CN104214237B - The synchronizer unit of speed changer - Google Patents

The synchronizer unit of speed changer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN104214237B
CN104214237B CN201410240814.2A CN201410240814A CN104214237B CN 104214237 B CN104214237 B CN 104214237B CN 201410240814 A CN201410240814 A CN 201410240814A CN 104214237 B CN104214237 B CN 104214237B
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China
Prior art keywords
sync
axial
synchronizer unit
base
gear shift
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CN201410240814.2A
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CN104214237A (en
Inventor
奥特马尔·贝克
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Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH
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Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding GmbH
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D23/00Details of mechanically-actuated clutches not specific for one distinct type
    • F16D23/02Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches
    • F16D23/04Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch
    • F16D23/06Arrangements for synchronisation, also for power-operated clutches with an additional friction clutch and a blocking mechanism preventing the engagement of the main clutch prior to synchronisation
    • F16D2023/0618Details of blocking mechanism comprising a helical spring loaded element, e.g. ball

Abstract

The present invention relates to the synchronizer unit of speed changer (12) (10), it has the sync-body (14) that can be rotated around variator axis (A), the gear shift sleeve (18) that can not be rotated but axially displaceably set relative to sync-body (14), the synchronous ring (26) for making sync-body (14) be engaged with a shifting gear (22) of speed changer (12) by being frictionally engaged, multiple bases (36) for being distributed on the periphery of sync-body (14) and it is radially orientated gear shift sleeve (18) spring force (F is applied to base (36)F) and the contact surface (40) of the base that reclines (36) spring part (38), wherein, the contact surface (40) of base (36) is at least partly tilted relative to variator axis (A), so that spring part (38) is by axial force component (FA) exerted a force and be axially supported on synchronous ring (26).

Description

The synchronizer unit of speed changer
Technical field
The present invention relates to the synchronizer unit of speed changer, it has the sync-body that can be rotated around variator axis, can not phase Rotated for sync-body but be axially movable the gear shift sleeve of setting, make a shelves of sync-body and speed changer by being frictionally engaged The synchronous ring of position gear engagement, multiple bases for being distributed on the periphery of sync-body and it is radially orientated gear shift sleeve base is applied Plus the spring part of the contact surface of spring force and the base that reclines.
Background technology
Synchronizer unit is outstanding according to as the U1 of DE 20 2,006 008 636 of foreword have been illustrated with fig. 8 It is in the embodiment of the flywheel sychronising device type of speed changer.
The content of the invention
The task of the present invention is to provide a kind of synchronizer unit with relatively low infrastructure cost, its run that noise is relatively low and efficiency very It is high.
According to the present invention, the task will be completed by the synchronizer unit of the above-mentioned type, wherein, the contact surface of base is extremely Small part is tilted relative to variator axis, so that spring part is exerted a force by axial force component and is axially supported on synchronous ring. Therefore, synchronous ring is by spring part axially loaded, and especially on so-called " disengaged position ", on the disengaged position, friction connects The mutual corresponding rubbing surface closed is spaced from each other.Thus, in the neutral position not operated of synchronizer unit (Neutralstellung) undesirable idling torque is reduced on, so that overall improve transmission efficiency.Synchronous ring passes through axle Quiver is also resulted in " actively the disengaging " of force component to mitigate, and then causes the operation noise of speed changer very low.
In an embodiment of synchronizer unit, in the axial direction towards the central axis of sync-body, transmission shaft Radial distance between line and inclined contact surface is incremented by.When contact surface is so tilted, the spring part is eventually through synchronous ring It is supported in the sync-body being axially fixed, so that synchronous ring is on the neutral position not operated of synchronizer unit Defined disengagement axial location and the sync-body that especially reclines.
Synchronous ring is preferably conical ring, and it is tapered tapered from the first axial rings end towards the second relative axial rings end, Here, the second axial rings end is adjacent with sync-body.Make the frictional engagement that sync-body is engaged with the shifting gear of speed changer herein In the case of can be realized with a low cost because synchronous ring by simple top can move on to matching somebody with somebody for shifting gear side by axial operation power Close in taper.
Conical ring is now preferably provided with the collar of footpath convex at its second axial rings end.Such collar can be added with relatively low Work technical costs is integrally formed on synchronous ring and forms the simple support portion for spring part.
Substitute circumferentially around collar, it is also contemplated that conical ring on its second axial rings end at least in pillow regions The interior contact pin with footpath convex.
Then, the spring part can be supported in the Radial collar of synchronous ring or radial direction contact pin and by axle in the axial direction Synchronous ring is exerted a force to force component.
In another embodiment of synchronizer unit, the sync-body abuts with synchronous ring and constitutes use in the axial direction In the axial stop of synchronous ring.In this way, synchronous ring is on the neutral position not operated of synchronizer unit As far as possible on gapless predetermined axial location, so as to almost patter noise do not occur because of synchronous ring and ensure synchronizer unit Corresponding low noise operation.
Synchronous a ring and a spring part is preferably provided with sync-body both sides vertically.This is except above-mentioned axial force distribution is in same Also resulted in outside step ring to disengaged position the base and gear shift sleeve it is advantageously axially fixed relative to sync-body in.Correspondingly, Can abandon for make gear shift sleeve on the neutral position not operated of synchronizer unit it is fixed in addition thereto.
In another embodiment of synchronizer unit, the axial cross section of these bases is T-shaped to be constituted and has respectively There are a radial web and two axial ledges, wherein, synchronous ring abuts the web of the base in the axial direction, and for spring The contact surface formation of part is on the flange of base.Therefore, T-shaped base is can simply be manufactured in terms of process technology multi-functional Part, they except its script transmission operating physical force to synchronous ring function in addition to also shoulder gear shift sleeve axial direction it is fixed neutralize it is synchronous Device gear axially loaded to disengaged position effect.
In another embodiment of synchronizer unit, gear shift sleeve can be moved axially relative to sync-body, herein, Gear shift sleeve on the neutral position not operated of synchronizer unit it is axially centered relative to sync-body arrangement and with it is described Base forms locking connection together.Until reaching defined operating physical force, the gear shift sleeve is connected by axial direction all the time by the locking It is fixed on the base, so as to can realize that gear shift sleeve is determined by the axial direction of base on the neutral position not operated In.
In another embodiment of synchronizer unit, gear shift sleeve can be moved axially relative to sync-body, wherein, should Gear shift sleeve is engaged and together with base on an axial shift pattern with a shifting gear anti-rotating of the speed changer Form locking connection.Connected by the locking, gear shift sleeve is also being maintained at it there is no the axial operation masterpiece used time by base On axial shift pattern.Thus, the bodyfixed frame for gear shift sleeve to be fixed on to shift pattern can be abandoned, such as in gear shift position Put the so-called rearmounted of intermeshing toothing.
Spring part preferably radially elastic form of springs, especially in the helical spring form with one or more circles. But also spring part can be used as using at least one turn as the replacement of helical spring.
Brief description of the drawings
Other features and advantages of the present invention are obtained in explanation referring to the drawings to preferred embodiment, wherein:
Fig. 1 is schematic office's sectional view of the synchronizer unit of the present invention of speed changer;
Fig. 2 is to cut open detail view according to the office of Fig. 1 synchronizer unit;
Fig. 3 is that the signal office of the first embodiment of the synchronizer unit of the present invention in the neutral position not operated is cutd open View;
Fig. 4 is Fig. 3 in an intermediate position synchronizer unit;
Fig. 5 is the synchronizer unit of Fig. 3 in shift pattern;
Fig. 6 is that the signal office of the second embodiment of the synchronizer unit of the present invention in the neutral position not operated is cutd open View;
Fig. 7 is Fig. 6 in an intermediate position synchronizer unit;
Fig. 8 is the synchronizer unit of Fig. 6 in shift pattern;
Fig. 9 is the signal office of the 3rd embodiment of the synchronizer unit of the present invention on the neutral position not operated Sectional view;
Figure 10 is the synchronizer unit in an intermediate position according to Fig. 9;
Figure 11 is the synchronizer unit of Fig. 9 in shift pattern.
Embodiment
Fig. 1 shows the synchronizer unit 10 of speed changer 12, and it, which has, to be rotated around variator axis A and anti-rotating is installed Sync-body 14 and gear shift sleeve 18 on power transmission shaft 16, gear shift sleeve is not rotatable relative to sync-body 14 but can axially move Set dynamicly, so as to which sync-body 14 and shifting gear side can be made by the toothing form fit of gear shift sleeve 18 and anti-rotatably Gear shift toothing 20 engage.Gear shift toothing 20 now may be integrally formed on shifting gear 22 or shape as shown in Figure 1 On the single fasteners 24 of Cheng Yi, the fastener is fixedly connected with shifting gear 22, for example, weld.
In addition, synchronizer unit 10 is used for by being frictionally engaged including what is be connected in the circumferential with the form fit of sync-body 14 The synchronous ring 26 for making sync-body 14 be engaged with the shifting gear 22 of speed changer 12.Multiple axles are integrally formed especially on synchronous ring 26 To the contact pin of protrusion, these contact pin are inserted in the recess of sync-body 14, so that synchronous ring 26 is engaged with sync-body 14 in the circumferential And transmit moment of friction in synchronization.Or, sync-body 14 can certainly have axially projecting part, these To transmit moment of friction in the corresponding recess of the partial insertion synchronous ring.
According to Fig. 1, the tapered ring-type of synchronous ring 26 is constituted, and it is from the first axial rings end 28 towards the second relative axial rings Hold 30 tapered tapered, wherein, the second axial rings end 30 abuts the sync-body 14.On radially inner side face, synchronous ring 26 has Conical friction face 32, the rubbing surface is by the axial movement of synchronous ring 26 close to or away from the tap web mating surface of shifting gear side 34.According to Fig. 1, taper fit face 34 is for example formed on the cone of friction of fastener 24.
If making synchronous ring 26 move axially to adjacent shifting gear 22, rubbing surface 32 and mating surface 34 constitute friction Engagement, it causes the synchronization between sync-body 14 and shifting gear 22.When synchronous ring 26 is oppositely moved axially to same When walking body 14, rubbing surface 32 is moved to so-called " disengaged position " from mating surface 34, on disengaged position, and synchronous ring 26 is with engaging The cone of friction of part 24 is spaced apart.
In an illustrated embodiment, constitute and be the synchronous latch-up-free toothing of ring 26 one of synchronizer unit 10 Point, the part is for example synchronized for the power control type in the speed changer of automatic manual.Or, naturally it is also possible to expect synchronization Ring 26 has locking toothing and is used for the locking synchronization of speed changer 12 in synchronizer unit 10.
Synchronizer unit 10 also includes the multiple bases 36 for being uniformly distributed in the periphery of sync-body 14, and each base is received In the recess of sync-body 14, gear shift sleeve 18 acts on sync-body and the sync-body court when gear shift sleeve 18 is moved axially Axial operation power F is imposed to the synchronous ring 26 of 22 pairs of shifting gear to be joinedS
According to Fig. 1, spring part 38 is additionally provided with, spring part radially outward imposes spring force towards gearshift sleeve 18 to base 36 FF(see Fig. 2) and the base 36 that reclines contact surface 40.
As spring part 38, using the spring of radial elastic, it forces in base radially outward towards gearshift sleeve 18 36.The spring of such radial elastic is, for example, turn or the helical spring with one or more circles.According to Fig. 1, along axle To the helical spring with two circles is respectively equipped with the both sides of sync-body 14 as spring part 38, herein, or also may be used certainly To use multiple spring parts 38 in every side.Under any circumstance, at least one spring part must at least with a circle against this Base 36 relative to the inclined contact surfaces 40 of variator axis A.
According to Fig. 1, vertically in the both sides of sync-body 14 provided with a synchronous spring part 38 of ring 26 and one.Correspondingly, these Base 36 is constituted axially symmetricly, so that said structure and shape are applied to two synchronous rings 26 of synchronizer unit 10.
Specifically, the axial cross section of each base 36 is T-shaped is constituted and with a radial web 42 and two axial directions Flange 44, wherein, synchronous ring 26 is axially adjacent to the web 42 of base 36, for making the contact surface 40 of spring part 38 in base 36 Flange 44 on, be Specifically on the radially inner side face of flange 44 formed.
Fig. 2 shows Fig. 1 detailed cross sectional view, it illustrates the contact surface 40 (at least) of base 36 partly relative to speed change Device axis A is tilted, so that spring part 38 passes through axial force component FAStress and axially it is supported on synchronous ring 26.Base 36 connects A part for contacting surface 40, Specifically contact surface 40 now sandwiches to form a tilt angle alpha and so relative with variator axis A Tilted in variator axis A, i.e. in the axial direction towards the center of sync-body 14, in variator axis A and inclined contact surface 40 Between radial distance be incremented by.
Because spring part 38 is against inclined contact surface 40 or the rake of contact surface 40, therefore by radial spring force FFCause The axial force component F that is exerted a force axially towards sync-body 14 to spring part 38A
Each spring part 38 is now supported on synchronous ring 26 or is supported on by synchronous ring 26 axially immovable In sync-body 14.Synchronous ring 26 has the circular collar 46 of footpath convex for this at its second axial rings end 30, and collar is in addition The web 42 of base 36 is abutted in the axial direction.
As circumferentially around collar 46 replacement, if synchronous ring 26 can also its second axial rings end 30 only have stem grafting Piece, these contact pin are at least in the region internal diameter convex of base 36 and the base 36 of one side adjoining vertically just as collar 46 Web 42 and another aspect adjacent springs part 38.
In any case, axial force component FAThe spring part 38 that is applied to it or directly or by another indirectly If the false bearing of spring part 38 in the radial direction contact pin of Radial collar 46 or gear of synchronizer 26.
Because the also adjacent synchronous ring 26 in the axial direction of sync-body 14, therefore it is constituted for the synchronous ring 26 that is axially movable Axial stop.Therefore, spring part 38 is axially supported in sync-body 14 by synchronous ring 26, thus one, the synchronous stress of ring 26 Into its disengaged position.Thus the undesirable idling torque between synchronous ring 26 and fastener 24 is reduced as far as possible, this is outstanding It contributes to the low noise of speed changer 12 to run and greater efficiency.
Fig. 3 to Fig. 5 shows the synchronizer unit 10 according to first embodiment, wherein, Fig. 3 shows what is do not operated Neutral position, Fig. 4 shows the centre position after synchronization, and Fig. 5 shows axial shift pattern, should on this position By engagement 24, shape-ordinatedly anti-rotating is connected gear shift sleeve 18 with shifting gear 22.
Obviously, gear shift sleeve 18 can be moved axially relative to sync-body 14, herein, and gear shift sleeve 18 is at it according to Fig. 3 The neutral position not operated on it is axially centered relative to sync-body 14 arrangement and together with the base 36 formed locking Connection.Therefore, gear shift sleeve 18 has a projection 48 in the region of base 36, the projection is extended radially inwardly and basic configuration It is fittingly inserted into recess 50, the recess is arranged in the radial outer side of base 36.
Because relative to the axial lock of the base 36 gear shift sleeve 18, therefore the axial force component F for passing through spring part 38ANot only Realize and axially force synchronous ring 26 into its disengaged position, and realize the base 36 and gear shift sleeve 18 on synchronization During body 14 is axially determined.
As axial operation power FSWhen being applied to gear shift sleeve 18, synchronous ring 26 is forced into rubbing for fastener 24 by base 36 Wipe on the conical surface, so that the synchronization between sync-body 14 and shifting gear 22.If operating physical force FSMore than latching resistance, then These bases 36 overcome spring force FFMove radially inwardly and gear shift sleeve 18 is moved axially into its shift pattern according to Fig. 5.
In the first embodiment of synchronizer unit 10, when gear shift sleeve is moved axially, the base 36 is according to Fig. 4 Centre position on be significantly prejudicially supported on gear shift sleeve 18, this may cause undesirable base 36 to tilt.In Fig. 4 In, as the yardstick of axially eccentric load, depict the distance between the central axis B and supporting center of gravity of sync-body 14 a1
Fig. 6 to Fig. 8 shows the synchronizer unit 10 according to second embodiment, its it is different from first embodiment it Place is only that radial protrusion 48 is formed in the radial outer side of base 36 now, and the axially centered shape of corresponding recess 50 Into in gear shift sleeve 18.In addition, on structure and working method, clearly with reference to the description to Fig. 3 to Fig. 5.
Advantages below is obtained by the structural change of second embodiment, base 36 is inclined because of axially eccentric load Danger is significantly reduced on the centre position according to Fig. 7.From in Fig. 4 apart from a1With the respective distance a in Fig. 72Contrast in See this point.
Fig. 9 to Figure 11 shows the synchronizer unit 10 according to the 3rd embodiment, its area with the first two embodiment The sealed shape between gear shift sleeve 18 and base 36 is not still only that.
Now, provided with two axially adjacent recesses 50 in gear shift sleeve 18, in the synchronizer unit 10 according to Fig. 9 On the neutral position not operated, there is the projection 48 formed in the radial outer side of base 36 a insertion described recessed respectively Mouthful.
The advantage of locking shape is that these bases 36 are supported on two on the center of synchronizer unit 10 and are located at On the position of the central axis B both sides of sync-body 14, this is represented by arrow 52 in Fig. 10.Undesirable base 36 is tilted Excluded substantially whereby.When suitably setting the size of projection 48 and recess 50, also the 3rd in synchronizer unit 10 implements Advantages below is obtained in mode, i.e. not only not operated in synchronizer unit 10 according to Fig. 3,6 and 9 of gear shift sleeve 18 On neutral position, and formed and be connected with the locking of base 36 on the axial shift pattern according to Figure 11.By described (additional ) favourable locking connection, synchronizer unit 10 do not having operating physical force FSIt is also held at during effect on its axial shift pattern. Therefore the bodyfixed frame for being fixed on gear shift sleeve 18 on shift pattern can be abandoned, for example, is mutually nibbled on shift pattern The gear shift sleeve toothing of conjunction and gear shift toothing 20 it is so-called rearmounted.

Claims (13)

1. a kind of synchronizer unit of speed changer (12), it has:
The sync-body (14) that can be rotated around variator axis (A),
The gear shift sleeve (18) that can not be rotated but axially displaceably set relative to sync-body (14),
The synchronous ring for making the sync-body (14) be engaged with a shifting gear (22) of speed changer (12) by being frictionally engaged (26),
Multiple bases (36) on the periphery of sync-body (14) are distributed in, and
It is radially orientated gear shift sleeve (18) and spring force (F is applied to base (36)F) and the base (36) that recline contact surface (40) Spring part (38),
It is characterized in that, the contact surface (40) of the base (36) is at least partly tilted relative to variator axis (A), so that described Spring part (38) is by axial force component (FA) exerted a force and be axially supported on synchronous ring (26).
2. synchronizer unit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, the axle in the axis (B) towards sync-body (14) Upwards, between variator axis (A) and inclined contact surface (40) radial distance is incremented by.
3. according to the synchronizer unit of one of preceding claims, it is characterized in that, the synchronous ring (26) is conical ring, and it is from One axial rings end (28) is tapered tapered towards the second relative axial rings end (30), wherein, the second axial rings end (30) is adjacent The sync-body (14).
4. synchronizer unit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the conical ring has at its second axial rings end (30) There is the collar (46) of footpath convex.
5. synchronizer unit according to claim 3, it is characterized in that, the conical ring at its second axial rings end (30) extremely Few contact pin with footpath convex in base (36) region.
6. synchronizer unit according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, the spring part (38) is supported on synchronization in the axial direction In the collar (46) of the footpath convex of ring (26) or radial direction contact pin.
7. synchronizer unit according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the sync-body (14) is axially adjacent described same Walking ring (26) and constituting is used for the axial stop of synchronous ring (26).
8. synchronizer unit according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, vertically in sync-body (14) both sides provided with same Walk ring (26) and spring part (38).
9. synchronizer unit according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the T-shaped structure of axial cross section of the base (36) Into and each base has a radial web (42) and two axial ledges (44), wherein, the axial neighbour of the synchronous ring (26) The radial web (42) is connect, and is formed for the contact surface (40) of spring part (38) in the axial ledge (44).
10. synchronizer unit according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the gear shift sleeve (18) can be relative to synchronization Body (14) is moved axially, wherein, the gear shift sleeve (18) is on the neutral position not operated relative to sync-body (14) axle Xiang Dingzhong is arranged and locking connection is formed together with base (36).
11. synchronizer unit according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the gear shift sleeve (18) can be relative to synchronization Body (14) is moved axially, wherein, a shelves of the gear shift sleeve (18) on an axial shift pattern with speed changer (12) Position gear (22) anti-rotating engagement simultaneously forms locking connection together with base (36).
12. synchronizer unit according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that, the spring part (38) is with the bullet of radial elastic Spring form is constituted.
13. synchronizer unit according to claim 12, it is characterized in that, the spring part (38) be configured to turn or Helical spring with one or more circles.
CN201410240814.2A 2013-05-31 2014-05-30 The synchronizer unit of speed changer Active CN104214237B (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013105622.9A DE102013105622A1 (en) 2013-05-31 2013-05-31 Synchronization unit of a manual transmission
DE102013105622.9 2013-05-31

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CN104214237B true CN104214237B (en) 2017-09-12

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FR (1) FR3006401B1 (en)

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JP6236476B2 (en) * 2016-01-27 2017-11-22 本田技研工業株式会社 Abnormal noise reduction device for transmission
DE102016206569B4 (en) * 2016-04-19 2018-04-26 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Synchro ring spring with locking function
IT201800006989A1 (en) 2018-07-06 2020-01-06 Synchronizer for mechanical transmission, particularly for vehicle transmission.
DE102019119016A1 (en) * 2019-07-12 2021-01-14 Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Holding Gmbh Synchronization unit for a manual transmission

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DE202006008636U1 (en) * 2006-05-31 2006-08-31 Hoerbiger Antriebstechnik Gmbh Synchronizing ring for a synchronizing device of a gear box comprises an annular body, an outer toothed structure arranged on one axial end of the annular body, a bearing surface and an index cam
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CN202768748U (en) * 2012-08-25 2013-03-06 贾建有 Synchronizer

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CN104214237A (en) 2014-12-17
DE102013105622A1 (en) 2014-12-18
FR3006401B1 (en) 2019-03-22

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