CN209372612U - A kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN209372612U CN209372612U CN201821304343.7U CN201821304343U CN209372612U CN 209372612 U CN209372612 U CN 209372612U CN 201821304343 U CN201821304343 U CN 201821304343U CN 209372612 U CN209372612 U CN 209372612U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus, including loading system, acceleration measurement system, axle power measuring system, water-pressure survey system, air pressure measurement system and displacement measurement system；The loading system includes compact electromagnetic shake table, piston, cylinder, counterweight, push rod, pressure chamber；The loading system can control dead load and dynamic load；The control of the dead load realizes that the control of the axial stress realizes that the confining pressure is provided by pressure chamber by the thrust of control piston and the weight of counterweight by control axial stress and confining pressure, realizes that higher static stress is horizontal；The dynamic load is controlled by compact electromagnetic shake table, and inertia force is applied to sample high-frequency vibration by the compact electromagnetic shake table in the form of dynamic load, is realized the high shake frequency load of high frequency dynamic load, is obtained higher measurement accuracy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Geotechnical Engineerings and ambient vibration engineering field, specifically, being related specifically to a kind of small-sized
High frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus.
Background technique
Traffic loading, mechanical oscillation in underground space utilization generate dynamic loading to the periphery soil body, its main feature is that following
Ring often, dynamic stress it is small, and the soil body has biggish direct stress horizontal.The soil body can produce under such dynamic loading
Phenomena such as raw pore water pressure rising, soft of soil.
The native dynamic triaxial apparatus of hydraulic, air pressure or gear driving is the common experimental provision of current laboratory experiment, can be reproduced
Direct stress level (reaching 400kPa), but its frequency is low (generally below 20Hz), the control of low stress width is difficult (generally greater than
5kPa), operating cost loaded for a long time high (the oil sources temperature of hydraulic system rises) etc..This is for simulating above-mentioned dynamic loading
It is very unfavorable.Native dynamic triaxial apparatus using vibration loading mode is the experimental provision of eighties of last century prevalence, but answers for low
The control of power width is difficult, not high to the measurement accuracy of direct stress, is equally unsatisfactory for the simulation to above-mentioned dynamic load.
Small-sized high frequency soil dynamic load experimental provision is the experimental provision occurred recently, it is characterized in that frequency height (such as
100Hz), low stress width controls simple (generally below 5kPa), and the device that the operating cost loaded for a long time is low；It is very suitable to mould
The traffic loading of quasi- adjacent ground surface, mechanical oscillation.But it is difficult to reach higher direct stress level, and not can control confining pressure,
So being difficult to simulate the three-dimensional stress condition of deeper soil layer.
Indoor experimental apparatus can not meet these requirements simultaneously at present, thus need to design a kind of frequency it is high (such as
100Hz), dynamic stress low (generally below 5kPa), direct stress level are relatively high (400kPa), and the operating cost loaded for a long time
Low device.Small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus be to make up the deficiency of above-mentioned instrument and propose a kind of experiment dress
It sets, design principle and the principle of previous instrument are entirely different, such experimental provision not yet domestic at present.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to aiming at the shortcomings in the prior art, provide a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial
Instrument, to solve problems of the prior art.
Technical problem solved by the invention can be realized using following technical scheme:
A kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus, including loading system, acceleration measurement system, axle power measurement system
System, water-pressure survey system, air pressure measurement system and displacement measurement system；The loading system include compact electromagnetic shake table,
Piston, cylinder, counterweight, push rod, pressure chamber；The pressure chamber is located on pedestal, and sample is equipped in the pressure chamber, described
Sample be rubber membrane covering, the upper and lower ends of the rubber membrane are separately fixed at pedestal and top cover, the multistage push rod
Bottom end connects top cover, and the multistage push rod is equipped with tension-compression sensor, is consolidated between the counterweight and push rod with bolt,
The piston is located at cylinder interior, and one end of the piston is connect with push rod top；The loading system can control
Dead load and dynamic load；The control of the dead load passes through control axial stress and confining pressure is realized, the axial stress
Control realizes that the confining pressure provides by pressure chamber by the thrust of control piston and the weight of counterweight, realizes higher quiet answer
Power is horizontal；The dynamic load is controlled by compact electromagnetic shake table, and the compact electromagnetic shake table will be used to by high-frequency vibration
Property power be applied to sample in the form of dynamic load, realize the high shake frequency load of high frequency dynamic load, obtain higher measurement accuracy.
Further, the loading frame of the loading system is fixed on vibration table surface by pedestal；Pass through increase and decrease
Counterweight and shake table acceleration is adjusted, it can be achieved that accurate control to low stress width.
Further, the acceleration transducer of the acceleration measurement system is directly anchored to counterweight by magnet base
On, the acceleration of counterweight is measured, acceleration transducer is connected to number by conducting wire and adopts on instrument.
Further, the axle power measuring system includes that the upper and lower side of tension-compression sensor is all connected with corresponding push rod,
Sensor circuit access number adopts instrument.
Further, the water-pressure survey system includes that the probe of hydraulic pressure sensor passes through pipeline and pressure chamber bottom phase
Even, sensor circuit access number adopts instrument.
Further, the air pressure measurement system includes that the probe of baroceptor passes through pipeline and pressure chamber bottom phase
Even, sensor circuit access number adopts instrument.
Further, the laser displacement sensor probe of the displacement measurement system, is fixed on counterweight by support,
Laser displacement sensor measures the relative displacement between counterweight and frame head plate, and an end of conducting wire is connected to laser displacement sensor spy
Head, other end access number adopt instrument.
Further, the acceleration measurement system, axle power measuring system, water-pressure survey system, air pressure measurement system
Number can be shared with displacement measurement system and adopts instrument, and the number adopts instrument access computer, carries out data storage and data processing.
Further, the axial stress σaCalculation method be σa=(F+ma)/A+ σc, F obtains for tension-compression sensor
The measured value arrived；M is tension-compression sensor or less, sample top with the quality of upper top cover and one section of push rod；A is acceleration transducer
Obtained measured value, acceleration direction are positive upwards；σcFor confining pressure；A is sample cross area.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
The high shake frequency load of 1,000,000 times or more of 100Hz high frequency dynamic load of the present invention；Realization is answered down to the low of 1kPa
The accurate control of power width, error are less than 10Pa；Realize the triaxial test of 400kPa higher axial stress level；Realize that confining pressure is permanent
Fixed triaxial test；Measurement accuracy is high: axial stress ± 100Pa, hydraulic pressure ± 4Pa, displacement ± 0.05mm；The utility model can be complete
The special triaxial tests that cannot be completed at traditional native dynamic triaxial apparatus；Structure is simple, easy to make, and cost is relatively low.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus of the present invention.
In figure, 1. shake table controllers, 2. vibration table surfaces, 3. frame pedestals, 4. pedestals, 5. hydraulic pressure sensors, 6. tops
Lid, 7. tension-compression sensors, 8. laser displacement sensors, 9. pistons, 10. cylinders, 11. acceleration transducers, 12. frame upright bars,
13. frame head plate, 14. counterweights, 15. push rods, 16. pressure chambers, 17. rubber membranes, 18. samples, 19. baroceptors, 20. numbers are adopted
Instrument, 21. computers.
Specific embodiment
To be easy to understand the technical means, the creative features, the aims and the efficiencies achieved by the present invention, below with reference to
Specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus, the invention is compared with traditional instrument, frequency
Rate 100Hz is much higher than the 20Hz frequency of traditional instrument, reaches 1,000,000 time or more vibration, and low stress width control of the present invention
System is simple compared with traditional instrument control, generally below 5kPa, and direct stress is that 400kPa level is higher, possesses very high measurement essence
Degree, measurement axial stress error are less than 50Pa, and hydraulic pressure error is less than 4Pa, and displacement error is less than 0.05mm；The small-sized height
Frequency low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus includes: loading system, acceleration measurement system, axle power measuring system, water-pressure survey system, gas
Press measuring system and displacement measurement system；The loading system includes compact electromagnetic shake table, piston 9, cylinder 10, counterweight
14, push rod 15, pressure chamber 16；The pressure chamber 16 is located on pedestal 4, and sample 18 is equipped in the pressure chamber 16, described
Sample 18 be rubber membrane 17 cover, the upper and lower ends of the rubber membrane 17 are separately fixed at pedestal 4 and top cover 6, described
15 bottom end of multistage push rod connect top cover 6, the multistage push rod 15 be equipped with tension-compression sensor 7, the counterweight 14 with push away
It is consolidated between bar 15 with bolt, the piston 9 is located inside cylinder 10, and one end and 15 top of push rod of the piston 9 connect
It connects；The loading system a can control dead load and dynamic load；The control of the dead load passes through control axial stress
It is realized with confining pressure, the control of the axial stress realizes that described encloses by the thrust of control piston 9 and the weight of counterweight 14
Pressure is provided by pressure chamber 16, realizes that higher static stress is horizontal；The dynamic load is controlled by compact electromagnetic shake table, described
Inertia force is applied to sample 18 high-frequency vibration by compact electromagnetic shake table in the form of dynamic load, realizes high frequency dynamic load
High shake frequency load, obtains higher measurement accuracy.
The loading frame of the loading system is fixed on vibration table surface 2 by pedestal 4；By increasing and decreasing 14 He of counterweight
Shake table acceleration is adjusted, it can be achieved that accurate control (± 10Pa) to low stress width (1-50kPa)；The cylinder 10 and appearance
The air accumulator of product 10L is connected, and for controlling axial static stress, recommends cylinder stroke 150mm, diameter 40mm；What shake table generated
Vibration is for controlling axial dynamic stress；Confining pressure is provided by pressure chamber 16, recommends confining pressure 0-400kPa.
The acceleration transducer 11 of the acceleration measurement system is directly anchored on counterweight 14 by magnet base, is surveyed
Determine the acceleration of counterweight 14, acceleration transducer 11 is connected to number by conducting wire and adopts on instrument 20.The measurement model of acceleration transducer
It encloses and recommends 0-50g.
The axle power measuring system includes that the upper and lower side of tension-compression sensor 7 is all connected with corresponding push rod 15, sensor
Circuit access number adopts instrument 20, recommends measurement accuracy ± 0.1N.
The water-pressure survey system includes that the probe of hydraulic pressure sensor 5 is connected by pipeline with 16 bottom of pressure chamber, is passed
Sensor circuit access number adopts instrument 20, recommends measurement accuracy ± 4Pa.
The air pressure measurement system includes that the probe of baroceptor 19 is connected by pipeline with 16 bottom of pressure chamber, is passed
Sensor circuit access number adopts instrument 20, recommends measurement accuracy ± 4Pa.
The laser displacement sensor 8 of the displacement measurement system is popped one's head in, and is fixed on counterweight 14 by support, laser position
Displacement sensor 8 measures the relative displacement between counterweight 14 and frame head plate 13, and an end of conducting wire is connected to the spy of laser displacement sensor 8
Head, other end access number adopt instrument 20, recommend the measurement accuracy ± 0.025mm of laser displacement sensor 8.
Acceleration measurement system, axle power measuring system, water-pressure survey system, air pressure measurement system and the displacement measurement
System can share number and adopt instrument 20, and the number adopts instrument 20 with acceleration transducer 11, tension-compression sensor 7, hydraulic pressure sensor
5, the transmitter functions and function of supplying power of baroceptor 19 and laser displacement sensor 8, if needing separately to add phase without such function
The transmitter or power supply answered, the number adopt instrument 20 and access computer 21, carry out data storage and data processing.
In experiment, the sample 18 of use its having a size of high 80mm, diameter 39.2mm, which is covered on rubber membrane 17
In, the upper and lower ends of rubber membrane 17 are separately fixed between pedestal 4 and top cover 6.Dead load is mainly by the air pressure in loading system
Axial compressive force is applied to sample 18 by loading device by control, cylinder 10, and confining pressure is applied to sample 18 by pressure chamber 16；Live load
It carries and is controlled by the shake table in loading system, high frequency dynamic load is applied to sample by loading device by compact electromagnetic shake table
18.This experiment is by axle power, axial displacement, pore water pressure, confining pressure and acceleration respectively by axle power measuring system, displacement measurement system
System, water-pressure survey system, air pressure measurement system, acceleration measurement system are completed.
It uses calculation method, axial stress σaCalculation method:
σa=(F+ma)/A+ σc
In formula, F is the measured value that tension-compression sensor 7 obtains；M is 7 or less tension-compression sensor, more than 18 top of sample
The quality of component；A is the measured value that acceleration transducer 11 obtains, and acceleration direction is positive upwards；σcFor confining pressure；A is examination
18 cross-sectional area of sample.Effective stress, axial strain, pore water pressure, confining pressure calculation method and traditional triaxial test in
Calculation method is identical；If 10 pressure 100kPa of cylinder, internal diameter 40mm, specimen finish 39.2mm, not plus counterweight 14, the sassafras that rubs is not ignored
Power, then F is up to 125N；It is further assumed that σcFor 300kPa, and assume that 15 sectional area of connecting rod is much smaller than the section of sample 18
Product, corresponding axial stress σaIt is up to 400kPa.
Analysis of measurement errors: axial stress σaCalculation method, eliminate the frictional force between push rod 15 and pressure chamber 16
Influence, calculated value is accurate.It is contemplated that 7 range of tension-compression sensor be 100N, the reachable ± 0.1N of the error of measured value F,
The cross-sectional area A of sample is 12cm2, resulting axial stress σaError be ± 83Pa, corresponding dynamic stress width
Error be ± 42Pa, therefore the dynamic stress width that may be implemented, down to 1kPa, corresponding error is ± 4%.Effective stress, axial direction
Strain, pore water pressure, the analysis of measurement errors method of confining pressure are identical as the analysis of measurement errors method in traditional triaxial test.
Axial stress control method when dynamic load loads.Referring to Fig.1, axial stress σaThrust, counterweight 14 by piston 9
Weight, the weight of push rod 15, the weight of tension-compression sensor 7, between the weight and push rod 15 and pressure chamber 16 of top cover 6
Frictional force co- controlling.In the case where other conditions are constant, the vibration of the quality and shake table vertical direction of counterweight 14 is adjusted
Acceleration, that is, controllable shaft is to stress.Under conditions of 14 minimum mass 1N of counterweight, controllable vibration acceleration are ± 0.01g,
Corresponding axial stress is ± 10Pa, realizes the accurate control to dynamic stress width.
The appraisal procedure of dynamic load effect is: draining experiment in, hydraulic pressure, each principal effective stress average value all protect substantially
Hold it is constant, and be displaced increase；Influence of the high frequency dynamic load to sample mechanical property can be assessed with incremental displacement value.Do not draining reality
In testing, hydraulic pressure, each principal effective stress average value all change, and the average value of volume is constant；Hydraulic pressure, each effective master can be used
Influence of the incrementss assessment high frequency dynamic load of the average value of stress to sample mechanical property.
The above shows and describes the basic principles and main features of the present invention and the advantages of the present invention.The technology of the industry
Personnel are it should be appreciated that the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and the above embodiments and description only describe this
The principle of invention, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, various changes and improvements may be made to the invention, these changes
Change and improvement all fall within the protetion scope of the claimed invention.The claimed scope of the invention by appended claims and its
Equivalent thereof.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus, including loading system, acceleration measurement system, axle power measurement system
System, water-pressure survey system, air pressure measurement system and displacement measurement system；It is characterized by: the loading system includes small-sized
Electromagnetic vibration generator system, piston (9), cylinder (10), counterweight (14), push rod (15), pressure chamber (16)；The pressure chamber (16) is located at
On pedestal (4), sample (18) are equipped in the pressure chamber (16), the sample (18) is rubber membrane (17) covering, described
The upper and lower ends of rubber membrane (17) be separately fixed at pedestal (4) and top cover (6), push rod (15) bottom end described in multistage connects top cover
(6), push rod described in multistage (15) be equipped with tension-compression sensor (7), use bolt between the counterweight (14) and push rod (15)
Consolidation, the piston (9) are located at cylinder (10) inside, and one end of the piston (9) is connect with push rod (15) top；It is described
Loading system can control dead load and dynamic load；The control of the dead load is real by control axial stress and confining pressure
Existing, the confining pressure is provided by pressure chamber (16)；Thrust is applied to sample (18), institute by loading device by the cylinder (10)
Confining pressure is applied to sample (18) by the pressure chamber (16) stated, realizes that higher static stress is horizontal；The dynamic load is by small electrical
Inertia force is applied to sample high-frequency vibration by the control of magnetic vibration platform, the compact electromagnetic shake table in the form of dynamic load
(18), the high shake frequency load for realizing high frequency dynamic load, obtains higher measurement accuracy.
2. a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the load
The loading frame of system is fixed on vibration table surface (2) by pedestal (4)；Added by increase and decrease counterweight (14) and adjusting shake table
Speed is, it can be achieved that accurate control to low stress width.
3. a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the acceleration
The acceleration transducer (11) of degree measuring system is directly anchored on counterweight (14) by magnet base, measures the acceleration of counterweight (14)
Degree, acceleration transducer (11) are connected to number by conducting wire and adopt on instrument (20).
4. a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the displacement
The laser displacement sensor (8) of measuring system is popped one's head in, and is fixed on counterweight (14) by support, and laser displacement sensor (8) is surveyed
The relative displacement between counterweight (14) and frame head plate (13) is measured, an end of conducting wire is connected to laser displacement sensor (8) probe, separately
One end access number adopts instrument (20).
5. a kind of small-sized high frequency and low stress width soil dynamic triaxial apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the acceleration
Degree measuring system, axle power measuring system, water-pressure survey system, air pressure measurement system and displacement measurement system can share number and adopt instrument
(20), the number adopts instrument (20) access computer (21), carries out data storage and data processing.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111122350A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-08 | 同济大学 | Triaxial apparatus for synchronously loading high-frequency cyclic load under static load |
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2018
- 2018-08-14 CN CN201821304343.7U patent/CN209372612U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111122350A (en) * | 2020-01-03 | 2020-05-08 | 同济大学 | Triaxial apparatus for synchronously loading high-frequency cyclic load under static load |
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