CN209692654U - A kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor control device based on DSPIC chip - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor control devices based on DSPIC chip, including DSPIC chip control module, Pulse width modulation module, power device module, communication module, comprehensive detection module and power module, Pulse width modulation module, communication module and comprehensive detection module are connect with DSPIC chip control module respectively, and power device module is connect with Pulse width modulation module.The utility model colleeting comb detection module, temperature detecting module and voltage detection module ensure that the safety of motor operation in one, realize the closed-loop control to permanent magnet synchronous motor, improve the stability and precision of control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor.

Description

A kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor control device based on DSPIC chip

Technical field

The utility model relates to permanent magnet synchronous motor control technology field, it is specifically a kind of based on DSPIC chip forever Magnetic-synchro motor control assembly.

Background technique

Motor technology, which is developed so far, has fast 200 years history.The important technology they people production as support and lived, Development is with improvement by the concern of people.In recent ten years, the Nd-Fe-B permanent magnetic material of cheap, high energy product, high-coercive force The development of material technology, so that the permasyn morot low, small in size, that performance is high of price comes out.Permanent magnet synchronous motor has The features such as power density is big, running efficiency is high, electromagnetic torque ripple factor is small, overload capacity is strong, in recent years in industry manufacture, boat The numerous areas such as empty space flight, new-energy automobile are more and more widely used.

It is crucial that needing real-time detection rotor position information in control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor, to give motor Commutation signal is provided.If rotor position information is inaccurate, the control performance of motor will decline to a great extent, in some instances it may even be possible to cause whole A system it is unstable.Common rotor magnetic pole infomation detection is needed by a series of devices such as mechanical pick-up device, such as Hall position Set the position detecting devices such as sensor, rotary transformer or photoelectric encoder.But the presence of these devices can make the size of motor Increase with volume, increases the complexity of design, line, installation, also bring the problem on electromagnetic compatibility, reduce system Reliability.This just promotes industry and academia to put into a large amount of manpowers, material resources research how canceling position sensor, form nothing Position sensor control technology.Therefore, oneself warp of sensorless strategy becomes the mainstream hot spot of modern permanent magnet synchronous motor control.Root The scope of application of position of magnetic pole velocity information detection method and estimation effect when running according to permasyn morot, can be no biography Sensor control method is divided into two kinds: the first be using Utopian motor mathematical model, three-phase current and voltage signal by with Work is useful input signal, and by special calculation method, the signal finally exported is exactly location information, and method mainly has mould Type reference adaptive method, observer detection method, structure changes observer method, Adaptive Observer method, half rank or full order observer method, Kalman filter method etc..Second of detection method has much relations with the characteristics of motor, is mainly observed using saliency Position, main method have High Frequency Injection, inductance method etc..Such methods do not depend on the accuracy of motor model, but right The required precision of current sampling circuit is higher, more demanding to the filter effect of filter, filters the current signal finally obtained Contain the high-frequency signal of location information.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor is a close coupling, complicated nonlinear system.In order to more preferably use advanced no position Sensor control algorithm is set, one suitable Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Controller of design is just particularly important.Wherein, micro process Chip is the core of whole system, and the selection of type often directly affects the control function and effect of system.It is same suitable for permanent magnetism The micro-chip processor of step electric machine control system usually has single-chip microprocessor MCU and two kinds of digital signal processor DSP.In general, single Piece machine is Control-oriented, and in Embedded more I/O interface and peripheral components, cheap but arithmetic speed compares Slowly；Digital signal processor is towards fast signal processing, arithmetic speed 1 to 2 orders of magnitude faster than single-chip microcontroller but at high price And control performance is not so good as single-chip microcontroller.

Permanent magnet synchronous motor control it is complex, be related to a large amount of data reduction with separate control, in order to be conducive to The extension of system and functions module is effectively controlled, master controller not only needs enough Peripheral Interfaces external If control, but also must have stronger operational capability and internal resource abundant.With control technology increasingly complex, increasingly More commercial plants and housed device require system can accurately respond, real-time control.This just makes existing most of permanent magnetism same Step electric machine control system exposes many problems:

(1) using DSP as the control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor of core, although operational capability is strong, Costco Wholesale is higher, connects Mouth resource is not abundant enough, transaction capabilities is not strong.And using MCU as the control system of core, although processor function is stronger, But arithmetic speed is slow, it is difficult to apply more complicated control algolithm.

(2) control system lacks corresponding safety detection and protection circuit, when there is overheat, overcurrent, under-voltage or overload Easily there is a phenomenon where permanent magnet synchronous motor motors to damage, and the extremely difficult hair for detecting failure when control system failure Raw position.

(3) existing control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor presence, which has a single function, is complicated for operation, integration degree is lower asks Topic is whole not compact enough.

Summary of the invention

The purpose of this utility model be in view of the deficiency of the prior art, provide it is a kind of based on DSPIC chip forever Magnetic-synchro motor control assembly.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:

A kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor control device based on DSPIC chip, including DSPIC chip control module, pulse are wide Degree modulation module, power device module, communication module, comprehensive detection module and power module, the Pulse width modulation module, Communication module and comprehensive detection module are connect with the DSPIC chip control module respectively, the power device module with it is described Pulse width modulation module connection, the comprehensive detection module is also connect with the power device module, for detecting electric current, electricity Pressure and temperature, and will test data and be transferred to the DSPIC chip control module；The DSPIC chip control module passes through logical Believe that module and host computer carry out data and instruction transmission, the Pulse width modulation module receives the DSPIC chip controls mould The motor control signal that block issues controls the operating of permanent magnet synchronous motor, the power module by the power device module To other each module for power supply.

In the further design scheme of the utility model, the model of above-mentioned DSPIC chip control module DSPIC33EP256MC506。

In the further design scheme of the utility model, above-mentioned Pulse width modulation module uses model 74ACT244MTCX chip.

In the further design scheme of the utility model, above-mentioned communication module includes that CAN interface connects with RS232 bus Mouthful, the CAN interface is connect with the DSPIC chip control module respectively with RS232 bus interface.

Include in the further design scheme of the utility model, in above-mentioned power module by C37MC7815CD2T, The power-switching circuit that C37MC7815CDR4, LM3940 chip are constituted.

The utility model have it is following prominent the utility model has the advantages that

(1) DSPIC chip is applied into permanent magnet synchronous motor control, combines digital signal processor DSP function and micro- Controller MCU function is integrated with the peripheral equipment of electric machine control system in one, by the high-speed computation ability of DSP and face It is integrated in one to the efficient control ability of motor.The permanent magnet synchronous motor control algolithm that function admirable may be implemented is write and is monitored Software programming.

(2) the common hardware resource of many control systems is integrated into DSPIC chip, and is directed to motor driven pair Pulse width modulation module has made technically optimization design, supports automatic the dead time.Therefore, a small amount of peripheral circuit only need to be configured, May make up complete motor control platform, can largely simplified control hardware platform design, control circuit obtains Greatly simplify, reliability control system, practicability and maintenanceability be improved significantly.

(3) control device colleeting comb detection module, temperature detecting module and voltage detection module ensure that motor in one Closed-loop control to permanent magnet synchronous motor is realized in the safety of operation, improve control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor stability and Precision, and system external section load Ability of Resisting Disturbance is improved, guarantee the operating of permanent magnet synchronous motor normal continuous.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is the permanent magnet synchronous motor control device functional block diagram based on DSPIC chip in embodiment；

Fig. 2 is DC/DC partial power module circuit diagram in embodiment；

Fig. 3 is Pulse width modulation module circuit diagram in embodiment；

Fig. 4 is power device module circuit diagram in embodiment；

Fig. 5 is CAN bus communication interface circuit figure in embodiment；

Fig. 6 is RS232 communication interface circuit figure in embodiment；

Fig. 7 is monophase current detection part circuit diagram in embodiment；

Fig. 8 is embodiment median generatrix current detection section circuit diagram；

Fig. 9 is temperature detection part circuit diagram in embodiment；

In figure, 1-DSPIC chip control module, 2- Pulse width modulation module, 3- power device module, 4- communication mould Block, 5- comprehensive detection module, 6- power module.

Specific embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

Referring to Fig. 1, permanent magnet synchronous motor control device of one of the utility model based on DSPIC chip, including DSPIC chip control module 1, Pulse width modulation module 2, power device module 3, communication module 4,5 and of comprehensive detection module Power module 6, the model DSPIC33EP256MC506 of DSPIC chip control module 1, using flexible and economical and efficient, can be with It is configured by different modes；Pulse width modulation module 2 uses model 74ACT244MTCX chip；Pulse width modulation Module 2, communication module 4 and comprehensive detection module 5 are connect with DSPIC chip control module 1 respectively, power device module 3 and arteries and veins The connection of width modulation module 2 is rushed, comprehensive detection module 5 is also connect with power device module 3, for detecting electric current, voltage and temperature Degree, and will test data and be transferred to DSPIC chip control module 1；Communication module 4 includes that CAN interface connects with RS232 bus Mouthful, CAN interface is connect with DSPIC chip control module 1 respectively with RS232 bus interface.DSPIC chip control module 1 Data and instruction transmission is carried out by communication module 4 and host computer, Pulse width modulation module 2 receives DSPIC chip controls mould The motor control signal that block 1 issues is controlled the operating of permanent magnet synchronous motor by power device module 3, includes in power module 6 The power-switching circuit being made of C37MC7815CD2T, C37MC7815CDR4, LM3940 chip, power module 6 is to other each Module for power supply.

The Pulse width modulation module circuit diagram of the utility model is as shown in figure 3, mainly by 74ACT244MTCX chip structure At with 3 road PWM output.Also design can show the real-time output situation of PWM by 6 paths of LEDs simultaneously.What the present embodiment used Main control chip is powered using 3.3V, and the low and high level of I/O output is 3.3V and OV.And the driving of power device module 3 The control port HIN and LIN of chip I R2181 need to receive standard Transistor-Transistor Logic level.To ensure that IR2181 can receive correct voltage Signal before the pwm signal that DSPIC33EP256MC506 is generated is input to IR2181, need to be converted into the TTL electricity of standard It is flat.Since the PWM signal frequency that need to be converted is higher, which needs shorter response time and certain band Loading capability, what the present embodiment was selected is 74ACT244MTCX chip.74ACT244MTCX is eight Lu Tongxiang an of ternary output Bus transceiver, can bi-directional transfer of data, it is compatible with Transistor-Transistor Logic level, be usually used in various single-chip microprocessor MCU systems.Chip letter Number input and output keep same phase, do not change signal phase in actual use process, and it is more convenient to operate.Simultaneously 74ACT244MTCX can also play the role of insulation blocking in circuit, and driving circuit is due to its high voltage, high current, big function The characteristic of rate, if circuit design is unreasonable, the case where driving energy chip is burnt can be will appear by working long hours, at this time 74ACT244MTCX chip can block pwm signal, play a protective role.

The power device module circuit diagram of the utility model as shown in figure 4, using 3 IR2181 high-grade drives chips, Carry out driving power device.Every IR2181 as in three-phase permanent magnet synchronous motor inversion bridge circuit all the way, drive 2 MOSFET.By 15V power supply power supply.The core of motor control is power driver module circuit, since field-effect tube MOSFET pipe has Have the advantages that input impedance is high, switching frequency is high, thus the present embodiment power driver module be by 6 field-effect tube MOSFET and Driving circuit composition.This driving circuit selects the MOS switch pipe of model FQB55N10, is N-channel MOS pipe, maximum Pressure resistance is 100V, maximum drain current 23A.In order to make driving circuit that there is biggish driving capability, using model IR2181 driving chip, the driving chip are binary channels, gate driving, high-voltage high-speed analog line driver.Again because of usual logic The control performance of circuit requirement power device is higher, so guaranteeing to reach control by the integrated level for increasing level conversion technology It is required that.According to above-mentioned circuit configuration, wherein U2, U3, U4 are driving integrated chip, VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4, VT5, VT6 For metal-oxide-semiconductor, wherein chip No. 4 pin controls the upper lower arm of a phase PWM wave with No. 7 pins respectively, in the present embodiment design The driving signal of each phase output is complementary and selected IR2181 chip possesses capacitor bootstrapping function, can not drive in PWM wave In the case where metal-oxide-semiconductor, the signal voltage of metal-oxide-semiconductor can be promoted with this by charging to bootstrap capacitor, make it have expansion The function of big signal output, the on-off of control VT1, VT2, VT3, VT4, VT5, VT6 that then PWM wave can be orderly.

The communication module of the utility model includes CAN interface and RS232 bus interface, be respectively adopted MCP2551 with SP3232 chip constitutes the bus processing section of the two.Two letter interfaces are connected with DSPIC chip, are used for data communication, uniquely Unlike CAN interface part by 5V power supply power supply, and RS232 bus interface is then by 3.3V power supply power supply.CAN bus is logical Believe that interface circuit figure and RS232 communication interface circuit figure difference are as shown in Figure 5, Figure 6, wherein driving control system and host computer are logical Letter turns serial port form, low-speed communication serial ports RS232 mode and high-speed CAN communication mode using USB.Serial ports RS232 communication is selected SP3232 chip completes the level conversion of bottom 3.3V and 5V signal.The main control chip that the present embodiment uses A CAN module is carried inside DSPIC33EP256MC506, and supports CAN2.OB mode, baud rate ranges up to 1Mbps, CAN bus transmitting-receiving then uses MCP2551 chip, and it is identifiable that the achievable end DSPIC CAN low and high level signal is converted to CAN card Read-write.

The comprehensive detection module of the utility model include electric current, voltage, 3 part of temperature detection, respectively with system Power device module is connected with DSPIC chip control module, constitutes closed loop, can detect that failure, and send fault-signal back to master Chip is controlled, the normal operation of system is protected.

The monophase current detection part circuit diagram and busbar voltage detection partial circuit diagram of module are respectively such as Fig. 7, Fig. 8 institute Show, primarily to itself feedback signal of the system that will test, carries out certain conversion, so that it is become DSPIC and identify Digital signal.Such as current detecting, the voltage drop for obtaining the both ends of phase current sampling resistance is first passed through, will be put after amplification Big voltage input is sent into main control chip to chip pin comparator after A/D is converted, and is finally converted to electric current by calculating again Value.When current failure occurs, which changes, and DSPIC makes corresponding safeguard measure.The present embodiment is selected MCP6024 chip, MCP6024 is the operational amplifier of track to track, with wide bandwidth, the characteristics of low noise, and supply voltage model It encloses for 2.5V to 5.5V, every piece of chip has 4 road operational amplifiers.Circuit impedance can be carried out by matching change using voltage follower It changes, output impedance minimum characteristic very big using the input resistance of voltage follower, adds before signal is input to A/D interface Upper voltage follower can effectively reduce the output impedance of front-end circuit, and the load capacity for driving front end effectively increases;Equally, Voltage follower will reduce output impedance, make the collected signal of A/D closer to ideal value.

The temperature sensing circuit circuit diagram of the utility model is as shown in figure 9, temperature is excessively high to destroy control in order to prevent Device, when conceptual design, have also been included in temperature sensing circuit.System is mainly detected temperature by thermistor R71, and principle is to work as Resistance value becomes larger when temperature rises, and resistance value declines upon a drop in temperature, to cause the change of voltage value.The one of thermistor Terminate the channel ADC10 of DIPIC chip, another termination AVCC.Chip passes through the voltage value size of detection pin, to judge control Whether device overheats, and then carries out real-time overheating protection, prevents overheat from damaging to drive dynamic control device.

6 circuit diagram of DC/DC partial power module of the utility model is as shown in Fig. 2, the present embodiment uses the control of DSPIC chip The power input of molding block DSPIC33EP256MC506 and RS232 Bus Interface Chip SP3232 is 3.3V, power device module 3 driving chip IR2181 power input is 15V, and MCP2551 chip and the power input of 74ACT244MTCX chip are then 5V. So at least 3 groups of DC/DC power module 6 are powered.Specific implementation process is: power grid electric energy after over commutation, filtering processing, 15V and 5V are respectively converted by two-stage C37MC7815CD2T chip.Finally pass through LM3940 chip, be converted to 3.3V, uses In the power supply of DSPIC chip control module 1.

To sum up, a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor position Sensorless Control based on DSPIC of the utility model above scheme System structure is simple, and design is reasonable.Arithmetic speed was slow when both having overcome conventional one-piece machine control permanent magnet synchronous motor, it is difficult to apply The shortcomings that more complicated control algolithm, while solving and being provided by the control system for permanent-magnet synchronous motor interface of core of DSP again The problem that source is not abundant enough, transaction capabilities is not strong.The increased fault detection circuit of the last program, system over all Integration degree Height, cheap, market application prospect is preferable.

It is the preferred embodiment of the utility model above, it is all to change according to made by technical solutions of the utility model, it is produced Function without departing from technical solutions of the utility model range when, belong to the protection scope of the utility model.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of permanent magnet synchronous motor control device based on DSPIC chip, which is characterized in that including DSPIC chip controls mould Block (1), Pulse width modulation module (2), power device module (3), communication module (4), comprehensive detection module (5) and power supply mould Block (6), the Pulse width modulation module (2), communication module (4) and comprehensive detection module (5) respectively with the DSPIC chip Control module (1) connection, the power device module (3) connect with the Pulse width modulation module (2), the comprehensive detection Module (5) is also connect with the power device module (3), for detecting electric current, voltage and temperature, and be will test data and is transferred to The DSPIC chip control module (1)；The DSPIC chip control module (1) is carried out by communication module (4) and host computer Data and instruction transmission, the Pulse width modulation module (2) receive the motor that the DSPIC chip control module (1) issues Signal is controlled, the operating of permanent magnet synchronous motor is controlled by the power device module (3), the power module (6) is to other Each module for power supply.

2. the permanent magnet synchronous motor control device according to claim 1 based on DSPIC chip, which is characterized in that described The model DSPIC33EP256MC506 of DSPIC chip control module (1).

3. the permanent magnet synchronous motor control device according to claim 1 based on DSPIC chip, which is characterized in that described Pulse width modulation module (2) uses model 74ACT244MTCX chip.

4. the permanent magnet synchronous motor control device according to claim 1 based on DSPIC chip, which is characterized in that described Communication module (4) includes CAN interface and RS232 bus interface, and the CAN interface and RS232 bus interface are distinguished It is connect with the DSPIC chip control module (1).

5. the permanent magnet synchronous motor control device according to claim 1 based on DSPIC chip, which is characterized in that described It include the power-switching circuit being made of C37MC7815CD2T, C37MC7815CDR4, LM3940 chip in power module (6).