CN209879924U - Experimental device for probe current heat effect - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses an explore experimental apparatus of electric current fuel factor, include power, switch and the heating bottle that connects gradually with the wire according to the experiment principle, the bottleneck department of heating bottle is equipped with the sealing plug, is equipped with the heating wire in the bottle, still vertically is equipped with the equal open-ended liquid column pipe in both ends in the heating bottle, the bottom of liquid column pipe is pressed close to at the bottom of the bottle, the top passes the sealing plug and stretches out outside the heating bottle. Through the air in the heating bottle of heating wire heating, the air makes the pressure grow in the heating bottle after the thermal expansion to make the water at the bottom of the heating bottle form a liquid column in the liquid column pipe, the experimental result is more directly perceived, has improved the interest of experiment greatly, can greatly mobilize student's enthusiasm.

Description

Experimental device for probe current heat effect

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the teaching equipment, concretely relates to probe experimental apparatus of electric current fuel factor.

Background

In the physical teaching materials in the beginning, there is an experiment for researching the relation between the heat effect of the current and which factors, the experiment utilizes the heat effect of the current to heat the same kind of liquid with the same quality, and judges the quantity of heat generated by the electrified conductor according to the rising condition of the temperature of the liquid, thereby researching the heat effect of the current, but the existing experiment has the following problems and disadvantages:

firstly, water which is convenient to obtain and low in cost is generally selected for experiments in class, and the specific heat capacity of the water is large, so that the temperature rises very slowly when heat is absorbed, and the experiment time is long. If other liquids with smaller specific heat capacity, such as kerosene, vegetable oil, alcohol and the like, are used in class, the problems of inconvenient material taking, high cost, slow temperature rise and long experiment time are also caused. The too long experimental time easily leads to the student to be distracted, is unfavorable for organizing classroom teaching.

Secondly, in order to research the relationship between the thermal effect of the current and the resistance and the current, a controlled variable method is adopted for research in the experiment, and the experiment needs to be carried out twice. After the relation between the thermal effect and the resistance of the current is researched, if the liquid in the flask is not replaced, the relation between the thermal effect and the current of the current can be continuously researched by waiting for the temperature of the liquid in the two flasks to be reduced to the same temperature and then changing the magnitude of the current. However, the temperature reduction process of the liquid in the flasks is slower than the temperature rise process, the temperature of the liquid in the two flasks needs to be consistent after a long time, continuous or repeated experiments are inconvenient, and the liquid is troublesome to replace in the experiment process.

SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL

The utility model provides an explore experimental apparatus of electric current fuel factor, aim at solve current experimental apparatus and lead to the experimentation longer, be unfavorable for the problem of classroom teaching. Therefore, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:

the utility model provides an explore experimental apparatus of electric current fuel factor, includes power, switch and the heating bottle that connects gradually with the wire according to the experiment principle, the bottleneck department of heating bottle is equipped with the sealing plug, is equipped with the heating wire in the bottle, two contacts of heating wire pass the sealing plug and stretch out to the heating bottle outside, still vertically be equipped with the equal open-ended liquid column pipe in both ends in the heating bottle, the bottom of liquid column pipe is pressed close to at the bottom of the bottle, the top passes the sealing plug and stretches out to the heating bottle outside.

Furthermore, an exhaust pipe is further arranged on the heating bottle, one end of the exhaust pipe penetrates through the sealing plug and extends into the heating bottle, the other end of the exhaust pipe is arranged outside the heating bottle, and an air blocking device is arranged on the exhaust pipe.

Furthermore, the liquid column pipe is provided with scale marks.

Further, the exhaust pipe is a rubber hose, and the air blocking device is a clamp.

Further, the sealing plug is a rubber plug.

In this experiment, liquid column pipe can select ordinary thin glass pipe for use, and the heating flask can select ordinary flask, will use a plurality of heating flasks during the experiment, therefore the experiment must select the flask of the same kind of specification as the heating flask. During the experiment, the same amount of liquid, preferably red-dyed water, needs to be injected into each heating bottle, so that the height of the liquid column can be conveniently observed. When adding water, can use the graduated flask volume to get the equivalent water, guarantee the accuracy and the reliability of the data of experiment.

According to an ideal state equation:

PV=nRT

wherein: p refers to the ideal gas pressure;

v is the volume of the ideal gas;

n represents the amount of gaseous species;

r is an ideal gas constant;

t is the thermodynamic temperature of the ideal gas;

the device is tested in the same environment, so that the pressure P of the ideal gas and the initial value of the thermodynamic temperature T of the ideal gas are consistent; in the experiment, flasks with the same specification are used as heating bottles, and the volume V of ideal gas and the amount n of gas substances in the heating bottles are constant, the amount n of the gas substances is constant all the time in the experiment process, and the volume V of the gas is small in experiment variation and can be ignored.

From the above, in the experiment process, as the temperature T in the bottle rises, the pressure P of the gas in the bottle changes proportionally with the temperature T.

According to the pressure formula

The experiment adopts the liquid column tube and the heating bottle with the same specification, so the area S is constant, and the pressure P and the pressure F are in a direct proportional relation;

according to the pressure formula of the liquid:

F=ρghS

under the same experimental environment, the same liquid is used in the experiment, so the density rho and the gravity acceleration g of the liquid are always constant, and the height h of the liquid column is in direct proportion to the pressure F.

As can be seen from the above, as the temperature of the gas in the heating bottle increases, the height of the liquid column in the liquid column tube also increases in equal proportion.

The beneficial effects of the utility model reside in that:

1. the air in the heating bottle is heated by the electric heating wire, and the pressure intensity in the heating bottle is increased after the air is heated and expanded, so that the water at the bottom of the heating bottle forms a liquid column in the liquid column pipe, the experimental result is more visual, the interestingness of the experiment is greatly improved, and the enthusiasm of students can be greatly aroused;

2. in the experimental process, the electric heating wire heats air, the air is heated and expanded quickly, and compared with water after heating is stopped, the air is cooled quickly, so that the experimental time is greatly shortened, and the precious classroom time is saved;

3. the utility model discloses an experimental apparatus use components and parts still less, greatly reduced the degree of difficulty of experiment, help the student to operate by hand, also shortened the time of experiment simultaneously.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the heating bottle and its internal components;

FIG. 2 is an experimental setup for investigating the relationship between the thermal effect of current and resistance;

FIG. 3 is an experimental setup for exploring the relationship between the thermal effect of current and current;

in the figure: 1-heating bottle, 2-electric heating wire, 3-sealing plug, 4-liquid column tube, 5-exhaust tube and 6-clip.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further explained with reference to the drawings, as shown in fig. 1 to 3, wherein the left and right parts mentioned below are the left and right parts with reference to fig. 2 or fig. 3.

In the experiment, equal volume of red dyed water needs to be injected into the two heating bottles 1, and the liquid level should be submerged at the bottom end of the liquid column tube 4. During the experiment, need use clip 6 to clip blast pipe 5, guarantee the gas tightness of experiment. After a set of experiment, can loosen clip 6 and make heating bottle 1 balanced with external atmospheric pressure mutually, the power in the experiment can use ordinary student's power.

Experiment 1: the relation between the current thermal effect and the resistance is researched, a wiring diagram of the experimental device is shown in fig. 2, a lead led out from a power supply is connected in series with two heating bottles 1 through a switch, wherein the resistance of a heating wire 2 in the heating bottle 1 on the right side is n times (n represents a natural number larger than or equal to 2) of the resistance of the heating wire in the heating bottle 1 on the left side, and according to the characteristics of a series circuit, the currents passing through the two heating wires 2 are always kept consistent during the experiment. With continuous heating, it can be observed through experiments that the liquid column in the right heating bottle 1 is n times the height of the liquid column in the left heating bottle 1. I.e. the current in the right bottle generates n times the heat in the left bottle. Then change student's power supply's input voltage to change the size of electric current in the circuit, a lot of experiments can be found: under the condition that the current magnitude and the electrifying time are the same, the heat generated when the current passes through the conductor is in direct proportion to the resistance magnitude of the conductor.

Experiment 2, researching the relation between the current thermal effect and the current, the wiring diagram of the experimental device is shown in fig. 3, a lead led out from a power supply passes through a switch and then is connected in series with two heating bottles 1, the resistances of electric heating wires 2 in the two heating bottles 1 are equal, n (n represents a natural number more than or equal to 1) electric heating wires 2 with the same specification are connected in parallel outside the heating bottle 1 on the right side, and according to the series-parallel connection relation and characteristics of the resistances, the current passing through the electric heating wire 2 in the heating bottle 1 on the right side is the current passing through the electric heating wire 2 in the heating bottle 1 on the left sideWhen the switch is closed to heat the air, it can be seen that when the resistances are equal and the power-on time is the same, the rising height of the red-dyed water in the right bottle in the thin glass tube is equal to the rising height of the red-dyed water in the left bottle in the thin glass tubeI.e. the heat generated by the current in the left bottle is that in the right bottleThe input voltage of student's power is then changed to change the size of electric current in the circuit, many times of experiments can be derived: under the condition that the resistance and the electrifying time are the same, the heat generated when the current passes through the conductor is in proportion to the square of the current.

In the experiments 1 and 2, the liquid column in any liquid column tube 4 is observed to rise, and it can be seen that the longer the energization time is, the higher the liquid column rises, which indicates that the longer the energization time is, the more heat is generated when the current passes through the conductor, and therefore, the current thermal effect is in direct proportion to the energization time.

In the experiment, the sealing plug 3 needs to be plugged tightly to ensure good air tightness, when the sealing plug 3 is plugged tightly, the air pressure in the heating bottle 1 is greater than the outside atmospheric pressure, and the air pressure difference can make the red water rise to a certain height in the liquid column tube 4. The clamp 6 needs to be loosened to balance the heating bottle 1 with the external air pressure, so that the influence of the air pressure difference on the experiment is eliminated, and then the clamp 6 is used for clamping the exhaust pipe 5 to ensure the air tightness of the device.

It should be noted that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, many modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (5)

1. The utility model provides an explore experimental apparatus of electric current fuel factor, includes power, switch and the heating bottle that connects gradually with the wire according to the experiment principle, its characterized in that, the bottleneck department of heating bottle is equipped with the sealing plug, is equipped with the heating wire in the bottle, two contacts of heating wire pass the sealing plug and stretch out to the heating bottle outside, still vertically be equipped with the equal open-ended liquid column pipe in both ends in the heating bottle, the bottom of liquid column pipe is pressed close to the bottle end, the top passes the sealing plug and stretches out to the heating bottle outside.

2. The experimental device for exploring the thermal effect of current as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating bottle is further provided with an exhaust tube, one end of the exhaust tube passes through the sealing plug and extends into the heating bottle, the other end of the exhaust tube is arranged outside the heating bottle, and the exhaust tube is provided with a gas blocking device.

3. The experimental device for exploring the thermal effect of current according to claim 1, wherein the liquid column tube is provided with scale marks.

4. The experimental device for exploring the thermal effect of current as claimed in claim 2, wherein the exhaust tube is a rubber hose, and the air blocking device is a clip.

5. The experimental device for exploring the thermal effect of current according to claim 1, wherein the sealing plug is a rubber plug.