CN208966908U - Synchronizer - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the synchronizer for gear shift transmission, the sliding sleeve with interior teeth portion is included, interior teeth portion has multiple sliding sleeve teeth；The connected body of gear position wheel, connected body has outer toothed portion, outer toothed portion has multiple connected body teeth, the interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve can be joined in outer toothed portion, and synchronization unit, wherein at least some sliding sleeve teeth are respectively provided at least one convex end surface in the axial tooth ends that it is adjacent to connected body, extend to via axially projecting top section along ring circumferential direction from the bottom point of the flank for being adjacent to corresponding tooth and are adjacent to the bottom point for the flank of tooth inverted or extend up to the valley point between two adjacent convex end surfaces.The convex end surface is radially observed asymmetrically to be constituted with axial tooth central axes.Axial spacing between each of top section and bottom point is at most the 18% of the facewidth, wherein the first bottom point and the second bottom point difference and top section cutting teeth central axes at a distance from the top section.

Description

Synchronizer

Technical field

The utility model relates to a kind of synchronizers.

Background technique

Locking synchronizing device for gear shift transmission usually has locking geometry, for sliding sleeve and to change Occurs locking sliding sleeve when rotational speed difference between the connected body of the gear position wheel of gear.In order to which sliding sleeve is connected connected body by simplification Connection teeth portion in, be typically provided with meshing geometry shape, the meshing geometry shape by sliding sleeve tooth and connected body tooth Tip realize.

Exist in modern automatic gear shift transmission, especially double-clutch speed changer and reduces exerting for axial arrangement length Power.

Based on the reason, proposed in 2015/180949 A1 of WO, connected body tooth is axially adjacent to sliding It is configured to do not have mesh inclined plane in the tooth ends of sleeve.Therefore, at least in the teeth portion of connected body, tip is abandoned completely and is nibbled Close geometry.Therefore, the axial arrangement length for meshing geometry shape together with the tooth ends on its inclined-plane and point can be saved.

Sliding sleeve tooth is reliably connected between connected body tooth also for being realized in the case where no mesh inclined plane, It completes preferably to establish rotational speed difference between sliding sleeve and connected body again after revolving speed is synchronous herein.Sliding sleeve tooth as a result, End face slided along the end face of connected body tooth, and when reaching tooth socket due to axial gear shifting force be joined to connected body tooth it Between.

Utility model content

The purpose of this utility model is the synchronizer for being used for gear shift transmission to be further improved, wherein in axial arrangement The situation that length is small and rotation sideshake (Verdrehflankenspiel) between sliding sleeve and connected body is especially small Under, the synchronizer ensures that sliding sleeve teeth portion is reliably engaged in connected body teeth portion.

According to the utility model, the purpose is realized by the synchronizer for gear shift transmission, and described synchronize sets Standby to include sliding sleeve, the sliding sleeve has interior teeth portion and can rotate around variator axis, the interior teeth portion tool There are multiple sliding sleeve teeth；The connected body of gear position wheel (Gangrad), the connected body have outer toothed portion, and the outer toothed portion has The interior teeth portion of multiple connected body teeth, sliding sleeve can be joined in the outer toothed portion；And synchronization unit, the synchronization unit It can stop the axial movement of sliding sleeve, wherein at least some sliding sleeve teeth are adjacent to the axial increment of connected body at it The end face of convex is respectively provided in portion, the end face of camber is along ring circumferential direction respectively from the bottom for the flank for being adjacent to corresponding tooth Point (Fu β punkt) extends to the bottom point for being adjacent to the flank of tooth inverted via axially projecting top section, wherein described convex The end face of shape is radially observed with axial tooth central axes asymmetrically, i.e., non-specular surface is symmetrically constituted, and is wherein existed Axial spacing between each of top section and bottom point is at most the 18% of the facewidth of tooth, preferably up to 10%, and first Bottom point and the second bottom point difference and top section cutting teeth central axes at a distance from the top section.

Herein, the end face of convex being understood as since bottom point, outside arching and extend through top Section, especially vertex face, wherein arching radially observe pass through lasting bending section, polygon (Polygonzug) or its Mixing shape is formed.

In the connected body tooth of the axial tooth ends constituted with convex, each bottom point of the end face of convex is abutted directly against In the flank of connected body tooth.The tooth ends constituted with convex, in axial tooth ends region be usually located at rear portion In sliding sleeve tooth, each bottom point of the end face of convex is equally adjacent to flank, is especially adjacent to the flank of sliding sleeve tooth Rear portion section.

With it is flat and perpendicular to the end face of axial direction stretching, extension compared with, slight convex and asymmetric end face simplifies The engagement of teeth portion.In addition, the material load and wear phenomenon in transitional region between end face and flank are also obviously reduced. Especially it has been confirmed that, in the case where in the order of magnitude for rotating the synchronizer that sideshake is located at routine, pass through the end of convex The small arching in face, i.e., the axial spacing between top section and bottom point are about the 10% of the facewidth, can guarantee teeth portion Reliable engagement, the conventional synchronizer have slightly pointed sliding sleeve tooth and connected body tooth.

According to synchronizer embodiment, the end face of convex, which is radially observed, is divided into two by tooth central axes Half part, wherein half is than the other half with stronger bending.In this way, with the phase between connected body and sliding sleeve Independently to the direction of rotation, it is ensured that reliable and safe engagement.

Furthermore it is preferred that providing a kind of synchronous ring, there is the outer toothed portion with multiple synchronous ring teeth and can stop to slide The axial movement of sleeve, wherein at least some locking tooths are respectively provided with the end face of convex.These end faces can also be mentioned such as front To sliding sleeve tooth constitute like that.Therefore, if " end face " is mentioned below, it refers to the end face of sliding sleeve tooth, still Optionally in addition also refer to the end face of locking tooth.

Constitute to the end face preferred cylindricality of the convex of sliding sleeve tooth.

In particular, the end face of convex, which is radially observed, to be formed from bottom point to bottom point by the side section of cylinder, Wherein the radius of cylinder is more preferably at least 2mm.In order to inhibit the undue wear in the transitional region between end face and flank, The angle present in the region of bottom point or seamed edge can be additionally rounding or chamfered edge.

In addition, the end face of convex can have an end face section, the end face section extend perpendicular to variator axis or Its tangent line extends perpendicular to variator axis.

According to the another embodiment of synchronizer, the axial dimension of connected body tooth is up to 3mm.In particular, connected body It can be configured to the tie-plate of the plate thickness with maximum 3mm herein.In the case where cancelling the tip of connected body tooth, connected body The axial dimension of tooth or entire tie-plate reduces, and the torque transfer capability between sliding sleeve and connected body is set synchronizing Do not reduce under standby switching state.Particularly, in the case where connected body is configured to tie-plate, due to smaller plate thickness, no Only the axial arrangement length of synchronizer reduces, and saves material, this advantageously influences the weight and cost of synchronizer.

Preferably, the rotation sideshake between sliding sleeve and connected body is up to 1 °, is especially up to 0.25 °.With tool There is sliding sleeve tooth to compare with the conventional claw teeth portion of the end face of connected body tooth, therefore rotate sideshake and be obviously reduced, wherein described End face is flat and stretches perpendicular to variator axis.Rotation sideshake is specifically now located at the rotation sideshake of following synchronizers In the order of magnitude, in the synchronizer, not only sliding sleeve tooth but also connected body tooth have tip, wherein on the other hand, Apparent axial arrangement space advantage is obtained again.

According to the another embodiment of synchronizer, at least some teeth that connected body is adjacent at it of sliding sleeve tooth There is end face, the end face is flat and stretches perpendicular to variator axis on end.It is used for the production of sliding sleeve as a result, Consuming significantly reduces, wherein in this case, it is preferred that whole connected body teeth are adjacent to the tooth ends of sliding sleeve at it On be respectively provided with the end face of the convex being described above.

Also, it may be possible that synchronizer is power control, wherein synchronization unit is configured to, so that being more than scheduled In the case where maximum, force, the blocking of the axial movement to sliding sleeve is removed.Under such a configuration, with conventional synchronization unit phase Instead, even if can be realized the side that sliding sleeve is controlled with power when the revolving speed balance realized by synchronization unit is not over Formula is joined in connected body.Synchronous ring is configured to do not have outer toothed portion in this case, to allow sliding sleeve along axial direction side To continue move.

Come in a kind of furthermore synchronizer that the purpose being initially mentioned such as is described above also by synchronizer, especially It realizes, the synchronizer includes sliding sleeve, and the sliding sleeve has interior teeth portion and can turn around variator axis Dynamic, the interior teeth portion has multiple sliding sleeve teeth；The connected body of gear position wheel, the connected body have outer toothed portion, the external tooth Portion has multiple connected body teeth, and the interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve can be joined in the outer toothed portion；And synchronization unit, it is described same Walking unit includes synchronous ring, and the synchronous ring has outer toothed portion and can stop the axial movement of sliding sleeve, the external tooth Portion has multiple synchronous ring teeth, and wherein the interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve has locking tooth and engaging tooth, and the locking tooth has along ring The circumferential direction axial tooth ends sharp in two sides, and engaging tooth has blunt axial tooth ends, and plurality of along ring The engaging tooth group of the locking tooth group of the locking tooth of circumferential direction directly side by side and multiple engaging tooths along ring circumferential direction directly side by side Replace along ring circumferential direction.

Here, the engaging tooth with blunt axial tooth ends can be realized the extremely compact structure of axial direction of synchronization unit Mode and sliding sleeve are in the especially short axial switching stroke wherein between property position and its switching position.In addition, locking The especially high receiving load-bearing capacity that can be realized synchronizer is alternately arranged along ring circumferential direction for tooth group and engaging tooth group.? During revolving speed is synchronous, it is negative to reduce the surface pressing occurred on synchronous ring tooth and locking tooth and tooth root by being grouped Lotus.

According to synchronizer embodiment, synchronous ring has the ring with synchronous ring tooth with teeth along ring circumferential direction Section and with the anodontia ring section without synchronous ring tooth, wherein each locking tooth group of sliding sleeve is axially adjacent to Ring section setting with teeth, each engaging tooth group of sliding sleeve are axially adjacent to anodontia ring section setting.In order in revolving speed Peak stress is avoided when synchronous, synchronous ring includes synchronous ring tooth as much as possible, wherein however being generally also equipped with and not having synchronization The anodontia ring section of ring tooth, so that for example benchmark sideboard (Indexlappen) or stop part are molded on synchronous ring.It is described Anodontia ring section is used in an advantageous manner now, so that the engaging tooth group of sliding sleeve to be arranged in this region.Together When, the locking tooth group of sliding sleeve is provided in the region of the ring section with teeth of synchronous ring, so that in synchronous ring and sliding The tooth of sleeve is distributed in identical situation, and furthermore each synchronous ring tooth sticks on the locking tooth of sliding sleeve during revolving speed is synchronous On.Due to the engaging tooth with blunt axial tooth ends, synchronizer therefore have extremely small axial arrangement length and Extremely short axial switching stroke.Meanwhile by the suitable grouping of locking tooth and engaging tooth, avoided not during revolving speed is synchronous Desired peak stress.

Preferably, the tooth ends of locking tooth and the tooth ends of engaging tooth are located substantially in common plane, the plane Extend perpendicular to variator axis.Therefore, axially projecting pointed tooth, and the revolving speed due to being carried out by means of synchronous ring are not provided with It is synchronous, do not need yet for by sliding sleeve tooth engagement between connected body tooth.

According to the another embodiment of synchronizer, the blunt tooth ends of engaging tooth have following end faces, the end face It is flat and is stretched perpendicular to variator axis；Or the end face with convex, the end face of camber is along ring circumferential direction point It is not extended to from the bottom point for the flank for being adjacent to sliding sleeve tooth via axially projecting top section and is adjacent to sliding sleeve tooth The flank inverted bottom point, and wherein the axial spacing between each of top section and bottom point is sliding sleeve tooth The maximum 18% of the facewidth, especially maximum 10%.The facewidth corresponds to the measuring along ring circumferential direction, i.e. tangential of sliding sleeve tooth herein Size.

In addition, the axial tooth ends along ring circumferential direction in two sides point of locking tooth have locking inclined-plane, the locking is oblique Face is enclosed at an angle with variator axis, and the angle is up to 70 °.

According to the another embodiment of synchronizer, the interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve in locking tooth group and is nibbled along ring circumferential direction It closes and is respectively provided with transition tooth between tooth group, wherein the axial tooth ends of each transition tooth are substantially divided at middle part along ring circumferential direction The tooth ends of locking tooth are opened and corresponded on the side for being adjacent to locking tooth group in terms of geometry, and are being adjacent to Correspond to the tooth ends of engaging tooth on the side of engaging tooth group.In this way, the interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve can be particularly effective Ground is used for the outer toothed portion locking relative to synchronous ring, and for being engaged in the outer toothed portion of connected body, because of sliding sleeve tooth Each intermediate space distribute to synchronous ring tooth or connected body tooth correspondingly.

Preferably, sliding sleeve is sintered component.It the locking tooth for the tooth ends being differently composed with geometry and nibbles Closing the setting that tooth is alternate along ring circumferential direction, is grouped can be realized with only expending very much by the method for forming or machining method.Cause This, is suitable for sliding sleeve and manufactures as sintered component.

After revolving speed is synchronous, by the second actuator in the gear shift transmission in a manner of advantageously initiatively again Certain rotational speed difference is constructed, sliding sleeve tooth can be securely fitted between connected body tooth whereby, to be linked into desired gear Position.In order to initiatively establish rotational speed difference, the second actuator can for example control the shaft brake of speed changer；It improves in speed changer Cooling oil stream；Another gear position wheel of synchrom esh transmission, another gear position wheel are not torsionally connected with connected body；And/or control Motor.

Detailed description of the invention

The further features and advantages of the utility model are obtained from the description of following preferred embodiment with reference to attached drawing. It shows in the drawing:

Fig. 1 shows the vertical section of the conventional synchronizer through gear shift transmission；

Fig. 2 shows the stereogram exploded views of the conventional synchronizer of gear shift transmission；

Fig. 3 shows another vertical section of the conventional synchronizer through gear shift transmission；

Fig. 4 shows the stereogram exploded view of the synchronizer according to the present utility model of gear shift transmission；

Fig. 5 shows the connected body of the synchronizer according to Fig. 4；

Fig. 6 shows the details Local map according to the connected body of Fig. 5；

Fig. 7 shows the implementation variant that connected body tooth is shown in a manner of radially observing；

Fig. 8 shows the sliding sleeve of the synchronizer according to Fig. 4；

Fig. 9 shows the details Local map according to the sliding sleeve of Fig. 8；

Figure 10 shows the locking tooth and engaging tooth of the sliding sleeve according to Fig. 8 and 9 in a manner of radially observing Axial end region；

Figure 11 shows the end regions of the engaging tooth of the sliding sleeve according to Fig. 8 and 9 in a manner of radially observing Alternative implementation variant；

Figure 12 shows the expansion Local map of sliding sleeve and connected body for synchronizer according to the present utility model, with Illustrate rotation sideshake；

Figure 13 shows the synchronization ring according to the synchronizer of Fig. 4；With

Figure 14 A to 17B shows the schematic diagram of the handoff procedure in synchronizer according to the present utility model.

Specific embodiment

In the following description, the component appended drawing reference having the same that function corresponds to each other as far as possible, wherein from existing There is the appended drawing reference of known component in technology to be additionally provided with apostrophe.

Fig. 1 to 3 shows the known synchronizer 10 ' of gear shift transmission, and the synchronizer has can be along transmission shaft The sliding sleeve 12 ' of line A movement, the sliding sleeve is torsionally as the axis being not illustrated in detail rotates together.In addition, synchronous Equipment 10 ' includes the connected body 14 ' for being configured to tie-plate, and the gear position wheel 16 ' of the connected body and gear shift transmission fixedly connects It connects.Gear position wheel 16 ' as castor be rotatably positioned on axis and can with the axis via sliding sleeve 12 ' torsionally Connection.

Sliding sleeve 12 ' has the interior teeth portion with sliding sleeve tooth 18 ', and connected body 14 ' has with connected body tooth 20 ' outer toothed portion.

In order to execute revolving speed synchronization and back to back engagement process, wherein sliding sleeve tooth 18 ' is engaged to connected body tooth 20 ' Intermediate space in, be equipped with synchronization unit, the synchronization unit includes synchronous ring 22 ' in known manner, the synchronous ring tool There is outer toothed portion, the outer toothed portion has multiple synchronous ring teeth 24 '.Radially spring-loaded ball is the one of pressure piece 26 ' Part, the pressure piece are used as pre-synchronization unit.

This synchronizer 10 ' according to rich lattice Warner principle is commonly known.In the axial direction fortune of sliding sleeve 12 ' When dynamic beginning, axial force is applied on synchronous ring 22 ' by pre-synchronization unit, wherein synchronous ring 22 ' and the two-piece type composition in Fig. 1 Connected body 14 ' friction face contact, and then there are rotational speed difference along ring circumferential direction adjust.Ring tooth is synchronized as a result, 24 ' are positioned relative to each other with sliding sleeve tooth 18 ', so that they stop the axial movement of sliding sleeves 12 ' until revolving speed is flat Weighing apparatus.During revolving speed is synchronous, synchronous ring tooth 24 ' stops sliding sleeve 12 ', so that sliding sleeve tooth 18 ' is prevented to be engaged to connection Between body tooth 20 '.After revolving speed is synchronous, synchronous ring 22 ' is just resetted along ring circumferential direction, and can be realized sliding sleeve tooth 18 ' are engaged between connected body tooth 20 '.

Fig. 4 shows the synchronizer according to the present utility model 10 of the gear shift transmission for motor vehicles, this, which is synchronized, sets Standby to include sliding sleeve 12, the sliding sleeve has interior teeth portion and can rotate around variator axis A, the internal tooth Portion has multiple sliding sleeve teeth 18；And the composition of gear position wheel is the connected body 14 of tie-plate, the connected body has external tooth Portion, the outer toothed portion have multiple connected body teeth 20, and the interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve 12 can be joined in the outer toothed portion.It is synchronous Equipment 10 further includes synchronization unit, and the synchronization unit has synchronous ring 22, and the synchronous ring, which has, has multiple synchronous ring teeth 24 outer toothed portion and the axial movement that sliding sleeve 12 can be stopped.

It is usually known from the prior art according to the common structure and function principle of rich lattice Warner.In addition, about The foregoing description of this reference pair Fig. 1 to 3 and hereinafter mainly inquire into advantageous difference.

In order to realize the especially small axial arrangement length of the synchronizer 10 with very short switching stroke, with And in order to realize the especially small rotation sideshake between sliding sleeve 12 and connected body 14 simultaneously, connected body tooth 20 is in its adjoining In in the axial tooth ends of sliding sleeve 12 and/or at least some sliding sleeve teeth 18 are adjacent to the axial direction of connected body 14 at it Tooth ends on be respectively provided with the end face of convex, hereinafter inquire into the shape of the end face of the convex in more detail.

Fig. 5 shows the three-dimensional detail view of the connected body 14 of the synchronizer 10 according to Fig. 4.It is clear in the view , do not have conventional, sharp meshing geometry shape in the tooth ends of connected body tooth 20 axially.

The axial dimension of connected body tooth 20 can reduce due to cancelling tip, and typical case is up to 3mm.It is necessary Axial dimension naturally depends on the torque to transmit by connected body tooth 20, and wherein the axial tine length of 3mm is common vehicle Speed changer provides enough torque transfer capabilities.

In the present embodiment, connected body 14 is specifically configured to tie-plate.Due to the smaller axial dimension of connected body tooth 20, Therefore the entire axial dimension of tie-plate is also decreased to the plate thickness of maximum 3mm certainly.Therefore, the axial knot of synchronizer 10 Structure length, there are also materials demands and weight to reduce in an advantageous manner.

Fig. 6 shows the Local map of the connected body 14 according to Fig. 5 in the region of connected body tooth 20.It can according to the view See, in the present embodiment, each connected body tooth 20 has convex in the axial tooth ends that it is adjacent to sliding sleeve 12 End face.

Fig. 7 shows the connection of the different implementation variant of the end face with convex in a manner of radially observing Body tooth 20, the end face of camber along ring circumferential direction respectively from be adjacent to bottom point 28 from the side of connected body tooth 20 to flank 30 via Axially projecting top section 32 (especially vertex) extends to the bottom point for being adjacent to the opposite flank 36 of connected body tooth 20 34, the top section forms the point of the axial front end of tooth 20.In addition, in top section (especially vertex) and bottom point 28,34 Each of between axial spacing a be connected body tooth 20 facewidth b at most 18%, especially up to 10%.The facewidth corresponds to herein In connected body 20 along the measurement of ring circumferential direction, i.e. tangential size, and it is preferably placed in the order of magnitude of about 2mm.

In the scope of this application, the end face of convex is usually understood as since bottom point 28,34, extending axially outward Arching and extend through the face on top section 32 (especially vertex), wherein arching is radially observed by lasting Bending section (see Fig. 7, left figure), polygon (see Fig. 7, right figure) or its mixing shape (see Fig. 7, middle graph) form or can be Similar.

The end face of convex be respectively in the illustrated embodiment it is cylindrical, be more specifically configured to cylindrical sub- face, In however it is also possible that slight bending radially is considered, so that obtaining the face of double curvature.

It in the implementation variant shown in whole in connected body tooth 20, radially observes, the end face difference of convex It is asymmetrically constituted relative to axial tooth central axes X.Tooth central axes X by end face be divided into two half-unit point (left-half and Right half part).Therefore, asymmetry is obtained along ring circumferential direction, but it simplifies engagement, because being based on scheduled direction of rotation One half part of usually end face is responsible for engagement.It is that the left-half of end face bends respectively in the form of implementation shown in, So that bottom point 28 has distance more smaller than spacing a relative to the tangent line 40 of top section 32.Present on right half part Two bottom points 34 have the spacing a relative to tangent line.32 cutting teeth central axes X of top section.

In addition, the end face of convex medially has an end face section 38 along ring circumferential direction respectively, the end face section perpendicular to Variator axis A extends (see Fig. 7, middle graph and right figure) or its tangent line 40 and extends perpendicular to variator axis A (see Fig. 7, a left side Figure).

In particular, the side section shape that can pass through cylinder from bottom point 28 to bottom point 34 is radially observed in the end face of convex At wherein the radius of cylinder is at least 2mm.

End face section 38 extends perpendicular to variator axis A or its tangent line 40 extends perpendicular to variator axis A, but phase Tooth central axes X is medially arranged along ring circumferential direction.

Fig. 8 shows the three-dimensional detail view of the sliding sleeve 12 of the synchronizer 10 according to Fig. 4, and is shown in FIG. 9 in cunning Details Local map in the region of the interior teeth portion of moving sleeve 12.

The interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve 12 has locking tooth 42 and engaging tooth 44 herein, and the locking tooth has along ring Zhou Fang To the axial tooth ends in two sides point, and engaging tooth has blunt axial tooth ends.

In addition, can see according to Fig. 8 and 9, it is respectively provided with the locking of multiple locking tooths 42 along ring circumferential direction directly side by side Tooth group 46 and the engaging tooth group 48 for being respectively provided with multiple engaging tooths 44 along ring circumferential direction directly side by side replace along ring circumferential direction.

In addition, in the embodiment as shown, the interior teeth portion of sliding sleeve 12 in locking tooth group 46 and is nibbled along ring circumferential direction It closes and is respectively provided with transition tooth 50 between tooth group 48, wherein the axial tooth ends of each transition tooth 50 substantially exist along ring circumferential direction Middle part is separated, and corresponds to the increment of locking tooth 42 on the side for being adjacent to locking tooth group 46 in terms of geometry Portion, and corresponding to the tooth ends of engaging tooth 44 on the side for being adjacent to engaging tooth group 48.

It is set as described in the tooth ends respectively different with geometry of locking tooth 42, engaging tooth 44 and transition tooth 50 It sets, the manufacture of sliding sleeve 12 is expended very much by cutting or molding processing method, so that in the present embodiment, it is sliding Moving sleeve 12 is configured to sintered component.However, generally also it can be considered that, sliding sleeve 12 is as milling part or molded part by steel plate It is made.

The axial tooth ends of the axial tooth ends and engaging tooth 44 of locking tooth 42 are located substantially on common put down herein In the E of face, the plane extends perpendicular to variator axis A.

This is also shown in FIG. 10, and Figure 10 describes the sliding sleeve according to Fig. 8 and 9 in a manner of radially observing 12 locking tooth 42 and engaging tooth 44 axial end regions.

The axial tooth ends along ring circumferential direction in two sides point of locking tooth 42 have locking inclined-plane 52 according to Figure 10, described Locking inclined-plane and variator axis A surround angle [alpha] or β, and the angle is up to 60 ° and not identical, so that locking tooth is opposite In tooth central axes X asymmetry.Two locking inclined-planes 52 correspondingly form the top cover with top cover angle (Dachwinkel) Shape the angle ranging from alpha+beta.

Axial spacing between the intersection point and locking inclined-plane 52 and the intersection point of adjacent flank 36 on two locking inclined-planes 52 It is typically much deeper than the 18% of the facewidth b of corresponding sliding sleeve tooth 18 herein.Further, since locking tooth geometry is asymmetric, Axial spacing in two half-unit point is different with locking tooth 42 on the contrary, according to the blunt tooth ends of the engaging tooth 44 of Figure 10 With flat end face, the end face is stretched perpendicular to variator axis A.

In simple, the completely flat end face embodiment of engaging tooth 44, in sliding sleeve 12 and connected body Therefore small rotation sideshake between 14 is only feasible, because connected body tooth 20 is as described hereinabove with convex The end face of shape.

Figure 11 shows the implementation modification of the alternative of the engaging tooth 44 of sliding sleeve 12, wherein the blunt tooth of engaging tooth 44 End has the end face of convex.The end face of convex herein along ring circumferential direction respectively from be adjacent to sliding sleeve tooth 18 flank 30, The bottom point 28 for the rear portion section 31 for being specifically adjacent to flank 30 is extended to via axially projecting top section 32 is adjacent to sliding The bottom point 34 of the flank 36 of socket teeth 18 inverted, the specific rear portion section 37 for being adjacent to flank 36.Here, in top section Axial spacing a between each of 32 and bottom point 28,34 is the maximum 18% of the facewidth b of sliding sleeve tooth 18, especially maximum 10%, wherein facewidth b is equivalent to the size measure along ring circumferential direction, tangential of sliding sleeve tooth 18, and is located at about In the order of magnitude of 2mm.

Therefore, the profile for the convex of the tooth ends of engaging tooth 44 provided corresponds to the convex of the tooth ends of connected body tooth 20 The profile of shape makes it possible to as described in it according to Fig. 7 with reference to embodiment above.Here, tooth central axes X End side surface is also divided into the two half-unit being asymmetrically to each other point, it is as illustrated according to Fig. 7, i.e., real shown in Apply be respectively in form end face left-half bending so that bottom point 28 relative to top section 32 have it is more smaller than spacing a Distance.32 cutting teeth central axes X of top section.

As the alternative or additional aspects according to the end face convexly constituted of the connected body tooth 20 of Fig. 7, therefore, root It also can convexly be constituted according to the end face of the engaging tooth 44 of Figure 11.When the tooth ends of connected body tooth 20 or the tooth ends of engaging tooth 44 When end face with convex, have been able to realize desired, the i.e. small rotating side between sliding sleeve 12 and connected body 14 Gap.

If not only the tooth ends of connected body tooth 20 but also the tooth ends of engaging tooth 44 composition have the end face of convex, Rotation sideshake continues to reduce in an advantageous manner, although only relatively slight.Figure 12 is illustrated in sliding sleeve tooth 18 and connection Rotation sideshake between body tooth 20, the rotation sideshake are up to 1 °, are especially up to 0.25 °.For the sum of sliding sleeve 12 For the current common diameter of connected body 14, the rotation sideshake corresponds to tangential clearance t ≈ 0.2mm on radian.

Compared with the common synchronizer for having slightly pointed tooth ends, in addition, by connected body tooth 20 and/or engagement The axial arrangement length of the end face of the convex of tooth 44, synchronizer 10 can be obviously reduced.

In the embodiment according to Fig. 4, synchronizer 10 has hub (Nabe) 58, and synchronization unit has for carrying out The pressure piece 26 of presynchronization, wherein hub 58 includes hub flange 60 and hub contact pin 62.The pressure piece 26 specifically illustrated has herein It big radial dimension and is extended into hub contact pin 62 from hub flange 60.In the scope of the utility model, also can certainly Enough consider, using radially extremely compactly designed pressure piece 26, the pressure piece is only contained in hub flange 60 And it does not extend in hub contact pin 62.This pressure piece 26 hub that is known and causing hub 58 for example from 1 715 210B1 of EP The smaller weak point of contact pin 62, makes it possible to reduce its axial dimension.In this way, by using radial especially compact Pressure piece 26 can also further decrease the axial arrangement length of synchronizer 10 when necessary.

Figure 13 shows the three-dimensional detail view of the synchronization ring 22 of the synchronizer 10 according to Fig. 4.

It is observed along ring circumferential direction, synchronous ring 22 is with teeth with the ring section 54 for synchronizing ring tooth 24 and with nothing The ring section 56 without synchronous ring tooth 24 of tooth.It is there, so-called to be used for equipped with anodontia ring section 56 according to Figure 13 The benchmark sideboard of the limited relative rotation of fixed synchronous ring 22 or the portion or for limiting of leaving a blank for axial stop element 57 The axial stop part of switching stroke processed is molded on synchronous ring 22.

Under the assembled state of synchronizer 10, sliding sleeve 12 and synchronous ring 22 are along ring circumferential direction mutual orientation at making The each locking tooth group 46 for obtaining sliding sleeve 12 is axially adjacent to ring section 54 with teeth and is arranged, and each of sliding sleeve 12 (also seeing Fig. 4) is arranged in the axial anodontia ring section 56 for being adjacent to synchronous ring 22 of engaging tooth group 48.

Figure 14 A to 17B illustrates the handoff procedure of synchronizer 10, and for this synchronizer 10 The synchronous method that speed changer is shifted gears.Here, describing synchronizer 10 respectively in the locking tooth group of sliding sleeve 12 in left side Expansion Local map in the axially regions of the ring section 54 with teeth of adjoining that are 46 and synchronizing ring 22, and distinguish on right side Describe synchronizer 10 sliding sleeve 12 engaging tooth group 48 and synchronous ring 22 axially adjacent anodontia ring section Expansion Local map in 56 region.

Figure 14 A and 14B are shown before handoff procedure starts in the axially centered neutral position of sliding sleeve 12 State.The axial tooth ends of sliding sleeve tooth 18 are not only with synchronous ring tooth 24 but also axially spaced with connected body tooth 20.

As in conventional synchronizer 10 ', sliding sleeve 12 is rotated together with axis, and gear position wheel has and sliding The different revolving speed of sleeve 12, connected body 14 are fixed on the gear position wheel.The ball bond of pressure piece 26 is interior to sliding sleeve 12 In slot 64 on side, as this shows in the lower area of Figure 14 A and 14B.

In the illustrated embodiment, the end face of whole connected body teeth 20 is convexly constituted, such as hereinbefore according to Fig. 7 As description.In order to avoid the transition of the cusped edge between end face and flank 30,36, exist in the region of bottom point 28,34 Seamed edge or angle can it is rounded within manufacturing tolerance or inclination.

Whole connected body teeth 20 are in axial direction equally long herein and especially constitute in the same manner.

Sliding sleeve tooth 18 is equally in axial direction equally long and is configured to locking tooth 42, engaging tooth 44 or transition Tooth 50, wherein locking tooth 42 is respectively provided with the axial tooth ends along ring circumferential direction in two sides point.Engaging tooth 44 is respectively provided with blunt Axial tooth ends, wherein the end face of blunt tooth ends is especially flat in the present embodiment and perpendicular to transmission shaft Line A stretching, extension.

However, as alternative, also it can be considered that, the end face of engaging tooth 44 is convexly constituted, such as hereinbefore As being described according to Figure 11.In order to avoid the transition of the cusped edge between end face and flank 30,36, herein in bottom point 28, seamed edge present in 34 region or angle also being capable of rounded within manufacturing tolerance or inclinations.

In the neutral position shown in Figure 14 A and 14B, the switching stroke S passed through by sliding sleeve 12 is still equal to zero.Such as Fruit sliding sleeve 12 is mobile axially towards the direction of connected body 14 by axial gear shifting force F, then pre-synchronization unit acts on In synchronous ring 22, and urge it against on the rubbing surface of gear position wheel side.Here, sliding sleeve 12 passes through switching stroke S1, and Synchronous ring 22 is adjusted in its lock position according to Figure 15 A and 15B.The locking tooth 42 of sliding sleeve 12 is in lock position It is pressed on synchronous ring tooth 24, and realizes revolving speed balance between sliding sleeve 12 and connected body.If revolving speed is synchronous, slide Moving sleeve 12 towards the direction of connected body 14 continue axial movement be it is feasible, wherein locking tooth 42 slides into synchronous ring tooth 24 Intermediate space in.The movement supports that the inclined-plane is arranged essentially parallel to by the inclined-plane 66 of the two sides on synchronous ring tooth 24 The locking inclined-plane 52 of locking tooth 42 is constituted, and can be slid along, to synchronize the tooth that ring tooth 24 is directed to locking tooth 42 In intermediate space.It means that the inclined-plane 66 on synchronous ring tooth 24 relative to tooth central axes X be it is asymmetric, such as according to Figure 10 It is illustrated.

After being shown in Figure 16 A and 16B in the outer toothed portion that the interior teeth portion in sliding sleeve 12 is engaged to synchronous ring 22 Synchronous regime.Sliding sleeve 12 has already passed through switching stroke S2 now, and wherein the slot 64 of sliding sleeve 12 slides over pressure piece 26 ball.

The engaging tooth 44 of sliding sleeve 12 does not have function during revolving speed is synchronous, is adjacent to because engaging tooth group 48 is axial The anodontia ring section 56 of synchronous ring 22, so not with synchronous 24 collective effect of ring tooth.

However, after synchronization, according to Figure 16 B, the end of the convex of the blunt tooth ends and connected body tooth 20 of engaging tooth 44 Face can directly collide each other, so that it is impossible that sliding sleeve tooth 18, which is engaged between connected body tooth 20,.Sliding sleeve 12 It is loaded herein by axial gear shifting force F towards connected body 14.

In this case, the small rotational speed difference being re-built between sliding sleeve 12 and connected body 14.Rotational speed difference can It is to minimize, because only dislocation must be generated along ring circumferential direction, the dislocation is used for, and connection is encountered in the end face of sliding sleeve tooth 18 On the tooth intermediate space of body tooth 20.

Rotational speed difference is established actively by least one following measure in the present embodiment:

Improve the cooling oil stream in speed changer；

The synchronization of another gear position wheel of speed changer, another described gear position wheel are not torsionally connected with connected body 14；

Control the shaft brake of speed changer；

Control motor.

By increasing for cooling oil stream, drag torque is initiatively improved, so that fast setting rotational speed difference.

By the short synchronization of gear position wheel, rotational speed difference is equally constructed very fast, the gear position wheel, which is not assigned to, to shift gears Gear, but exist in the transmission.Identical content is suitable for control the shaft brake of speed changer, wherein revolving speed via with consolidate Determine to reduce to the frictional connection of the component of shell.

The control of motor is especially interested in hybrid vehicle, because being equipped with motor anyway herein.? In this case, internal combustion engine and speed changer are decoupled, and of short duration connection motor is synchronous for revolving speed, until being switched to desired gear Position.Then, motor can be decoupled again and internal combustion engine reconnects on speed changer.

In order to execute the measure, gear shift transmission includes synchronizer 10 and derailleur control device, the speed changer Control device has the first actuator and the second actuator, and first actuator is used to move axially sliding sleeve 12, and Second actuator is used for the rotational speed difference established between sliding sleeve 12 and connected body 14.

By the rotational speed difference between sliding sleeve 12 and connected body 14, sliding sleeve tooth 18 and connected body tooth 20 end Face edge on ring week slides over each other, until the end face axial of sliding sleeve tooth 18, especially engaging tooth 44 is adjacent to connected body 14 The tooth intermediate space of outer toothed portion, and since gear shifting force F can be engaged between connected body tooth 20.

When by maximum switching stroke S_maxWhen, at a fully engaged state is shown in Figure 17 A and 17B.Connected body tooth 20 It is now currently located in its maximum immigration depth between sliding sleeve tooth 18.

Although the utility model is illustrated according to the specific embodiment of synchronizer 10 herein, it is therefore clear that this is practical Novel basic thought also can easily be diverted to other synchronization systems, such as example in EP 2 137 423 B1, WO Described in 0 812398 B1 of 2011/054494A1, WO 2012/028316 A1 or EP.

In particular, in the synchronization system, synchronizer 10 is also it can be considered that the utility model is used for synchronization system The synchronization unit in turn of power control is configured to, so that removing the axial movement to sliding sleeve 12 when being more than scheduled maximum, force Blocking.

Claims (20)

1. a kind of synchronizer for gear shift transmission, includes

Sliding sleeve (12), the sliding sleeve have interior teeth portion and can rotate around variator axis (A), the internal tooth Portion has multiple sliding sleeve teeth (18)；

The connected body (14) of gear position wheel, the connected body have outer toothed portion, and the outer toothed portion has multiple connected body teeth (20), institute The interior teeth portion for stating sliding sleeve (12) can be joined in the outer toothed portion, and

Synchronization unit, the synchronization unit can stop the axial movement of the sliding sleeve (12),

Wherein at least some sliding sleeve teeth (18) have respectively in the axial tooth ends that it is adjacent to the connected body (14) There is the end face of convex,

Wherein the end face of the convex is along ring circumferential direction respectively from the first bottom of the flank (30) for being adjacent to corresponding tooth (18,20) Point (28) extends to the of the flank (36) inverted for being adjacent to the tooth (18,20) via axially projecting top section (32) Two bottom points (34),

Wherein the end face of the convex is radially observed asymmetrically is constituted with axial tooth central axes (X), and

The wherein axial spacing (a) between the top section (32) and each of the first bottom point (28) and the second bottom point (34) It is at most the 18% of the facewidth (b) of the tooth (18,20), and the first bottom point and the second bottom point (28,34) and the top The distance difference of section and the top section (32) cutting teeth central axes (X).

2. synchronizer according to claim 1, which is characterized in that provide a kind of synchronous ring (22), have with more The outer toothed portion of a synchronous ring tooth (24) and the axial movement that sliding sleeve (12) can be stopped, wherein at least some locking tooths (42) It is respectively provided with the end face of convex,

Wherein the end face of the convex is along ring circumferential direction respectively from the first bottom of the flank (30) for being adjacent to corresponding tooth (18,20) Point (28) extends to the of the flank (36) inverted for being adjacent to the tooth (18,20) via axially projecting top section (32) Two bottom points (34),

Wherein the end face of the convex is radially observed asymmetrically is constituted with axial tooth central axes (X), and

The wherein axial spacing (a) between the top section (32) and each of the first bottom point (28) and the second bottom point (34) It is at most the 18% of the facewidth (b) of the tooth (18,20), and the first bottom point and the second bottom point (28,34) and the top The distance difference of section and the top section (32) cutting teeth central axes (X).

3. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the end face of the convex is by tooth central axes (X) point At two half-unit point, one of half part has stronger bending section than another half part.

4. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the end face of the convex is cylindrical.

5. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that radially observe the end face of the convex It is formed from the first bottom point (28) to the second bottom point (34) by the side section of cylinder.

6. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the end face of the convex has end face section (38), the end face section extends perpendicular to the variator axis (A) or its tangent line (40) is perpendicular to the transmission shaft Line (A) extends.

7. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the axial dimension of the connected body tooth (20) is most Greatly 3mm.

8. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in the sliding sleeve (12) and the connection Rotation sideshake between body (14) is up to 1 °.

9. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the sliding sleeve tooth (18) it is at least some There is end face in the tooth ends that it is adjacent to the connected body (14), the end face is flat and perpendicular to the speed change Device axis (A) stretching, extension.

10. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the synchronizer (10) is that power controls, Wherein the synchronization unit is configured to, so that removing in the case where being more than scheduled maximum, force to the sliding sleeve (12) Axial movement blocking.

11. synchronizer according to claim 2, which is characterized in that

The interior teeth portion of the sliding sleeve (12) has locking tooth (42) and engaging tooth (44), and the locking tooth had along ring week The direction axial tooth ends sharp in two sides, and the engaging tooth has blunt axial tooth ends, and

The locking tooth group (46) of the plurality of locking tooth (42) along ring circumferential direction directly side by side and multiple straight along ring circumferential direction The engaging tooth group (48) for connecing engaging tooth (44) side by side replaces along ring circumferential direction.

12. synchronizer according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the synchronous ring (22) has and has along ring circumferential direction Tooth, ring section (54) with synchronous ring tooth (24) and with ring sections anodontia, without synchronous ring tooth (24) (56), wherein each locking tooth group (46) of the sliding sleeve (12) is in a manner of being axially adjacent to ring section with teeth (54) Setting, and each engaging tooth group (48) of the sliding sleeve (12) is in a manner of being axially adjacent to anodontia ring section (56) Setting.

13. synchronizer according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the tooth ends of the locking tooth (42) and described nibble The tooth ends for closing tooth (44) are located substantially in common plane (E), and the plane is prolonged perpendicular to the variator axis (A) It stretches.

14. synchronizer according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the blunt tooth ends of the engaging tooth (44) have End face flat and perpendicular to the variator axis (A) stretching, extension, or the end face with convex, wherein the end face edge of the convex Ring circumferential direction is respectively from the first bottom point (28) for the flank (30) for being adjacent to the sliding sleeve tooth (18) via axially projecting Top section (32) extends to the second bottom point (34) for being adjacent to the flank (36) of the sliding sleeve tooth (18) inverted, and Wherein the axial spacing (a) between the top section (32) and each of the first bottom point (28) and the second bottom point (34) is institute State at most the 18% of the facewidth (b) of sliding sleeve tooth (18).

15. synchronizer according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the locking tooth (42) along ring circumferential direction two The axial tooth ends of side point have locking inclined-plane (52), and the locking inclined-plane and the variator axis (A) surround angle (α), the angle are up to 70 °.

16. synchronizer according to claim 11, which is characterized in that the interior teeth portion edge of the sliding sleeve (12) Ring circumferential direction is respectively provided with transition tooth (50) between the locking tooth group (46) and the engaging tooth group (48), wherein each mistake The axial tooth ends for crossing tooth (50) are substantially separated at middle part along ring circumferential direction, and being adjacent in terms of geometry The tooth ends for corresponding to locking tooth (42) on the side of locking tooth group (46) are stated, and are being adjacent to the engaging tooth group (48) Correspond to the tooth ends of engaging tooth (44) on side.

17. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the sliding sleeve (12) is sintered component.

18. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in the top section (32) and the first bottom point (28) axial spacing (a) between each of the second bottom point (34) is at most the 10% of the facewidth (b) of the tooth (18,20).

19. synchronizer according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that in the sliding sleeve (12) and the connection Rotation sideshake between body (14) is up to 0.25 °.

20. synchronizer according to claim 14, which is characterized in that in the top section (32) and the first bottom point (28) axial spacing (a) between each of the second bottom point (34) be the facewidth (b) of the sliding sleeve tooth (18) at most 10%.