CN209550635U - A kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system - Google Patents
A kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing systems, including numerically-controlled machine tool and workpiece system, vibration test system, deformation test system and Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature, the numerically-controlled machine tool and workpiece system are mainly by Machine, turning cutting tool and workpiece composition, the vibration test system is mainly by vibrating sensor, vibration signals collecting instrument composition, the deformation test system is mainly by Eddy current displacement sensor, preamplifier, regulated power supply, voltage signal acquisition instrument composition, the Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature is mainly by infrared radiation thermometer, surface-type temperature meter composition.The utility model can three kinds of synchronous acquisition displacement, three-dimensional acceleration and temperature signals in turning, real-time monitoring is carried out to the state of turning system, and analyze the correlation of three kinds of signal characteristics and influence each other.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing systems, belong to machine
Tool processing technique field.
Background technique
It is reported that turnery processing is the important way of machining, it is to carry out relative motion between a kind of workpiece and lathe tool
Remove the process of excess stock.Turning deformation, turning heat and turning vibration are the common phenomena in Tutrning Process.Turning
Cheng Zhong, rotational workpieces can generate bending deformation under the action of Cutting Force；Work between cutter and workpiece due to shearing and squeezing
With a large amount of turning heat can be generated, cutter and workpiece temperature is caused to increase, turning heat easily causes tool wear, in reduction cutter
Making the precision of workpiece while service life reduces, and turning temperature raising can also generate residual stress on workpiece, to influence
The service performance of part；Lasting Cutting Force, which acts on the system of processing that cutter is formed with workpiece, to cause system of processing to be shaken
It is dynamic, and it is superimposed with the intrinsic vibration of system of processing the frictional behavior so that the position of plastically deforming area, cutter rake face and chip
And cutter flank and the frictional behavior of workpiece change, corresponding shear heat and frictional heat change；When workpiece occurs
When deformation, Cutting Force, frictional behavior and the size of shear zone and position for acting on system of processing can also change therewith, into
And cause turning heat and turning vibration change.It follows that the heat of turning system, power, deformation, phase interaction between vibration
With, influence each other.Meanwhile the influence of turning vibration, turning deformation and turning temperature to Tutrning Process is very important.Mesh
Before, have many scholars and turning process is studied, but since turning mechanism is highly complex, is generally confined to from theory
Or the angle of test or numerical simulation analyzes individual stress field, temperature field or the variation of vibration displacement.There is not yet about
The synchronous real-time testing of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature three and analysis system, while also being rotated without literature research
The correlation of workpiece turning deformation, turning vibration and turning heat.Thus, it is necessary to design turning vibration-turning deformation-turning
Real-time temperature test sytem and analysis system could study turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature spy on this basis
Sign, and then study under different Cutting parameters, different cutting tool state bottom tool turning vibrations, workpiece deformation and cutter turning temperature
Changing rule, and analyze influencing each other for three.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is that: in view of the defects existing in the prior art, propose that a kind of turning vibration-turning becomes
Shape-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system synchronous acquisition displacement, three-dimensional acceleration and three kinds of temperature can be believed in turning
Number, real-time monitoring is carried out to the state of turning system, and analyze influencing each other for three kinds of signals.
In order to reach the goals above, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows: a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning
Temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system, including numerically-controlled machine tool and workpiece system, vibration test system, deformation test system and temperature
Test macro；The numerically-controlled machine tool and workpiece system are mainly made of Machine, turning cutting tool and workpiece；The vibration-testing
System is mainly made of vibrating sensor, vibration signals collecting instrument, for acquiring and analyzing the three-way vibration of cutter；The deformation
Test macro is mainly made of Eddy current displacement sensor, regulated power supply, voltage signal acquisition instrument, for acquiring and analyzing in real time
The dynamic bending of rotational workpieces free end deforms；The Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature is mainly by infrared radiation thermometer, surface-type temperature meter group
At for acquiring the temperature at cutter rake face point of a knife in real time.
The system of the utility model can measure simultaneously and draw different Cutting parameters bottom tool turning three-way vibration time domains
It is bent from frequency domain character curve, the deformation behaviour curve of rotational workpieces and maximum distortion, different Cutting parameters bottom tool temperature characterisitics
Line；Assessment turning system safe condition can be monitored in real time；It can establish turning temperature rise, turning vibration, turner deformation, vehicle
Cut the correlation models between parameter, analyze turning vibration under identical Cutting parameters, turning temperature, turning deformation influence each other
Rule；The cutter of different state of wear its turning vibration, turning deformation and turning temperature can be monitored, in order to more tool changing in time
Tool.In addition, Non-contacting Infrared Thermometer used in the system of the utility model and Eddy current displacement sensor can be effective
Avoid cutter and rotational workpieces relative movement in turning process that security risk caused by conducting wire winding occurs.
The technical solution that the utility model advanced optimizes is as follows:
Preferably, the vibration signals collecting instrument, voltage signal acquisition instrument, infrared radiation thermometer are connected with computer, described
Vibration signals collecting and analysis software, displacement signal acquisition and analysis software, temperature signal collection and analysis are installed in computer
Software.
Preferably, the turning cutting tool is mounted on knife rest, and blade is equipped on the turning cutting tool, and the blade is hard
Matter alloy blade, the knife rest and workpiece are mounted on Machine, and the workpiece is cylindrical metal material.
Preferably, the vibrating sensor is piezoelectric type three-dimensional acceleration transducer, and the piezoelectric type three-dimensional acceleration passes
Sensor is installed on lower section of the knife handle rake face at point of a knife.
Preferably, the vibration signals collecting instrument is connected with vibrating sensor, and the vibration signals collecting instrument is charge letter
Number input type Acquisition Instrument, the charge signal input type Acquisition Instrument built-in amplifier and filter.
Preferably, the Eddy current displacement sensor is non-contact displacement transducer, the contactless displacement sensing
Device includes probe and preamplifier, and the probe vertical is placed in rotational workpieces free end, and the probe and workpiece are free
End is there are gap, and the probe is connected with collet connecting rod, and the collet connecting rod is fixedly connected by magnetic force mounting with the body of lathe bed.
Preferably, the voltage signal acquisition instrument is displacement signal acquisition instrument；The displacement signal acquisition instrument is voltage letter
Number input type Acquisition Instrument.
Preferably, it is deformed when test in order to incude and obtain lesser turning, the amount of the Eddy current displacement sensor
Journey should be as small as possible, generally less than or equal to 1.5mm.
Preferably, the probe of the Eddy current displacement sensor is connected by the input terminal of cable and preamplifier,
The output end of the preamplifier is connect with the voltage input interface of voltage signal acquisition instrument, and the preamplifier is by pressure stabilizing
Power supply power supply.
Preferably, the infrared radiation thermometer is hand-held infrared temperature instrument, and the surface-type temperature meter is used for auxiliary calibration
The emissivity of infrared radiation thermometer.The temperature in turning region near stationary knife point is measured before each Cutting experiment using surface-type temperature,
For adjusting the emissivity of infrared radiation thermometer, measure the temperature of infrared radiation thermometer thermometric Display panel and surface-type temperature
Temperature is consistent, emissivity of the emissivity as infrared radiation thermometer in following Cutting experiment.
The utility model has the advantages that giving turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real-time monitoring of complete set
With analysis system, turning vibration, rotational workpieces turning deformation and turning temperature can be observed in real time and is joined with turning time and turning
Several variations；Coherent signal can be extracted after the test and draw cutter turning three-way vibration time-domain and frequency-domain indicatrix,
The deformation behaviour curve of rotational workpieces and different Cutting parameters bottom tool temperature characteristics under different Cutting parameters, can be with root
According to experimental data building turning temperature rise value, turning vibration, turning deformation, the model of fit between Cutting parameters, analyze them it
Between Mutual Influence Law；In addition, sensor that the system of the utility model uses is more common, price is economical, greatly reduce
Experimentation cost.
Detailed description of the invention
The utility model will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is that turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system principle of the utility model is shown
It is intended to.
Fig. 2 is the schematic illustration of rotational workpieces turning bending deformation test macro in the utility model.
Fig. 3 is that laser beam and point of a knife wait for the positional diagram at testing temperature in the utility model
Fig. 4 is the time history curve graph of turning temperature under level Four revolving speed in the utility model.
Fig. 5 is the tool temperature time plot in the utility model under three kinds of different state of wear.
Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 is the time history curve graph of cutter three-way vibration in the utility model, and wherein Fig. 6 is axial (x to)
Vibration, Fig. 7 are radial (y to) vibration, and Fig. 8 is tangential (z to) vibration.
Fig. 9 is three-way vibration acceleration mean value in the utility model with the changing rule figure of the speed of mainshaft.
Figure 10 is three-way vibration acceleration mean value in the utility model with the change curve of feed speed.
Figure 11 to Figure 14 is the time history curve graph of workpiece free end deformation in the utility model, the wherein turning of Figure 11
Parameter: n=1600r/min, vf=160mm/min, apThe Cutting parameters of=0.3mm, Figure 12: n=2000r/min, vf=
160mm/min, apThe Cutting parameters of=0.3mm, Figure 13: n=1600r/min, vf=160mm/min, ap=0.5mm, Figure 14
Cutting parameters: n=800r/min, vf=160mm/min, ap=0.5mm.
Figure 15 is that workpiece free end deforms root-mean-square value with the change curve of the speed of mainshaft in the utility model.
Specific embodiment
Embodiment one
Present embodiments provide a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system, such as Fig. 1
It is shown, including numerically-controlled machine tool and workpiece system, vibration test system, deformation test system and Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature.Numerically-controlled machine tool
And workpiece system is mainly made of Machine, turning cutting tool and workpiece, turning cutting tool is mounted on knife rest, is pacified on turning cutting tool
Equipped with blade, blade is carbide chip, and knife rest and workpiece are mounted on Machine, and workpiece is cylindrical metal material.
Vibration test system is mainly made of vibrating sensor, vibration signals collecting instrument, for acquiring and analyzing the three-way vibration of cutter；
Deformation test system is mainly made of Eddy current displacement sensor, regulated power supply, voltage signal acquisition instrument, in real time acquire with
Analyze the dynamic bending deformation of rotational workpieces free end；Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature is mainly by infrared radiation thermometer, surface-type temperature meter group
At for acquiring the temperature at cutter rake face point of a knife in real time.Wherein, vibration signals collecting instrument, voltage signal acquisition instrument, infrared
Temperature measurer is connected with computer, be equipped in computer vibration signals collecting and analysis software, displacement signal acquisition and analysis software,
Temperature signal collection and analysis software.
Vibrating sensor is piezoelectric type three-dimensional acceleration transducer, is installed on lower section of the knife handle rake face at point of a knife.
Vibration signals collecting instrument is connected with vibrating sensor, and vibration signals collecting instrument is charge signal input type Acquisition Instrument, the charge
Signal input type Acquisition Instrument built-in amplifier and filter.
As shown in Fig. 2, Eddy current displacement sensor is non-contact displacement transducer, non-contact displacement transducer includes
Probe and preamplifier, probe vertical are placed in rotational workpieces free end, and there are gap, probe and folders with workpiece free end
Head connecting rod is connected, and collet connecting rod is fixedly connected by magnetic force mounting with the body of lathe bed.Voltage signal acquisition instrument is adopted for displacement signal
Collect instrument, which uses voltage signal input type Acquisition Instrument (such as digital deformeter).When test in order to
Incude and obtain lesser turning deformation, the range of Eddy current displacement sensor should be as small as possible, generally less than 1.5mm.Eddy current
The probe of displacement sensor is connected by the input terminal of cable and preamplifier, and the output end and voltage of preamplifier are believed
The voltage input interface connection of number Acquisition Instrument, preamplifier are powered by regulated power supply.
Infrared radiation thermometer is hand-held infrared temperature instrument, and surface-type temperature meter is used for the transmitting of auxiliary calibration infrared radiation thermometer
Rate.
A kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system, method for building up are as follows:
Step 1: designing and setting up pilot system
The pilot system includes (1) numerically-controlled machine tool and workpiece system, mainly by groups such as Machine, turning cutting tool and workpiece
At；(2) vibration test system acquires cutter rake face point of a knife place by three-dimensional acceleration transducer and vibration signals collecting instrument
Three-way vibration signal at corresponding knife handle lower surface, three-way vibration signal include vibration of the cutter along workpiece axial direction direction of feed
It moves, along the vibration and the vibration tangential along workpiece of workpiece radial direction；(3) deformation test system passes through Eddy current displacement sensor and electricity
Press the deformation signal of the displacement signal acquisition instrument acquisition rotational workpieces of signal input type；(4) Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature passes through infrared survey
Temperature at warm instrument acquisition cutter rake face point of a knife.
Step 2: the preparation of workpiece
The preparation of workpiece material includes several links such as material selection, material sawing, coarse-fine vehicle material.
(1) metal bar (such as aluminium bar or iron staff etc.) is selected to make according to testing program and laboratory's current material first
For turner；
(2) selected turning material is fixed on brave bench vice, aluminium bar is sawn into total length l=with hacksaw by hand
The stub of 200mm；
(3) rough turn, finishing processing is carried out to the aluminium bar sawed by numerically controlled lathe and obtains the test specimen diameter of part to be processed,
And the length that part to be processed is arranged is l.
Step 3: the connection and detection of three-dimensional vibration measuring equipment
(1) ensure that the power supply of vibration signals collecting instrument is in close state before line；
(2) piezoelectricity three-dimensional acceleration transducer is fixed on knife handle lower surface by magnet base, x is to, y to, z to respectively
Access 3 charge signal input channels of vialog；
(3) sensitivity of sensor is set in vibration signals collecting instrument according to the model of sensor, and calculates calibration system
Number creates demarcating file；
(4) vibration signals collecting instrument is connected to a computer by two-way USB data line；
(5) switch for opening vibration signals collecting instrument is allowed in the open state；
(6) acquisition parameter is set, " high-speed data acquisition " on vibration signals collecting software panel is clicked, in the face of pop-up
" acquisition file (deposits) O " is clicked on plate, selection saves the position of file, filename, clicks " preservation " after the completion, then sets
" frequency acquisition ", " acquisition time ", " acquisition starts channel " and " acquisition terminates channel "；
(7) acquisition resets and acquires vibration signal, " acquisition is reset " before acquisition starts on single-click interface, acquisition clearing
" starting to acquire " is clicked afterwards, pats sensor after starting acquisition, the waveform on observation oscilloscope is automatic after the time for acquiring setting
Terminate acquisition.As can correct acquisition, oscillography then indicate that vibration measuring system is working properly.
Step 4: the connection and detection of deformation test equipment
Before measurement deformation, probe vertical is positioned radially in rotational workpieces free end, along workpiece first, and certainly with workpiece
By holding there are gap, clearance distance is arranged according to sensor operation instruction, then according to Fig. 2 correct wiring and carries out state inspection
It surveys, the specific steps of which are as follows:
(1) ensure that the power supply of voltage input formula signal sampler (such as dynamic strain indicator) is in close state before line；
(2) probe of Eddy current displacement sensor is connected by the input terminal of cable and preamplifier, such as Fig. 2 institute
Show；
(3) the voltage input interface of the output end of preamplifier and dynamic strain indicator connects；
(4) preamplifier is powered using 24V D.C. regulated power supply, line is as shown in Figure 2；
(5) the collet connecting rod of Eddy current displacement sensor is fixed on the body of lathe bed by magnetic force mounting, makes sensor
Contact close to workpiece；
(6) according to the Calculation of Sensitivity calibration coefficient of Eddy current displacement sensor specification；
(7) demarcating file is created, acquisition parameter is set, deformeter is connected with computer, cut-in voltage input type signal is adopted
Collect instrument power supply, open voltage signal acquisition software matched with signal sampler on computer, clicks " creation demarcating file " and set
Calibration coefficient is set, " high-speed data acquisition " is clicked, after accomplishing the setting up clicks " preservation "；
(8) acquisition, which is reset, first clicks " acquisition is reset " on panel, then before acquisition starts with acquisition displacement signal
Click the test that " starting to acquire " carries out equipment.
Step 5: the connection and detection of temperature measuring equipment
Correct wiring is needed before thermometric and carries out state-detection, the specific steps are as follows:
(1) infrared radiation thermometer is connected to personal computer by a dedicated data line；
(2) it is several that No. 5 batteries are bought, corresponding good positive and negative anodes are put into No. 5 batteries of 4 section in infrared radiation thermometer, make infrared
Temperature measurer is in power supply state；
(3) power supply for opening infrared radiation thermometer, double-clicks the buckle at index finger, and infrared radiation thermometer is made to keep lock state；
(4) the temperature acquisition software installed in computer is opened, on click software panel " FIND searches infrared equipment,
Find appearance " GO " on equipment plate；
(5) temperature of aluminium bar is measured to detect to temp measuring system, is inquired emissivity table, is found the emissivity of aluminium bar,
" SETTING " button on temperature software collection panel is clicked, the emissivity and sampling frequency of material are set on the panel of pop-up
Rate clicks " OK " after being provided with；
(6) according to the position deviation value between lens and laser beam, the buckle of long-pressing infrared radiation thermometer makes infrared radiation thermometer
Laser is issued, laser is made to impinge upon aluminium bar position on the lower side, is clicked " GO " on temperature panel, " END " on panel is clicked after 1min,
Pop-up saves FileDialog, and selection saves the position of file, filename and file format in dialog box.As can smoothly adopting
Collection then indicates that temp measuring system connection is finished and be can work normally.
Step 6: the mark of laser positioning point
According to the distance between the lens of infrared radiation thermometer and laser beam, the position on cutter where laser beam can be calculated
(see Fig. 3).Specific steps are as follows:
(1) in Fig. 3, A is region to be measured near point of a knife, and C is laser beam position, measures the lens of infra-red thermometer and swashs
The distance between light beam determines the relative positional relationship of the two, and wherein OA is perpendicular to feed speed, OA=24.5mm；
(2) according to temperature spot to be measured, laser beam position on cutter is measured using tools such as ruler, vernier calipers, and
Double-sided adhesive intersection is used to be attached on cutter as (detail location relationship is as shown in Figure 3) is marked, when test makes laser beam to fiducial mark
Remember position C, then the lens of infrared radiation thermometer are aligned with A, and the measurement of point of a knife neighbouring position temperature, OC=8.5mm can be realized.
Step 7: operator's share scheme
Cutting experiment scheme is formulated, sequentially carries out Cutting experiment according to the Cutting parameters of setting.Synchronous acquisition turning temperature
The deformation vibration signal of signal, turning vibration signal and workpiece needs 6 people to cooperate to complete.Wherein, temperature signal collection needs
2 people, 1 people are responsible for that infrared radiation thermometer is taken to be directed at lathe tool, and 1 people is responsible for manipulating temperature acquisition software；Vibration cutting signal acquisition needs
1 people is wanted, the operation of vibration acquisition software is responsible for；Workpiece deformation vibration signal needs 1 people；It operates lathe and needs 1 people；Additionally need
1 personal responsibility test is wanted to enter for the Cutting parameters and record Cutting experiment of each turning in the process.The task of personnel distribute and
The step of when turning, is as follows:
(1) personnel for being responsible for test data sheet enter for Cutting parameters according to the number of test；
(2) personnel for being responsible for operation lathe input reported parameter on the operation panel of lathe and ask whether to be ready to out
Begin to test；
(3) it is responsible for so that infra-red thermometer laser point is directed at lathe tool upper surface laser labelling by the personnel of infra-red thermometer
After point, illustrate to have been prepared for measuring；
(4) personnel for being responsible for operation temperature acquisition software click " GO " on interface, issue sign on after timing 5s；
(5) numerically controlled lathe starts turning after 5s, " starting to acquire " on click vibrations acquisition interface；
(6) after acquiring, temperature data is saved, vibration data is converted, what setting was tested next time
Data save location and title, and be zeroed out, it prepares for test next time.
Step 8: the characteristic value needed for being extracted based on test data
The time domain and frequency domain character of cutter three-way vibration signal are carried out using the matched analysis software of vibration signals collecting instrument
Analysis, extracts acceleration, the acceleration maximum value, acceleration of different Cutting parameters bottom tools from the vibration cutting data of acquisition
The frequency domain characters value such as the temporal signatures such as root-mean-square value value and auto-power spectrum value, cross-power spectrum；From the workpiece deformation data of acquisition
The middle deformation maximum value extracted under different Cutting parameters and deformation root-mean-square value；It is extracted from the point of a knife temperature data of acquisition different
The temperature maximum of point of a knife and temperature increase essential characteristics such as average value (relative to the initial temperatures before turning) under Cutting parameters
Parameter.
Step 9: drawing signal curve
Test data based on acquisition draws cutter turning three-way vibration time-domain and frequency-domain indicatrix, different turning ginsengs
The deformation behaviour curve of several lower workpiece and different Cutting parameters bottom tool temperature characteristics.
Step 10: the further annotation of function, turning temperature rise, turning vibration, turning deform influencing each other between three
Analysis
Change turning feed speed, cutting depth and the speed of mainshaft, can draw under same material difference Cutting parameters
The deformation behaviour curve and tool temperature characteristic curve of cutter turning three-way vibration time-domain and frequency-domain indicatrix, workpiece, to vehicle
The variable cut in test carries out regression fit analysis, and can establish turning temperature lift-off value, (real-time turning temperature subtracts initial ring
Border temperature) about the model of fit between turning vibration (or turning deformation) and Cutting parameters, so as to carry out correlation point
Analysis obtains turning vibration, Cutting parameters or turning deformation and deforms to the affecting laws and turning vibration of turning temperature to turning
Affecting laws etc..
If v is turning speed, vfFor feed speed, apFor turning depth.To set Cutting parameters turning feed process
In temperature increase average value measured value,For the root mean square of a direction acceleration, the maximum of rotational workpieces free end becomes
Shape is denoted as ymax.Turning temperature rise be can establish about between turning vibration, Cutting parameters or turning deformation three or in which part
Between model of fit, analyze it and influence each other.It is as follows to establish model method:
Wherein, Δ T is fitting temperature rise average value；C is fitting coefficient；X, y, z, w, u are index, and formula (a) both ends are taken
Logarithm obtains
Measured data is based on to above formula, is fitted to obtain undetermined parameter C, x, y, z, w, u etc. with least square method.
After the system of the present embodiment is established, using the dry Cutting experiment of room temperature low speed, in order to test specific turning temperature, examination
Coolant liquid is not used during testing.Blade is carbide chip, the Cutting parameters during testing have lathe spindle revolving speed n,
Axial feed velocity vfWith turning depth ap.Using length l=300mm, the aluminium bar of diameter d=45mm is as turner.Using
YD-21 type three-dimensional acceleration transducer, vibratory impulse acquisition and the analysis system of Beijing wave spectrum Co., Ltd production；Using Beijing
Wave spectrum Co., Ltd production Eddy current displacement sensor, range be 1.5mm (this range be the said firm produce minimum range,
The smaller displacement that can be measured of range is more accurate).Preamplifier using 24 volts of regulated power supplies to eddy current sensor provides
Voltage acquires using digital deformeter and its software kit and analyzes the voltage signal of Eddy current displacement sensor；Using beauty
The hand-held OS523E-2 series non-contact infrared thermometer and its acquisition software acquisition storage temperature of OMEGA company, state production
Spend signal.Each Cutting experiment time is 1 minute.Cutting experiment scheme is as shown in table 1, and wherein n is speed of mainshaft 800r/
Tetra- levels of min, 1200r/min, 1600r/min, 2000r/min, feed speed vfHave 40mm/min, 80mm/min,
Tri- levels of 160mm/min, turning depth apThere are tri- levels of 0.3mm, 0.5mm, 0.8mm.Sample frequency is 5005Hz.It is selected
Initial wear blade (D1), mid-term wearing blade (D2), the cutter being seriously worn under these three different state of wear of blade (D3)
Cutting experiment is carried out, every kind of lathe tool can be tested by the scheme of table 1.
1 Cutting experiment scheme of table
(1) turning temperature with the turning time changing rule
Can more different Cutting parameters bottom tool turning temperatures change with time rule.Fig. 4 gives mid-term abrasion
Cutter is in given turning depth ap=0.5mm, feed speed vf=40mm/min, revolving speed n=800r/min turning temperature with
The changing rule of turning time.
Turning temperature changing rule of (2) three kinds of state of wear cutters under identical Cutting parameters
Can more different state of wear cutters turning temperature with the changing rule of turning time, Fig. 5 gives three kinds
State of wear cutter is in given turning depth ap=0.5mm, feed speed vfWhen=40mm/min, when revolving speed n=800r/min
Turning temperature with the turning time changing rule.As it can be seen that the turning temperature that cutter is seriously worn under identical Cutting parameters is obviously high
In the turning temperature of initial wear cutter, and its temperature change fluctuating range is big, and the temperature-time of initial wear cutter is bent
Line is relatively steady.
(3) cutter three-way vibration with the turning time changing rule and compare
Cutting experiment under given Cutting parameters, the axial of available cutter, radial direction and tangential acceleration vibration are at any time
Between changing rule, and compare the peak acceleration a of three-way vibrationmaxOr acceleration mean valueDeng can be divided by one group of data
The vibration for analysing which direction is most significant.
Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 gives initial wear cutter in turning depth ap=0.3mm, feed speed vf=40mm/min, turn
The time-domain curve of three-dimensional acceleration vibration when fast n=800r/min, Fig. 6 are axial (x to) vibration, and Fig. 7 is radial (y to) vibration
Dynamic, Fig. 8 is tangential (z to) vibration.
Fig. 9 gives feed speed vf=40mm/min, turning depth apWhen=0.5mm, mid-term wears cutter three-way vibration
Acceleration mean valueWith the changing rule of the speed of mainshaft.
Figure 10 gives turning depth apWhen=0.3mm, revolving speed n=1200r/min, mid-term abrasion cutter three-way vibration adds
Speed mean valueWith the changing rule of axial feed velocity.
As shown in Figure 9, with the increase of revolving speed, the acceleration mean value of three-way vibration is reduced.Identical Cutting parameters incision
It is maximum to vibration acceleration mean value, it vibrates most significant.
As shown in Figure 10, with the increase of feed speed, there are increase trend for three-way vibration acceleration average value.And it feeds
Speed is bigger, and the average value of tangential acceleration is bigger, and tangential vibrations are most obvious.
(4) the time history curve of workpiece free end deformation
The fixed one end in workpiece one end is free, is known by theory of mechanics of materials, and the deformation of free end is most under the action of concentrated force
Greatly, and because lathe tool is in mobile and vibration, then with the turning time dynamic variation occurs for the deformation of free end.For radially
Bending deformation can radially arrange a contactless Eddy current displacement sensor along workpiece in free end.It pops one's head in when turning
The radial clearance of end face and measured workpiece changes, and fore-lying device generates the output voltage changed with interspace and is input to letter
The change of workpiece free end bending deformation at any time can be obtained by the computer and collection analysis software that connect Acquisition Instrument in number Acquisition Instrument
Law.
Figure 11 to Figure 14 gives the mid-term abrasion cutter time graph that workpiece free end deforms under several Cutting parameters,
The Cutting parameters of Figure 11: n=1600r/min, vf=160mm/min, apThe Cutting parameters of=0.3mm, Figure 12: n=2000r/
Min, vf=160mm/min, apThe Cutting parameters of=0.3mm, Figure 13: n=1600r/min, vf=160mm/min, ap=
The Cutting parameters of 0.5mm, Figure 14: n=800r/min, vf=160mm/min, ap=0.5mm.It is worth noting that measurement
The deformation of workpiece different location or vibration displacement, need to be in the Eddy current displacement sensor of different location arrangement small-range.In this reality
It applies in example, due to the limitation of experimental condition, the Eddy current displacement sensor of laboratory only one range 1.5mm is only measured
The displacement in this section of workpiece free end, and because of the elastic bending deflection very little of workpiece, only just start to contact in cutter
It can sense displacement within several seconds to workpiece, at this moment cutter is near free end.With the progress of turning, cutter leaves free end
Increasingly remoter, the deformation of free end is also smaller and smaller at this time, then due to the limitation of sensor accuracy, lesser deformation measurement is not
It arrives.Slightly high-precision sensor can be configured under the premise of experimental condition allows, the change of entire turning process workpiece can be incuded
Shape.But if maximum distortion is only surveyed, one is scheduled on free end, it is only necessary to a sensor.
(5) workpiece free end deforms root mean square comparison curves under different rotating speeds
It can analyze the influence that different Cutting parameters deform workpiece free end, Figure 15 gives workpiece free end given
Feed speed vf=40mm/min, back engagement of the cutting edge apWhen=0.3mm, in the turning process of corresponding four revolving speeds, the vibration of workpiece free end
The change curve of dynamic displacement root mean square.
(6) correlation analysis between turning temperature and vibration cutting, Cutting parameters or Workpiece vibration displacement
By testing obtained partial data such as the following table 2, the turning temperature of note Cutting experiment (1min) time actual measurement each time
Degree increases average valueTurning speed is v, andN is revolving speed；For cutter radial acceleration-root-mean square
Value.
2 part Cutting experiment data of table
Without loss of generality, it for establishing turning temperature rise about radial turning vibration and the model of fit of turning speed, builds
Vertical turning temperature elevation model:
Wherein, Δ T is fitting temperature rise average value；For radial acceleration root-mean-square value；V is turning speed；C is fitting system
Number；X, w are index.
Logarithm is taken to obtain at formula (1) both ends:
Enable the difference between the match value and measured value of turning temperature rise mean value are as follows:
The quadratic sum of difference are as follows:
It is programmed by least square method by MATLAB, finds out C, x, w.Obtain C=0.003, x=1.06, w=-
0.39, the relative coefficient R=0.96 of fitting.Illustrate the average value and the correlation of radial vibration and Cutting parameters of turning temperature rise
Height, i.e. radial vibration and Cutting parameters have a significant impact to turning temperature raising.The fitting parameter C, x, w that acquire are substituted into formula
(1) obtain the match value of corresponding turning temperature rise mean value, so as to the measured value for the turning temperature rise mean value tested every time with
Match value is compared.
In addition to the implementation, the utility model can also have other embodiments.It is all to use equivalent replacement or equivalent change
The technical solution to be formed is changed, the protection scope of the requires of the utility model is all fallen within.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system, it is characterised in that: including numerical control machine
Bed and workpiece system are rotated for acquiring in real time with analysis for acquiring and analyzing the vibration test system of cutter three-way vibration
The deformation test system that workpiece free end dynamic bending deforms and the temperature for acquiring temperature at cutter rake face point of a knife in real time
Test macro；The numerically-controlled machine tool and workpiece system are mainly made of Machine, turning cutting tool and workpiece；The vibration-testing
System is mainly made of vibrating sensor, vibration signals collecting instrument；The deformation test system is mainly by eddy current displacement sensing
Device, regulated power supply, voltage signal acquisition instrument composition；The Research on Automatic Measuring System of Temperature is mainly by infrared radiation thermometer, surface-type temperature meter
Composition.
2. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 1, special
Sign is: the vibration signals collecting instrument, voltage signal acquisition instrument, infrared radiation thermometer are connected with computer.
3. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 2, special
Sign is: the turning cutting tool is mounted on knife rest, and blade is equipped on the turning cutting tool, and the blade is carbide cutter tool
Piece, the knife rest and workpiece are mounted on Machine, and the workpiece is cylindrical metal material.
4. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 3, special
Sign is: the vibrating sensor is piezoelectric type three-dimensional acceleration transducer, the piezoelectric type three-dimensional acceleration transducer installation
In lower section of the knife handle rake face at point of a knife.
5. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 4, special
Sign is: the vibration signals collecting instrument is connected with vibrating sensor, and the vibration signals collecting instrument is charge signal input type
Acquisition Instrument, the charge signal input type Acquisition Instrument are built-in with amplifier and filter.
6. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 5, special
Sign is: the Eddy current displacement sensor is non-contact displacement transducer, and the non-contact displacement transducer includes visiting
Head and preamplifier, the probe vertical in rotational workpieces free end place, and it is described probe and workpiece free end there are
Gap, the probe are connected with collet connecting rod, and the collet connecting rod is fixedly connected by magnetic force mounting with the body of lathe bed.
7. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 6, special
Sign is: the voltage signal acquisition instrument is displacement signal acquisition instrument；The displacement signal acquisition instrument is voltage signal input type
Acquisition Instrument.
8. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 7, special
Sign is: the range of the Eddy current displacement sensor is less than or equal to 1.5mm.
9. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 8, special
Sign is: the probe of the Eddy current displacement sensor is connected by the input terminal of cable and preamplifier, described preposition
The output end of amplifier is connect with the voltage input interface of voltage signal acquisition instrument, and the preamplifier is supplied by regulated power supply
Electricity.
10. a kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system according to claim 9, special
Sign is: the infrared radiation thermometer is hand-held infrared temperature instrument.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109746465A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-05-14 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system |
| CN111633466A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-08 | 佛山市普拉迪数控科技有限公司 | Dynamic precision detection method for big data analysis five-axis small gantry numerical control machining center |
| CN112380646A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-19 | 江苏师范大学 | Method for researching turning temperature change and turning vibration coupling characteristics of different-abrasion cutters |
-
2018
- 2018-09-26 CN CN201821570158.2U patent/CN209550635U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109746465A (en) * | 2018-09-26 | 2019-05-14 | 江苏师范大学 | A kind of turning vibration-turning deformation-turning temperature real time monitoring and analyzing system |
| CN111633466A (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2020-09-08 | 佛山市普拉迪数控科技有限公司 | Dynamic precision detection method for big data analysis five-axis small gantry numerical control machining center |
| CN111633466B (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2021-11-19 | 广东普拉迪科技股份有限公司 | Dynamic precision detection method for big data analysis five-axis small gantry numerical control machining center |
| CN112380646A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-19 | 江苏师范大学 | Method for researching turning temperature change and turning vibration coupling characteristics of different-abrasion cutters |
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Assignee: Jiangsu Yangtian Intelligent Technology Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Jiangsu Normal University Contract record no.: X2023980047188 Denomination of utility model: A Real time Monitoring and Analysis System for Turning Vibration, Turning Deformation, and Turning Temperature Granted publication date: 20191029 License type: Common License Record date: 20231117 |
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