CN202918235U - Brushless DC motor speed-adjusting device based on DSP - Google Patents
Brushless DC motor speed-adjusting device based on DSP Download PDFInfo
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- CN202918235U CN202918235U CN2012206172351U CN201220617235U CN202918235U CN 202918235 U CN202918235 U CN 202918235U CN 2012206172351 U CN2012206172351 U CN 2012206172351U CN 201220617235 U CN201220617235 U CN 201220617235U CN 202918235 U CN202918235 U CN 202918235U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a motor speed-adjusting device and especially relates to a brushless DC motor speed-adjusting device based on a DSP (Digital Signal Processor). The brushless DC motor speed-adjusting device based on the DPS includes an opto-coupling isolating circuit, a three-phase inverter, a current sampling circuit, a modulation circuit, an over-current protection circuit, three Hall sensors, an LED display and a key board. The brushless DC motor speed-adjusting device based on the DPS provided by the utility model has an advantage of quick response and is suitable for occasions requiring for high control precision. Compared with a prior adjusting circuit composed of an analog circuit and separated elements, the circuit structure is simplified. Compared with an adjusting circuit based on a single-chip microprocessor, a hardware condition is provided for developing an intelligent controlling and adjusting device.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of motor speed control device, especially a kind of brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor.
Background technology
The development of brshless DC motor is existing history for many years so far.Traditional direct current machine needs the brush mechanical commutation and poor reliability, easily produces electromagnetic interference and spark when needing often maintenance and commutation, and noise is large.Under this background, along with modern power electronics technology developing rapidly of high-power electronic device particularly, brshless DC motor arises at the historic moment.
As far back as 1917, Boliger just proposed to replace that with rectifying tube the mechanical brush of brushless motor is arranged, thus the basic thought of the brshless DC motor that has been born.Nineteen fifty-five, the patent that the people such as U.S. D.Harrison have applied for replacing with the transistor commutation circuit mechanical brush first indicates the birth of modern brushless motor.Along with the develop rapidly of power electronics industry, many novel high-performance semiconductor power devices occur in succession, such as mosfet, IGBT etc., and the appearance of high performance permanent magnetic materials, solid foundation has been established in the extensive use that is permanent-magnet brushless DC electric machine.1978, the intramat branch of MANNESMANN company of former West Germany company released classical brushless DC motor and driver thereof, thereby the brshless DC motor that indicates the electronics commutation really enters the practical stage.
Brshless DC motor adopts the electronic commutation principle, and good speed adjustment features, detent torque are large, easy to maintenance, are used widely in fields such as Medical Instruments, machine tool industry, textile industry, automobiles.In the control of brushless DC motor, the circuit that forms with analog circuit and separate type element is the earliest controlled motor, because its control circuit is complicated, and exists the null offset phenomenon, stability is not strong.Therefore, progressively replaced by senior digital control approach, these senior digital control schemes mainly adopt Single-chip Controlling.Compare with the analog circuit of complexity, single-chip microcomputer has the advantages such as circuit design is simple, computing is fast, modification of program is convenient, control precision is high, inferred-zero drift.In addition, brshless DC motor specialized simulation chip, such as the MC33035 of motorola company, because cheap, customization is convenient, but inapplicable to the demanding occasion of control performance at some.
The utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is the deficiency for the above-mentioned background technology, and a kind of brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor are provided.
The utility model adopts following technical scheme for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
A kind of brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor comprise: optical coupling isolation circuit, three-phase inverter, current sampling circuit, modulate circuit, circuit overcurrent protection, three Hall elements, light-emitting diode display, keyboard;
The input of described optocoupler inverter circuit is connected with dsp processor, the input of output termination three-phase inverter;
The input of described current sampling circuit is connected with the output of three-phase inverter, and output is connected with the input of modulate circuit;
The first output of described modulate circuit is connected with dsp processor, and the second output is taken over the input of current protecting circuit;
The output of described circuit overcurrent protection is connected with dsp processor;
The output of described three-phase inverting circuit is connected with the input of brshless DC motor, and the input of described three Hall elements is connected with the output of brshless DC motor;
The output of described three Hall elements, light-emitting diode display, keyboard, system power supply circuit are connected with dsp processor respectively.
Further, described a kind of brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor is characterized in that described dsp processor is the TMS320F2806 chip.
Further, described a kind of brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor characterized by further comprising the RS-485 interface that is connected with dsp processor.
The utility model adopts technique scheme, has following beneficial effect: the utlity model has the fast advantage of response, be applicable to the high occasion of control precision.Compare with the debug circuit that traditional analog circuit and separate type element form, simplified circuit structure; Compare with SCM Based debug circuit, for developing intellectual resource control debugging apparatus provides hardware condition.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the module map based on the brshless DC motor speed regulating device of dsp processor.
Fig. 2 is in twos conducting Y type johning knot composition of brshless DC motor.
Fig. 3 is the Hpwm-Lon PWM modulation system of brshless DC motor.
Fig. 4 is brshless DC motor speed regulating device A phase power driving circuit.
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of circuit overcurrent protection.
Fig. 6 is that brshless DC motor drives main program flow chart.
Fig. 7 is that brshless DC motor is caught the terminal program flow chart.
Fig. 8 is brshless DC motor sampling interrupt routine flow chart.
Fig. 9 is brshless DC motor two pipe conducting H_pwm-L_on modulation waveforms.
Figure 10 is brshless DC motor A phase current waveform.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the technical solution of the utility model is elaborated:
The brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor as shown in Figure 1 comprise: optical coupling isolation circuit, three-phase inverter, current sampling circuit, modulate circuit, circuit overcurrent protection, Hall element, light-emitting diode display, keyboard;
The input of optocoupler inverter circuit is connected with dsp processor, the input of output termination three-phase inverter;
The input of current sampling circuit is connected with the output of three-phase inverter, and output is connected with the input of modulate circuit;
The first output of modulate circuit is connected with dsp processor, and the second output is taken over the input of current protecting circuit;
The output of circuit overcurrent protection is connected with dsp processor;
The output of three-phase inverting circuit is connected with the input of brshless DC motor, and the input of described Hall element is connected with the output of brshless DC motor;
The output of Hall element, light-emitting diode display, keyboard are connected with dsp processor respectively.
The TMS320F2806 processor is based on the fixed DSP of TMS320C2xx kernel, is the motion control family device that integrated level is higher, performance is stronger.F2806 compares F2812 enhancement mode peripheral module ePWM, eCAP and eQEP is provided.Kernel and I/O voltage 1.8V and 3.3V.Clock frequency can reach 100MHz behind inner frequency multiplication of phase locked loop.F2806 connects three-phase inverter circuitry (3) with crossing light lotus root buffer circuit, and the pwm signal that DSP is produced is converted into the signal that is enough to the action of driving switch pipe, thereby the direct current that external power source provides is transformed to the alternating current that drives brshless DC motor.
Current detection circuit is with noninductive low resistance resistance the armature winding current to be sampled.The size of electric current is that the voltage with the resistance two ends represents.Voltage amplifies and low-pass filtering through modulate circuit, and the elimination high-frequency noise send the interior ADC sampling channel of sheet and the current protecting circuit of TMSF2806 to make Current Control.
Three-phase inverter connecting band Hall element brshless DC motor, three road phase difference Hall tach signals send TMS320F2806 sheet IT unit eCAP, finish motor speed and calculate and particular moment commutation operation.
Adopting " conducting Y type connects in twos " to reach " singly cutting the PWM modulation " controls brshless DC motor.
Brshless DC motor is comprised of stator and rotor, comprises simultaneously position transducer, control circuit and logic switch reversing arrangement.The magnetic field that stator winding produces and the permanent magnetic field that rotates the generation of rotor magnet steel remain 90 degree electrical degrees in the space.This is with regard to drive motors ceaselessly rotates so that two magnetic field produces maximum average torque.Adopt six pipe full-bridge inverters " conducting Y type connects in twos " to switching tube VTx (x=1,2 ... 6) control, in the hope of obtaining best torque and speed adjusting performance.Conducting Y type johning knot composition as shown in Figure 2 in twos.
Adopt in twos conducting Y type commonly used to connect, each moment only has two power tube VTx conducting, every the commutation of 1/6 cycle once, and each power tube of commutation, each power tube conducting 120 degree electrical degree.Conducting order VT6VT1-VT1VT2 one VT2VT3 one VT3VT4 one VT4VT5 of each power tube-VT6VT1.For example, when power tube VT6VT1 conducting, electric current flows into the A phase winding from the VT1 pipe, flows out from the B phase winding again, gets back to ground through the VT6 pipe.The synthetic torque direction size of each commutation is constant, and direction changes by electrical degree 60 degree.Suppose forward by as above order commutation, counter-rotating is contrary order commutation then.
Switch controlled adopts the PWM modulation system.Different PWM modulation systems is different on commutation torque pulsation impact.Must select suitable modulation system to make the commutation torque pulsation minimum.Fig. 3 has provided and has singly cut control PWM ripple modulated process.Analytical proof, when under the identical busbar voltage, the steady-state value of singly cutting winding current under ten thousand formulas is greater than two steady-state values of cutting winding current under the mode at given identical duty.And two power switch dynamic power consumptions of cutting under the mode are large, and it is more serious to generate heat.The utility model adopts upper bridge PWM, and lower bridge is permanent logical.It is H_pwm-L_on PWM modulation system.
Adopt " meet limit and weaken integral PID " algorithm that motor speed is regulated.Suppose that r (t) is set-point, y (t) is the real output value of system, set-point and real output value consist of control deviation e (t), and e (t) is as the input of PID controller, and u (t) is as the output of PID controller and the input of controlled device.Analog pid is written as formula (1):
It is digital control that native system adopts TMS320F2806 that motor speed is done, and needs the analog pid discretization is processed.Obtain Discrete PI D formula, as shown in Equation (2):
Here: K
p, K
i, K
dBe referred to as respectively ratio, integration, the differential coefficient of PID controller.For the purpose of convenience of calculation, to formula (2) variation, only calculate the increment △ u of controlled quentity controlled variable, can use the increment type PID control algolithm, shown in formula (3):
△U
k=K
p(e
k-e
k-1)+k
ie
k+k
d(e
k-2e
k-1+e
k-2) (3)
Can find out, if pid parameter is definite, as long as use the deviation of 3 measured values in front and back, just can obtain controlling increment by formula (3).In conjunction with last output U
K-1Can calculate current PID output U
k" meeting limit and weaken integral PID " is the saturated pid algorithm of anti-integration item.
Commutation and rotating speed calculate and regulation scheme is the core that software is realized.Rotor-position signal obtains by three Hall elements, and each Hall element can both produce the output signal of 180 ° of pulsewidths, and 120 ° of phase angles of output signal mutual deviation.They have six and rise or trailing edge in each machinery turns like this, and corresponding six commutations constantly respectively.The eCAP unit of TMS320F2806 is set to two along triggering the seizure interrupt function.Being set to CAP1～CAP3 in each interrupt trap program is I/O input port and the level state that checks them, revises thus ePWM1 ~ ePWM3 unit AQCSFRC, the output of AQCTLA/B register realization switch controlled signal.In the capture interrupt program, reset CAP1～CAP3 trapped state after the execution commutation, wait for next time commutation operation.
Simultaneously, rotor-position signal is also for detection of motor speed.Select 0 pair of twice commutation time interval frequency counting of timer.In each capture interrupt, at first the value of counter is kept at the speed parameter variable range, and with last time counter value differ, just can obtain the time interval of twice commutation.And the corresponding 60 degree rotor electrical degrees of each commutation change.When the capture interrupt EP (end of program) timer closed afterwards first and open, the counting zero clearing is carried out next commutation and is measured.Motor speed n, number of pole-pairs p, timer count value T, count frequency f Relations Among can use formula (4) to calculate.
When the working control motor speed, by integration amplitude limit and output violent change, can effectively reduce overshoot.For control system can be stablized, when the speed sampling error is set threshold values less than certain, just can think that last time error was the zero system's concussion that can avoid like this some little disturbances to cause.The PID rotational speed regulation is finished in the current sample interrupt routine.Consider busbar voltage, current pulsation, in the program electric current, voltage sample numerical value are done multiple averaging and calculate.Simultaneously, design PID accommodometer number variable in program is take 250ms as rotational speed regulation chronomere.EPWM1, ePWM2, ePWM3 unit CMPA.half.CMPA, CMPB comparand register are upgraded respectively in PID output.
The TMS320F2806 processor chips are comprised of the functional units such as sampling unit ADC, capturing unit eCAP, pulse-width modulation ePWM, JTAG, power supply and ground, serial communication interface SCI in the sheet.The XCLKIN pin connects external active 10MHz crystal and is operated in 100MHz after by in house software 10 frequencys multiplication.A3.3V, D3.3V, D1.8V working power are exported through the special chip TPS767HD318 of TI company by Switching Power Supply+5V input.Analog power and digital power, simulation ground and digitally between isolate with inductance.The 0.1uf polarity free capacitor is selected in power pin filtering.
Brshless DC motor speed regulating device A phase power driving circuit as shown in Figure 4, inverter power switching tube Q5, Q6 adopts IRF540N, its rated voltage and rated current reach respectively 500V and 20A, drive the IR2103 that chip U12 adopts IR company to produce, this chip input HIN and output HO homophase, LIN and LO are reverse.The highest direct voltage that can drive is 600V, and input HIN, LIN have Schmidt trigger, can the little disturbance of automatic shield, prevent misoperation.When system power-on reset, the motor PWM control module of DSP will be set to universal I/O port, and HIN control pin arranges low level, and LIN control pin connects high level.The conducting of IRF540 high level.So just can guarantee that bridge arm direct pass occurring at the Shi Buhui that resets burns out metal-oxide-semiconductor.Here provided A phase half-bridge drive circuit.B phase, C phase drive circuit are mutually identical with A.Bootstrap capacitor C40 selects the 10uf polarity free capacitor.Switching tube also connects fast recovery diode US2D.0.22 being serially connected between dc bus and the ground, two resistance R 75 of ohm/2w, R76 parallel connection finish current sample.
Circuit overcurrent protection as shown in Figure 5.The bus current signal converts voltage signal SC input " rail-to-rail " amplifier LMV324 to through sampling resistor and amplifies.One tunnel AD mouth that behind low pass RC filter, is input to TMS320F2806 wherein, another road signal is inputted as the LM393 comparator by the output of LMV324 pin one, when detecting electric current greater than setting electric current, LM393 output high level signal OC send TMS320F2806 general purpose I/O pin, to PWM ripple output control, in case contingency occurs.
The utility model software code is finished under the CCS2.2 version.CCS Code Design operating room is the integrated visual dsp software developing instrument that Ti company releases.The brush DC drive software mainly comprises the three functions module: main program, capture interrupt program, the adc interrupt routine of sampling.
Main program is mainly finished the initialization setting of variable and parameter.Data type is comprised of int, unsigned int, float, and whole program is carried out Floating-point Computation.Defining respectively hall signal condition, motor steering, DC bus-bar voltage, electric current, PWM duty ratio, rotating speed is basic variable.The adoption rate integral PI is regulated, and makes differential coefficient Kd=0.Kp, Ki adopt " trial and error procedure " method to determine according to motor and load environment.The main program incipient stage, in the system initialization function, the clock phase-locked loop register is done 10 frequency multiplication settings, guarantee that master chip works at 100MHz.It is the GPIO input that initialization eCAP1/2/3 catches pin.Selecting ADCINA0/1 is DC bus-bar voltage and current sample passage.Simple sequence SEQ1 sequential sampling.The sampling down trigger is enabled the ePWM cycle and is mated.Six tunnel outputs of ePWM1/2/3 module by IR2103 driving switch pipe, are finished two pipe conducting H_pwm-L_on modulation through the isolation of light lotus root.When dc brushless motor started, the duty cycle register initial value was set as 50%.After eCAP, ePWM, the ADC module initialization, open interrupt latency and interrupt occuring.As shown in Figure 6.
The capture interrupt program is mainly finished three road hall signal level detection, and sets and to finish machinery and turn 6 commutations according to detecting state and motor steering.The pin output of ePWM unit has the height of pressure, forces low, effectively high and hangs down effective four kinds of different situations.When motor speed calculated, it was overall type that definition timer 0 interrupts counting variable count.In the capture interrupt program, read the count value and can determine the commutation time interval twice.As shown in Figure 7.
The sampling interrupt routine is mainly finished busbar voltage and current sample, only rotating speed is carried out PI in this project and regulates.Current/voltage was mainly used in/under voltage, overcurrent protection.Sampled value is repeatedly done simple mathematic(al) mean can realize the Project design requirement fully.Motor speed is regulated and is adopted incremental PID algorithm, and each increment size amplitude limit reduces oscillatory occurences in the adjustment process in the adjustment process.As shown in Figure 8.
The utility model is implemented the performance test brief description of rear system: test is selected 57BL with the brshless DC motor model, rated power 80W, rated voltage 24V, rated current 5A, 3000 rev/mins of rated speeds, Fig. 9 has provided control A, and upper pipe pwm modulation and C descend HO and the LO output waveform of Guan Hengtong mutually mutually.Logic control meets design requirement fully.Figure 10 has provided band and has carried lower A phase current " square wave " waveform.Rotational speed setup adds heavy load, and the square wave feature of electric current is more obvious.
In sum, the utlity model has the fast advantage of response, be applicable to the high occasion of control precision.Compare with the debug circuit that traditional analog circuit and separate type element form, simplified circuit structure; Compare with SCM Based debug circuit, for developing intellectual resource control debugging apparatus provides hardware condition.
Claims (3)
1. brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor is characterized in that comprising: optical coupling isolation circuit, three-phase inverter, current sampling circuit, modulate circuit, circuit overcurrent protection, three Hall elements, light-emitting diode display, keyboard;
The input of described optocoupler inverter circuit is connected with dsp processor, the input of output termination three-phase inverter;
The input of described current sampling circuit is connected with the output of three-phase inverter, and output is connected with the input of modulate circuit;
The first output of described modulate circuit is connected with dsp processor, and the second output is taken over the input of current protecting circuit;
The output of described circuit overcurrent protection is connected with dsp processor;
The output of described three-phase inverting circuit is connected with the input of brshless DC motor, and the input of described three Hall elements is connected with the output of brshless DC motor;
The output of described three Hall elements, light-emitting diode display, keyboard, system power supply circuit are connected with dsp processor respectively.
2. a kind of brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor according to claim 1 is characterized in that described dsp processor is the TMS320F2806 chip.
3. a kind of brshless DC motor speed regulating device based on dsp processor according to claim 1 and 2 characterized by further comprising the RS-485 interface that is connected with dsp processor.
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| CN2012206172351U CN202918235U (en) | 2012-11-20 | 2012-11-20 | Brushless DC motor speed-adjusting device based on DSP |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102957369A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-03-06 | 无锡商业职业技术学院 | Brushless DC (Direct Current) motor speed regulation device on basis of DSP (Digital Signal Processor) |
| CN110424093A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-08 | 常州泽明自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of brushless controller of Computerized flat knitting machine control roller operation |
-
2012
- 2012-11-20 CN CN2012206172351U patent/CN202918235U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102957369A (en) * | 2012-11-20 | 2013-03-06 | 无锡商业职业技术学院 | Brushless DC (Direct Current) motor speed regulation device on basis of DSP (Digital Signal Processor) |
| CN110424093A (en) * | 2019-08-05 | 2019-11-08 | 常州泽明自动化设备有限公司 | A kind of brushless controller of Computerized flat knitting machine control roller operation |
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| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C17 | Cessation of patent right | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20130501 Termination date: 20131120 |