CN208907918U - A kind of double screen grid gas detector for physical measurement of fissioning - Google Patents
A kind of double screen grid gas detector for physical measurement of fissioning Download PDFInfo
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- CN208907918U CN208907918U CN201821434154.1U CN201821434154U CN208907918U CN 208907918 U CN208907918 U CN 208907918U CN 201821434154 U CN201821434154 U CN 201821434154U CN 208907918 U CN208907918 U CN 208907918U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of double screen grid gas detectors for physical measurement of fissioning, the detector includes the cylinder of both ends open, inner hollow, the cylinder both ends open passes through upper plate, lower plate docking sealing respectively, the cylinder lateral wall is equipped with ionized gas air inlet, gas outlet, and on upper plate to lower plate direction, first anode plate, first grid polar circle, cathode plate, second gate polar circle, second plate plate are successively arranged in the cylinder；It is set as at the cathode plate center for holding cathode targets discharge position to be fissioned, the position and neutron entrance window face set on the upper plate.The utility model detector avoids conventional measurement techniques chemical treatment and step measurement bring error, have many advantages, such as radiation hardness damage, can measure primary fission fragment information, detector resolution less than 1 atomic mass unit, can will more accurate, completely measure the kinetic energy distribution information of the Mass Distribution information and fission fragment of fission fragment.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to Nuclear Physics detection technology field more particularly to a kind of pair of neutron induces heavy nuclear fission
The double screen grid gas detector of the measurement of fission fragment kinetic energy, mass measurement.
Background technique
Novel nuclear energy uses system proposed in recent years, utilizes fissionable nucleus232Th、238U generates energy, has safety
Well, the advantages of economy is high, nuke rubbish yield is small, transmuting core weary material, prevention of nuclear proliferation, it has also become the newest side of world nuclear development
To.The research and development of novel nuclear energy uses system induce neutron232Th、233,235,238U、237Np、239Pu、241The actinium series heavy nuclear fission such as Am
Evaluation data propose higher required precision, wherein fission fragment yield distributed data, fission fragment kinetic energy distribution data
Urgently careful research.
Currently, the experimental method of common measurement fission product information has, radiochemical method (Radiochemistry, RC), matter
Spectrometry (Mass Spectrometry, MS), HPGe γ spectrum method, double acting energy method and two-speed method.
Radiochemical method (RC) i.e. radiochemical method is the method for combining Chemical Decomposition and radioactivity survey.Fission produces
Object core majority will be by emitting β-And gamma-rays decays, and for different decay chains, designs different putting processes, it will be to
Fission product separation, purification, sample preparation are surveyed, then measures the specific radioactivity in sample with suitable detection means.Such method
The disadvantage is that separation process is quite cumbersome, the measurement of the fission fragment nucleic very short for half-life period is highly difficult.This measurement method
Measurement accuracy is about 5%~10%.
Mass spectrography (MS) is the target material after irradiation to be dissolved into solution, and a certain amount of nucleic to be measured is added thereto
Stable isotope, then it is fabricated to sample, then sample is placed in ion source or roaster and heats ionization, by ion acceleration and is led to
It crosses analysis magnet to separate the different nucleic of quality, can be measured on focal plane and obtain the same position of stabilization of product core to be measured and addition
Relative scale between element.Due to the amount of the stable isotope of addition be it is known, amount that is close and can calculating fission product obtains
To product yield.The yield precision that such method measurement obtains is up to 2%.
HPGe γ spectrum method is called activation method, i.e., by measuring the Characteristic γ ray power spectrum of fission product nucleic, while root
It calculates to obtain irradiation ended zero according to data such as the detection efficient of detector, product nuclear decay half-life period, gamma-rays decay branching ratios
The quantity of moment product core further according to the fission event number that monitoring obtains, and then calculates fission yield.The method is lured due to neutron
The complexity for the gamma-rays power spectrum that sample issues after shattered crack becomes, the fission product quantity that the method can measure are extremely limited.
Double acting energy method is equably to be plated in a small amount of sample on film, then respectively places a semiconductor in sample film two sides
Detector is for measuring fission fragment kinetic energy.A pair of of fragment that fission reaction generates can be flown away from opposite directions, be then placed in film both sides
Detector measurement and record fragment kinetic energy.The major defect of such method is that primary fragment one can be caused due to given-ioff neutron
Fixed energy and quality broadening.
Two-speed method is to do coincidence measurement with time-of-flight method can to measure two primary from same fissioning nucleus simultaneously broken
The speed (fission chip velocity variation in given-ioff neutron front and back is little) of piece, the matter of fission fragment is obtained with the conservation of momentum finally in turn
The shortcomings that amount, such method is more demanding, the data correction difficulty to detector, electronic system.
In conclusion problem of the existing technology is: fission product need to be chemically treated again, then by individually detecting
Device systematic survey fission information, measurement accuracy are strongly dependent on chemical treating process and detector precision.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide the measurement of fission fragment kinetic energy, quality that a kind of pair of neutron induces heavy nuclear fission
The double screen grid gas detector of measurement, the detector are specially radiation hardness, 4 direction π solid angular measurements, fission sample without chemistry
The neutron fission on-line measurement device of processing, it is intended to solve measurement accuracy in the presence of present detection method and detection device
It is strongly dependent on chemical treating process and detector precision, and then leads to the biggish error of detection result.
The utility model is realized in this way a kind of double screen grid gas detector for physical measurement of fissioning, the detection
Device includes the cylinder of both ends open, inner hollow, which passes through upper plate, lower plate docking sealing, institute respectively
Cylinder lateral wall is stated equipped with ionized gas air inlet, gas outlet, and on upper plate to lower plate direction, in the cylinder successively
Equipped with first anode plate, first grid polar circle, cathode plate, second gate polar circle, second plate plate；It is set as using at the cathode plate center
In holding cathode targets discharge position to be fissioned, set neutron entrance window face on the position and the upper plate.
Preferably, the detector further includes symmetrical respectively in the intracorporal several support insulating bars of cylinder, the anode plate, grid
Polar circle, cathode plate are installed on supports insulative bar, the supports insulative bar and cylinder axis parallel, and the supports insulative bar
Both ends are separately fixed at upper plate, on lower plate.
Preferably, the detector further includes equipped with the pressure gauge outfit on cylinder.
Preferably, the cathode target material includes thin polyimides organic material layer, is located at thin polyimides organic material
The gold plating and the heavy nucleus material to be fissioned on the gold plating of side of layer two sides.
Preferably, the mass thickness of the thin polyimides organic material layer is 30 μ g/cm2, gold plating mass thickness is
50μg/cm2, heavy nucleus quality of materials to be fissioned is with a thickness of 100 μ g/cm2, electrode diameter is φ 175mm.
Preferably, the neutron entrance window with a thickness of 0.5mm.
Preferably, between the first anode plate, first grid polar circle, cathode plate, second gate polar circle, second plate plate,
There are equal uniform electric field between grid and cathode and anode-grid, electric field is E between grid and cathodeG-C=0.05kV/mm, anode-
Electric field is E between gridA-G=0.18kV/mm.
The utility model overcomes the deficiencies of the prior art and provide a kind of double screen grid detection of gas for physical measurement of fissioning
Device, wherein cathode plate uses " sandwich " structure, and gold atom is vaporized on thin polyimides organic material two sides, forms " Sanming City
Control " structure, wherein side, is vaporized on gold surface for heavy nucleus material to be fissioned.Compared with the prior art the shortcomings that and deficiency, this
Utility model has the advantages that the utility model detector is able to achieve the on-line measurement for inducing neutron heavy nuclear fission,
Avoid conventional measurement techniques chemical treatment and step measurement bring error；The utility model detector is damaged with radiation hardness
The advantages that wound, the 4 full measurement in space in the direction π, measurable primary fission fragment information, fission fragment information can be obtained in real time, visit
Survey device resolution ratio will less than 1 atomic mass unit, can it is more accurate, completely measure fission fragment Mass Distribution information and
The kinetic energy distribution information of fission fragment.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model double screen grid gas detector；
Fig. 2 is structural schematic diagram of the utility model double screen grid gas detector under section view state；
Cathode target material structure schematic diagram in Fig. 3 the utility model technology；
Fig. 4 is that the utility model technology is used for the gas detector structure schematic diagram measured of fissioning；
Anode, grid system acquisition and the output system of Fig. 5 the utility model technology；
Fig. 6 is the utility model technology in 2MeV neutron induction U-234 fission fragment kinetic energy distribution experimental result.
Specific embodiment
In order to make the purpose of the utility model, technical solutions and advantages more clearly understood, below in conjunction with attached drawing and implementation
Example, the present invention will be further described in detail.It should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only used to explain
The utility model is not used to limit the utility model.
As shown in figs. 1 to 6, wherein Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model double screen grid gas detector；Fig. 2 is this
Structural schematic diagram of the utility model double screen grid gas detector under section view state；Cathode targets in Fig. 3 the utility model technology
Expect structural schematic diagram；Fig. 4 is that the utility model technology is used for the gas detector structure schematic diagram measured of fissioning；Fig. 5 sheet is practical
Anode, grid system acquisition and the output system of new technique；Fig. 6 is the utility model technology in 2MeV neutron induction U-234
Fission fragment kinetic energy distribution experimental result.
The utility model discloses a kind of double screen grid gas detector for physical measurement of fissioning, which includes two
The cylinder 1 of end opening, inner hollow, 1 both ends open of cylinder pass through upper plate 2, the docking sealing of lower plate 3, the cylinder respectively
1 side wall of body is equipped with ionized gas air inlet 4-1, gas outlet 4-2, and on upper plate 2 to 3 direction of lower plate, the cylinder 1
Inside it is successively arranged first anode plate 5, first grid polar circle 6, cathode plate 7, second gate polar circle 8, second plate plate 9；The cathode plate
It is set as at center for holding 10 position of cathode target material to be fissioned, which enters with neutron set on the upper plate 2
Penetrate 11 face of window.
In the implementation process of the utility model, to be easily installed and positioned each anode plate, grid circle, cathode plate, more specifically
, the detector further includes symmetrical several support insulating bars 12 in cylinder 1 respectively, the anode plate, grid circle, cathode
Plate is installed on supports insulative bar 12, the supports insulative bar 12 and 1 axis parallel of cylinder, and 12 liang of the supports insulative bar
End is separately fixed at upper plate 2, on lower plate 3.
In the implementation process of the utility model, more specifically, for convenient for in cylinder 1 pressure carry out real-time monitoring, more
Specifically, the detector further includes equipped with the pressure gauge outfit 13 on cylinder 1.
In the implementation process of the utility model, anode plate, grid circle, cathode plate, cylinder 1, upper plate 2, lower plate 3,
Neutron entrance window 11 should be the circle with common axle center.
In the implementation process of the utility model, for provide it is a kind of suitable for the utility model detector application wait fission
Cathode target material 10, more specifically, the cathode target material 10 include thin polyimides organic material layer 10-1, be located at it is thin poly-
The gold plating 10-2 of the acid imide organic material layer two sides and heavy nucleus material 10-3 to be fissioned on the gold plating of side.
In the actual application of the utility model, a height of 175mm of detector, diameter is φ 285mm；Thin polyimides
The mass thickness of organic material layer is 30 μ g/cm2, gold plating mass thickness is 50 μ g/cm2, heavy nucleus quality of materials thickness to be fissioned
For 100 μ g/cm2, electrode diameter is φ 175mm；Neutron entrance window 11 with a thickness of 0.5mm, neutron scattering is influenced with reducing；
Between the first anode plate 5, first grid polar circle 6, cathode plate 7, second gate polar circle 8, second plate plate 9, grid and cathode and
There are equal uniform electric field between anode-grid, electric field is E between grid and cathodeG-C=0.05kV/mm, electric field is between anode-grid
EA-G=0.18kV/mm.Heavy nucleus material to be fissioned is placed in the center of cathode plate, the effect of grid board is for shielding
The electronics charge inducing that drift motion generates anode between cathode and anode.Neutron passes through neutron entrance window 11 and gets to wait split
Become on heavy nucleus material, neutron and heavy nucleus material to be fissioned interact, and fission nuclear reaction occurs, and fission fragment is dissipated to all directions
Penetrate, the ionized gas (P-10 gas: 90%Ar+10%CH4) in fission fragment ionization detector, due between grid and cathode and
There are strong electrical fields between anode-grid, form cation and electronics and drift about to the two poles of the earth, and anode plate collects charge inducing signal, passes through
The output of Subsequent electronic system.Electrical signal output as shown in figure 5, by preposition charge amplifier 14, digitizer 15,
Computer system 16 forms, wherein 142AH of the preposition charge amplifier 14 using the production of ORTEC company, digitizer 15
The DT5725B (8ch × 725 DPP-SUP) produced using CAEN company.Detector output signal is through preposition charge sensitive amplifier
Device (ORTEC, 142AH) tentatively amplifies, and is connected with Digitizer digitizer (CAEN, DT5725B), and analog signal is turned
Digital signal is turned to, the DPP firmware of CAEN exploitation can obtain the kinetic energy information of fission fragment from input signal, online to letter
Number ballistic deficit, baseline restorer and the refusal amendment such as build-up of particles are carried out, final obtain after neutron induces heavy nuclear fission is fissioned
The kinetic energy information of fragment, by taking 2MeV neutron induces U-234 heavy nuclear fission fragment kinetic energy distribution as an example, as a result as shown in Figure 6.
The utility model detector is able to achieve the on-line measurement for inducing neutron heavy nuclear fission, avoids traditional measurement skill
Art chemical treatment and step measurement bring error；The utility model detector is damaged with radiation hardness, the complete three-dimensional survey in 4 directions π
The advantages that amount, measurable primary fission fragment information, fission fragment information can be obtained in real time, detector resolution will be less than 1
Atomic mass unit can more accurate, completely measure the Mass Distribution information of fission fragment and the kinetic energy point of fission fragment
Cloth information.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the utility model only, is not intended to limit the utility model, all at this
Made any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc., should be included in the utility model within the spirit and principle of utility model
Protection scope within.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of double screen grid gas detector for physical measurement of fissioning, which is characterized in that the detector include both ends open,
The cylinder of inner hollow, the cylinder both ends open pass through upper plate, lower plate docking sealing respectively, and the cylinder lateral wall is equipped with
Ionized gas air inlet, gas outlet, and on upper plate to lower plate direction, be successively arranged in the cylinder first anode plate,
First grid polar circle, cathode plate, second gate polar circle, second plate plate；It is set as to be fissioned for holding at the cathode plate center
Set neutron entrance window face on cathode targets discharge position, the position and the upper plate.
2. the double screen grid gas detector as described in claim 1 for physical measurement of fissioning, which is characterized in that the detection
Device further includes symmetrical respectively in the intracorporal several support insulating bars of cylinder, and the anode plate, grid circle, cathode plate are installed in support
On insulating bar, the supports insulative bar and cylinder axis parallel, and supports insulative bar both ends be separately fixed at upper plate, under
On bottom plate.
3. the double screen grid gas detector as claimed in claim 2 for physical measurement of fissioning, which is characterized in that the detection
Device further includes equipped with the pressure gauge outfit on cylinder.
4. the double screen grid gas detector as claimed in claim 3 for physical measurement of fissioning, which is characterized in that the cathode
Target material includes thin polyimides organic material layer, positioned at the gold plating of thin polyimides organic material layer two sides and positioned at one
Heavy nucleus material to be fissioned on the gold plating of side.
5. the double screen grid gas detector as claimed in claim 4 for physical measurement of fissioning, which is characterized in that described thin poly-
The mass thickness of acid imide organic material layer is 30 μ g/cm2, gold plating mass thickness is 50 μ g/cm2, heavy nucleus material matter to be fissioned
Amount is with a thickness of 100 μ g/cm2, electrode diameter is φ 175mm.
6. the double screen grid gas detector as claimed in claim 5 for physical measurement of fissioning, which is characterized in that the neutron
Entrance window with a thickness of 0.5mm.
7. the double screen grid gas detector for physical measurement of fissioning as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that described the
One anode plate, first grid polar circle, cathode plate, second gate polar circle, between second plate plate, between grid and cathode and anode-grid
There are equal uniform electric field, electric field is E between grid and cathodeG-C=0.05kV/mm, electric field is E between anode-gridA-G=0.18kV/
mm。
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109164479A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-08 | 兰州大学 | Double screen grid gas detector for fission fragment physical measurement |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109164479A (en) * | 2018-09-03 | 2019-01-08 | 兰州大学 | Double screen grid gas detector for fission fragment physical measurement |
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