CN209231149U - The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing - Google Patents
The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN209231149U CN209231149U CN201821786093.5U CN201821786093U CN209231149U CN 209231149 U CN209231149 U CN 209231149U CN 201821786093 U CN201821786093 U CN 201821786093U CN 209231149 U CN209231149 U CN 209231149U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- mud
- drilling fluid
- vacuum
- automatic measurement
- cap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing, belongs to testing performance of drilling fluid field.The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid includes: vacuum device after the bubble removing, and mud container is provided in the vacuum device, is connected with efferent duct in the lower end surface of the mud container；The lower end of the efferent duct is pierced by from the lower end surface of vacuum mechanism；Marsh funnel is provided with below the vacuum mechanism；Mud cap is provided with below the Marsh funnel；Meausring apparatus is provided with below the mud cap.The utility model eliminates the bubble in drilling fluid using negative pressure, so that the density and viscosity measured are conducive to the regulation of property of drilling fluid closer to actual numerical value when measuring drilling fluid viscosity and density；The utility model realizes the continuous measurement of the viscosity and density of drilling fluid, and the result measured more rapidly, it is more acurrate.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to testing performance of drilling fluid technical field, and in particular to automatic measurement drilling well after a kind of bubble removing
The device of fluidity energy.
Background technique
The viscosity and density of drilling fluid are a very important parameters in drilling process, and according to the rules, which needs
It is primary every measurement in 10 or 15 minutes.Currently, the stopwatch viscosity and density of situ of drilling well measurement drilling fluid can only pass through people
Work realizes that this operation is rougher using Marsh funnel and densitometer, especially when in drilling fluid there are when bubble, this survey
Examination mode suffers from the drawback that
1, precision is not high, and human factor can bring very big error in measurement process；
2, it needs often to be corrected funnel, densitometer, just in case not correcting in time, the numerical value of measurement can give mudman
The next step operation of Cheng Shi brings very big influence；
3, when drilling fluid blisters (foaming agent, foam caused by sulfonate materials that foamed cement well cementation is brought into etc.), at this time
If do not handled centainly drilling fluid, for direct estimated viscosity with density, measurement result has error without that can reflect drilling well
The actual performance of liquid causes greatly to perplex to drilling fluid worker.At present when measuring drilling fluid viscosity and density on well site,
If containing bubble in mud, some materials that can be defoamed generally are added, such as: defoaming agent, kerosene, diesel oil etc., but disappear
The consumption of foam material is also a no small expense.
It is viscous that Chinese patent open source literature CN205374220U (background paper 1 in attachment) discloses a kind of drilling fluid electronics
Degree and density measuring equipment, use Modern Sensor Technology, electronic technology and the integrated drilling fluid electronics of computer technology
What density measuring equipment of viscosity is able to satisfy and solves " quickly, accurate, continuous, automatic " measurement request of construction site proposition；It can
To realize that drilling fluid viscosity, density continuously measure, labor intensity of operating staff is reduced.But the device can not remove in drilling fluid
Bubble.
Chinese patent open source literature CN205607803U (background paper 2 in attachment) disclose a kind of property of drilling fluid from
Dynamic measuring device can carry out automatic sampling, measurement and cleaning to drilling fluid during wellbore construction, without artificial dry
In advance, and by the measurement result of the viscosity of drilling fluid and density it is transmitted to driller's display, but the device can not remove drilling fluid
In bubble, and its use be arranged in surface distance measuring sensor measurement liquid level variation, survey of this mode to liquid level
Amount inaccuracy.
Utility model content
Utility model aims to solve above-mentioned problem existing in the prior art, provide automatic after a kind of bubble removing
The device of property of drilling fluid is measured, which can carry out automatic sampling, remove the bubble in drilling fluid, measure property of drilling fluid
And directly screen display is shown in device, then functions such as automatic cleaning.The device can measure the actual performance of drilling fluid, disappear
Bubble removing is to measurement bring error；Traditional manual measurement can be substituted, the influence of human factor is thoroughly solved.The device knot
Structure is reasonable, simple, small and exquisite, easy to use, is highly suitable for situ of drilling well use.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions:
The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing, comprising:
Vacuum device is provided with mud container in the vacuum device, connects in the lower end surface of the mud container
It is connected to efferent duct；
The lower end of the efferent duct is pierced by from the lower end surface of vacuum mechanism；
Marsh funnel is provided with below the vacuum mechanism；
Mud cap is provided with below the Marsh funnel；
Meausring apparatus is provided with below the mud cap.
The outlet end of the Marsh funnel is provided with electromagnetic relay；
The opening and closing of the outlet end of the armature control Marsh funnel of the electromagnetic relay；
Output switch is provided on the efferent duct.
The Marsh funnel is all made of transparent material with mud cap and is made；
The side of the outside of the Marsh funnel is provided with the first infrared observation device, in the another of the outside of Marsh funnel
Side is provided with the first infrared receiver；
The first infrared observation device is oppositely arranged with the first infrared receiver, the line of the two and Marsh funnel
Graduation mark is located in the same horizontal plane；
The side of the outside of the mud cap is provided with the second infrared observation device, in the other side of the outside of mud cap
It is provided with the second infrared receiver；
The second infrared observation device is oppositely arranged with the second infrared receiver, the line of the two and the quarter of mud cap
Degree line is located in the same horizontal plane；
First infrared receiver, the second infrared receiver are connect with electromagnetic relay respectively.
The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid includes display after the bubble removing, and display is red with described first respectively
Outer line receiver, the connection of the second infrared receiver；
When the first infrared receiver is blocked, the first infrared receiver sends signal and opens electromagnetic relay, together
When send start timing signal to display；
When the second infrared receiver is blocked, the second infrared receiver sends signal-off electromagnetic relay, together
When send terminate timing signal to display.
The vacuum device includes vacuum tank, mud intake line, vacuum-pumping pipeline and relief valve；
The vacuum tank is closed cabinet；
One end of the mud intake line is connect with the mud sampling pump being located at outside vacuum tank, and the other end passes through described
It is located at the surface of the mud container after the side wall of vacuum tank；Input switch is provided on the mud intake line；
One end of the vacuum-pumping pipeline is connect with the vacuum pump being located at outside vacuum tank, and the other end passes through the vacuum tank
Side wall after be located at the vacuum tank inner cavity in；
The relief valve is mounted on the side wall of vacuum tank.
The volume of the mud cap is 946mL, and the diameter of open end is 5-8cm, and the diameter of bottom end face is 10-
15cm；
The diameter of the cross section of the mud cap is gradually increased from open end to bottom end face.
The central axis of the mud container, the central axis of efferent duct, the central axis of Marsh funnel, in mud cap
Mandrel line is respectively positioned on same straight line.
Top in the mud container is provided with filter screen；
The mesh number of the filter screen is 16 mesh.
Cabinet is provided with below the vacuum evacuation device, the Marsh funnel, mud cap, meausring apparatus are arranged at
In the inner cavity of cabinet；
Bracket is provided in the cabinet, the Marsh funnel is fixed by the bracket in the top of mud cap；
The mud cap is placed on the meausring apparatus；
The meausring apparatus be placed on the ground or the bottom plate of cabinet on.
The meausring apparatus uses electronic balance, and the mud cap is placed on an electronic balance；Computer is automatically from electronics
Balance acquires the weight of mud, and calculates density according to the volume of weight and mud cap, and density is shown over the display；
Alternatively, the meausring apparatus includes: pallet, pressure sensor and processing module；The pressure sensor includes: bullet
Property body, strain ga(u)ge, measuring circuit；The mud cap is placed on pallet, and the pallet is placed on elastomer, mud and
The weight of mud cap acts on elastomer, and elastomer generates corresponding flexible deformation, and flexible deformation turns by strain ga(u)ge
It is changed to the variation of resistance, the variation of resistance is converted into electric signal through measuring circuit；The processing module is sent out according to pressure sensor
The variation size of electric signal and the volume of mud cap come calculate the density of mud in mud cap, and density is shown and is being shown
On device.
Compared with prior art, the utility model has the beneficial effects that
(1) the utility model eliminates the bubble in drilling fluid using negative pressure, makes when measuring drilling fluid viscosity and density
The density and viscosity that must be measured are conducive to the regulation of property of drilling fluid closer to actual numerical value；
(2) the utility model may be implemented the continuous measurement of drilling fluid viscosity and density, and the result measured more rapidly,
It is more acurrate.
Detailed description of the invention
The structural schematic diagram of the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after Fig. 1 the utility model bubble removing.
Specific embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawing:
As shown in Figure 1, after the utility model bubble removing automatic measurement property of drilling fluid device, which includes:
Vacuum tank 1 is used to form vacuum environment, and mud container 5 is mounted in vacuum tank 1, is provided on vacuum tank 1 true
Empty van hatch door 7, for being placed and taken out mud container 5.It is connected with vacuum pump 5 on vacuum tank 1, opens the vacuum of vacuum tank 1
Pump 15 can remove the bubble in mud, specific as follows: opening the vacuum pump 15 of vacuum tank 1, close input switch 4, relief valve
16, the pressure in vacuum tank 1 is adjusted to negative pressure, until the bubble completely removed in mud (is generally adjusted to gas after negative pressure one minute
Bubble just completely removes), then open relief valve 16, pressure release to normal pressure；
Mud sampling pump 3, for pumping slurry into the mud container 5 of vacuum tank.Mud sampling pump 3 is opened, is opened
Drilling fluid is drawn into the mud container 5 with filter screen 6 of vacuum tank by input switch 4；The mesh number of filter screen 6 uses 16
Mesh.
Infrared observation device and infrared receiver are open for monitoring mud liquid level and controlling funnel bottom, including first
Infrared observation device 18 and the second infrared observation device 13；Wherein:
Turn on the switch energization, the first infrared observation device 18, the second infrared observation device 13 are started to work, at this time with first
Corresponding first infrared receiver 19 of infrared observation device 18 starts the electromagnetism relay that the bottom of Marsh funnel 9 is arranged in control
Device 17, electromagnetic relay 17 close the switch, and the bottom of Marsh funnel 9 is plugged；
Marsh funnel 9 is arranged in open cabinet 2, and for measuring mud, Marsh funnel 9 passes through the fixed peace of bracket 21
In cabinet.The lower exit port of Marsh funnel 9 rectifies the inlet to mud cap 11；5 bottom of mud container is opened manually
Switch 8 is exported, drilling fluid is allowed to flow in Marsh funnel 9, when liquid level reaches the graduation mark 20 of Marsh funnel, the first infrared ray prison
It surveys the infrared ray that device 18 issues to be blocked by mud, the first infrared receiver 19 does not receive infrared signal, and first is red at this time
Outer line receiver sends signal and opens the switch of electromagnetic relay 17, and sends and start while opening electromagnetic relay 17
The signal of timing flows in mud cap 11 to display, mud from Marsh funnel 9, hand while electromagnetic relay 17 is opened
It is dynamic to close output switch 8.Marsh funnel of the invention is consistent with the conventional specification of Marsh funnel, and the graduation mark 20 of Marsh funnel is right
What is answered is at 1500ml.
The Marsh funnel, mud cap are all made of transparent material and are made, and infrared ray can pass through their wall.Due to mud
Black color, viscosity is higher, so even if mud liquid level declines, inside funnel also can residual slip, continue to block signal, make
It obtains the first infrared receiver 19 and does not receive infrared signal always, the switch of electromagnetic relay 17 stays open.
Second infrared observation device 13, mud are flowed into mud cap 11, and the second infrared observation device 13 works normally, when
When mud liquid level reaches the graduation mark 14 of mud cap, the infrared ray that the second infrared observation device 13 issues is blocked by mud, and second
Infrared receiver 10 does not receive infrared signal, and the second infrared receiver 10 sends signal for electromagnetic relay 17 at this time
Close the switch, close Marsh funnel 9 outlet end, while send terminate timing signal to display.On display from
Start the numerical value that timing is viscosity to the time terminated between timing, the unit of the numerical value of viscosity is the second.The scale of mud cap
Corresponding line 14 is at 946ml.
Mud cap 11 is arranged in open cabinet 2, for holding mud, is placed on the underface of Marsh funnel 9,
It is designed by repacking, is designed to the shape small, that bottom is big that is open, the diameter of open end is 5-8cm, the diameter of bottom end face
Volume for 10-15cm, mud cap is 946ml, after repacking, since the more conventional mud cap opening of the opening of mud cap is small, is mentioned
The high accuracy of timing；
Meausring apparatus 12 is placed on the lower section of mud cap 11, for weighing the weight of mud.It was applied in the utility model
Cheng Zhong, mud are obtained the density of mud by meausring apparatus after flowing into mud cap in Marsh funnel 9.
In actual use, meausring apparatus 12 can use electronic balance, and computer is automatically from electronic balance acquisition mud
Weight, and density is calculated according to weight and volume (946ml), then density is shown over the display.
Alternatively, meausring apparatus 12 can also use pallet, pressure sensor and processing module, the pressure sensor packet
Include: elastomer, strain ga(u)ge, measuring circuit, the mud cap are placed on pallet, and pallet is placed on elastomer, mud
It is acted on elastomer with the weight of mud cap, elastomer generates corresponding flexible deformation, and flexible deformation passes through strain ga(u)ge
The variation of resistance is converted to, the variation of resistance is converted into electric signal through measuring circuit, and the processing module is according to pressure sensor
The variation size for the electric signal sent and the volume of mud cap calculate the density of mud in mud cap, and density is shown aobvious
Show on device.
After experiment, the pipe that slush pump 3 connects can be directly accessed clear water can be realized the function of cleaning automatically.
The utility model can remove the bubble in mud, then automatic measurement, have the advantages that measurement accuracy is high.
Above-mentioned technical proposal is a kind of embodiment of the utility model, for those skilled in the art,
On the basis of the utility model discloses principle, it is easy to make various types of improvement or deformation, be not limited solely to this reality
The structure described in novel above-mentioned specific embodiment, thus it is previously described only preferred, and it is not restrictive
Meaning.
Claims (10)
1. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing, it is characterised in that: automatic measurement is bored after the bubble removing
The device of well liquid performance includes:
Vacuum device is provided with mud container in the vacuum device, is connected in the lower end surface of the mud container
Efferent duct；
The lower end of the efferent duct is pierced by from the lower end surface of vacuum mechanism；
Marsh funnel is provided with below the vacuum mechanism；
Mud cap is provided with below the Marsh funnel；
Meausring apparatus is provided with below the mud cap.
2. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the horse
The outlet end of family name's funnel is provided with electromagnetic relay；
The opening and closing of the outlet end of the armature control Marsh funnel of the electromagnetic relay；
Output switch is provided on the efferent duct.
3. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 2, it is characterised in that: the geneva
Funnel is all made of transparent material with mud cap and is made；
The side of the outside of the Marsh funnel is provided with the first infrared observation device, in the other side of the outside of Marsh funnel
It is provided with the first infrared receiver；
The first infrared observation device is oppositely arranged with the first infrared receiver, the line of the two and the scale of Marsh funnel
Line is located in the same horizontal plane；
The side of the outside of the mud cap is provided with the second infrared observation device, is arranged in the other side of the outside of mud cap
There is the second infrared receiver；
The second infrared observation device is oppositely arranged with the second infrared receiver, the line of the two and the graduation mark of mud cap
In the same horizontal plane；
First infrared receiver, the second infrared receiver are connect with electromagnetic relay respectively.
4. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 3, it is characterised in that: the degasification
The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid includes display after bubble, display respectively with first infrared receiver, second
Infrared receiver connection；
When the first infrared receiver is blocked, the first infrared receiver sends signal and opens electromagnetic relay, sends out simultaneously
Send the signal for starting timing to display；
When the second infrared receiver is blocked, the second infrared receiver sends signal-off electromagnetic relay, sends out simultaneously
Send the signal for terminating timing to display.
5. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described to take out very
Empty mechanism includes vacuum tank, mud intake line, vacuum-pumping pipeline and relief valve；
The vacuum tank is closed cabinet；
One end of the mud intake line is connect with the mud sampling pump being located at outside vacuum tank, and the other end passes through the vacuum
It is located at the surface of the mud container after the side wall of case；Input switch is provided on the mud intake line；
One end of the vacuum-pumping pipeline is connect with the vacuum pump being located at outside vacuum tank, and the other end passes through the side of the vacuum tank
After wall in the inner cavity of the vacuum tank；
The relief valve is mounted on the side wall of vacuum tank.
6. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mud
The volume of cup is 946mL, and the diameter of open end is 5-8cm, and the diameter of bottom end face is 10-15cm；
The diameter of the cross section of the mud cap is gradually increased from open end to bottom end face.
7. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the mud
The central axis of container, the central axis of efferent duct, the central axis of Marsh funnel, mud cap central axis be respectively positioned on it is same
On straight line.
8. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the mud
Top in slurry container is provided with filter screen；
The mesh number of the filter screen is 16 mesh.
9. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: in the pumping
Cabinet is provided with below vacuum plant, the Marsh funnel, mud cap, meausring apparatus are arranged in the inner cavity of cabinet；
Bracket is provided in the cabinet, the Marsh funnel is fixed by the bracket in the top of mud cap；
The mud cap is placed on the meausring apparatus；
The meausring apparatus be placed on the ground or the bottom plate of cabinet on.
10. the device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after bubble removing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, it is characterised in that:
The meausring apparatus uses electronic balance, and the mud cap is placed on an electronic balance；Computer is automatically from electronic balance
The weight of mud is acquired, and density is calculated according to the volume of weight and mud cap, density is shown over the display；
Alternatively, the meausring apparatus includes: pallet, pressure sensor and processing module；The pressure sensor includes: elasticity
Body, strain ga(u)ge, measuring circuit；The mud cap is placed on pallet, and the pallet is placed on elastomer, mud and mud
The weight of slurry cup acts on elastomer, and elastomer generates corresponding flexible deformation, and flexible deformation is converted by strain ga(u)ge
Variation for the variation of resistance, resistance is converted into electric signal through measuring circuit；The processing module is sent according to pressure sensor
The variation size of electric signal and the volume of mud cap calculate the density of mud in mud cap, and density is shown in display
On.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821786093.5U CN209231149U (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2018-11-01 | The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821786093.5U CN209231149U (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2018-11-01 | The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN209231149U true CN209231149U (en) | 2019-08-09 |
Family
ID=67501392
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821786093.5U Active CN209231149U (en) | 2018-11-01 | 2018-11-01 | The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN209231149U (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110658105A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-07 | 延安思凡石油设备有限公司 | Drilling fluid parameter measuring device and control method thereof |
| CN111965064A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-20 | 东营同博石油电子仪器有限公司 | Automatic control type medium-pressure filtration loss instrument and control method |
| CN112630098A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-09 | 重庆大学 | Online testing device and method for viscosity of continuous casting mold flux slurry |
| CN113884532A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-04 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling fluid temperature resistance capability test device |
| IT202100018059A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-08 | Tecno Italia Digital S R L | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY AND VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID |
-
2018
- 2018-11-01 CN CN201821786093.5U patent/CN209231149U/en active Active
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110658105A (en) * | 2019-11-04 | 2020-01-07 | 延安思凡石油设备有限公司 | Drilling fluid parameter measuring device and control method thereof |
| CN111965064A (en) * | 2020-07-20 | 2020-11-20 | 东营同博石油电子仪器有限公司 | Automatic control type medium-pressure filtration loss instrument and control method |
| CN112630098A (en) * | 2021-01-26 | 2021-04-09 | 重庆大学 | Online testing device and method for viscosity of continuous casting mold flux slurry |
| IT202100018059A1 (en) * | 2021-07-08 | 2023-01-08 | Tecno Italia Digital S R L | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE DENSITY AND VISCOSITY OF A LIQUID |
| CN113884532A (en) * | 2021-10-12 | 2022-01-04 | 西南石油大学 | Drilling fluid temperature resistance capability test device |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN209231149U (en) | The device of automatic measurement property of drilling fluid after a kind of bubble removing | |
| CN108195732B (en) | Compact rock core imbibition experimental device and imbibition amount testing method | |
| CN107271707A (en) | The sampling device of a kind of sampler and the use device, detecting system | |
| CN202256109U (en) | Rock core self-absorption experimental apparatus for simulating formation conditions | |
| CN106248309B (en) | Intelligent pressure testing machine | |
| CN209231029U (en) | A kind of water sampler | |
| CN208155418U (en) | A kind of testing agency of full-automatic water meter detecting platform | |
| CN205246139U (en) | Gas content tester | |
| CN203011713U (en) | Toilet stool integration test equipment | |
| CN104748801A (en) | Water tank outflow volume measurement device | |
| CN104180876B (en) | A kind of flowmeter monitor station | |
| CN203083673U (en) | Third-order metal measuring instrument calibrating device capable of finely adjusting and locating liquid level by using communicating vessel method | |
| CN107041752B (en) | Weighing type vital capacity measuring device | |
| US4538445A (en) | Liquid flow meter | |
| CN208420451U (en) | Chemical analysis tests dedicated auxiliary automatic liquid-suction device | |
| CN106014373A (en) | Mobile multifunctional single well metering device | |
| CN217404062U (en) | Device for automatically weighing and testing viscosity of Martin funnel | |
| CN215218426U (en) | Slope surface runoff observation instrument | |
| CN212513235U (en) | Constant-elevation first-class metal measuring device standard device and liquid level control mechanism thereof | |
| CN205280291U (en) | Measurement device for small leakage quantity that lets out of hydraulic component | |
| CN210400520U (en) | Quantitative regulating measuring flask | |
| CN204807158U (en) | Flow measuring device of rock core displacement experiment | |
| CN210152635U (en) | Drilling fluid filtration loss measuring device | |
| CN113433030A (en) | Solid volume density measuring instrument | |
| CN207881817U (en) | A kind of weighing device for acid solution to be perfused to accumulator |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |