CN209888641U - 用于机动车辆的混合动力系 - Google Patents

用于机动车辆的混合动力系 Download PDF

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CN209888641U
CN209888641U CN201821646779.4U CN201821646779U CN209888641U CN 209888641 U CN209888641 U CN 209888641U CN 201821646779 U CN201821646779 U CN 201821646779U CN 209888641 U CN209888641 U CN 209888641U
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reduction gear
gear
hybrid powertrain
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A·布兰茨玛
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B60K6/365—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings with the gears having orbital motion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/50—Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
    • B60K6/54—Transmission for changing ratio
    • B60K6/543—Transmission for changing ratio the transmission being a continuously variable transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H3/00—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion
    • F16H3/44—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion
    • F16H3/72—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously
    • F16H3/724—Toothed gearings for conveying rotary motion with variable gear ratio or for reversing rotary motion using gears having orbital motion with a secondary drive, e.g. regulating motor, in order to vary speed continuously using external powered electric machines
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
    • B60K2006/4825—Electric machine connected or connectable to gearbox input shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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Abstract

本实用新型涉及特别是用于机动车辆的混合动力系，其包括内燃发动机(1)、电动机/发电机装置(2)、被驱动车轮(3)和处于它们之间的传动装置(4)，该传动装置(4)包括各自具有两个啮合齿轮(101、102；111、112)的两对(100；110)，它们位于发动机(1)和被驱动车轮(3)之间。根据本公开，电机(2)按照以下方式布置在混合动力系中，即，电机(2)可以仅仅经由具有两个啮合齿轮(101、102；111、112)的所述两对(100；110)中的具有两个啮合齿轮(101、102)的一对(100)来驱动被驱动车轮(3)。

Description

用于机动车辆的混合动力系
技术领域
本实用新型涉及用于机动车辆(特别是客车)或者处于机动车辆(特别是客车)中的混合动力系，其具有内燃发动机或ICE、电机或电动机/发电机装置、被驱动车轮和传动装置，所述传动装置将ICE和/或电机选择性地驱动性地连接至、即选择性地耦接至被驱动车轮。在本领域中，已经提出了若干这种混合动力系，其具有宽范围的结构复杂性并提供若干操作模式，例如电池供能的电机驱动模式、汽油供能的ICE驱动模式、组合的ICE 和电机辅助驱动模式、电机制动能量回收或发电模式等。
背景技术
传动装置通常包括变速传动器单元，所述变速传动器单元能够并且旨在改变ICE(的曲轴)和/或电机(的驱动轴)的(旋转)速度与被驱动车轮的旋转速度之间的速度比，以及用于使被驱动车轮的旋转速度相对于ICE 的旋转速度反向。备选地，通过在传动装置中包括所谓的累加齿轮，特别是众所周知的行星齿轮组，可以在混合动力系中实现这种速度比的可变性。在这种情况下，ICE被耦接至行星齿轮组的第一部件，例如环形齿轮，电机被耦接至其第二部件，例如太阳齿轮，并且被驱动车轮被耦接至其第三部件，例如托架，所述托架可旋转地保持多个行星齿轮，所述多个行星齿轮位于与其呈啮合关系的环形齿轮的内周和太阳齿轮的外周之间。在这种情况下，通过控制ICE和电机相对于彼此的旋转速度和电机的旋转方向，可以改变被驱动车轮的旋转速度和旋转方向。在这种情况下，速度比的可变性由ICE和电机的旋转速度的范围确定和限制，并且可以通过在传动装置中进一步包括变速传动器单元来增大。
从国际专利申请公开WO2010/063735(A1)中已知传动装置的包括行星齿轮组的上述布置。在该已知的混合动力系中，所述传动装置进一步包括一组连续两对啮合齿轮，其位于被驱动车轮和动力系的其他部分之间，并在它们之间提供定比驱动连接。该齿轮组在下文中表示为最终减速齿轮。所述最终减速齿轮设有三个轴，其中中轴可设有一个或两个齿轮，以使得最终减速齿轮总共包括三个或四个齿轮。已知，通过在中轴上设置两个齿轮，最终减速齿轮可以构造得更加紧凑，如果由此提供的定比减速(即最终减速齿轮的输入速度与输出速度或被驱动车轮的速度之比)相对高、例如超过4.5:1，则这是有用的或必要的。
应注意，通常地并且在WO2010/063735中，差动传动装置作为传动装置的一部分位于最终减速齿轮和被驱动车轮之间，以便使得机动车辆的两个轮能够同时被动力系驱动。
已知的最终减速齿轮主要用于以下目的，即，相对于混合动力系的所述其他部分(特别是ICE和电机)的旋转速度减小混合动力系的输出速度，即被驱动车轮的输出速度。在前发动机、即前轮驱动的机动车辆中，最终减速齿轮还用于跨越(拉开)驱动轮的轴和动力系的所述其他部分之间的竖直距离。最终减速齿轮使用两个连续的齿轮对将由此提供的总减速分解成两个(较小的)阶段，从而减小其每对啮合齿轮的直径的等级。此外，通过在最终减速齿轮中使用两个连续的齿轮对，而实现了在其输入齿轮和输出齿轮之间旋转方向未反向。已知的最终减速齿轮的该后一特征(输入齿轮和输出齿轮之间旋转方向未反向)与包括无级变速传动器单元的传动装置特别相关，所述无级变速传动器单元具有两个变速带轮和缠绕元件，例如摩擦带，所述无级变速传动器单元也不会在其输入带轮和其输出带轮之间使旋转方向反向。此外，至少与有级、即可切换齿轮传动变速传动器相比，这种无级变速传动器单元通常提供相对大的加速比(过驱动比)。因此，无级变速传动器单元需要相对大的定比减速，所述相对大的定比减速在实践中可以仅仅在两个连续的阶段中、即仅仅通过具有两个连续齿轮对的所述最终减速齿轮来有效地实现。最终减速齿轮的这种特定布置在传统动力系中是众所周知的，并且通常还在不修改的情况下应用于混合动力系中。然而，根据本公开，当作为混合动力系的一部分时，最终减速齿轮的这种传统布置可以得到改进。
实用新型内容
根据本公开，通过减少位于电机和被驱动车轮之间的传动装置的啮合齿轮对的数量，特别地在所述电机(辅助)驱动模式下和电机发电模式下，总体上可以改善混合动力系和机动车辆的操作效率。然而，同时，由被驱动车轮和ICE或电机之间的传动装置提供的定比减速不会因此而被限制成次优值。
本公开的基础在于以下启示，即，为了实现动力系的最佳操作效率和性能，电机优选地在大旋转速度范围(特别是比ICE的旋转速度范围大，更特别地是ICE的旋转速度范围的两倍大的旋转速度范围)内操作。传统上并且在WO2010/063735中，这通过在传动装置中包括处于电机的输出轴和最终减速齿轮之间的另外一对啮合齿轮来实现。该另外的齿轮对使电机的驱动轴的旋转速度相对于最终减速齿轮的旋转速度以定比增大，并且该另外的齿轮对在下文中表示为电机减速齿轮。因此，在已知的混合动力系中，三对啮合齿轮位于电机和被驱动车轮之间。
根据本公开，通过减少位于电机和被驱动车轮之间的啮合齿轮对的数量，特别地在所述电机(辅助)驱动模式下和电机发电模式下，总体上可以改善混合动力系和机动车辆的操作效率。然而，同时，被驱动车轮和ICE 或电机之间的定比减速优选地不会因此而被影响，即不会因此而被限制成次优值。特别地根据本公开，最终减速齿轮仅仅由(一组)两个齿轮组成，用于降低旋转速度(即用于中间减速)的另外一组两个齿轮在传动装置中包括在ICE(的曲轴)与电机(的驱动轴)和最终减速齿轮二者之间。在这种布置中，由具有三个齿轮的传统的最终减速齿轮提供的总减速可以在最终减速齿轮对的第一齿轮对和中间减速齿轮的第二齿轮对之间分解。因此，ICE速度和动力系的所述输出速度之间的速度比被或者至少可以被有利地保持，而电机有利地更直接地并且因此有利地更有效地耦接至被驱动车轮，即，在它们之间少设置了一组啮合齿轮。由此，特别是在所述电机 (辅助)驱动模式下和发电模式下，机动车辆的操作效率总体上得到改善。
根据本公开的混合动力系特别适合于具有诸如行星齿轮的齿轮结构的 ICE和电机的并联布置，所述诸如行星齿轮的齿轮结构被设置成将ICE和电机耦接至被驱动车轮和/或将ICE和电机彼此耦接。在混合动力系的后一种布置(齿轮结构将ICE和电机彼此耦接)中，所述中间减速齿轮位于变速传动器单元和所述齿轮结构之间。在该后一方面，应注意，因为无级变速传动器单元依赖于摩擦力来传递驱动动力，所以由ICE产生的可由传动器传递的驱动扭矩受到限制。因此，ICE驱动扭矩优选地仅仅在已经通过传动器之后通过中间减速齿轮来增大。
附图说明
下面将借助于本实用新型的非限制性的说明性的实施例并且参考附图来更详细地阐释本实用新型，在所述附图中：
图1是已知的混合动力系的示意性简图表示；
图2是根据本公开的混合动力系的简图表示。
具体实施方式
图1显示了用于诸如客车的机动车辆的已知的混合动力系的基本示例。已知的混合动力系包括具有曲轴11的内燃发动机(即ICE 1)、具有驱动轴 21的电机2(特别是电动机/发电机或M/G装置2)、两个具有轮轴31的被驱动车轮3和处于它们之间的传动装置4。已知的传动装置4包括离合器5、最终减速齿轮60、电机减速齿轮22和差动传动装置7，所述离合器5用于选择性地驱动性地将ICE 1与混合动力系的其余部分连接、即用于将ICE 1 与混合动力系的其余部分耦接或解耦，所述最终减速齿轮60用于在ICE 1 和被驱动车轮3之间提供定比减速，所述电机减速齿轮22用于在E/M装置2和最终减速齿轮60之间提供定比减速，所述差动传动装置7用于允许两个被驱动车轮3在被耦接至ICE 1和/或M/G装置2时各自以相应的旋转速度旋转。最终减速齿轮60由直径互不相同的三个齿轮61、62、63实现，所述三个齿轮61、62、63以两个阶段在ICE 1和被驱动车轮3之间提供所述定比减速。在最终减速齿轮60和差动传动装置7之间设有中间轴8。然而，特别是在前发动机、即前轮驱动的机动车辆中，最终减速齿轮60、特别是其输出齿轮61通常与差动传动装置7成一体，以使得不需要所述中间轴8。此外，混合动力系中通常包括变速传动器单元，例如有级或无级变速自动传动器，以增强其多功能性和操作效率。这种变速传动器单元于是在动力系中设置在离合器5的位置处，所述离合器5于是被结合在所述变速传动器单元中。
由最终减速齿轮60提供的所述定比减速通常等于4:1(即，输入齿轮 63每旋转四次，输出齿轮61旋转一次)。在无级变速自动传动器9被应用于变速传动器单元的情况下(见图2)，这种定比减速通常被选择得更高，例如6:1，因为与有级变速传动器单元的通常约1.75的因数相比，无级变速自动传动器以通常约2.5的相对大的因数增大ICE 1的(曲轴11)的旋转速度。该6:1的高定比减速实际上可以仅仅以两个阶段、即通过具有不同直径的两组相继的成对啮合齿轮来实现。
图2示出了根据本公开的混合动力系。特别是，其传动装置4具有新颖的布局，即新颖的齿轮结构。图2的新颖的传动装置4包括行星齿轮组 50，所述行星齿轮组50包括中心齿轮或太阳齿轮51和环形齿轮54，所述中心齿轮或太阳齿轮51与一个或多个行星齿轮52啮合式接触，所述行星齿轮52由与太阳齿轮51同轴地布置的行星架53可旋转地承载，所述环形齿轮54与行星齿轮52啮合式接触并且也与太阳齿轮51同轴地布置。太阳齿轮51经由离合器5、中间减速齿轮110和无级变速传动器单元9耦接至 ICE 1的曲轴11。环形齿轮54经由另外的齿轮组22耦接至M/G装置2的驱动轴21。行星架53经由最终减速齿轮100、中间轴8和差动传动装置7 耦接至被驱动车轮3。桥接离合器55作为行星齿轮组50的一部分设置在其行星架53和太阳齿轮54之间。该桥接离合器55可以闭合以在内部锁定行星齿轮组5，以使得其太阳齿轮51、行星架53和环形齿轮54一体旋转。此外，制动器70作为传动装置4的一部分设置，其可以被接合以锁定行星架53，即防止行星架53旋转，在这种情况下，M/G装置2可以驱动ICE 1，特别地以将ICE 1启动，或者ICE 1可以驱动M/G装置2，例如以对机动车辆的电池充电，而不同时驱动和/或加速机动车辆。
在本实用新型示出的示例中，变速传动器单元9设有变速输入带轮91、变速输出带轮93以及驱动带95，所述变速输入带轮91处于传动器输入轴 92上，所述变速输出带轮93处于传动器输出轴94上，所述驱动带95缠绕并旋转地连接所述带轮91、92。该类型的变速传动器单元9是众所周知的，并且能够在一定的速度比范围内连续地改变所述传动器轴92、94之间的速度比。在未预先公开的荷兰专利申请NL-1042199中描述了上述后一种特定类型的混合动力系的进一步技术细节以及其具体的益处和操作。
最终减速齿轮100和中间减速齿轮110均各自由仅仅两个齿轮(即，最终减速输入齿轮101和最终减速输出齿轮102以及中间减速输入齿轮111 和中间减速输出齿轮112)组成。应注意，中间减速齿轮110可能潜在地位于ICE 1的曲轴11和变速传动器单元9之间，上述后一位置(中间减速齿轮110位于ICE 1的曲轴11和变速传动器单元9之间)在动力系的操作效率方面可能是优选的。然而，在无级变速传动器单元9的情况下，代而优选的是中间减速齿轮110在图2中所示的位置。
优选地并且如图2所示，由电机减速齿轮22提供的定比减速相对于现有技术增大，以至少部分地补偿原先在具有三个齿轮61、62和63的传统最终减速齿轮60之间提供的相对大的减速。如图所示，电机减速齿轮22 可以由两个具有不同直径的啮合齿轮23、24实现。然而，还可以应用在具有不同直径的两个链轮上运行的驱动链(未示出)。特别地，如果电机减速齿轮22的定比减速例如在本公开的范畴内相对大，则后一实施例(应用在具有不同直径的两个链轮上运行的驱动链)可能是优选的。
特别地在图2所示的混合动力系中，最终减速齿轮100优选地提供在 3:1和5:1的范围内的特别是基本上等于4:1的定比减速，中间减速齿轮110 优选地提供在1.1:1和2:1的范围内的特别是基本上等于1.5:1的定比减速，并且电机减速齿轮22优选地提供在2:1至3.5:1的范围内的特别是基本上等于2.75:1的定比减速。

Claims (7)

1.一种混合动力系，所述混合动力系用于机动车辆或者在机动车辆中，所述混合动力系包括具有曲轴(11)的内燃发动机(1)、具有驱动轴(21)的电机(2)、被驱动车轮(3)和处于它们之间的传动器(4)，所述传动器(4)设有：
-行星齿轮组(50)，其具有中心太阳齿轮(51)、外部环形齿轮(54)以及在太阳齿轮(51)和环形齿轮(54)之间的行星齿轮(52)，所述行星齿轮(52)可旋转地容纳在行星架(53)中，
-变速传动器单元(9)，所述变速传动器单元(9)在其输入轴(92)和输出轴(94)之间提供可变传动比，其输入轴(92)与所述内燃发动机(1)的曲轴(11)相连接并一体旋转，
以及
-由两个啮合齿轮实现的电机减速齿轮(22)或链传动器，其提供第三固定速度比并将所述电机(2)的驱动轴(21)连接至所述行星齿轮组(50)，并且其输入与所述电机(2)的驱动轴(21)一体旋转，
其特征在于，所述传动器(4)还设有：
-由仅仅两个啮合齿轮组成的最终减速齿轮(100)，其提供第一固定速度比并将所述行星齿轮组(50)连接至所述被驱动车轮(3)，并且所述最终减速齿轮(100)的输出与所述被驱动车轮(3)一体旋转，
-由仅仅两个啮合齿轮组成的中间减速齿轮(110)，其提供第二固定速度比并将所述变速传动器单元(9)的输出轴(94)连接至所述行星齿轮组(50)，并且其输入与所述变速传动器单元(9)的输出轴(94)一体旋转。
2.根据权利要求1所述的混合动力系，其特征在于，所述中间减速齿轮(110)的输出经由所述传动器(4)的离合器(5)连接至所述行星齿轮组(50)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力系，其特征在于，所述最终减速齿轮(100)的输入与所述行星齿轮组(50)的行星架(53)一体旋转，所述中间减速齿轮(110)的输出与所述行星齿轮组(50)的太阳齿轮(51)一体旋转，并且所述电机减速齿轮(22)的输出与所述行星齿轮组(50)的环形齿轮(54)一体旋转。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力系，其特征在于，所述最终减速齿轮(100)的输出经由所述传动器(4)的差动传动装置(7)连接至所述被驱动车轮(3)。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力系，其特征在于，所述变速传动器单元(9)包括驱动带(95)和两个变速带轮(91、93)，并在其输入轴(92)和输出轴(94)之间提供连续可变的速度比。
6.根据权利要求5所述的混合动力系，其特征在于，所述最终减速齿轮(100)提供处于从3:1至5:1的范围中的第一固定速度比，所述中间减速齿轮(110)提供处于从1.1:1至2:1的范围中的第二固定速度比，并且所述电机减速齿轮(22)或所述链传动器提供处于从2:1至3.5:1的范围中的第三固定速度比。
7.根据权利要求6所述的混合动力系，其特征在于，所述第一固定速度比等于4:1，所述第二固定速度比等于1.5:1，并且所述第三固定速度比等于2.75:1。
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