CN209838423U - Oversized section tunnel supporting structure - Google Patents
Oversized section tunnel supporting structure Download PDFInfo
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- CN209838423U CN209838423U CN201920240672.8U CN201920240672U CN209838423U CN 209838423 U CN209838423 U CN 209838423U CN 201920240672 U CN201920240672 U CN 201920240672U CN 209838423 U CN209838423 U CN 209838423U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a super large section tunnel supporting construction relates to tunnel engineering construction technical field. The novel guide tunnel comprises a left guide tunnel, a middle guide tunnel and a right guide tunnel, wherein the left guide tunnel, the middle guide tunnel and the right guide tunnel are sequentially arranged along the width direction of an oversized section, the left guide tunnel comprises a left guide tunnel upper step and a left guide tunnel lower step, the left guide tunnel upper step is positioned above the left guide tunnel lower step, the middle guide tunnel comprises a middle guide tunnel upper step, a middle guide tunnel middle step and a middle guide tunnel lower step, the middle guide tunnel upper step, the middle guide tunnel middle step and the middle guide tunnel lower step are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the middle guide tunnel, a temporary vertical support is arranged in the middle guide tunnel upper step, the right guide tunnel comprises a right guide tunnel upper step and a right guide tunnel lower step, and the right guide tunnel upper step is positioned above the right guide tunnel lower step. The supporting structure of the tunnel with the super-large section provided by the utility model is flexible in construction and wide in application range; the temporary vertical support is arranged, so that the safety of middle pilot tunnel construction can be improved, and the engineering safety risk is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The embodiment of the utility model provides a relate to tunnel engineering construction technical field, especially relate to a super large section tunnel supporting construction.
Background
At present, the problem of traffic jam is always a great trouble in urban people's life, and interchange can avoid the time limitation of traffic lights, and simultaneously ensure that traffic flows in all directions are smooth and do not interfere with each other, thus fundamentally eliminating the trouble caused by plane intersection and embodying great superiority in solving the problem of urban traffic jam. However, the interchange has large floor area, and the city is a place with little earth, so various underground intercommunicating forms can be carried out at the same time.
The tunnel section size of the branch section of the underground intercommunication main line and the ramp is often very big, according to similar engineering cases in China, the excavation span can reach 25 m-30 m, after the tunnel is excavated, the surrounding rock of the arch part is settled under the dead weight pressure, so that the surrounding rock of the side wall part is pressed, along with the increase of the excavation section, the deformation and relaxation effect of the surrounding rock are obvious, the surrounding rock is not easy to form an arch and collapse, the self-bearing capacity of the surrounding rock is difficult to exert, the tunnel construction difficulty is greatly increased, the risk is high, and once an accident occurs, the quality, the safety and the progress of the engineering can be seriously influenced, and even huge economic loss is caused.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Technical problem to be solved
The utility model aims at providing a super large section tunnel supporting construction to it is low to solve current supporting construction security, the high problem of engineering risk.
(II) technical scheme
In order to solve the technical problem, the utility model provides a super large section tunnel supporting construction, including left pilot tunnel, well pilot tunnel and right pilot tunnel, a left side pilot tunnel well pilot tunnel with right side pilot tunnel sets up along super large sectional width direction in order, left side pilot tunnel includes left pilot tunnel upper step and left pilot tunnel lower step, left side pilot tunnel upper step is located the top of left side pilot tunnel lower step, well pilot tunnel includes well pilot tunnel upper step, well pilot tunnel middle step and well pilot tunnel lower step, well pilot tunnel upper step well pilot tunnel middle step with well pilot tunnel lower step is followed the direction of height of well pilot tunnel sets up in order be provided with interim perpendicular support in the well pilot tunnel upper step, right side pilot tunnel includes right pilot tunnel upper step and right pilot tunnel lower step, right side pilot tunnel upper step is located the top of right side pilot tunnel lower step.
The left pilot tunnel upper step comprises a left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, a left pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support, a left pilot tunnel advance support, a left pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and a left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch, the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, the left pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and the left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch are sequentially connected, the left pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support is located on the inner side of the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, and the left pilot tunnel advance support is located on the outer side of the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support.
The temporary primary support of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel is arched, and the sunken direction of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel faces to the middle pilot tunnel.
The left pilot tunnel lower step comprises a left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support, a left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support and a left pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support, the left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support and the left pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support are connected into a whole, the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support and the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support are connected into a whole, the left pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support and the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support are sequentially connected with the left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch, and the left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support is laid on the inner side of the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support.
The right pilot tunnel upper step support comprises a right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, a right pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support, a right pilot tunnel advance support, a right pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and a right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch, the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, the right pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and the right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch are sequentially connected end to end, the right pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support is located on the inner side of the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, and the right pilot tunnel advance support is located on the outer side of the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support.
The right pilot tunnel lower step support comprises a right pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support, a right pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support and a right pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support, the right pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support and the right pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support are connected into a whole, the right pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support and the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support are connected into a whole, and the right pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support and the right pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support are sequentially connected with the right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch.
The middle pilot tunnel upper step comprises a middle pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, a middle pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support and a middle pilot tunnel advance support, the middle pilot tunnel advance support is located on the outer side of the middle pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, the middle pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support is located on the inner side of the middle pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, and the temporary vertical support extends along the height direction of the middle pilot tunnel upper step.
The middle guide hole middle step comprises a middle step temporary inverted arch, one end of the middle step temporary inverted arch is connected with the left guide hole, and the other end of the middle step temporary inverted arch is connected with the right guide hole.
The left pilot tunnel and the right pilot tunnel have the same excavation section area and respectively occupy 0.2-0.3 of the excavation section of the whole tunnel, the left pilot tunnel is divided into two equal parts along the height direction by the left pilot tunnel upper step and the left pilot tunnel lower step, the right pilot tunnel is divided into two equal parts along the height direction by the right pilot tunnel upper step and the right pilot tunnel lower step, and the middle pilot tunnel is divided into three equal parts along the height direction by the middle pilot tunnel upper step, the middle pilot tunnel middle step and the middle pilot tunnel middle step.
(III) advantageous effects
The utility model provides a tunnel supporting structure with an ultra-large section, which divides three pilot tunnels of a left pilot tunnel, a middle pilot tunnel and a right pilot tunnel along the width direction of the section, wherein the left pilot tunnel and the right pilot tunnel respectively comprise two steps along the height direction of the section, and the middle pilot tunnel comprises three steps, thereby dividing the ultra-large section into seven small sections for construction respectively, being convenient for flexible construction and having wide application range; meanwhile, temporary vertical supports are arranged in the excavation process of the middle pilot tunnel, so that the construction safety of the middle pilot tunnel can be effectively improved, and the engineering safety risk is reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a supporting structure of an oversized-section tunnel according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a structural diagram of the ultra-large section tunnel supporting structure of FIG. 1 after a first construction step;
FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of the ultra-large cross-section tunnel supporting structure of FIG. 1 after the second construction;
FIG. 4 is a structural diagram of the ultra-large section tunnel supporting structure of FIG. 1 after a third construction step;
FIG. 5 is a structural diagram of the ultra-large section tunnel supporting structure of FIG. 1 after the fourth construction step;
fig. 6 is a structural diagram of the ultra-large section tunnel supporting structure in fig. 1 after the fifth construction step;
fig. 7 is a structural diagram of the ultra-large section tunnel supporting structure in fig. 1 after the sixth construction step;
fig. 8 is a structural diagram of the ultra-large section tunnel supporting structure in fig. 1 after the seventh construction step.
In the figure: 10. a left pilot hole; 11. a step is arranged on the left pilot tunnel; 111. a first layer of permanent primary support of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel; 112. a second layer of permanent primary support of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel; 113. a left pilot tunnel is supported in advance; 114. temporarily and primarily supporting an upper step of the left pilot tunnel; 115. a left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch; 12. a left pilot tunnel lower step; 121. a first layer of permanent primary support of a lower step of the left pilot tunnel; 122. a second layer of permanent primary support of the lower step of the left pilot tunnel; 123. temporarily and primarily supporting a lower step of the left pilot tunnel; 20. a middle pilot hole; 21. a middle pilot tunnel upper step; 211. a first layer of permanent primary support of the upper step of the middle pilot tunnel; 212. a second layer of permanent primary support of the upper step of the middle pilot tunnel; 213. advanced support of a middle pilot tunnel; 22. a middle guide hole middle step; 221. a middle pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch; 23. a middle pilot tunnel lower step; 231. a first layer of permanent primary support of a lower step of the middle pilot tunnel; 232. a second layer of permanent primary support of the lower step of the middle pilot tunnel; 24. temporary vertical bracing; 30. a right pilot hole; 31. a step is arranged on the right pilot tunnel; 311. a first layer of permanent primary support of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel; 312. a second layer of permanent primary support of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel; 313. the right pilot tunnel is supported in advance; 314. temporarily and primarily supporting an upper step of the right pilot tunnel; 315. a right guide hole temporary inverted arch; 32. a right pilot tunnel lower step; 321. a first layer of permanent primary support of a lower step of the right pilot tunnel; 322. a second layer of permanent primary support of a lower step of the right pilot tunnel; 323. and (5) temporarily and primarily supporting the step under the right pilot tunnel.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it is to be noted that, unless otherwise explicitly specified or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
The embodiment of the utility model provides a super large section tunnel supporting construction, as shown in fig. 1, including left pilot tunnel 10, well pilot tunnel 20 and right pilot tunnel 30, left pilot tunnel 10, well pilot tunnel 20 set up along sectional width direction with right pilot tunnel 30 in order, and left pilot tunnel 10 includes left pilot tunnel upper step 11 and is located left pilot tunnel lower step 12 of 11 below of left pilot tunnel upper step, two steps about falling into. The middle pilot hole 20 comprises a middle pilot hole upper step 21, a middle pilot hole middle step 22 and a middle pilot hole lower step 23, the middle pilot hole upper step 21, the middle pilot hole middle step 22 and the middle pilot hole lower step 23 are sequentially arranged from top to bottom along the height direction of the middle pilot hole 20, the middle pilot hole 20 is divided into three steps, and a temporary vertical support 24 is arranged in the middle pilot hole upper step 21; the right pilot hole 30 includes a right pilot hole upper step 31 and a right pilot hole lower step 32 located below the right pilot hole upper step 31, and divides the right pilot hole 30 into upper and lower steps.
In the construction process, the excavation of the right pilot tunnel 30 is started after the left pilot tunnel 10 is excavated by 10m to 18m, namely the excavation of the right pilot tunnel 30 lags behind the excavation of the left pilot tunnel 10 by 10m to 18 m; and after the right pilot tunnel 30 is excavated by 10 m-18 m, the middle pilot tunnel 20 is excavated, namely, the excavation of the middle pilot tunnel 20 lags behind the excavation of the right pilot tunnel 30 by 10 m-18 m. Specifically, the excavation of the right pilot tunnel 30 may be performed after 15m of the left pilot tunnel 10 is excavated, and the middle pilot tunnel 20 may be excavated after 15m of the right pilot tunnel 30 is excavated. The excavation of the left pilot tunnel upper step 11 is 3 m-5 m ahead of that of the left pilot tunnel lower step 12, namely, the left pilot tunnel lower step 12 is excavated after the left pilot tunnel upper step 11 is excavated by 3m, 4m or 5 m; excavating an upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel for 3 m-5 m, excavating a middle step 22 of the middle pilot tunnel, excavating the middle step 22 of the middle pilot tunnel for 3 m-5 m, and excavating a lower step 23 of the middle pilot tunnel; excavating 3 m-5 m of the upper right pilot tunnel step 31, and then excavating a lower right pilot tunnel step 32; the temporary vertical braces 24 are removed before the step 22 in the pilot tunnel is excavated.
According to the supporting structure of the tunnel with the ultra-large section, three pilot tunnels, namely the left pilot tunnel 10, the middle pilot tunnel 20 and the right pilot tunnel 30, are arranged along the width direction of the section, the left pilot tunnel 10 and the right pilot tunnel 30 respectively comprise two steps along the height direction of the section, and the middle pilot tunnel 20 comprises three steps, so that the ultra-large section is divided into seven small sections for construction respectively, flexible construction is facilitated, and the application range is wide; meanwhile, the temporary vertical supports 24 are arranged in the excavation process of the middle pilot tunnel 20, so that the construction safety of the middle pilot tunnel 20 can be effectively improved, and the engineering safety risk is reduced.
Specifically, the left pilot hole upper step 11 includes a left pilot hole upper step first-layer permanent primary support 111, a left pilot hole upper step second-layer permanent primary support 112, a left pilot hole forepoling 113, a left pilot hole upper step temporary primary support 114, and a left pilot hole temporary inverted arch 115. The first layer permanent primary support 111 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel is positioned at the outer side of the second layer permanent primary support 112 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, the first layer permanent primary support 111 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel and the second layer permanent primary support 112 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel are both arc-shaped convex structures, the advanced support 113 of the left pilot tunnel is positioned at the outer side of the first layer permanent primary support 111 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, and the first layer permanent primary support 111 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, the temporary primary support 114 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel and the temporary inverted arch 115 of the left pilot tunnel are sequentially connected end to form a shape similar. It should be noted that the inner side refers to a side facing the inside of the left pilot hole 10, and the outer side refers to a side facing away from the inside of the left pilot hole 10. And after the first layer of permanent primary support 111 on the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, the temporary primary support 114 on the upper step of the left pilot tunnel and the temporary inverted arch 115 of the left pilot tunnel are constructed, a second layer of permanent primary support 112 on the upper step of the left pilot tunnel is paved on the inner side of the first layer of permanent primary support 111 on the upper step of the left pilot tunnel. Wherein, the temporary primary support 114 of the upper step of the left pilot hole is arched and is concave towards the direction of the middle pilot hole 20.
Starting the excavation engineering of the left pilot tunnel lower step 12 after the left pilot tunnel upper step 11 is excavated for 10m to 18m, specifically, the left pilot tunnel lower step 12 comprises a left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support 121, a left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support 122 and a left pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support 123, the left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support 122 is positioned at the inner side of the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support 121, wherein the left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support 122 and the left pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support 112 are connected into a whole, the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support 121 and the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support 111 are connected into a whole, the left pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support 123, the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support 121 and the left pilot tunnel temporary arch 115 form a square support structure, wherein the left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support 122 is laid on the left pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support 123 and the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer temporary support 121 The inner side of the first layer of permanent primary support 121 of the lower step of the pilot tunnel; the first layer permanent primary support 121 of the left pilot hole lower step and the second layer permanent primary support 122 of the left pilot hole lower step have the same structure and are in an L shape with smooth transition.
The left pilot hole temporary inverted arch 115 bisects the left pilot hole 10 in the height direction, that is, the height of the left pilot hole upper step 11 is equal to that of the left pilot hole lower step 12.
Specifically, the framework of the right pilot hole 30 is the same as that of the left pilot hole 10, and the cross-sectional areas of the two are the same, and respectively account for 1/4 of the cross-sectional area of the oversized cross section; the central pilot hole 20 is located in the middle and has a cross-sectional area 1/2 which is the area of the super-large cross-sectional area. Of course, the cross-sectional areas of the left pilot hole 10 and the right pilot hole 20 may also respectively occupy 0.2 or 0.3 of the cross-sectional area of the oversized end face, as long as the cross-sectional area of the middle pilot hole 20 is ensured to be the largest of the three pilot pits. Specifically, the right pilot tunnel upper step 31 includes a right pilot tunnel upper step first-layer permanent primary support 311, a right pilot tunnel upper step second-layer permanent primary support 312, a right pilot tunnel forepoling 313, a right pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support 314, and a right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch 315. The first layer permanent primary support 311 of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel is positioned at the outer side of the second layer permanent primary support 312 of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel, the advanced support 313 of the right pilot tunnel is positioned at the outer side of the first layer permanent primary support 311 of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel, and the first layer permanent primary support 311 of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel, the temporary primary support 314 of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel and the temporary inverted arch 315 of the right pilot tunnel are sequentially connected end to form a shape similar to a triangle. And after the first layer of permanent primary support 311 on the upper step of the right pilot tunnel, the temporary primary support 314 on the upper step of the right pilot tunnel and the temporary inverted arch 315 of the right pilot tunnel are constructed, a second layer of permanent primary support 312 on the upper step of the right pilot tunnel is laid on the inner side of the first layer of permanent primary support 311 on the upper step of the right pilot tunnel. The right pilot hole upper step primary support 314 is arched and is concave toward the middle pilot hole 20. The right pilot tunnel upper step 31 and the left pilot tunnel upper step 11 are symmetrically arranged about the central line of the oversized section.
Specifically, the right pilot hole lower step 32 includes a right pilot hole lower step first layer permanent primary support 321, a right pilot hole lower step second layer permanent primary support 322, and a right pilot hole lower step temporary primary support 323, the right pilot hole lower step second layer permanent primary support 322 is located at the inner side of the right pilot hole lower step first layer permanent primary support 321, wherein the second layer permanent primary support 322 of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel is connected with the second layer permanent primary support 312 of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel into a whole, the first layer permanent primary support 321 of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel is connected with the first layer permanent primary support 311 of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel into a whole, the temporary primary support 323 of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel, the first layer permanent primary support 321 of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel and the temporary inverted arch 315 of the right pilot tunnel are connected end to form a square supporting structure, and the second layer permanent primary support 322 of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel is laid on the inner side of the first layer permanent primary support 321 of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel after the construction of the temporary primary support 323 of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel and the first layer permanent primary support 321 of.
The right temporary tunnel invert 315 and the left temporary tunnel invert 115 are at the same height, and the right temporary tunnel invert 315 bisects the right tunnel 30 in the height direction, that is, the height of the right tunnel upper step 31 is equal to that of the right tunnel lower step 32.
Specifically, the middle pilot tunnel upper step 21 comprises a middle pilot tunnel upper step first-layer permanent primary support 211, a middle pilot tunnel upper step second-layer permanent primary support 212 and a middle pilot tunnel advance support 213, the middle pilot tunnel advance support 213 is located on the outer side of the middle pilot tunnel upper step first-layer permanent primary support 211, the middle pilot tunnel upper step second-layer permanent primary support 212 is located on the inner side of the middle pilot tunnel upper step first-layer permanent primary support 211, the temporary vertical support 24 extends along the height direction of the middle pilot tunnel upper step 21, and the temporary vertical support 24 is removed before the middle pilot tunnel middle step 22 is excavated. The middle pilot hole middle step 22 includes a middle pilot hole temporary invert 221, and the middle pilot hole temporary invert 221 has one end connected to the left pilot hole temporary invert 115 and the other end connected to the right pilot hole temporary invert 315.
After excavating 3 m-5 m along with the middle pilot tunnel middle step 22, excavating the middle pilot tunnel lower step 23, wherein the middle pilot tunnel lower step 23 comprises a middle pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support 231 and a middle pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support 232. One end of the first layer permanent primary support 231 of the lower step of the middle pilot hole is connected with the first layer permanent primary support 121 of the lower step of the left pilot hole, and the other end is connected with the first layer permanent primary support 321 of the lower step of the right pilot hole. The second layer permanent primary support 232 of the lower step of the middle pilot hole is positioned at the inner side of the first layer permanent primary support 231 of the lower step of the middle pilot hole, one end of the second layer permanent primary support 232 is connected with the second layer permanent primary support 122 of the lower step of the left pilot hole, and the other end is connected with the second layer permanent primary support 322 of the lower step of the right pilot hole. Therefore, a first layer of permanent primary support 111 on the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, a first layer of permanent primary support 121 on the lower step of the left pilot tunnel, a first layer of permanent primary support 231 on the lower step of the middle pilot tunnel, a first layer of permanent primary support 321 on the lower step of the right pilot tunnel, a first layer of permanent primary support 311 on the upper step of the right pilot tunnel and a first layer of permanent primary support 211 on the upper step of the middle pilot tunnel are sequentially connected end to form a first layer of permanent support structure with an oversized section; the permanent primary support 112 on the second layer of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, the permanent primary support 122 on the second layer of the lower step of the left pilot tunnel, the permanent primary support 232 on the second layer of the lower step of the middle pilot tunnel, the permanent primary support 322 on the second layer of the lower step of the right pilot tunnel, the permanent primary support 312 on the second layer of the upper step of the right pilot tunnel, and the permanent primary supports 212 on the second layer of the upper step of the middle pilot tunnel are sequentially connected end to form a second-layer permanent supporting structure with an ultra-large section.
The embodiment of the invention also provides a construction method of the extra-large section tunnel supporting structure, which comprises the following steps:
step S1, excavating the upper step 11 of the left pilot tunnel, wherein the area of the excavated cross section is 35m2～45m2The excavation footage is 0.5 m-1.0 m, and a left pilot tunnel upper step supporting system is constructed immediately after excavation is finished; the excavation cross section can be selected according to the size of the super-large section according to specific conditions, and the area of the cross section accounts for 1/4 of the whole super-large section area.
Step S2, after the upper step 11 of the left pilot tunnel is excavated for 3 m-5 m, the lower step 12 of the left pilot tunnel is excavated with the excavation cross section of 35m2～45m2The excavation footage is 0.5 m-1.0 m, and a left pilot tunnel lower step supporting system is constructed immediately after excavation is finished; the left pilot tunnel upper step 11 is excavated, and the left pilot tunnel lower step 12 is excavated after a certain operation space is provided. Preferably, the excavation cross section of the left pilot tunnel upper step 11 is substantially triangular, the excavation cross section of the left pilot tunnel lower step 12 is substantially square, and the excavation cross section of the left pilot tunnel lower step 12 is the same as the excavation cross section of the left pilot tunnel upper step 11 in area, so that the left pilot tunnel lower step 12 can provide powerful support for the left pilot tunnel upper step 11.
Step S3, after the left pilot tunnel 10 is excavated to 10 m-18 m, the right pilot tunnel 30 is constructed by adopting the same method; that is, for the right pilot tunnel 30, the right pilot tunnel upper step 31 is operated first, and the right pilot tunnel lower step 32 is excavated after the right pilot tunnel upper step 31 is excavated to 3m to 5 m.
In step S4, after the right pilot tunnel 30 is excavated to 10m to 18m, the excavation section of the upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel is excavated into two parts, namely left and right, because the section of the middle pilot tunnel 20 is large. Area of each excavation is 40m2～50m2The excavation footage is 0.5 m-1.0 m, and a middle pilot tunnel upper step supporting system and temporary vertical supports 24 are immediately constructed after excavation is finished. After the steps S1-S3, both sides of the middle pilot tunnel 20 are all the construction spaces, and both sides can be constructed, the middle pilot tunnel 20 can be excavated from one side of the left pilot tunnel 10, or the right pilot tunnel 30 can be excavated from one side, and after 3m to 5m is excavated from one side, the middle pilot tunnel is excavated from the other side, and a supporting system is constructed simultaneously with the excavation.
Step S5, after the upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel is excavated for 3 m-5 m, the middle step 22 of the middle pilot tunnel is excavated with an excavation area of 55m2～65m2The temporary vertical supports 24 are removed, and after excavation, middle pilot tunnel middle step supports are immediately constructed and connected with the left pilot tunnel upper step supports and the right pilot tunnel upper step supports to form a space force transmission system;
step S6, after the middle pilot tunnel middle step 22 is excavated to 3-5 m, the middle pilot tunnel lower step 23 is excavated to the excavation area of 70m2～90m2And supporting the lower step of the pilot tunnel along with excavation construction.
Specifically, in step S1, a first layer of permanent primary support 111 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, a temporary primary support 114 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, and a temporary inverted arch 115 of the left pilot tunnel are first constructed during excavation, and when the first layer of permanent primary support 111 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, the temporary primary support 114 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel, and the temporary inverted arch 115 of the left pilot tunnel reach the design strength, a second layer of permanent primary support 112 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel can be constructed; in addition, a left pilot tunnel advance support 113 is synchronously constructed in the excavation process, and the left pilot tunnel advance support 113 can be an advance anchor rod, a single-layer advance small conduit, a double-layer advance small conduit or an advance short pipe shed and is specifically selected according to the excavation span.
In step S3, in the process of excavating the right pilot tunnel 30, since the distance between the left pilot tunnel 10 and the right pilot tunnel 30 is relatively short, the conditions of settlement and peripheral convergence of the left pilot tunnel 10 need to be monitored to prevent the influence on the left pilot tunnel 10 in the process of excavating the right pilot tunnel 30. And constructing a right pilot tunnel advance support 313 in the excavation process, wherein the type selection of the right pilot tunnel advance support 313 is consistent with that of the left pilot tunnel advance support 113, and the right pilot tunnel advance support can also be an advance anchor rod, a single-layer advance small conduit, a double-layer advance small conduit or an advance short pipe shed.
In step S4, the excavation section of the upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel is 88m2Firstly excavating the left part of the middle pilot tunnel 20, immediately constructing a first layer of permanent primary support 211 and a temporary vertical support 24 on the upper step of the middle pilot tunnel, constructing a second layer of permanent primary support 212 on the upper step of the middle pilot tunnel after the sprayed concrete reaches the design strength, and excavating the right part of the left part of the middle pilot tunnel 20 after excavating for 3-5 m; the right half is constructed in the same manner as the left half.
In step S5, after the middle pilot tunnel upper step 21 is excavated to 3m to 5m, the middle pilot tunnel middle step 22 is excavated, the temporary vertical braces 24 are removed before excavation, and the excavation area of the middle pilot tunnel middle step 22 is 60m2And after excavation, constructing the temporary inverted arch 221 of the middle pilot tunnel immediately, wherein two ends of the temporary inverted arch 221 of the middle pilot tunnel are respectively connected with the temporary inverted arch 115 of the left pilot tunnel and the temporary inverted arch 315 of the right pilot tunnel, so that a temporary support is formed in the middle of the oversized section, and a space force transmission system is formed.
The excavation area of the step 22 in the middle pilot tunnel is 80m2The method is a section with the largest single excavation area in the whole excavation operation, and the detection of the internal force and displacement of the temporary support is enhanced during excavation to prevent the instability of the temporary support. In the step S6, the middle pilot tunnel advance support 213 is constructed in the excavation process of the upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel, and the middle pilot tunnel advance support 213 may be an advance anchor rod, a single-layer advance small conduit, a double-layer advance small conduit or an advance short pipe shed, and has a specific structure consistent with that of the left pilot tunnel advance support 113.
Step S7 is further included after step S6, and all temporary supports and temporary inverted arches are removed at one time when the tunnel secondary lining is applied. In the dismantling process, a stress system in the tunnel can be suddenly changed, and the original force borne by the temporary support and the temporary inverted arch is borne by the double-layer permanent primary support, so that the monitoring work is required to be done in the dismantling process. In order to fully utilize the space, the dismantling length is 8 m-12 m each time, the dismantling is carried out compactly according to the arranged construction procedures, an emergency plan is made, and two lining mold building concrete is immediately applied after the support is dismantled. Wherein the emergency protocol includes: the method comprises the following steps of (1) making schemes of collapse prevention, water burst and mud burst in fault fracture zones and the like before tunnel construction, preparing temporary support and emergency supplies, and stacking the temporary support and emergency supplies in order on site; the tunnel is provided with a lifesaving tube which extends to the closed area of the two linings from the tunnel face; wireless telephone, UPS power supply lighting equipment and food are arranged in the hole.
The selection principle of the left pilot tunnel advance support 113, the middle pilot tunnel advance support 213 and the right pilot tunnel advance support 313 is as follows: when the excavation distance is less than 15m, adopting an advanced anchor rod; when the excavation span is 15 m-20 m, a single-layer advanced small guide pipe is adopted; when the excavation span is 20 m-25 m, a double-layer advanced small guide pipe is adopted; and when the excavation span is larger than 25m, adopting an advanced short pipe shed. Specifically, the leading anchor rod is a hollow anchor rod with the length of 3.5m and the diameter of 25mm, the circumferential distance is 40cm, the longitudinal distance is 2.0m, the two bolts are overlapped for 1.5m in each cycle, and the external inserting angle is 10-15 degrees; the single-layer advanced small catheter adopts steel flower pipes with the diameter of 4.5m, the diameter of 42mm and the diameter of 3.5mm, the annular distance is 40cm, the longitudinal distance is 3.0m, the two pipes are overlapped for 1.5m every two cycles, and the external insertion angle is 10-15 degrees; the slurry adopts the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 1, the grouting pressure is 0.5 Mpa-1.0 Mpa; the external insertion angle of a first layer of small guide pipes in the double-layer advanced small guide pipes is 10-15 degrees, and the external insertion angle of a second layer of small guide pipes in the double-layer advanced small guide pipes is 30 degrees; the advanced short pipe shed adopts steel flower pipes with the diameter of 10m multiplied by 89mm multiplied by 5mm, the circumferential distance is 40cm, the longitudinal distance is 8m, the two-cycle lap joint is 2.0m, and the external insertion angle is 10-15 degrees; the slurry adopts the following components in percentage by weight of 1: 0.6-1 cement paste and 3% calcium chloride, and the grouting pressure is 0.5-1.5 MPa. It should be noted that, the external insertion angles of two layers of small catheters in the double-layer advanced small catheter can be the same, and the two layers of small catheters are longitudinally staggered by 1.5 m.
For better construction, before step S1, the method further includes step S0: and (3) exploring the structural condition of surrounding rock where the tunnel with the oversized section is located and the development condition of underground water by adopting an advanced geological forecasting means. If the surrounding rock is broken and the underground water is abundant, the line is adjusted to avoid the horizontal and vertical line shapes, and if the surrounding rock cannot be avoided, a reinforcing measure is taken. The advanced geological prediction means mainly comprise tunnel face geological sketch and digital imaging analysis, TSP203/202 (detection distance 100-200 m), geological radar (30-40 m), advanced horizontal drilling (30-40 m), infrared water detection and the like.
In addition, if the blasting construction situation is met, static blasting or controlled blasting is adopted, and the blasting vibration acceleration is not more than 2cm/s, so that the situation that the strength or the rigidity of a constructed temporary support and a constructed temporary inverted arch is insufficient and the tunnel safety is endangered due to the fact that the temporary support and the temporary inverted arch are damaged is avoided.
With reference to fig. 2 to 8, the construction method of the entire tunnel supporting structure with an oversized section is specifically described as follows:
step S1, excavating and supporting the upper step 11 of the left pilot tunnel, as shown in fig. 2: before excavation, a left pilot tunnel advance support 113 is arranged, short pipe sheds with the diameter of phi 89 multiplied by 5mm are adopted, the length is 10m, the circumferential distance is 40cm, the longitudinal distance is 8m, and the external insertion angle is 10-15 degrees; excavating an upper step 11 of the left pilot tunnel after the left pilot tunnel advance support 113 is erected, wherein the width of an excavated section is 7.5m, the height of the excavated section is 7.0m, and the footage is 0.5 m-1.0 m; immediately constructing a first layer of permanent primary support 111 of an upper step of the left pilot tunnel, a temporary primary support 114 of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel and a temporary inverted arch 115 of the left pilot tunnel after the excavation is finished; and after the sprayed concrete reaches the designed strength, constructing a second layer of permanent primary support 112 on the upper step of the left pilot tunnel.
Step S2, excavating and supporting the left pilot tunnel lower step 12, as shown in fig. 3: after the upper step 11 of the left pilot tunnel is excavated to 3-5 m, the lower step 12 of the left pilot tunnel is excavated, the width of the excavated section is 7.5m, the height is 6.0m, and the footage is 0.5-1.0 m; immediately constructing a first layer permanent primary support 121 of a lower step of the left pilot tunnel and a temporary primary support 123 of the lower step of the left pilot tunnel after the excavation is finished; and after the sprayed concrete reaches the designed strength, constructing a second layer of permanent primary support 122 of the lower step of the left pilot tunnel.
Step S3, excavating and supporting the right pilot tunnel upper step 31 and the right pilot tunnel lower step 32, as shown in fig. 4 and 5: and (4) after the left pilot tunnel 10 is excavated for 15m, constructing the right pilot tunnel 30, wherein the construction process of the right pilot tunnel upper step 31 is the same as the step S1, and the construction process of the right pilot tunnel lower step 32 is the same as the step S2.
Step S4, excavating and supporting the upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel, as shown in fig. 6: the excavation span of well pilot tunnel 20 is big, and the construction risk is high, and the construction of vault is one of the key construction preface. After the right pilot tunnel 30 is excavated for 15m, constructing a middle pilot tunnel advance support 213; the upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel is 16.6m wide and 6.0m high, the footage is 0.5-1.0 m, the excavation is divided into two times, the left half part is excavated firstly, and the first layer of permanent primary support 211, the temporary vertical support 24 and the second layer of permanent primary support 212 of the upper step of the middle pilot tunnel are immediately constructed; and excavating the right half part after reaching the length of 3m, wherein the supporting structure is the left half part of the upper step 21 of the middle pilot tunnel.
Step S5, excavating and supporting the step 22 in the middle pilot tunnel, as shown in fig. 7: before the step 22 in the middle pilot tunnel is excavated, the temporary vertical support 24 is firstly dismantled, the specific dismantling is carried out after the permanent primary support of the vault reaches the design strength, the monitoring of vault settlement is enhanced during the dismantling, the vault settlement accumulated value is not greater than 20mm, and the settlement rate is not greater than 3 mm/d; and after the settlement is stable, excavating the middle step 22 of the middle pilot tunnel, wherein the width of the excavated section is 13.5m, the height of the excavated section is 4.5m, and the footage of the excavated section is 0.5m to 1.0m, and then immediately constructing the middle pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch 221 so as to be connected with the left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch 115 and the right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch 315 to form a supporting whole.
Step S6, excavating and supporting the lower step 23 of the middle pilot tunnel, as shown in fig. 8: and after the middle pilot tunnel middle step 22 is excavated for 3-5 m, excavating the middle pilot tunnel lower step 23, wherein the width of the excavation section is 13m, the height is 6.5m, and the footage is 0.5-1.0 m, and then immediately constructing a first layer permanent primary support 231 and a second layer permanent primary support 232 of the middle pilot tunnel lower step.
Step S7, removing all temporary primary supports and temporary inverted arches, and pouring a secondary lining: and (4) dismantling all temporary primary supports and temporary inverted arches between the step S1 and the step S6, wherein the temporary primary supports comprise a left pilot tunnel upper step 114, a left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch 115, a left pilot tunnel lower step 123, a middle pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch 221, a right pilot tunnel upper step 314, a right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch 315 and a right pilot tunnel lower step 323. As more temporary supports are removed in the construction procedure, the stress conversion of the initial support is large, the one-time removal length is 10m, a second lining is immediately constructed after removal, the second lining adopts C40 mould with the thickness of 75cm to build reinforced concrete, and the main reinforcement is phi 25mm and 100mm thick.
Practice proves that the construction method of the extra-large section tunnel supporting structure provided by the invention is based on the traditional double-side-wall pit guiding method SAB, and is further provided with temporary supports (abbreviated as S), temporary inverted arches (abbreviated as A) and temporary vertical supports (abbreviated as B), so that the extra-large section tunnel supporting structure combining the double-side-wall pit guiding method and the SAB supporting method is formed, the supporting structure effectively divides the extra-large section tunnel into three pits, namely a left pilot tunnel 10, a middle pilot tunnel 20 and a right pilot tunnel 30 from left to right, wherein the middle pilot tunnel 20 with the largest section area is divided into three steps from top to bottom, the construction process is compact, the construction method is more flexible, and the application range is wide; meanwhile, double-layer primary support is adopted, the support rigidity is high, the safety of the support dismantling working condition tunnel is ensured, and the engineering risk is reduced, so that the method has a wide application prospect.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (9)
1. The supporting structure is characterized by comprising a left pilot tunnel, a middle pilot tunnel and a right pilot tunnel, wherein the left pilot tunnel, the middle pilot tunnel and the right pilot tunnel are sequentially arranged along the width direction of an ultra-large section, the left pilot tunnel comprises a left pilot tunnel upper step and a left pilot tunnel lower step, the left pilot tunnel upper step is positioned above the left pilot tunnel lower step, the middle pilot tunnel comprises a middle pilot tunnel upper step, a middle pilot tunnel middle step and a middle pilot tunnel lower step, the middle pilot tunnel upper step, the middle pilot tunnel middle step and the middle pilot tunnel lower step are sequentially arranged along the height direction of the middle pilot tunnel, a temporary vertical support is arranged in the middle pilot tunnel upper step, the right pilot tunnel comprises a right pilot tunnel upper step and a right pilot tunnel lower step, and the right pilot tunnel upper step is positioned above the right pilot tunnel lower step.
2. The extra-large section tunnel supporting structure of claim 1, wherein the left pilot tunnel upper step comprises a left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, a left pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support, a left pilot tunnel advance support, a left pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and a left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch, the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, the left pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and the left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch are sequentially connected, the left pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support is laid on the inner side of the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, and the left pilot tunnel support is located on the outer side of the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support.
3. The extra-large cross-section tunnel supporting structure of claim 2, wherein the temporary primary support of the upper step of the left pilot tunnel is arch-shaped, and the sinking direction of the arch-shaped primary support faces the middle pilot tunnel.
4. The extra-large section tunnel supporting structure of claim 2, wherein the left pilot tunnel lower step comprises a left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support, a left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support and a left pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support, the left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support is integrally connected with the left pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support, the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support is integrally connected with the left pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, the left pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support, the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support and the left pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch are sequentially connected, and the left pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support is laid on the inner side of the left pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support.
5. The extra-large section tunnel supporting structure of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the right pilot tunnel upper step support comprises a right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, a right pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support, a right pilot tunnel advance support, a right pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and a right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch, the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, the right pilot tunnel upper step temporary primary support and the right pilot tunnel temporary arch are sequentially connected end to end, the right pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support is positioned on the inner side of the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, and the right pilot tunnel advance support is positioned on the outer side of the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support.
6. The extra-large section tunnel supporting structure of claim 5, wherein the right pilot tunnel lower step support comprises a right pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support, a right pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support and a right pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support, the right pilot tunnel lower step second layer permanent primary support and the right pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support are connected into a whole, the right pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support and the right pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support are connected into a whole, and the right pilot tunnel lower step first layer permanent primary support, the right pilot tunnel lower step temporary primary support and the right pilot tunnel temporary inverted arch are sequentially connected.
7. The extra-large section tunnel supporting structure of any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the middle pilot tunnel upper step comprises a middle pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, a middle pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support and a middle pilot tunnel advance support, the middle pilot tunnel advance support is positioned at the outer side of the middle pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, the middle pilot tunnel upper step second layer permanent primary support is positioned at the inner side of the middle pilot tunnel upper step first layer permanent primary support, and the temporary vertical support extends along the height direction of the middle pilot tunnel upper step.
8. The extra-large section tunnel supporting structure of claim 7, wherein the middle step of the middle pilot tunnel comprises a middle step temporary inverted arch, one end of the middle step temporary inverted arch is connected with the left pilot tunnel, and the other end of the middle step temporary inverted arch is connected with the right pilot tunnel.
9. The extra-large section tunnel supporting structure of claim 1, wherein the left pilot tunnel and the right pilot tunnel have the same excavation section area, and each excavation section area occupies 0.2-0.3 of the entire tunnel excavation section, the left pilot tunnel upper step and the left pilot tunnel lower step bisect the left pilot tunnel along the height direction, the right pilot tunnel upper step and the right pilot tunnel lower step bisect the right pilot tunnel along the height direction, and the middle pilot tunnel upper step, the middle pilot tunnel middle step and the middle pilot tunnel middle step bisect the middle pilot tunnel along the height direction.
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| CN109751063A (en) * | 2019-02-26 | 2019-05-14 | 中铁第四勘察设计院集团有限公司 | A kind of large section tunnel supporting construction and its construction method |
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