CN105758610A - High speed dust storm saltation test observation system - Google Patents
High speed dust storm saltation test observation system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105758610A CN105758610A CN201610139500.2A CN201610139500A CN105758610A CN 105758610 A CN105758610 A CN 105758610A CN 201610139500 A CN201610139500 A CN 201610139500A CN 105758610 A CN105758610 A CN 105758610A
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01M9/00—Aerodynamic testing; Arrangements in or on wind tunnels
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Abstract
The invention relates to a high speed dust storm saltation test observation system, characterized in that a pressure regulating valve, an electromagnetic switch valve, a time control switch, a sand blasting gun and a sand supply device are commonly fixed on a work panel; a power device is successively in connection with the pressure regulating valve, the electromagnetic switch valve and the sand blasting gun through a flexible pipe; the time control switch is in connection with a power supply, and is respectively in connection with the power supply and the electromagnetic switch valve through leads; the sand port of the sand supply device is in connection with the sand supply device; a test platform is located between a saltation dust collector and the sand blasting gun. The system can simulate continuously adjustable stable wind conditions with a wind speed greater than 150 m/s, and accurately control wind speed and effect time, and has the characteristics of convenient operation, easy control, portable equipment, simple disassembly and convenient transfer; the system is suitable for test observation such as dust storm saltation observation, wind speed wind pressure, wind erosion and polishing, sediment transport, etc. under heavy wind conditions, and microscopic research such as particle speed, concentration, etc., and provides basic test equipment for dust storm motion rules and process research under special conditions.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of simulation for windy conditions leeward sand material saltation and observation system.Specifically under one simulation windy conditions, the grains of sand are observed the saltation height of the grains of sand, saltation track and sand and are measured the test with height change and observation device after impacting the different barrier such as earth's surface or gravel.
Background technology
Saltation is the principal mode of the defeated shifting of dust storm material, and in stream, the husky amount of 70% is carried with saltation form.It is generally acknowledged in tradition research that the saltation height of the grains of sand is below tens centimeters, is concentrated mainly on less than 10 centimeters, the scope thus researched and developed and the observation work carried out are both for relatively low space, for instance used by field inspection, sand-taped instrument height is typically in below 1m；In wind comfort, by hole body size limitation, maximum analog height is general also at below 1m, and the observation of dust storm material is mainly within 30cm.In the research to the dynamic condition wind-force of wind-sand activity, general dust storm wind-tunnel can simulate the wind speed of about 20-30m/s, higher wind friction velocity then blower fan power and wind tunnel body stability are difficult to reach test requirements document, and the wind-sand activity field real-time monitored under this wind friction velocity is relatively difficult.
For the wind-sand activity research of the special strong wind of certain areas, traditional test and scope seem helpless, and this strong wind district, NORTHWEST CHINA Gobi desert passed through in Lan-xing Railway the second double line engineering (Lanzhou-Xinjiang high ferro) is the most obvious.Such as in famous Bai Lifeng district, the train in advancing, up to more than 60m/s, can be turned over causing the accident by strong wind wind speed；The stream saltation height in Gobi desert itself is much larger than drift sand earth's surface, the sand material that this district's Gobi windy sand flow carries, the heavy protective equipment of Along Railway and the high windbreak of railway shoulder 3.3m can be crossed and be deposited near rail, affect train safe operation and be difficult to clean off.Special wind-sand activity under the windy conditions of this Gobi desert, has exceeded the scope of traditional dust storm scientific experimentation research, because of that powerful wind-force be various dust storm wind tunnel test all cannot stable simulation, and the height of grains of sand saltation is also considerably beyond the height of wind-tunnel；And actually under much wind friction velocities the grains of sand of certain size can saltation to great height, be also difficult to carry out observation in the wild when strong wind turbulent flow, it is impossible to grains of sand saltation is accurately corresponding with wind speed.
Not yet carry out at present both at home and abroad the research of the grains of sand saltation height that (namely exceeds well over traditional 20-30m/s wind speed research range) under windy conditions, and this research, it is not only the blank place of current dust storm research, the problem that the facilities and equipment sand storm protection such as Lanzhou-Xinjiang high ferro and similar vast Gobi Region traffic, the energy is in the urgent need to address especially, for adjusting existing sand storm protection Strategic Measures, maintaining circuit normal operation important in inhibiting.And carry out this work, it is desirable to be able to the quasi stationary strong wind of mould and stream condition, and saltating particle in higher range can be collected specific aim test and scope.
Summary of the invention
For current dust storm research field to the blank of saltating particle development test equipment under windy conditions, the purpose of the present invention aims to provide a kind of high speed dust storm saltation test observation system.Utilize this system, stable windy conditions can be created, simulation high speed winds sand drift impacts the saltation process after the Gobi desert gravel of different earth's surface and different angles, form, and collects the saltating particle on all height, it is thus achieved that the precise trajectory of grains of sand saltation when different wind speed, impact.This system principle is directly perceived, strong operability, and data result is reliable, is carry out the specific aim equipment of dust storm saltation research under windy conditions, the observational study of wind-sand activity under special power and land surface condition is had irreplaceable effect.
The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of high speed dust storm saltation test observation system, by power-equipment, pressure control pressure regulator valve, electromagnetic valve, time switch, the rifle that sandblasts, forms for husky device, testing stand, saltation sand-taped instrument.The husky device of pressure control pressure regulator valve, electromagnetic switch valve, time switch and confession is fixed on working panel jointly；Power-equipment is connected to the rifle that sandblasts with pressure control pressure regulator valve, electromagnetic valve successively by flexible pipe, time switch connects power supply, and be connected with power supply and electromagnetic valve respectively by wire, the sand inlet of the rifle that sandblasts connects for husky device, and testing stand occupy saltation collection Sha Qiyu and sandblasts between rifle.
Above-mentioned power-equipment working pressure range is at 8Bar(0.8MPa) more than, pressure regulation pneumatics valve working range is between 0-10Bar, the precision of time switch is the second, and the mouth that sandblasts is replaceable to regulate shower nozzle internal diameter, and sand collecting box totally gathers height and can change by adjusting the number of sand collecting box.
Advantages of the present invention and generation provide the benefit that:
From test simulation and observation two aspects, the beneficial effect of the uniqueness of native system, advantage and generation is summarized as follows:
1, the present invention can simulate generation > steady air flow of 150m/s and stream speed and continuously adjustabe, any existing dust storm research wind-tunnel all cannot realize, and thus can realize the accurate simulation of extreme wind condition leeward sand material saltation observation；
2, the present invention uses pressure control to adjust the pressure of valve regulation output gas flow, thus accurate Control experiment air-flow wind speed, and wind speed can reach desirable value in moment, it is not necessary to the shutdown of blower fan and restart process in tradition wind-tunnel；
3, the present invention uses time switch and electromagnetic valve to realize the opening and closing of system, is accurately controlled yardstick within the second action time of simulated wind-force, it is achieved it is accurate corresponding that wind speed is observed with saltation；
4, the saltation sand-taped instrument that the present invention uses is specifically designed for the wind-driven sediment of high saltation scope, gathers height and can constantly regulate collection height by the fixing groove of increase and sand collecting box number, position-movable, it is achieved comprehensively observing saltation particle；
5, test power-equipment involved in the present invention is connected with pressure control pressure regulator valve, electromagnetic valve and the rifle that sandblasts successively by flexible pipe, and observation part can independently be decomposed, and dismounts convenient laborsaving, total system Portable durable, it is simple to transport.
6, the actual test job of the present invention, prove that the wind condition scope of this system simulation is wide, the Research Requirements of extreme wind situation can be met, the wind-force that power-equipment provides is reliable and stable, test equipment is easy-to-use flexibly, it is achieved that strong wind condition, entirely tests scope, build easy-to-use designing requirement accurate, light.This system succeed in developing can not only hydrodynamics, aerodynamic, dust storm engineering research in play an important role, and can be used widely in the highway in extreme wind effect area, railway, the defending and controlling sand of energy facilities, also the research and development for the dust storm such as desertification, sandstorm and environmental area testing equipment from now on have certain practice significance and theoretical reference, have certain learning value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is present configuration schematic diagram.
Fig. 2 is mouthful 15cm place wind speed stability test result that sandblasts.
Fig. 3 is sandblast mouthful wind speed of 15cm place demarcation and a pressure corresponding relation.
Detailed description of the invention
In conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme is described further:
As it is shown in figure 1, a kind of high speed dust storm saltation test observation system, by power-equipment 1, pressure control pressure regulator valve 2, electromagnetic valve 3, time switch 4, the rifle 5 that sandblasts, form for husky device 6, testing stand 7, saltation sand-taped instrument 8.Pressure control pressure regulator valve 2, electromagnetic switch valve 3, time switch 4, sandblast rifle 5 and being jointly fixed on working panel for husky device 6；Saltation collection sand device 8 is made up of base, the fixing groove of Stackable type and multiple sand collecting box.Power-equipment 1 is connected to the rifle 5 that sandblasts with pressure control pressure regulator valve (2), electromagnetic valve (3) successively by flexible pipe, time switch 4 connects power supply, and be connected with power supply and electromagnetic valve 3 respectively by wire, the power-equipment 1 of power section is the air compressor having Self-pressurizing agri function；Pressure control pressure regulator valve 2 is knob；Electromagnetic valve 3 is normally closed type；The rifle 5 that sandblasts can rotate adjustment at vertical direction and sandblast bicker degree, and it connects for husky device 6 for husky mouth；Testing stand 7 occupy saltation collection sand device 8 and sandblasts between rifle 5.Saltation collection sand device 8 is Height Adjustable, position-movable；The sand collecting box center of the mouth that sandblasts of rifle 5, the center of testing stand 7 and saltation collection sand device 8 of sandblasting is in same vertical plane.
Above-mentioned power section power-equipment 1 can provide for the mouth that sandblasts > steady air flow of 150m/s and stream speed and continuously adjustabe, thus can realize the accurate simulation of extreme wind condition leeward sand material saltation observation.Power section is possess the air compressor of Self-pressurizing agri function, and working pressure range is at 8Bar(0.8MPa) more than, it is ensured that the compressed air pressure in running.Regulated the output pressure of power section by pressure control pressure regulator valve, range of accommodation is 0 to 10bar, thus controlling the wind speed of outlet, it is achieved the control to wind speed；Use time switch 4 to control connecting of the power section rifle 5 that sandblasts with the section of sandblasting with electromagnetic valve 3, be accurately controlled yardstick within the second action time of simulate wind-force, it is achieved wind speed, husky measure accurate corresponding with what saltation was observed；The power-equipment 1 of power section is connected to the rifle 5 that sandblasts with pressure control pressure regulator valve 2, electromagnetic valve 3 successively by internal diameter 5mm flexible pipe and joint, it may be achieved quick-speed plug, it is simple to operation is installed；Test section time switch 4 connects power supply, and be connected with power supply and electromagnetic valve 3 respectively by wire, the saltation collection sand device 8 base lower end level of test section, upper end are 25 ° of inclination angles, 4 universal wheels having latch functions mounted below, it is simple to motion direction, the fixing slot length of single sand collecting box is 1m, stackable, the fixing groove of bottom is vertically welded on base, and there is 15cm overlay region at two fixing trough connection places, and both sides are respectively fixed with 2 jackscrews；Sand collecting box uses the standard hollow square steel of width 5cm to tailor and forms, single sand collecting box length 25cm, side is the rhombus of 25 ° of being inclined upwardly, two ends height 5.5cm, wide 5cm, leading portion sand inlet is penetrating, rear end lower uses the sealing of rustless steel weld tabs, top is the ventilation mouth that 200 order steel wires cover, to reduce negative pressure, it is to avoid saltating particle deviates and cannot be caught by sand collecting box.Arranging after fixing groove, multiple sand collecting box sand inlets are parallel in vertical direction, it is achieved the collection completely to each height saltating particle.
In implementation process, first have to carry out the demarcation of wind speed:
In the present invention, use wind speed when Pitot tube measurement shower nozzle 15cm place's different pressures, speed calculation formula according to free jet, calculate the wind speed of other position on air-flow centrage, and calculate stream pressure value required during a certain wind speed needed for each position, use for other testing crews.Nozzle pluggage used is 6mm.
In calibration process, select the pressure condition of 1-4Bar, interval 0.5Bar, demarcate every time and continue 10 seconds, each pressure condition repeats 3 times, totally 7 groups of each air speed datas of 30 seconds, stablizing of inspection air outlet velocity, result is shown in Fig. 2, and obtains the corresponding relation (see figure 3) of pressure and wind speed.
As seen from Figure 2, each group wind speed result when different pressures is all highly stable, especially the result within each group, show to realize the various simulation stablizing wind speed, and only when 4Bar pressure, obtaining the air speed value (60m/s) more than the observation of field extreme condition from spout 15cm place, now the wind speed from spout 5cm place-centric line is 158m/s；The good correspondence of pressure and wind speed is confirmed further at Fig. 3, it is shown that pressure is very good with the linear corresponding relation of wind speed, and can by following relationship expression:
v=16.34p,R2=0.998(1)
Wherein v is wind speed m/s, p is pressure Bar.Therefore, vent wind speed can be controlled by the mode regulating compression pressure completely.
According to demarcating test result, use Circular Jet central speed formula, the wind speed of other position of lip jet centrage can be obtained, and then obtain pressure required during the different wind speed of each position acquirement in Table 1.
Table 1 obtains the force value needed for mouth (internal diameter 6mm) the different distance certain wind speed condition that sandblasts
In table 1, it is thus achieved that the pressure of diverse location and wind friction velocity, it is because test underlying surface used and barrier form, size would be likely to occur larger difference, so that have different distances from the mouth that sandblasts.
Jet centerline velocity formula is:
(2)
WhereinFor the wind speed of test position or any position,For spout outlet place wind speed,For test constant 0.07,For mouth of pipe distance,For mouth of pipe radius.
Contrast test is carried out by adjusting the factors such as wind speed, underlying surface, barrier angle.Before test, the barriers such as the underlying surface that testing stand is laid or Gobi desert gravel and saltation collection sand device 8 bottom sand collecting box lower end are adjusted sustained height；Measure the distance of the husky device front end of collection and stream Contact-impact face；Often after group test, taking off whole sand collecting box, the saltation height that the sand collecting box place height of the grains of sand is under this condition a certain distance grains of sand is collected in the top, all containing the vertical distribution that sand amount result is saltation dust storm material of husky sand collecting box；By the position of mobile set sand device and carry out repeated trials, the complete trajectory of each height of saltation material, distance can be obtained.
System components all can be dismantled flexibly, simple and convenient assembly, and a people can complete test and the whole process of test.
Claims (3)
1. a high speed dust storm saltation test observation system, successively by power section (1), pressure control pressure regulator valve (2), electromagnetic valve (3), time switch (4), the rifle that sandblasts (5), form for husky device (6), testing stand (7), saltation sand-taped instrument (8), power section (1) is by hose connection between the rifle that sandblasts (5), and pressure control pressure regulator valve (2), electromagnetic switch valve (3), time switch (4), the rifle that sandblasts (5), the husky device (6) of confession are fixed on working panel jointly；It is characterized in that: connect power supply by time switch (4)；The rifle (5) that sandblasts can rotate adjustment at vertical direction and sandblast bicker degree, and the mouth that sandblasts is replaceable, and it connects for husky device (6) for husky mouth；Testing stand (7) is Height Adjustable, position-movable；Saltation collection sand device (8) is made up of base, the fixing groove of Stackable type and multiple sand collecting box；The sand collecting box center of the mouth that sandblasts of rifle (5), the center of testing stand (7) and saltation collection sand device (8) of sandblasting is in same vertical plane.
2. a kind of high speed dust storm saltation test observation system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: above-mentioned power-equipment (1) is the air compressor having Self-pressurizing agri function, and its working pressure range is 8-10Bar.
3. a kind of high speed dust storm saltation test observation system according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: above-mentioned pressure control pressure regulator valve (2) is knob, and its working range is between 0-10Bar.
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Cited By (4)
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| CN107894321A (en) * | 2017-11-29 | 2018-04-10 | 兰州大学 | A kind of controllable individual particle grains of sand transmitter of pneumatic type |
| CN111929028A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-11-13 | 海南大学 | On-site actual measurement system and method for measuring wind-blown sand flow field and wind-blown sand load of building |
| CN112485180A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-03-12 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Sand collector system for determining wind erosion rate and method for determining wind erosion rate |
| CN113109226A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-13 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Snow particle concentration measuring device and measuring method |
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Cited By (5)
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| CN111929028A (en) * | 2020-09-25 | 2020-11-13 | 海南大学 | On-site actual measurement system and method for measuring wind-blown sand flow field and wind-blown sand load of building |
| CN112485180A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-03-12 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Sand collector system for determining wind erosion rate and method for determining wind erosion rate |
| CN112485180B (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2022-04-15 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Sand collector system for determining wind erosion rate and method for determining wind erosion rate |
| CN113109226A (en) * | 2021-05-18 | 2021-07-13 | 中国铁路设计集团有限公司 | Snow particle concentration measuring device and measuring method |
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Application publication date: 20160713 |