CN209878799U - Snow particle settling velocity measuring device - Google Patents
Snow particle settling velocity measuring device Download PDFInfo
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- CN209878799U CN209878799U CN201920947940.XU CN201920947940U CN209878799U CN 209878799 U CN209878799 U CN 209878799U CN 201920947940 U CN201920947940 U CN 201920947940U CN 209878799 U CN209878799 U CN 209878799U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a snow particle settling velocity measuring device, which belongs to the technical field of disaster prevention, and comprises a cylinder stabilizing section, a cylinder testing section and an anemoscope, wherein both ends of the cylinder stabilizing section are opened, the bottom end of the cylinder stabilizing section is fixedly provided with a fan, a rectifying mechanism for rectifying the airflow blown out by the fan and a filter screen for placing snow particles are also arranged in the cylinder stabilizing section, the rectifying mechanism is arranged above the top end of the fan at intervals, and the filter screen is arranged above the top end of the rectifying mechanism at intervals; the two ends of the barrel test section are open, and the barrel test section is arranged at the upper end of the barrel stable section and is detachably connected with the barrel stable section; the anemoscope is used for measuring the wind speed of one end of the barrel test section, which deviates from the barrel stabilizing section. The utility model provides a snow granule settling velocity measuring device can arrange external natural environment in, reaches the same environmental condition very easily, and each item property parameter of snow is difficult for receiving external environment's influence and changes, device simple structure, convenient operation.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model belongs to the technical field of the settling velocity measurement, more specifically say, relate to a snow granule settling velocity measuring device.
Background
Wind and snow flow is a natural phenomenon that snow particles drift and accumulate under the action of wind power. When wind and snow flow occurs, snow is accumulated seriously in local areas, and then phenomena such as traffic jam and building damage are caused, so that the daily life of people is seriously influenced. As a material source for the wind and snow flow, various properties of snow have important influence on the processes of starting, drifting, accumulating and the like of the wind and snow flow. And the speed of snow fall is one of the important property parameters of snow. The sedimentation velocity of snow is a velocity at which snow particles are sedimented at a constant velocity in a static air, and may be defined as a falling velocity of snow particles when the sum of external forces acting on the snow particles is zero, that is, a maximum velocity which can be reached when the snow particles fall.
To measure the settling rate of particulate matter, there are two main methods currently used: 1. testing at a given time, and measuring the vertical distance passed by the particles within a certain time interval; 2. given the distance test, the time required to record the settling of the particulate matter over a fixed distance is measured. And (3) solving a speed of the particles according to the ratio of the settling distance of the particles to the settling time, and carrying out multiple measurements to obtain an average settling speed of the particles in the flowing medium. In the two methods, technical equipment such as a camera, a computer, a video recorder and the like are adopted to record and acquire experimental data in the measuring process, the working environment of the technical equipment has great limitation, and the equipment cannot work normally in the cold and strong wind environment. The snow particles are different from general particles, the property parameters of the snow particles are greatly influenced by the natural environment, the parameters such as the particle size, the sedimentation speed and the like of the snow can be obviously changed by factors such as temperature, humidity and the like, and the property parameters of the snow measured in the field natural state can represent the property parameters of the snow in the real state.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
An object of the utility model is to provide a snow granule settling velocity measuring device aims at solving because the environment influences the great problem of snow granule to the restriction of technical equipment in the measurement process and humiture factor.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: there is provided a snow particle settling velocity measuring apparatus comprising: the device comprises a barrel stabilizing section, a barrel testing section and an anemoscope, wherein two ends of the barrel stabilizing section are open, a fan is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the barrel stabilizing section, a rectifying mechanism for rectifying airflow blown out by the fan and a filter screen for placing snow particles are further arranged in the barrel stabilizing section, the rectifying mechanism is arranged above the top end of the fan at intervals, and the filter screen is arranged above the top end of the rectifying mechanism at intervals; the two ends of the cylinder body test section are open, and the cylinder body test section is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder body stabilizing section and is detachably connected with the cylinder body stabilizing section; and the anemometer is used for measuring the wind speed of one end of the cylinder test section, which deviates from the cylinder stabilizing section.
Further, the fairing mechanism includes a honeycomb.
Further, the rectifying mechanism further comprises a damping net, and the damping net is arranged above the honeycomb device.
Further, the length of the cylinder stabilizing section is 1.25-1.75 times of the diameter of the section of the cylinder stabilizing section.
Further, the length of barrel stable section is 175mm, the diameter of barrel stable section is 100mm, the length of fairing is 60 mm.
Furthermore, the device for measuring the sedimentation velocity of the snow particles further comprises a snow collecting hopper, the two ends of the snow collecting hopper are open, the sectional area in the horizontal direction is sequentially increased from the bottom end to the top end, and the bottom end of the snow collecting hopper is detachably connected with the outer surface of the stable section of the cylinder body and is used for collecting the snow particles after measurement is completed.
Further, the device for measuring the sedimentation velocity of the snow particles further comprises a support, and the support is used for supporting the stable section of the cylinder body.
Further, the anemometer is a hot wire anemometer.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings required for the embodiments or the prior art descriptions will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without creative efforts.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a device for measuring a sedimentation velocity of snow particles according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a device for measuring a sedimentation velocity of snow particles according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a top view of a honeycomb device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a barrel stabilizing section; 2. a cylinder test section; 3. a fan; 4. a rectifying mechanism; 41. a cellular device; 5. a damping net; 6. filtering with a screen; 7. a support; 8. a snow collecting hopper; 9. a heat pipe.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical problem, technical solution and advantageous effects to be solved by the present invention more clearly understood, the following description is given in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments to illustrate the present invention in further detail. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.
Referring to fig. 1, the device for measuring the sedimentation velocity of snow particles according to the present invention will now be described. The snow particle sedimentation velocity measuring device comprises a barrel stabilizing section 1, a barrel testing section 2 and an anemoscope, wherein two ends of the barrel stabilizing section 1 are open, a fan 3 is fixedly arranged at the bottom end of the barrel stabilizing section 1, a rectifying mechanism 4 for rectifying airflow blown out by the fan 3 and a filter screen 6 for placing snow particles are also arranged in the barrel stabilizing section 2, the rectifying mechanism 4 is arranged above the top end of the fan 3 at intervals, and the filter screen 6 is arranged above the top end of the rectifying mechanism 4 at intervals; the two ends of the cylinder test section 2 are open, are arranged at the upper end of the cylinder stabilizing section 1 and are detachably connected with the cylinder stabilizing section 1; the anemoscope is used for measuring the wind speed of one end of the cylinder test section 2 deviating from the cylinder stabilizing section 1.
The utility model provides a snow granule settling velocity measuring device, compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses snow granule settling velocity measuring device sets up barrel stable section 1, barrel test section 2 and anemoscope, set up fan 3 through 1 bottom mounting of barrel stable section, fairing 4 and filter screen 6 set up in barrel stable section 1, 3 tops of fan set gradually fairing 4 and filter screen 6, fan 3 and fairing 4, set up the certain distance between fairing 4 and the filter screen 6, barrel stable section 1 can be dismantled with barrel test section 2 and be connected, set up the snow granule on filter screen 6, make the suspension state that the snow granule remains stable through the regulation of wind speed, can obtain the settling velocity of snow granule through the 2 orificial wind speeds of anemoscope survey barrel test section. The utility model discloses the device is difficult for receiving external environment's influence and arranges external environment in and reaches the same humiture very easily.
In this embodiment, the fan 3 is a low-speed fan, and the fan 3 is glued on the inner wall of the barrel stable section 1 or the inner wall bottom end of the barrel stable section 1 is welded with the support plate for supporting the fan 3, and the support plate is provided with a hole for dissipating heat generated by the fan 3. The portable direct-current power supply is adopted to provide current for the low-speed fan, the portable direct-current power supply is preferably a low-temperature-resistant storage battery, the current can be stably provided for the low-speed fan in a cold external environment, the wind speed of the low-speed fan is continuously adjustable, the speed of the airflow moving along the axial direction of the barrel stable section 1 can be accurately selected, and meanwhile, the barrel stable section 1 is provided with an opening capable of adjusting the wind speed of the fan 3; the fan 3 can also be a low-temperature resistant remote control fan 3, the wind speed of the fan 3 in the barrel stable section 1 can be adjusted by utilizing remote control outside the barrel stable section 1, and the barrel stable section 1 is made of a steel cylinder with uniform cross section.
The utility model discloses a principle is in the updraft that the velocity of flow equals the settling velocity when the snow granule, and the granule will be in the suspended state, and effort such as the snow granule receives this moment, buoyancy, resistance reach balanced state, and the velocity of updraft this moment is called the suspended velocity. The sedimentation velocity of snow is the velocity at which snow particles settle at a constant velocity in still air. Comparing the definition of the sedimentation velocity and the suspension velocity, the stress of the snow particles of the two snow particles can reach an equilibrium state. From this, the settling velocity and the suspension velocity are different in meaning and equal in value. The settling velocity of the particles can thus be obtained by measuring the suspension velocity.
The sedimentation of snow particles in static air is subjected to force analysis, and the fluid resistance of the snow particles in the air can be calculated by the formula (1):
in the formula: cD-drag coefficient, related to parameters such as Reynolds number, Mach number, Strookh number, etc.;
s is the cross section area of the snow particles in the direction of sedimentation;
upsilon-the velocity of movement of the snow particles in the air stream;
ρ -fluid density.
The gravity to which the snow particles are subjected can be calculated by equation (2):
G＝ρngV (2)
in the formula: rhonSnow particle density (kg/m)3)；
V-volume of snow particles (m)3)。
The buoyancy force borne by the snow particles can be calculated by the formula (3):
Ffloating body＝ρgV (3)
When the snow particles are stressed in balance in the static air, the sum of the gravity, the resistance and the buoyancy is 0, and the sedimentation velocity upsilon of the snow particles in the static air flow is calculated0In the case of a calculation formula (4), the speed of movement of the snow particles in the air flow is equal to upsilon0。
By force analysis of the snow particles in vertically flowing air, the snow particles in the flowing air move relative to the apparatus at a velocity ω, assuming that the air inside the test apparatus moves vertically upward relative to the apparatus at a uniform velocity μ. The relative velocity v of the snow particles with respect to the flowing air at this time can be calculated by the formula (5).
υ＝ω+μ (5)
The calculation of resistance, gravity and buoyancy force borne by the snow particles is consistent with the calculation method of the snow particles in the static fluid, and the suspension velocity upsilon of the snow particles in stress balance and the settling velocity upsilon of the snow particles in the static air flow can be obtained0Are equal. At this point, the speed of movement ω of the snow particles relative to the device is the speed upsilon0The difference in velocity μ of the gas flow relative to the measuring device. When the moving speed mu of the gas flow is equal to the settling speed upsilon0The speed of movement omega of the snow particles relative to the device is 0, at which time the snow particles will be stationary in space. The speed of the air flow is read at this time, and the sedimentation speed of the snow particles can be obtained.
As a specific embodiment of the snow particle sedimentation velocity measuring apparatus provided by the present invention, please refer to fig. 1 and 3, the rectifying mechanism 4 includes a honeycomb device 41, the honeycomb device 41 is assembled by a circular pipe, the honeycomb device 41 is detachably connected with the cylinder stabilizing section 1, preferably in a threaded connection, an external thread is provided outside the honeycomb device 41, and an internal thread is correspondingly provided inside the cylinder stabilizing section 1; also for the dull polish connection, the external portion of honeycomb device 41 sets up to the frosting, and the barrel is stabilized section 1 inside and is set up to the frosting. The honeycombs 41 may also be cemented to the barrel stabilizing section 1. The honeycomb device 41 can rectify the turbulent airflow blown by the fan 3 to reduce the turbulence of the airflow.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 1, the rectifying mechanism 4 further includes a damping net 5, the damping net 5 is disposed above the honeycomb device 41, the damping net 5 and the filter screen 6 are detachably connected to the cylinder stabilizing section 1, the damping net 5 and the filter screen 6 are provided with curled edges around, and the curled edges of the damping net 5 and the filter screen 6 are inserted into the cylinder stabilizing section 1 in sequence; the cylinder stabilizing section 1 can also be arranged into two half blocks which are mutually clamped along the axial direction, the damping net 5 and the filter screen 6 are placed in the two half blocks of the cylinder stabilizing section 1, and then the two half blocks of the cylinder stabilizing section 1 are clamped. The damping net 5 can make the flow speed of the stable section more uniform, further destroy the airflow vortex after passing through the honeycomb device 41, and reduce the turbulence of the airflow of the stable section. Meanwhile, in the process of measuring the sedimentation velocity of the snow particles, the snow particles are likely to melt, and the damping net 5 is arranged between the honeycomb device 41 and the filter screen 6, so that the corrosion of the molten snow particles to the honeycomb device 41 is avoided, the material is saved, and the cost is saved.
Referring to fig. 1, the length of the barrel stabilizing section 1 is 1.25 to 1.75 times the diameter of the cross section of the barrel stabilizing section 1, and the air flow blown by the fan 3 moves axially along the barrel stabilizing section 1. Setting the length of the cylinder stabilizing section 1 to be 1.25-1.75 times of the diameter of the section of the cylinder stabilizing section 1, wherein three factors are mainly considered, firstly, the cylinder stabilizing section 1 can be used for placing a honeycomb device 41, a damping net 5 and a filter screen 6, a certain distance is arranged between a fan 3 and the honeycomb device 41 at intervals, and a certain distance is arranged between the damping net 5 and the filter screen 6 at intervals, so that airflow has a certain development length; secondly, field test is carried out, and if the size of the device is too large, the device is inconvenient to carry; and finally, the bottom fan 3 occupies a certain space, the length of the barrel stable section 1 is properly lengthened, and the length of the space occupied by the fan 3 along the axial direction of the barrel stable section 1 is 25 mm. The length of the barrel stabilizing section 1 is finally set to 1.25 to 1.75 times the diameter of the section of the barrel stabilizing section 1. The length of the cylinder test section 2 is not set to be a fixed length and is mainly set according to the proficiency of an operator, the longer the cylinder test section 2 is, the lower the requirement on the operator is, so that the cylinder test sections 2 with different lengths can be prepared when the measurement is carried out in the field, and the different cylinder test sections 2 can be selected according to the proficiency of the operator.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 1, the length of the cylinder stabilizing section 1 is 175mm, the diameter of the cylinder stabilizing section 1 is 100mm, and the length of the rectifying mechanism 4 is 60 mm. The length of the barrel stabilizing section 1 is set to be 175mm, the diameter is set to be 100mm, the barrel stabilizing section is convenient to carry in the field, meanwhile, a certain development length is reserved for airflow blown out by the fan 3, and the length of the rectifying mechanism 4 is set to be 60mm, so that the turbulence degree of the airflow can be adjusted more conveniently.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 2, the snow particle sedimentation rate measuring device further includes a snow collecting hopper 8, two ends of the snow collecting hopper 8 are open and gradually increase from the bottom end to the top end in the cross-sectional area of the horizontal direction, and the bottom end is detachably connected with the outer surface of the barrel stabilizing section 1 for collecting the snow particles after the measurement is completed. The outer surfaces of the snow collecting hopper 8 and the barrel stabilizing section 1 are preferably in threaded connection, the inner side of the bottom end of the snow collecting hopper 8 is provided with internal threads, and the outer surface of the barrel stabilizing section 1 is correspondingly provided with external threads; also can be for the dull polish connection, 8 bottom inboards of snow collecting hopper set up to the frosting, and the corresponding setting of 1 surface of section is stabilized to the barrel is the frosting. After the snow particle sedimentation velocity is measured, the wind speed of the fan 3 is increased, so that the snow particles float out of the device and fall on the snow collecting hopper 8, the pollution to the damping net 5 and the honeycomb device 41 after the snow particles fall on the filter screen 6 and melt is avoided, and meanwhile, the snow particles falling on the snow collecting hopper 8 have a certain cooling effect on the barrel stable section 1.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 1 and 2, the snow particle settling velocity measuring apparatus further includes a support 7, the support 7 is used for supporting the barrel stable section 1, the bottom end of the barrel stable section 1 is open, the support 7 is used for supporting the barrel stable section 1, the heat dissipation is performed on the fan 3 fixedly arranged on the barrel stable section 1, and the stability of the whole apparatus is facilitated.
As a specific implementation manner of the embodiment of the present invention, please refer to fig. 2, the snow particle sedimentation rate measuring device further includes a heat pipe 9, a condensation section of the heat pipe 9 extends into the snow collecting hopper 8, and an evaporation section of the heat pipe 9 extends into the cylinder stabilization section 1 via a bottom side surface of the cylinder stabilization section 1. The snow particles collected by the snow collecting hopper 8 are used for cooling the fan 3 at the bottom end of the barrel stable section 1, heat generated by the fan 3 can be quickly dissipated, repeated experiments can be carried out for a plurality of times, and recycling of waste is achieved.
As a specific implementation of the embodiment of the present invention, not shown in the figure, the anemometer is a hot-wire anemometer. The top end of the cylinder test section 2 is open, and the settlement speed of the snow particles can be measured by placing the measuring part of the anemometer at the pipe orifice of the cylinder test section 2. The hot wire anemometer is used as a standard product of the anemometer, is convenient to carry and has high cost performance.
The above description is only exemplary of the present invention and should not be taken as limiting the scope of the present invention, as any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principles of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. A snow particle settling velocity measuring apparatus, comprising:
the snow removing device comprises a barrel stabilizing section, a fan, a rectifying mechanism and a filter screen, wherein the two ends of the barrel stabilizing section are open, the bottom end of the barrel stabilizing section is fixedly provided with the fan, the rectifying mechanism used for rectifying airflow blown out by the fan and the filter screen used for placing snow particles are further arranged in the barrel stabilizing section, the rectifying mechanism is arranged above the top end of the fan at intervals, and the filter screen is arranged above the top end of the rectifying mechanism at intervals;
the two ends of the cylinder body test section are open, and the cylinder body test section is arranged at the upper end of the cylinder body stabilizing section and is detachably connected with the cylinder body stabilizing section; and
and the anemometer is used for measuring the wind speed of one end of the cylinder test section, which deviates from the cylinder stabilizing section.
2. A snow particle settling velocity measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein the fairing means comprises a honeycomb.
3. A snow particle settling velocity measuring apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein the fairing means further comprises a damping mesh disposed above the honeycomb.
4. A snow particle settling velocity measuring apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length of the barrel stabilizing section is 1.25 to 1.75 times the diameter of the cross section of the barrel stabilizing section.
5. A snow particle settling speed measuring apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the length of the barrel stabilizing section is 175mm, the diameter of the barrel stabilizing section is 100mm, and the length of the rectifying means is 60 mm.
6. A snow particle settling speed measuring apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
the snow collecting hopper is opened at two ends, the sectional area in the horizontal direction is sequentially increased from the bottom end to the top end, and the bottom end is detachably connected with the outer surface of the stable section of the cylinder body and is used for collecting snow particles after measurement is finished.
7. A snow particle settling speed measuring apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising:
and the bracket is used for supporting the barrel stabilizing section.
8. A snow particle settling speed measuring apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the anemometer is a hot wire anemometer.
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| CN201920947940.XU CN209878799U (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Snow particle settling velocity measuring device |
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| CN201920947940.XU CN209878799U (en) | 2019-06-21 | 2019-06-21 | Snow particle settling velocity measuring device |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110118879A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-13 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of snow particle sinking speed measuring device and method |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110118879A (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2019-08-13 | 石家庄铁道大学 | A kind of snow particle sinking speed measuring device and method |
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