CN209855955U - Low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade - Google Patents
Low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade Download PDFInfo
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- CN209855955U CN209855955U CN201920402505.9U CN201920402505U CN209855955U CN 209855955 U CN209855955 U CN 209855955U CN 201920402505 U CN201920402505 U CN 201920402505U CN 209855955 U CN209855955 U CN 209855955U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Abstract
The utility model relates to a low wind speed high performance wind energy conversion system blade, this wind energy conversion system blade divide into 20 sections along the leaf exhibition, totally 21 cross-sections, just: the chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section; the airfoil thickness gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section. Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages of the wind energy utilization coefficient is high.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a wind energy conversion system blade especially relates to a low wind speed high performance wind energy conversion system blade.
Background
At present, the industry generally considers that low wind speed wind power is wind power with annual average wind speed of 5.3-6.5 m/s and annual utilization hours of below 2000h at the central height of a hub of a wind turbine generator, and the frequency of the wind speed of 3-7m/s is higher in one year. The development and utilization of the current wind power project mainly face to a high wind speed wind field and mainly focus on high wind speed areas with rich wind energy resources, but the wind energy of the areas can be developed to be relatively narrow. With the rapid development of wind power installations in recent years, the development and utilization of high-wind-speed wind farms tend to be saturated.
However, the efficiency of the existing wind turbine blades at low wind speeds is not good.
The key of the development and utilization of the low wind speed wind energy resources is to develop a high-performance low wind speed wind turbine blade. The low wind speed wind resource area needs a larger wind sweeping area and a higher tower to obtain enough wind energy compared with the high wind speed wind turbine because the wind energy density is lower. At present, the research and development of low-wind-speed wind turbines are still in a starting stage, and are mostly improved by measures such as lengthening blades, increasing the diameter of a wind wheel, increasing the height of a tower barrel and the like on the basis of the original high-wind-speed wind turbine type. The model improved by simply increasing the height of the wind wheel and the tower can obtain certain wind energy at low wind speed, but the wind energy utilization coefficient is low (generally 4.0-4.5), and the requirement of low wind speed resource development cannot be really met.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at providing a low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade in order to overcome the defects of the prior art.
The purpose of the utility model can be realized through the following technical scheme:
a low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade, the wind turbine blade is divided into 20 sections along the blade span, total 21 cross sections, and:
the chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section;
the airfoil thickness gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section.
The distance between the sections is equal.
Of the 21 sections, the thickness of the airfoil is equal from the 15 th section to the 21 st section.
The airfoil thickness from the 15 th section to the 21 st section is 15% of the airfoil thickness of the first section.
In the 21 cross sections, the installation torsion angles are all 5 degrees from the first cross section to the 5 th cross section.
The airfoil profile arrangement of the 21 sections and the chord length and torsion angle values of each section are as follows:
| section numbering | Leaf height position (leaf height/radius) | Mounting twist angle/° | Chord length/m | Airfoil thickness/%) |
| 1 | 0 | 12.31 | 2.00 | 100 |
| 2 | 0.05 | 12.31 | 2.034 | 98.2 |
| 3 | 0.1 | 12.31 | 2.795 | 63.5 |
| 4 | 0.15 | 12.31 | 3.5470 | 39.1 |
| 5 | 0.20 | 12.31 | 3.736 | 30.0 |
| 6 | 0.25 | 9.48 | 3.571 | 28.4 |
| 7 | 0.30 | 7.93 | 3.279 | 25.5 |
| 8 | 0.35 | 6.82 | 2.959 | 23.8 |
| 9 | 0.40 | 5.97 | 2.654 | 23.3 |
| 10 | 0.45 | 5.23 | 2.383 | 22.7 |
| 11 | 0.50 | 4.57 | 2.144 | 22.2 |
| 12 | 0.55 | 3.96 | 1.929 | 21.7 |
| 13 | 0.60 | 3.37 | 1.745 | 21.2 |
| 14 | 0.65 | 2.80 | 1.586 | 16.7 |
| 15 | 0.70 | 2.22 | 1.440 | 15.0 |
| 16 | 0.75 | 1.65 | 1.320 | 15.0 |
| 17 | 0.80 | 1.07 | 1.203 | 15.0 |
| 18 | 0.85 | 0.47 | 1.103 | 15.0 |
| 19 | 0.90 | -0.14 | 1.005 | 15.0 |
| 20 | 0.95 | -0.77 | 0.910 | 15.0 |
| 21 | 1 | -1.42 | 0.815 | 15.0 |
Compared with the prior art, the utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
1) the wind energy utilization coefficient is high: according to the low-wind-speed wind turbine blade, the special airfoil profile with good air performance at low wind speed is selected, and the blade has the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient of 0.518 when the tip speed ratio lambda is 9.7 through reasonable arrangement of the airfoil profile along the blade span and design of the optimal chord length and torsion angle of each section.
2) The applicable annual average wind speed is lower: the low-wind-speed blade can achieve rated power operation in a wind resource area with annual average wind speed not lower than 5.3m/s above the height of the hub.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of 21 cross-sections;
fig. 3 is a variable speed and pitch curve diagram of the low wind speed wind turbine suitable for the low wind speed blade of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a flowchart of the genetic algorithm procedure used in the blade optimization design of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a graph of the output power and the wind speed of the low wind speed wind turbine to which the low wind speed blade of the present invention is applied.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the wind energy utilization coefficient and tip speed ratio of the low wind speed wind turbine blade of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments. The embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments.
A low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade is shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, which is divided into 20 segments along the span of the blade, and 21 sections, and the blade is shaped by 5 types of special wind turbine airfoils with relative thicknesses of 30%, 24%, 21%, 18% and 15%, respectively, and:
the chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section;
the airfoil thickness gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section.
The distance between the sections is equal.
Of the 21 sections, the airfoil thickness is equal from the 15 th section to the 21 st section.
The airfoil thickness from the 15 th section to the 21 st section is 15% of the airfoil thickness of the first section.
Of the 21 sections, the first section is up to the 5 th section, and the installation torsion angles are all 5 degrees.
The airfoil profile arrangement of 21 sections and the chord length and torsion angle values of each section are as follows:
TABLE 1
The blade is suitable for a low-wind-speed horizontal shaft wind turbine with rated power of 1MW, and the wind turbine is suitable for operating in a low-wind-speed resource area with annual average wind speed of 5.2-5.5 m/s above the height of a hub. The utility model discloses a low wind speed wind energy conversion system blade has higher aerodynamic performance, and the biggest wind energy utilization coefficient reaches 0.518. The wind turbine adopts a power regulation mode of variable speed and variable pitch.
The calculated variable speed and pitch curve of the wind power regulation is shown in fig. 3. And keeping the pitch angle unchanged from the cut-in wind speed, and carrying out variable speed control on the rotating speed of the wind wheel according to a rotating speed curve shown in the figure so that the wind turbine operates at the blade tip speed ratio with the maximum wind energy utilization coefficient. The wind speed is increased to 7.5m/s, after the wind turbine reaches the rated power, the rotating speed is kept unchanged, the blades change the pitch according to the pitch angle curve in the drawing, and the power is kept constant at the rated power.
The shape determination process of the wind turbine blade is as follows
The rated wind speed of the low wind speed wind turbine is preliminarily determined according to the annual average wind speed on the height of the hub and a related empirical formula. Then, the diameter of the wind turbine is calculated according to the rated power and the rated wind speed.
The blade is divided into 20 sections along the span of the blade, the total number of the sections is 21, and the blade is modeled by 5 special airfoil profiles of the wind turbine with the relative thicknesses of 30%, 24%, 21%, 18% and 15%.
And calculating the chord length and the torsion angle of 21 section airfoils of the blade to establish the initial aerodynamic profile of the blade. And (3) taking the initial shape of the blade as constraint, and adopting a genetic algorithm to carry out global search and optimization on the distribution of the airfoil profile along the blade span and the chord length and torsion angle of each section.
Specifically, the design parameters of the blade are determined as follows:
(1) determination of the rated wind speed
The wind speed distribution of the wind energy resource area suitable for the low-wind-speed wind turbine blade is that the annual average wind speed at the height of the hub is 5.2-6.0 m/s, and the rated wind speed is determined by an empirical formula (1):
Vr＝1.3(1+Vavg) (1)
wherein, VrRated wind speed; vavgIs the average wind speed of the local year.
(2) Calculation of the diameter D of the rotor
The diameter of the rotor can be calculated by:
wherein, P is rated power; rho is the air density under the standard state, and 1.225kg/m is taken3；CpThe wind energy utilization coefficient; eta1For transmission system efficiency; eta2Is the generator efficiency.
The initial profile of the blade is designed as follows
According to the general principle that the blade airfoil profiles are distributed along the blade span, the airfoil profiles selected by design are arranged along the blade span, the chord length and the twist angle value of each section airfoil profile are calculated, and the parameters of the initial shape of the blade are obtained and are shown in the table 2.
TABLE 2 initial design of blade airfoil parameters for each section
And finally, optimally designing the shape of the blade by using a genetic algorithm, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) determination of an optimization objective function
For the wind turbine controlled by variable speed and variable pitch, when the wind turbine operates below the rated wind speed, the control system can make the wind turbine operate at the corresponding maximum wind energy utilization coefficient C by changing the rotating speed of the wind wheelPThe wind turbine has a larger wind energy utilization coefficient under the blade tip speed ratio, namely, the wind turbine keeps the operation of the optimal blade tip speed ratio. Therefore, the utility model discloses with cut-in wind speed to the wind energy utilization coefficient maximum of wind energy of the wind turbine under the rated wind speed within range optimize the target.
Wherein: lambda is tip speed ratio
(2) Optimizing variables and constraints
The aerodynamic profile of the wind turbine blade is determined by the distribution of the airfoil profile along the spanwise direction and the chord length and the twist angle of each section airfoil profile. The design variables are therefore the chord length, twist angle and relative thickness of each section. In order to continuously and smoothly distribute parameters such as chord length, torsion angle and relative thickness of each section of the blade along the spanwise direction, Bezier curves are adopted to define the distribution of the chord length, the torsion angle and the relative thickness.
The mathematical expression of the Bezier curve is:
in the formula, PiIs a position vector of each vertex, Bi,n(t) is a Bernstein function.
The constraint equation for the control points is:
in the formula, ccpi(i 1, 2.., 8) is a chord length control point; beta is acpi(i ═ 1, 2.., 5) is the twist angle control point; r iscpi(i 1, 2.., 5) is a relative thickness control point; c. CrootThe diameter of the cross-sectional circle of the cylindrical section of the blade root, cminAnd cmaxSetting the minimum chord length and the maximum chord length of the defined blade airfoil respectively by referring to the initially designed blade; beta is aminAnd betamaxRespectively setting a minimum torsion angle and a maximum torsion angle of the defined blade airfoil by referring to the initially designed blade; r isminThe minimum blade height position of the airfoil is used for the blade section, and R is the blade radius.
(3) Implementation of leaf optimization genetic algorithm program
The utility model discloses a self-adaptation genetic algorithm compiles blade optimal design procedure, and the calculation obtains each section airfoil parameter of optimal blade and exports as shown in table 1, and genetic algorithm procedure flow is shown in figure 4.
After the optimized aerodynamic profile parameters of the low-wind-speed blade are obtained, the aerodynamic performance of the low-wind-speed blade is calculated, and the initial result is obtained as follows:
fig. 5 is a graph of the output power and the wind speed of the low wind speed wind turbine to which the low wind speed blade of the present invention is applied.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing the wind energy utilization coefficient and tip speed ratio of the low wind speed wind turbine blade of the present invention.
As can be seen from FIG. 5, the cut-in wind speed of the low wind speed wind turbine is 3m/s, the rated wind speed is 7.5m/s, the rated power is 1MW, when the wind speed is greater than 7.5m/s, the wind turbine keeps the rated power running, and the cut-out wind speed is 22 m/s.
As can be seen from fig. 6, the low wind speed blade of the present invention has a maximum wind energy utilization coefficient of 0.518 when the tip speed ratio λ is 9.7. Compare with the biggest wind energy utilization coefficient 4.0 ~ 4.5 that has in the interval of sharp velocity ratio 7 ~ 8 of common low wind speed wind energy conversion system, the utility model discloses low wind speed blade has higher aerodynamic performance under high apex velocity ratio (low wind speed).
Claims (6)
1. A low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade is characterized in that the wind turbine blade is divided into 20 sections along the span of the blade, and the 21 sections are total, and:
the chord length gradually increases from the first section to the fifth section, and gradually decreases from the fifth section to the 21 st section;
the airfoil thickness gradually decreases from the first section to the 21 st section.
2. The wind turbine blade of claim 1, wherein the sections are equally spaced.
3. The wind turbine blade of claim 1, wherein the airfoil profiles of the 21 sections have the same thickness from the 15 th section to the 21 st section.
4. The wind turbine blade of claim 3, wherein the thickness of the airfoil section from the 15 th section to the 21 st section is 15% of the thickness of the airfoil section of the first section.
5. The wind turbine blade with low wind speed and high performance as claimed in claim 1, wherein the installation torsion angles of the 21 sections from the first section to the 5 th section are all 5 °.
6. The wind turbine blade with low wind speed and high performance as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the airfoil profile arrangement of 21 sections and the chord length and twist angle of each section have the following values:
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| CN201920402505.9U CN209855955U (en) | 2019-03-27 | 2019-03-27 | Low wind speed high performance wind turbine blade |
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| CN209855955U true CN209855955U (en) | 2019-12-27 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109899229A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-18 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of low wind speed high-performance pneumatic equipment bladess |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109899229A (en) * | 2019-03-27 | 2019-06-18 | 上海电力学院 | A kind of low wind speed high-performance pneumatic equipment bladess |
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| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
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Address after: 200090 No. 2103, Pingliang Road, Shanghai, Yangpu District Patentee after: Shanghai Electric Power University Address before: 200090 No. 2103, Pingliang Road, Shanghai, Yangpu District Patentee before: SHANGHAI University OF ELECTRIC POWER |
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| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract | ||
| EE01 | Entry into force of recordation of patent licensing contract |
Assignee: Shanghai Shenxi Technology Development Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Shanghai Electric Power University Contract record no.: X2023310000105 Denomination of utility model: A Low Wind Speed High Performance Wind Turbine Blade Granted publication date: 20191227 License type: Common License Record date: 20230621 |