CN208851509U - A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator - Google Patents
A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN208851509U CN208851509U CN201820737521.9U CN201820737521U CN208851509U CN 208851509 U CN208851509 U CN 208851509U CN 201820737521 U CN201820737521 U CN 201820737521U CN 208851509 U CN208851509 U CN 208851509U
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- ray
- detector
- plate
- plane domain
- gap
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Landscapes
- Apparatus For Radiation Diagnosis (AREA)
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of X-rays to block component and its preceding collimator.It includes a pair of of tungsten plate that this, which blocks component, the gap passed through for X-ray is formed between tungsten plate, gap has the first plane domain of preset length enclosed by hyperbola, and the drum portion for the x-ray projection that the first plane domain is used to be projected on detector is trimmed to flat line；The both ends of first plane domain have the second plane domain enclosed by bilinear, the straight portion of x-ray projection that second plane domain is used to be projected on detector is trimmed to cydariform, to realize that auxiliary detector is detected and controlled by the Limit Width of the x-ray projection after limit beam.Therefore, originally blocking component not only can make to project the x-ray projection rectangle on detector, can also realize that auxiliary detector is detected and controlled by the Limit Width of the x-ray projection after limit beam, bear extra dose to avoid patient.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of X-rays to block component (referred to as blocking component), also relate to include that this blocks group
The preceding collimator of the CT of part, belongs to computed tomography field.
Background technique
CT (Computed Tomography, computed tomography) is a kind of doctor being widely used in medical field
Learn diagnostic device.Currently, collimator before being generally arranged on CT reduces the dosage that patient bears for limiting extra X-ray,
Scattered rays is reduced, picture quality is improved.The preceding collimator is stayed between two tungsten plates by being placed in parallel two independent tungsten plates
The gap for having the both ends that pass through of X-ray for making to need parallel, unwanted X-ray can then be blocked by tungsten plate, by X-ray meeting
It projects to using x-ray focus as in the curved detector in the center of circle.According to different scanning requirements, by X-ray it is of different size,
Gap size then between two tungsten plates is also different, and the size in the gap can be carried out by the relative motion between two tungsten plates
Adjustment.
At present, it is common to use the hardened structure of tungsten there are mainly two types of: one is plate shaped tungsten plates, and structure is simple, bulk
It is smaller；Another then be the arc-shaped tungsten plate (as shown in Figure 1 arc-shaped tungsten plate 3) using x-ray focus as the center of circle, structure is slightly multiple
Miscellaneous, bulk is also larger.It wherein, is bulging as shown in Fig. 2, width, both ends are narrow among the x-ray projection that plate shaped tungsten plate generates
Shape projection；As shown in figure 3, the x-ray projection that arc-shaped tungsten plate generates is rectangular projection；It has been generally acknowledged that rectangular projection is more preferable, it
Patient will not be allowed to bear extra dose.
But when needing to make the maximum effective width of detector to be all utilized, x-ray projection width is often greater than
The width of detector, in order to minimize the extra dose of patient's receiving, it would be desirable to control the Limit Width of x-ray projection.
Because a whole set of detector understands some detector at the both ends of arcuate structure and is not involved in image reconstruction, it is only used as reference channel,
Using this segment detector, while using the characteristic of cydariform projection concave portion, penetrated when other parts detector can receive X
Line, and only reference detector width direction both ends tap is when can not receive, it is believed that patient is not subject to additional agent at this time
Amount.Rectangular projection can not then realize the Limit Width of control x-ray projection by means of which.
Summary of the invention
Primary technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of X-ray and blocks component.
Another technical problem to be solved in the utility model be to provide it is a kind of block component including above-mentioned X-ray before
Collimator.
To achieve the goals above, the utility model uses following technical solutions:
According to the utility model embodiment in a first aspect, providing a kind of X-ray blocks component, including a pair of of tungsten plate, institute
The gap for being formed between tungsten plate and passing through for X-ray is stated, the gap has first enclosed by hyperbola of preset length
Plane domain, the drum portion for the x-ray projection that first plane domain is used to be projected on detector are trimmed to straight
Line；The both ends of first plane domain have the second plane domain enclosed by bilinear, and second plane domain is used
It is trimmed to cydariform in the straight portion for the x-ray projection being projected on detector, assists the detector detection simultaneously to realize
Control is by the Limit Width of the x-ray projection after limit beam.
Wherein more preferably, the tungsten plate is plate shaped tungsten plate.
Wherein more preferably, have that a shape and size are identical blocks end face on each plate shaped tungsten plate.
Wherein more preferably, the centre for blocking end face has the arc-shaped curved surface of the outwardly convex of preset length, the screening
The both ends for keeping off end face have straight plane.
Wherein more preferably, the plate shaped tungsten plate is placed in parallel, and makes the screening of a plate shaped tungsten plate
End face is blocked described in gear end face and plate shaped tungsten plate described in another to be aligned.
Wherein more preferably, first plane domain, the plate are formed between the arc-shaped curved surface of the plate shaped tungsten plate
The second plane domain is formed between the plane of shape tungsten plate.
Wherein more preferably, the preset length of the arc-shaped curved surface indicates are as follows:
L '=2*tg (β/2) * Lmin
Wherein, LminIndicate the minimum range of slot edge of the X-ray from focus to two the plate shaped tungsten plate, β
Indicate the range of detector radian corresponding to the maximum field of view angle of computed tomography scanner.
Wherein more preferably, after the X-ray passes through first plane domain, the X-ray on the detector is projected
Projection width is identical.
Wherein more preferably, the x-ray projection width means are as follows:
Dn=Sn*Rn/Ln
Wherein, SnIndicate the gap width of a certain position between two plate shaped tungsten plates, RnIndicate X-ray from focus to
The distance of a certain position of curved detector arc side, LnIndicate the distance of X-ray a certain marginal position from focus to gap.
According to the second aspect of the utility model embodiment, a kind of preceding collimation that component is blocked including above-mentioned X-ray is provided
Device includes.
It is provided by the utility model to block component, end face is blocked by being arranged on plate shaped tungsten plate, and at two
The gap for being formed between end face and there is the first plane domain and the second plane domain is blocked, can not only make to project detector has
The x-ray projection imitated on visual field region is rectangle, can also realize that auxiliary detector is detected and controlled and be penetrated by the X after limit beam
The Limit Width of line projection can bear extra dose to avoid patient.Also, tungsten can farthest be saved by originally blocking component
The making material of plate, so that originally blocking component has the characteristics that structure is simple, occupy little space, is at low cost, is light-weight.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that existing arc-shaped tungsten plate is used in combination with detector；
Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram for the cydariform projection that plate shaped tungsten plate generates on the detector；
Fig. 3 is the schematic diagram for the rectangular projection that arc-shaped tungsten plate generates on the detector；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram provided by the utility model for blocking component；
Fig. 5 is the schematic diagram provided by the utility model for blocking the x-ray projection that component generates on the detector；
Fig. 6 is the main view provided by the utility model for blocking component and being used in combination with detector；
Fig. 7 is the side view provided by the utility model for blocking component and being used in combination with detector.
Specific embodiment
The technology contents of the utility model are described in further detail in the following with reference to the drawings and specific embodiments.
In blocking in component for existing preceding collimator, if blocking component using plate shaped tungsten plate, work as quilt
When x-ray projection width after limiting beam is less than the width of curved detector (hereinafter referred to as detector), since X-ray passes through two
Projection behind gap between plate shaped tungsten plate on the effective visual field region of detector is cydariform, and detector both ends
Reference channel (reference channel 5 as shown in Figure 6) is not involved in image reconstruction, and detector other parts (visual field) are for scheming
As rebuilding, therefore, the drum portion of x-ray projection of the plate shaped tungsten plate on the effective visual field region of detector can be beyond spy
The visual field for surveying device, so that patient can bear extra dose (radiation)；If blocking component using arc-shaped tungsten plate, that
When needing to make the maximum effective width of detector to be all utilized, the x-ray projection width after generally requiring to be limited beam is big
In the width of detector, at this point, being difficult with the reference channel at detector both ends to judge the opening of preceding collimator (beam-defining clipper)
(gap between two arc-shaped tungsten plates) whether already close to the limit is arrived, that is, the x-ray projection after being difficult to judge to be limited beam is wide
Whether degree agrees with the maximum effective width of detector, so as to cause the visual field that extra X-ray exceeds detector is had, makes
Extra dose (radiation) can be born by obtaining patient.
Therefore, two kinds in order to solve existing preceding collimator block the above problem present in component, and the utility model mentions
A kind of novel X-ray has been supplied to block component.As shown in figure 4, it includes a pair of of tungsten plate 1 that this, which blocks component, this is to shape between tungsten plate 1
At there is a gap 2 passed through for X-ray, and the gap 2 has the first plane domain of preset length enclosed by hyperbola
201, which is used to be projected onto the X of detector (referring to the effective visual field region of detector)
The drum portion of ray projection is trimmed to flat line；There is the enclosed by bilinear at the both ends of the first plane domain 201
Two plane domains 202, second plane domain 202 is for being projected onto detector (curved detector 4 as shown in Figure 6)
The straight portion of the x-ray projection of (referring on the effective visual field region of detector) is trimmed to cydariform, to realize that auxiliary is visited
Device is surveyed to detect and control by the Limit Width of the x-ray projection after limit beam.It ought need to make the maximum effective width of detector complete
When portion is utilized, is detected by the reference channel (reference channel 5 as shown in Figure 6) of detector and judge to be limited the X after beam and penetrated
Whether line projection's width agrees with the maximum effective width of detector, can bear extra dose (radiation) to avoid patient.
Specifically, as shown in figure 4, each tungsten plate 1 originally blocked in component can use plate shaped tungsten plate.Each plate shaped tungsten plate
It is upper to block end face with one, and the shape and size for blocking end face of each plate shaped tungsten plate are identical.Wherein, end is each blocked
The centre in face has the arc-shaped curved surface 101 of the outwardly convex of preset length, and the both ends for each blocking end face have straight plane
102；Each plate shaped tungsten plate is placed in parallel, and make a plate shaped tungsten plate blocks end face and another plate shaped tungsten plate
End face alignment is blocked, at this point, forming the first plane domain between the arc-shaped curved surface 101 for blocking end face of two plate shaped tungsten plates
201, the second plane domain 202 is formed between the plane 102 for blocking end face of two plate shaped tungsten plates.As shown in figure 5, passing through two
The arc-shaped curved surface 101 for blocking end face of a plate shaped tungsten plate may be implemented to pass through between two arc-shaped curved surfaces 101 first flat
Face region 201 (gap between two arc-shaped curved surfaces 101) simultaneously projects on detector and (refers to the effective visual field of detector
On region) the drum portion of x-ray projection be trimmed to flat line so that x-ray projection is located at the visual field of detector
In, to avoid visual field of the drum portion of x-ray projection beyond detector and make patient that can bear extra dose；It is logical
The plane 102 for blocking end face for crossing two plate shaped tungsten plates may be implemented to pass through the second plane area between two planes 102
Domain 202 (gap between two planes 102) simultaneously projects on detector and (refers on the effective visual field region of detector)
The straight portion of x-ray projection be trimmed to cydariform, to realize that auxiliary detector is detected and controlled by the x-ray projection after limit beam
Limit Width so that being agreed with the maximum effective width of detector by the projection width of the X-ray after limit beam, to avoid more
Remaining x-ray projection exceeds the visual field of detector, causes patient that can bear extra dose (radiation).
Due to the size of two plate shaped tungsten plates blocked the distance between end face and directly influence gap 1.It therefore, can be with
According to the actual situation, two plate shaped tungsten plates are controlled to move towards, realizes and is formed by seam between two plate shaped tungsten plates of adjustment
The size of gap 1, so that X-ray has different projection widths.
Wherein, as shown in fig. 6, the length and X-ray of the arc-shaped curved surface 101 for blocking end face due to two plate shaped tungsten plates
From focus to distance L (X-ray 2 different marginal position from focus to gap at 2 edge of gap two plate shaped tungsten plates
Distance be L1, L2 ... L respectivelyn, n is positive integer) and CT (Computed Tomography, computed tomography) machine
The range of 4 radian β of detector corresponding to maximum FOV (Field of Vision, field angle) is related, therefore, can basis
Trigonometric function relationship can calculate the length (as shown in Figure 4) of arc-shaped curved surface 101 according to the following formula.
L '=2*tg (β/2) * Lmin (1)
Wherein, LminIndicate X-ray from focus to the minimum range at 2 edge of gap two plate shaped tungsten plates, β table
Show the range of detector radian β corresponding to the maximum FOV (Field of Vision, field angle) of CT.
As shown in Fig. 4, Fig. 6 and Fig. 7, due to X-ray across the arc-shaped curved surface 101 of two plate shaped tungsten plates first
It is therefore rectangle projects the X in curved detector 4 that the x-ray projection in curved detector 4 is projected after plane domain 201
The projection width of ray is identical.Assuming that X-ray is from focus to the distance L at 2 edge of gap two plate shaped tungsten plates, (X is penetrated
Line distance of 2 different marginal positions from focus to gap is L respectively1、L2…Ln, n is positive integer), X-ray is from focus to arc
(X-ray distance of 4 arc side different locations from focus to curved detector is R respectively to the distance R of 4 arc side of shape detector1、R2…
Rn, n is positive integer), 2 width of gap between two plate shaped tungsten plates is the S (different location between two plate shaped tungsten plates
Gap width is S respectively1、S2…Sn, n is positive integer), X-ray passes through gap 2 and projects the projection width in curved detector 4
It is that (X-ray passes through the throwing that gap 2 projects in curved detector and (refers on the effective visual field region of curved detector) to D
Shadow width is D respectively1、DS2…Dn, n is positive integer)；According to the following formula,
Ln/Rn=Sn/Dn (2)
Available, X-ray projects in curved detector across gap 2 and (refers to that view is effectively imaged in curved detector
On wild region) projection width indicate are as follows:
Dn=Sn*Rn/Ln (3)
Since X-ray includes multiple X-ray beams, each beam projects arc after passing through the first plane domain 201
The projection width of the X-ray (referred on the effective visual field region of curved detector) on shape detector is identical, specific to indicate
Are as follows:
S1*R1/L1=S2*R2/L2=...=Sn*Rn/Ln (4)
When being less than detector width by the x-ray projection width after limit beam, end is blocked by two plate shaped tungsten plates
The arc-shaped curved surface 101 in face may be implemented to pass through 201 (two arc songs of the first plane domain between two arc-shaped curved surfaces 101
Gap between face 101) and the x-ray projection that projects on detector and (refer on the effective visual field region of detector)
Drum portion is trimmed to flat line, projects X-ray in detector effective viewing field angular region so that passing through this and blocking component
It is projected as rectangle, to avoid visual field of the drum portion of x-ray projection beyond detector and make patient that can bear volume
External dose.
When being greater than detector width by the x-ray projection width after limit beam, it can not only pass through two plate shaped tungsten plates
The arc-shaped curved surface 101 for blocking end face realize and pass through 201 (two arcs of the first plane domain between two arc-shaped curved surfaces 101
Gap between shape curved surface 101) and the X-ray that projects on detector and (refer on the effective visual field region of detector) throw
The drum portion of shadow is trimmed to flat line, projects X in detector effective viewing field angular region so that passing through this and blocking component
Ray projection is rectangle；Two planes can also be passed through by the realization of plane 102 for blocking end face of two plate shaped tungsten plates
The second plane domain 202 (gap between two planes 102) between 102 simultaneously projects on detector and (refers to detector
On effective visual field region) the straight portion of x-ray projection be trimmed to cydariform, if the reference channel 5 at detector both ends
(as shown in Figure 6) does not receive X-ray and detector other parts can receive X-ray, illustrates by the throwing of the X-ray after limit beam
Shadow width agrees with the maximum effective width of detector, so that visual field of the extra x-ray projection beyond detector is avoided,
Cause patient that can bear extra dose (radiation).
It is provided by the utility model to block component and block end face by being arranged on plate shaped tungsten plate, and hidden at two
The gap for being formed between end face and there is the first plane domain and the second plane domain is kept off, can not only make to project detector effective
X-ray projection on visual field region is rectangle, can also realize that auxiliary detector is detected and controlled by the X-ray after limit beam
The Limit Width of projection can bear extra dose to avoid patient.Also, tungsten plate can utmostly be saved by originally blocking component
Making material, so that originally blocking component has the characteristics that structure is simple, occupy little space, is at low cost, is light-weight.
In addition, the utility model additionally provides a kind of preceding collimator for blocking component including above-mentioned X-ray.The preceding collimator
It can apply on any a existing CT.It can control two plate shaped tungsten plates by collimator before sheet to move towards, realize
The size in gap 1 is formed by between two plate shaped tungsten plates of adjustment, so that X-ray has different projection widths.For example,
Two plate shaped tungsten plates can be controlled by the motor and code-disc of preceding collimator to move towards, realize two plate shaped tungsten plates of adjustment
Between be formed by the size in gap 1.Wherein, collimator and the structure of component is blocked and principle is not just repeating one by one before this
?.
Component is blocked to X-ray provided by the utility model above and its preceding collimator is described in detail.It is right
For those of ordinary skill in the art, under the premise of without departing substantially from the utility model in essence spirit to its done any aobvious and
The change being clear to will all belong to the protection scope of the utility model patent power.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of X-ray blocks component, it is characterised in that including a pair of of tungsten plate, be formed between the tungsten plate and pass through for X-ray
Gap, the gap has the first plane domain of preset length enclosed by hyperbola, and first plane domain is used
Flat line is trimmed in the drum portion for the x-ray projection being projected on detector；The both ends of first plane domain have
There is the second plane domain enclosed by bilinear, the X-ray that second plane domain is used to be projected on detector is thrown
The straight portion of shadow is trimmed to cydariform, assists the detector to detect with realization and controls by the pole of the x-ray projection after limit beam
Limit for width degree.
2. X-ray as described in claim 1 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
The tungsten plate is plate shaped tungsten plate.
3. X-ray as claimed in claim 2 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
Have that a shape and size are identical blocks end face on each plate shaped tungsten plate.
4. X-ray as claimed in claim 3 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
The centre for blocking end face has the arc-shaped curved surface of the outwardly convex of preset length, and the both ends for blocking end face have
Straight plane.
5. X-ray as claimed in claim 4 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
The plate shaped tungsten plate is placed in parallel, and make the plate shaped tungsten plate it is described block end face and another described in
The described of plate shaped tungsten plate blocks end face alignment.
6. X-ray as claimed in claim 5 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
Form first plane domain between the arc-shaped curved surface of the plate shaped tungsten plate, the plate shaped tungsten plate it is described
The second plane domain is formed between plane.
7. X-ray as claimed in claim 4 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
The preset length of the arc-shaped curved surface indicates are as follows:
L '=2*tg (β/2) * Lmin
Wherein, LminIndicate the minimum range of slot edge of the X-ray from focus to two the plate shaped tungsten plate, β is indicated
The range of detector radian corresponding to the maximum field of view angle of computed tomography scanner.
8. X-ray as described in claim 1 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
It is of same size that the X-ray passes through the x-ray projection projected on the detector after first plane domain.
9. X-ray as claimed in claim 8 blocks component, it is characterised in that:
The x-ray projection width means are as follows:
Dn=Sn*Rn/Ln
Wherein, SnIndicate the gap width of a certain position between two plate shaped tungsten plates, RnIndicate X-ray from focus to arc
The distance of a certain position of detector arc side, LnIndicate the distance of X-ray a certain marginal position from focus to gap.
10. a kind of preceding collimator, it is characterised in that block component including X-ray described in any one of claim 1~9.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820737521.9U CN208851509U (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2018-05-17 | A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820737521.9U CN208851509U (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2018-05-17 | A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN208851509U true CN208851509U (en) | 2019-05-14 |
Family
ID=66411163
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820737521.9U Active CN208851509U (en) | 2018-05-17 | 2018-05-17 | A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN208851509U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108903963A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-30 | 北京纳米维景科技有限公司 | A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator |
| CN110123355A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-16 | 东软医疗系统股份有限公司 | Detection system |
| CN110742630A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-02-04 | 深圳蓝韵医学影像有限公司 | Method and device for collecting X-ray image |
-
2018
- 2018-05-17 CN CN201820737521.9U patent/CN208851509U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108903963A (en) * | 2018-05-17 | 2018-11-30 | 北京纳米维景科技有限公司 | A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator |
| CN110123355A (en) * | 2019-05-30 | 2019-08-16 | 东软医疗系统股份有限公司 | Detection system |
| CN110742630A (en) * | 2019-09-17 | 2020-02-04 | 深圳蓝韵医学影像有限公司 | Method and device for collecting X-ray image |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN208851509U (en) | A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator | |
| KR101830836B1 (en) | X-ray imaging apparatus | |
| DE102008050571A1 (en) | Tomosynthesis apparatus and method for operating a tomosynthesis apparatus | |
| US9395313B2 (en) | Advanced collimator aperture curve | |
| US7734011B2 (en) | Two-dimensional small angle x-ray scattering camera | |
| KR20170093500A (en) | X-ray collimator and x-ray imaging apparatus using the same | |
| CA2041664A1 (en) | Transmission/emission registered image (teri) computed tomography scanners | |
| CN108903963A (en) | A kind of X-ray blocks component and its preceding collimator | |
| EP1007989A1 (en) | Apparatus for making tomographic images | |
| CN107661113A (en) | For the method and apparatus for the spatial intensity distribution for setting X beams | |
| CN105982686A (en) | Computed tomography apparatus and method of taking sectional image therethrough | |
| JPH0763512B2 (en) | Radiation field limiting device | |
| WO2021030192A1 (en) | Narrow beam ct using a 3d fluence modulation and scatter shield system | |
| van der Geld et al. | Evaluating mobility for radiotherapy planning of lung tumors: a comparison of virtual fluoroscopy and 4DCT | |
| Altunbas et al. | Effect of grid geometry on the transmission properties of 2D grids for flat detectors in CBCT | |
| US20160310087A1 (en) | Scanning x-ray imaging device with variable shield plates and method for operating same | |
| CN101987020A (en) | Tilt image scanning method, reconstruction method and device | |
| US9808209B2 (en) | Collimator for use in a CT system | |
| US6625253B1 (en) | High ratio, high efficiency mammography grid system | |
| US4403338A (en) | Process and apparatus for scatter reduction in radiography | |
| JP6656391B2 (en) | Radiation phase contrast imaging device | |
| CN218075022U (en) | Anti-scatter grid and imaging system | |
| US11298089B2 (en) | X-ray examination arrangement and method for operating an x-ray examination arrangement | |
| KR101689082B1 (en) | X-ray Collimator Systems and Methods using Keystone Correction. | |
| DE102006013024A1 (en) | System and method for motion and angulation profile consideration in tomosynthesis |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |