CN209754801U - Electrochemical thickening and polishing processing device - Google Patents

Abstract

An electrochemical thickening and polishing device comprises a workpiece clamp, a polishing disk, a polishing pad, a polishing liquid pool and a main shaft, wherein the polishing disk is arranged on the main shaft, the polishing pad is arranged on the polishing disk, and the polishing liquid pool is arranged below the polishing disk; the workpiece clamp is arranged above the polishing disc, and a workpiece is clamped on the workpiece clamp; the polishing processing device also comprises an electrochemical thickening generator, the electrochemical thickening generator is arranged in the workpiece clamp, and a reaction electrode of the electrochemical thickening generator is arranged in the reaction tank; the polishing solution includes electrochemically thickening particles. The utility model discloses the rough polishing reduces total polishing time, and the finish polishing (electrochemistry thickening polishing) can obtain surface quality height, nothing/low surface damage's work piece.

Description

Electrochemical thickening and polishing processing device

Technical Field

The utility model belongs to the technical field of the ultra-precision machining, specifically relate to an electrochemistry thickening polishing processingequipment.

Background

Ultraprecise machining technology is an important component of modern science and technology and is widely applied in many fields. Processing of hard and brittle materials such as sapphire, single-crystal silicon, and various functional ceramics; high precision, low damage, beautiful appearance and the like of various complex curved surfaces. By using ultra-precision machining techniques, workpiece surfaces with low surface roughness, low/no surface damage or subsurface damage can be obtained.

Polishing is one of ultra-precision machining, and refers to an ultra-precision machining process capable of reducing the surface roughness of a workpiece and improving the surface finish of the workpiece under the action of machinery, chemistry or electrochemistry. Electrochemistry is the science of studying the charged interface phenomena formed by two types of conductors and the changes that occur on them.

thickening is the operation of separating solid particles suspended in a liquid from the liquid into a thick slurry, and is also called precipitation concentration or sedimentation concentration. The factors affecting thickening are roughly divided into two categories: chemical factors (chemical composition of the resin, chemical characteristics of the thickener, additives, impurities, etc.) and physical factors (degree of shear achieved in the mixing of the materials, temperature, time, surface area of fillers and thickener, etc.). The electrochemical thickening is to make a certain substance in the solution generate a new substance with thickening effect through an electrochemical reaction, and to separate the obtained new substance from the solution to form thick slurry, namely thickening (precipitation concentration or sedimentation concentration), so as to realize the electrochemical thickening.

The invention discloses a Chinese invention patent (CN201810122104.8), and the patent name is: an efficient ultraprecise shearing thickening-chemical synergistic polishing device. The patent implementing equipment comprises a polishing tool, a polishing tool clamp, a polishing fixed movable disc, a dust cover and a polishing solution circulating device. The invention utilizes the synergy of active restriction of the liquid flow boundary, active control of the flow of the polishing liquid flow, shear thickening and green chemical action to improve the processing efficiency and precision and expand the processable material and surface shape. The polishing solution has the advantages that the polishing solution is wide in processable material, various in processing surface type and environment-friendly, utilizes the shear thickening effect to enable polishing to be flexible, improves material removal certainty, and is few in surface deterioration layer; the disadvantage is that the polishing solution is unchanged during the polishing process, wherein chemical substances are always present to participate in the reaction, so that a slight chemical corrosion phenomenon occurs in a part of the area of the finally obtained workpiece, and the surface quality of the workpiece is reduced.

Granted chinese invention patent (CN 201210192915.8), patent name: an ultra-precise curved surface polishing method based on a non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening effect. According to the method, an abrasive is added into a non-Newtonian fluid with a shear thickening effect to prepare a polishing solution, a certain relative speed is realized between the polishing solution and the surface of a workpiece in the polishing process, the polishing solution in a polishing area generates the shear thickening effect due to the shear action, a shear thickening flexible grinding tool is formed, and the ultra-precise polishing of a curved surface is realized. However, because the polishing method only depends on a single shear thickening effect to remove micro-cutting forming materials on the workpiece, the polishing efficiency still has room for improvement.

Granted chinese utility model patent (CN 201410436897.2), patent name: an ultra-precision processing device with non-Newtonian fluid shear thickening and electrolysis composite effect. After the power supply is electrified, an electrochemical reaction is generated between the anode workpiece and the cathode polishing tool, the metal on the surface of the workpiece is dissolved by electrolysis, and then an oxide film which hinders the electrochemical reaction is formed on the surface of the workpiece. The oxide film on the bulge of the workpiece surface is firstly ground to expose fresh metal, and the electrochemical reaction can be continued at the bulge. The oxide film in the recess is not removed, the chemical reaction is hindered, and the metal is protected. Simultaneously because the peak effect of electric current, the protruding department electric field intensity is big, and is also strong to the corrosivity of metal, and the abrasive particle is stronger to the removal effect of work piece surface protruding department under the shear thickening effect, and the combined action influence in these several respects for work piece surface protruding department is got rid of rapidly, and surface roughness also reduces rapidly. The defect of the patent lies in that the adaptability to the surface shape of a machinable workpiece is poor, the problem of certainty of material removal cannot be solved, the certainty polishing and high surface shape precision of a workpiece material are difficult to realize, the range of the machinable material (with conductive performance) is limited, and the electrolyte belongs to a non-environment-friendly substance, has large influence on the environment and high environment-friendly treatment cost.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the lower not enough of polishing efficiency of existing polishing processingequipment, the utility model provides an electrochemistry thickening polishing processingequipment, the rough polishing reduces total polishing time, and the workpiece that can obtain surface quality height, nothing/low surface damage is thrown (electrochemistry thickening polishing).

The utility model provides a technical scheme that its technical problem adopted is:

An electrochemical thickening and polishing device comprises a workpiece clamp, a polishing disk, a polishing pad, a polishing liquid pool and a main shaft, wherein the polishing disk is arranged on the main shaft, the polishing pad is arranged on the polishing disk, and the polishing liquid pool is arranged below the polishing disk; the workpiece clamp is arranged above the polishing disc, and a workpiece is clamped on the workpiece clamp; the polishing processing device also comprises an electrochemical thickening generator, the electrochemical thickening generator is arranged in the workpiece clamp, and a reaction electrode of the electrochemical thickening generator is arranged in the reaction tank; the polishing solution includes electrochemically thickening particles.

further, the upper part of the workpiece fixture is a polishing solution inlet, a reaction tank is arranged in the workpiece fixture, the electrochemical thickening generator is provided with a plurality of reaction electrodes, a cathode and an anode are arranged in each reaction electrode, and a micro water pump is arranged at an outlet at the lower part of the reaction tank.

Preferably, the electrochemical thickening generator comprises an internal independent power supply and an external remote controller, and the remote controller can start/stop the electrochemical thickening generator wirelessly.

Preferably, the thickening phase is a green resin substance, has a thickening effect and cannot pollute the environment.

the polishing processing device further comprises a polishing solution box and a liquid supply pump, the polishing solution box, the liquid supply pump, a liquid conveying pipe, the workpiece clamp and the polishing solution pool form a polishing solution circulating system, the polishing solution box is arranged below the left side of the polishing solution pool, the liquid conveying pipe is connected with the polishing solution pool and the polishing solution box, the liquid supply pump is arranged in the polishing solution box, and the liquid supply pump is connected with the liquid conveying pipe.

the polishing solution box is divided into two layers, one layer is used for storing the polishing solution capable of being electrochemically thickened, and the other layer is used for storing the polishing solution capable of being electrochemically thickened and undergoing electrochemical reaction, so that the polishing mode (normal polishing/electrochemical thickening polishing) can be switched.

The technical idea of the utility model is that: when the surface of a workpiece is quickly polished, a normal polishing mode, namely a rough polishing stage, can be selected, and the polishing solution in the mode is electrochemically thickened so that the workpiece is quickly polished under the action of a large shear rate and an instantaneous load; when the surface of the workpiece is mechanically and finely polished, an electrochemical thickening polishing mode can be selected, namely a fine polishing stage, in the mode, the polishing solution is the electrochemical thickening polishing solution, and the workpiece is under the action of a small shear rate, an instantaneous load and the electrochemical thickening polishing solution (generating electrochemical reaction).

The electrochemical thickening polishing solution is a polishing solution with large viscosity caused by electrochemistry. The electrochemical thickening polishing solution is a polishing solution (in a non-thickening state) capable of being electrochemically thickened, and an electrochemical thickening generator in the workpiece fixture generates an electrochemical reaction, so that the electrochemically-thickened particles produce particles with thickening characteristics, the particles are combined with abrasives to form 'abrasive thickening groups', the viscosity of the polishing solution is increased, and a large number of aggregated 'abrasive thickening groups' are like a layer of flexible abrasive. The generated electrochemical thickening polishing solution is input to the surface of the workpiece, and the electrochemical thickening polishing of the workpiece is realized.

Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the utility model are that:

(1) During rough polishing, the workpiece with good surface quality can be quickly obtained under the action of large shear rate, instantaneous load and electrochemical thickening polishing solution (no electrochemical reaction), and the polishing efficiency is improved.

(2) During fine polishing, the workpiece realizes flexible polishing on the surface of the workpiece under the action of small shear rate, instantaneous load and electrochemical thickening polishing solution (electrochemical reaction is generated), and high surface quality, no/low surface damage or subsurface damage is obtained.

(3) The viscosity of the electrochemical thickening polishing solution can be changed by the power of the electrochemical thickening generator, and is realized by changing the concentration of a thickening phase in the polishing solution, and the surface quality of the finally obtained workpiece is different under different viscosities. By the method, workpieces with different surface qualities can be obtained in a controllable manner.

(4) The electrochemical polishing can be selected from normal polishing or electrochemical thickening polishing as desired.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of electrochemical thickening and polishing, and comprises a workpiece fixture 1, a workpiece 2, an electrochemical thickening generator 3, a reaction chamber 4, a micro water pump 5, polishing liquid 6, a polishing pad 7, a polishing liquid pool 8, a spindle 9, a polishing liquid tank 10, a liquid supply pump 11, a liquid conveying pipe 12, a polishing disk 13 and a fixture internal structure diagram 14.

FIG. 2 is an electrochemical microscopic view of the polishing slurry, wherein A is the polishing slurry without electrochemical reaction, B is the polishing slurry with electrochemical reaction, and the abrasive 15, the electrochemically thickening particles 16, the electrochemically thickening particles 17, and the abrasive thickening groups 18.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, an electrochemical thickening and polishing device comprises a workpiece holder 1, a polishing disk 13, a polishing pad 7, a polishing solution pool 8, a spindle 9, a polishing solution tank 10, an electrochemical thickening generator 3, a remote controller, a reaction tank 4, a liquid feed pump 11 and a micro water pump 5, wherein the polishing disk 13 is mounted on the spindle 9, the polishing pad 7 is mounted on the polishing disk 13, and the polishing solution pool 8 is mounted below the polishing disk 13; the workpiece clamp 1 is arranged above the polishing disc 13, and the workpiece 2 is clamped on the workpiece clamp 1; the polishing solution box 10, the water pump 11, the liquid conveying pipe 12, the workpiece clamp 1 and the polishing solution tank 8 form a polishing solution circulating system, the polishing solution box 10 is arranged on the lower left side of the polishing solution tank 8, the liquid conveying pipe 12 is connected with the polishing solution tank 8 and the polishing solution box 10, the liquid supply pump 11 is arranged in the polishing solution box 10, and the liquid supply pump 11 is connected with the liquid conveying pipe 12; the electrochemical thickening generator 3 is arranged in the work holder 1, and a reaction electrode of the electrochemical thickening generator is arranged in a reaction cell.

The polishing solution 6 comprises electrochemically-thickened particles, and the electrochemically-thickened particles can be dissolved in water to generate a thickened phase under the action of an electrochemical thickening generator; during rough polishing, the polishing solution capable of being electrochemically thickened is not started, and the viscosity is low; and during fine polishing, starting the electrochemical thickening generator, wherein the polishing solution is electrochemical thickening polishing solution and has high viscosity.

Further, the upper portion of the workpiece fixture 1 is a polishing solution inlet, a reaction tank 4 is arranged in the workpiece fixture 1, the electrochemical thickening generator is provided with a plurality of reaction electrodes, a cathode and an anode are arranged in each reaction electrode, a micro water pump 5 is arranged at an outlet of the lower portion of the reaction tank 4, and the micro water pump 5 is started or closed along with the starting of the electrochemical thickening generator and is closed.

Preferably, the electrochemical thickening generator 3 comprises an internal independent power source and an external remote controller, and the remote controller can start/stop the electrochemical thickening generator wirelessly.

Preferably, the thickening phase is a green resin substance, has a thickening effect and cannot pollute the environment.

The polishing solution tank 10 is divided into two layers, one layer stores electrochemically thickened polishing solution, and the other layer stores electrochemically thickened polishing solution which undergoes electrochemical reaction, so that the polishing mode (normal polishing/electrochemical thickening polishing) can be switched.

The polishing solution comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 15-25 wt.% polishing abrasive particles, 25-35 wt.% electrochemically-thickening particles, and 40-50 wt.% water. The polishing solution capable of being electrochemically thickened is an original polishing solution which is not subjected to electrochemical reaction, has low viscosity and good flowing property, and the electrochemically-thickened particles exist in the polishing solution in an ion form.

In this embodiment, the polishing solution may include the following components in parts by weight:

15 wt.% polishing abrasive, 35 wt.% electrochemically-thickenable particles, 50 wt.% water;

Or the following steps: 20 wt.% polishing abrasive particles, 32 wt.% electrochemically-thickening particles, 48 wt.% water;

or the following steps: polishing mill 25 wt.%, electrochemically-thickening particles 25 wt.%, water 50 wt.%;

Or else: polishing abrasive particles 25 wt.%, electrochemically thickening particles 35 wt.%, water 40 wt.%.

As shown in fig. 2, the utility model is used for polishing plane work piece (such as high-speed railway bearing, bearing steel, carbide, cermet, optical glass and difficult processing material such as hard brittle), the polishing process includes following step:

1) selecting a workpiece clamp 1;

2) Clamping a workpiece 2 on a workpiece clamp 1;

3) Preparing a polishing solution 5 (in a non-thickened state) having electrochemical thickening, and placing the polishing solution 6 in a polishing solution tank 10, as shown in fig. 2-a, which is a microscopic view of the polishing solution 5 having electrochemical thickening;

4) starting the spindle 9 and the liquid feed pump 11 to form a polishing liquid circulating system, and inputting the polishing liquid 6 onto the polishing disc 13 through the clamp so that the polishing liquid 6 relatively moves on the polishing disc 13;

5) Polishing (rough polishing) the workpiece 2 in a polishing solution 6 (capable of electrochemical thickening) for a period of time;

6) Starting an electrochemical thickening generator 3 in the workpiece clamp 1, and changing the polishing solution 6 input into the reaction tank 4 to form an electrochemical thickening polishing solution 6, wherein 2-b is a microscopic image of the electrochemical thickening polishing solution 6; meanwhile, the thickened polishing solution 6 is input to the polishing disk 13 through the micro water pump 5, so that electrochemical thickening polishing (fine polishing) of the workpiece is realized.

Claims (6)

1. An electrochemical thickening and polishing device comprises a workpiece clamp, a polishing disk, a polishing pad, a polishing liquid pool and a main shaft, wherein the polishing disk is arranged on the main shaft, the polishing pad is arranged on the polishing disk, and the polishing liquid pool is arranged below the polishing disk; the workpiece clamp is arranged above the polishing disc, and a workpiece is clamped on the workpiece clamp; the method is characterized in that: the polishing processing device also comprises an electrochemical thickening generator, the electrochemical thickening generator is arranged in the workpiece clamp, and a reaction electrode of the electrochemical thickening generator is arranged in the reaction tank; the polishing solution includes electrochemically thickening particles.

2. An electrochemical thickening and polishing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the polishing solution inlet is arranged at the upper part of the workpiece clamp, a reaction tank is arranged in the workpiece clamp, the electrochemical thickening generator is provided with a plurality of reaction electrodes, a cathode and an anode are arranged in each reaction electrode, and a micro water pump is arranged at the outlet at the lower part of the reaction tank.

3. An electrochemical thickening and polishing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the electrochemical thickening generator comprises an internal independent power supply and an external remote controller, and the remote controller can start/close the electrochemical thickening generator wirelessly.

4. An electrochemical thickening and polishing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the thickening phase is a green resin substance.

5. An electrochemical thickening and polishing apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the polishing processing device further comprises a polishing solution box and a liquid supply pump, the polishing solution box, the liquid supply pump, a liquid conveying pipe, the workpiece clamp and the polishing solution pool form a polishing solution circulating system, the polishing solution box is arranged below the left side of the polishing solution pool, the liquid conveying pipe is connected with the polishing solution pool and the polishing solution box, the liquid supply pump is arranged in the polishing solution box, and the liquid supply pump is connected with the liquid conveying pipe.

6. An electrochemical thickening and polishing apparatus as recited in claim 5, wherein: the polishing solution box is divided into two layers, one layer is used for storing the polishing solution capable of being electrochemically thickened, and the other layer is used for storing the polishing solution capable of being electrochemically thickened and undergoing electrochemical reaction.