CN208619269U - Wind power generation plant and wind generator system - Google Patents

Wind power generation plant and wind generator system Download PDF

Info

Publication number
CN208619269U
CN208619269U CN201821379450.6U CN201821379450U CN208619269U CN 208619269 U CN208619269 U CN 208619269U CN 201821379450 U CN201821379450 U CN 201821379450U CN 208619269 U CN208619269 U CN 208619269U
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
wind
power generation
generation plant
axis
wind wheel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
CN201821379450.6U
Other languages
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
璧垫た
赵椿
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to CN201821379450.6U priority Critical patent/CN208619269U/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of CN208619269U publication Critical patent/CN208619269U/en
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Landscapes

  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of wind power generation plant and wind generator system, is related to wind generator system technical field, low for the wind power utilization rate that solves wind power generation plant, the lower problem of wind energy transformation rate.The wind power generation plant includes: horn mouth, wind wheel, transmission mechanism and generator, the horn mouth is set to the wind wheel side, the bell-mouthed small opening half region of the side towards the wind wheel, the bell-mouthed big opening faces wind direction, the wind wheel is made of axis and several blades being fixed on the axis of the wind wheel, the bell-mouthed small opening is rectangular opening, the long axis of the wind wheel is parallel with the long side of the bell-mouthed small opening, and the axis of the wind wheel is connect by transmission mechanism with the generator.The horn mouth that the wind power generation plant is applied in the wind power generation plant plays guiding role to natural wind, and wind-force vertically pushes blade to rotate, and substantially increases wind energy utilization, wind-force conversion ratio.

Description

Wind power generation plant and wind generator system
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of wind power generation, more particularly, to a kind of wind power generation plant and wind-power electricity generation system System.
Background technique
With continuous mature and cost of electricity-generating the continuous reduction of wind generating technology, wind-power electricity generation has become the mankind and disappears One of important sources in consuming electric power.Wind-power electricity generation, which relies primarily on wind power generation plant and works under wind action, to be produced electricl energy.
Currently, wind power generation plant generally includes blower and generator, the blade rotation of blower is to drive generator to send out Electricity.Existing wind generating technology usually pushes blade to rotate to a direction beveling power of blade using natural wind, then will The axis of rotation drives generator shaft high speed rotation to generate electricity after speed change.Wind-force acts on the beveling power of blade, only quite In 4% or so of original wind-force, about 96% wind-force is all wasted.In addition, the blade diameter of existing wind-power electricity generation is very big, It is easy to damage under the effects of distinguished and admirable generation asthma stream, Gulfstream, adverse current, normal service life only has several years, maintenance cost after damaging With valuableness.One wind power plant usually exists to be filled compared with damage wind-power electricity generation that the blade of multi fan does not turn or that revolving speed is slow It sets.
To sum up, wind power generation plant in the prior art is there are wind-force transformation efficiency is lower, and wind energy utilization is lower, failure Rate is high, and maintenance cost is high, the not high defect of commercial exploitation in the case where shortage government subsidy.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of wind power generation plants, to solve wind-force hair existing in the prior art The wind-force transformation efficiency of electric installation is lower, the lower technical problem of wind energy utilization.
Wind power generation plant provided by the utility model, comprising: horn mouth, wind wheel, transmission mechanism and generator, the loudspeaker Mouth is set to the wind wheel side, and the bell-mouthed small opening wherein half region of the side towards the wind wheel is described Bell-mouthed big opening faces wind direction, and the wind wheel is made of axis and several blades being fixed on the axis of the wind wheel, described Bell-mouthed small opening is rectangular opening, and the long axis of the wind wheel is parallel with the long side of the bell-mouthed small opening, the wind wheel Axis connect with the generator by transmission mechanism.
In the above-mentioned technical solutions, further, each blade on the wind wheel is string configuration, the leaf The long side of piece is connected with the axis of the wind wheel.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, the transmission mechanism includes transmission gear and tooth belt, described Be separately installed with the transmission gear on axis and the generator, the tooth belt respectively with the driving cog that is arranged on the axis The transmission gear engagement being arranged on wheel and the generator.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, the both ends of the axis of the wind wheel are fixed by fixing bearing respectively In on bracket or building element.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, the horn mouth and the bracket or the building element connect It connects.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, when the axis of the wind wheel is horizontally disposed, the bell-mouthed outlet air The lower edge of mouth and the axle position of the wind wheel are in same horizontal line.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, the horn mouth includes two wind deflectors for being mutually inclined setting, The biggish side of distance forms air inlet, the lesser side shape of distance between two wind deflectors between two wind deflectors At air outlet, the side of two wind deflectors is connected with side baffle.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, the partial region of the side of two wind deflectors is set with described It is equipped with the side baffle, and the side baffle is located at the side of the bell-mouthed air outlet.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, the angular range between the wind deflector is 90 ° -120 °.
Compared with the existing technology, wind power generation plant described in the utility model has the advantage that
(1) in wind power generation plant provided by the utility model, wind, with after guiding, is vertically made via bell-mouthed compression For top half blade, so that wind wheel rotates clockwise, wind power utilization rate obtains significant increase than past about 4%;
(2) wind-force first passes through orientation compression, avoids asthma stream, Gulfstream, bearing blade radius very little, it is not easy to damage It is bad, failure rate is greatly reduced, maintenance cost is greatly reduced, substantially increases commercial exploitation, makes wind-power electricity generation not Huge commercial profit can be also obtained in the case where needing government policy to subsidize.
Detailed description of the invention
It, below will be right in order to illustrate more clearly of specific embodiment of the present invention or technical solution in the prior art Specific embodiment or attached drawing needed to be used in the description of the prior art are briefly described, it should be apparent that, it is described below In attached drawing be that some embodiments of the utility model are not paying creativeness for those of ordinary skill in the art Under the premise of labour, it is also possible to obtain other drawings based on these drawings.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram one of wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram two of wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram three of wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of wind wheel in wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 5 is bell-mouthed structural schematic diagram in wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model;
Fig. 6 is the connection schematic diagram in wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model between wind wheel and bracket One;
Connection schematic diagram of the Fig. 7 between wind power generation plant kind wind wheel provided by the embodiment of the utility model and bracket Two.
In figure:
1- horn mouth;11- wind deflector;12- side baffle;
13- air inlet;14- air outlet;2- wind wheel;
21- axis;22- blade;3- transmission mechanism;
4- generator;5- mounting plate;6- bracket;
7- fixing bearing.
Specific embodiment
The technical solution of the utility model is clearly and completely described below in conjunction with attached drawing, it is clear that described Embodiment is the utility model a part of the embodiment, instead of all the embodiments.Based on the embodiments of the present invention, originally Field those of ordinary skill every other embodiment obtained without making creative work belongs to practical Novel protected range.
It is in the description of the present invention, it should be noted that term " center ", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", " perpendicular Directly ", the orientation or positional relationship of the instructions such as "horizontal", "inner", "outside" is to be based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is only For ease of description the utility model and simplify description, rather than the device or element of indication or suggestion meaning must have it is specific Orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, therefore should not be understood as limiting the present invention.In addition, term " the One ", " second ", " third " are used for descriptive purposes only and cannot be understood as indicating or suggesting relative importance.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that unless otherwise clearly defined and limited, term " is pacified Dress ", " connected ", " connection " shall be understood in a broad sense, for example, it may be being fixedly connected, may be a detachable connection, or integrally Connection;It can be mechanical connection, be also possible to be electrically connected;Can be directly connected, can also indirectly connected through an intermediary, It can be the connection inside two elements.For the ordinary skill in the art, above-mentioned art can be understood with concrete condition The concrete meaning of language in the present invention.
As shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 7, wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model, comprising: horn mouth 1, wind wheel 2, Transmission mechanism 3 and generator 4, horn mouth 1 are set to 2 side of wind wheel, the small opening side of horn mouth 1 towards wind wheel 2 wherein Half region, the big opening side of horn mouth 1 face away from the direction of wind wheel 2, and specially towards wind direction, wind wheel 2 is by 21 He of axis Several blades 22 being fixed on axis 21, the small opening of horn mouth 1 are rectangular opening, and the long axis of wind wheel 2 is small with horn mouth 1 One of long side of opening is parallel, and wind wheel 2 is connect by transmission mechanism 3 with generator 4.
Compared with the existing technology, wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model has the advantage that
Wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model includes horn mouth 1, the small opening side direction of horn mouth 1 The wherein half region of wind wheel 2, the big opening side of horn mouth 1 face away from the direction of wind wheel 2.The utility model embodiment mentions Wind-force is collected by the big opening of horn mouth 1, orientation, is compressed by the wind power generation plant of confession, then from the small opening of horn mouth 1 Side is directed at a half vane 22 blowout of wind wheel 2, vertical that blade 22 is pushed to roll around central axis, and passes through 3 band of transmission mechanism The axis of dynamic bill machine is rotated and is generated electricity.Specifically, the big opening of horn mouth 1 is air inlet 13, and the small opening of horn mouth 1 is outlet air Mouth 14.
In wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model, wind hangs down after the compression and guiding via horn mouth 1 Partial blade 22 directly is acted on, so that entire wind wheel 2 rotates, on the one hand, wind-force acts perpendicularly to blade 22, another party Partial blade 22 has been blocked in face, the setting of horn mouth 1, so that it is driving force that wind-force, which acts on blade 22, may be not present Resistance, so that wind power utilization rate significant increase.
Wind power generation plant provided by the embodiment of the utility model in application process, by the big opening direction of horn mouth 1 In face of wind direction, so that wind is directly blowed into horn mouth 1.In some areas, in some season, wind direction will not change substantially, It is therefore not necessary to which the direction for changing horn mouth 1 may make the collection wind effect of horn mouth 1 good;In some areas, in seasonal law Afterwards, wind direction changes, at this point it is possible to by the installation position for changing wind power generation plant, or only change wind-power electricity generation dress The various ways such as the direction of middle horn mouth 1 are set to solve, so that the big opening direction of horn mouth 1 faces wind direction always.
In a kind of specific embodiment of the present embodiment, the blade 22 on wind wheel 2 is string configuration, the length of blade 22 Side is connected with axis 21.That is, blade 22 is rectangular plate-like structure.So set, the windward side of blade 22 is larger.
In the specific implementation process, the axis 21 of wind wheel 2 can be vertically arranged, and can also be horizontally disposed with.
When the axis 21 of wind wheel 2 is horizontally disposed with, the bottom margin and axis 21 of the air outlet 14 of horn mouth 1 are located at same level Line.
For example, on direction shown in Fig. 3, horn mouth 1 is set to the left side of wind wheel 2, and the big opening of horn mouth 1 is located at The left area of horn mouth 1, the small opening of horn mouth 1 are located at the right area of horn mouth 1, the lower edge of the small opening of horn mouth 1 It is located at same level with the axis 21 of wind wheel 2.So set, wind enters via the big opening of horn mouth 1, in leading for horn mouth 1 To and compression after, the top half blade 22 of wind wheel 2 is blowed to via the small opening of horn mouth 1, to push the axis of wind wheel 2 Blade 22 on 21 in top half rotates clockwise, and being located below in horn mouth 1 of lower partial blade 22 on wind wheel 2 Wind deflector 11 blocking under not by Wind power propelling, so that resistance will not be formed to rotating clockwise for wind wheel 2.
Certainly, blade 22 can also be other plate structures, such as trapezoidal plate structure.
In a kind of preferred embodiment of the present embodiment, transmission mechanism 3 includes transmission gear and tooth belt, 21 He of axis Be separately installed with transmission gear on generator 4, tooth belt respectively with set on the transmission gear and generator 4 that are arranged on axis 21 The transmission gear engagement set.
When it is implemented, the driving cog being arranged on the axis 21 of the transmission gear being arranged on the output shaft of generator 4 and wind wheel 2 The size of wheel can it is identical can be different.For ease of description, the transmission gear of the output axis connection with engine is known as the first transmission Transmission gear on axis 21 with wind wheel 2 is known as the second transmission gear by gear, can be by changing the first transmission gear and second The size of transmission gear changes transmission ratio.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, it is fixed that the both ends of the axis 21 of wind wheel 2 pass through fixing bearing 7 respectively In on bracket 6 or building element.
That is, the axis 21 of wind wheel 2 can be supported on ground by bracket 6, or building is set to by bracket 6 On object, or it is directly installed on the component on the outside of building.
For example, 4 device of wind turbine power generation machine further includes bracket 6, and the both ends of the axis 21 of wind wheel 2 pass through fixing bearing respectively 7 connect with the top of bracket 6, and the bottom of bracket 6 is connected with support base, and bracket 6 is supported in ground by support base.Further The partial region of support base can be embedded to underground, so that support is more firm by ground.
Alternatively, the other end of bracket 6 can be installed on side wall or the top of building, so that wind power generation plant be pacified Loaded on building.
Similarly, the fixed form of horn mouth 1 is similar with the fixed form of wind wheel 2, can be with bracket 6 or building element Connection, to be fixed by bracket 6 or building element.
Horn mouth 1 and wind wheel 2 can be fixed individually, can also be fixed on a bracket 6.As shown in Figure 1, horn mouth 1 It close to one end of wind wheel 2, is fixed on bracket 6 by connector, it is solid that the both ends of the axis 21 of wind wheel 2 pass through fixing bearing 7 respectively Due on the bracket 6.That is, horn mouth 1 and wind wheel 2 are all fixed by the bracket 6.
Further, generator 4 is fixed on mounting plate 5, and mounting plate 5 is fixed on bracket 6, as shown in Figure 1, mounting plate 5 are connected on bracket 6, and are located at the lower zone of wind wheel 2.
As shown in Figure 1, horn mouth 1 includes being mutually inclined the two of setting in a kind of specific embodiment of the present embodiment A wind deflector 11, the biggish side of distance forms air inlet 13 (i.e. big opening) between two wind deflectors 11, two wind deflectors 11 Between the lesser side of distance form air outlet 14 (i.e. small opening), the side of two wind deflectors 11 is connected with side baffle 12.? That is the big opening side of horn mouth 1 is air inlet 13, small opening side is air outlet 14.Due to being provided with side baffle 12, So that after wind enters via the big opening part of horn mouth 1, the area compresses effect that side baffle 12 and wind deflector 11 fence up more It is good, so that wind-force is bigger.
In any of the above-described technical solution, further, the partial region of the side of two wind deflectors 11 and it is provided with side Baffle 12, and side baffle 12 is located at the side of the air outlet 14 of horn mouth 1.As shown in Figure 1, side baffle 12 is triangle, one end Positioned at the small opening side of horn mouth 1, the other end is located at the central region of the side of wind deflector 11.For the ease of seeing horn mouth clearly 1 small opening, and convenient for seeing impeller from small opening, therefore one of side baffle 12 is only shown in Fig. 1, another Side baffle 12 is not shown.
In a kind of specific embodiment of the present embodiment, blade 22 is 50 centimetres long, 5 centimetres wide, two wind deflectors 11 it Between angular range be 90 ° -120 °, a length of 70 centimetres of the side of wind deflector 11,14 wide 5 centimetres of the air outlet of horn mouth 1.
It is worth noting that wind power generation plant can be connect by above-mentioned wind power generation plant with energy storage device, by electric energy It is stored in energy storage device, to use wind power generation plant to charge as energy storage device, electric energy is first stored in energy storage device, it will Energy storage device is as backup power source with to be used.
Embodiment two
The utility model embodiment two provides a kind of wind generator system, to solve wind-power electricity generation existing in the prior art The wind-force transformation efficiency of device is lower, the lower technical problem of wind energy utilization.
In order to achieve the above objectives, the technical solution of the utility model embodiment is achieved in that
A kind of wind generator system, the wind power generation plant provided including above-described embodiment one.
In a kind of optional embodiment, wind generator system further includes energy storage device, and wind power generation plant and energy storage fill Connection is set, the power storage that the generator in wind power generation plant generates is into energy storage device.
Alternatively, wind generator system may also include electric power distribution facility, the electrical energy transportation that wind power generation plant generates is arrived In different zones or distinct device.
It include the wind power generation plant that above-described embodiment one provides in the wind generator system provided due to the present embodiment two, Therefore possessed advantage is identical compared with the existing technology with above-mentioned wind power generation plant for wind generator system, no longer superfluous herein It states.
Finally, it should be noted that the above various embodiments is only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model, rather than it is limited System;Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the aforementioned embodiments, those skilled in the art should Understand: it is still possible to modify the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or to some or all of Technical characteristic is equivalently replaced;And these are modified or replaceed, it does not separate the essence of the corresponding technical solution, and this is practical new The range of each embodiment technical solution of type.

Claims (10)

1. a kind of wind power generation plant characterized by comprising horn mouth, wind wheel, transmission mechanism and generator, the loudspeaker Mouth is set to the wind wheel side, the bell-mouthed small opening half region of the side towards the wind wheel, the horn mouth Big opening face wind direction, the wind wheel is made of axis and several blades for being fixed on the axis of the wind wheel, the horn mouth Small opening be rectangular opening, the long axis of the wind wheel is parallel with the long side of the bell-mouthed small opening, and the axis of the wind wheel leads to Transmission mechanism is crossed to connect with the generator.
2. wind power generation plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that each blade on the wind wheel is length Strip structure, the long side of the blade are connected with the axis of the wind wheel.
3. wind power generation plant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the transmission mechanism includes transmission gear and tooth Belt is taken turns, is separately installed with the transmission gear on the axis and the generator, the tooth belt is respectively and on the axis The transmission gear engagement being arranged on the transmission gear of setting and the generator.
4. wind power generation plant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the both ends of the axis of the wind wheel pass through solid respectively Dead axle, which is held, to be fixed on bracket or building element.
5. wind power generation plant according to claim 4, which is characterized in that the horn mouth and the bracket are described Building element connection.
6. wind power generation plant according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described when the axis of the wind wheel is horizontally disposed The axle position of the lower edge of bell-mouthed air outlet and the wind wheel is in same horizontal line.
7. wind power generation plant according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the horn mouth includes being mutually inclined setting Two wind deflectors, the biggish side of distance forms air inlet, distance between two wind deflectors between two wind deflectors Lesser side forms air outlet, and the side of two wind deflectors is connected with side baffle.
8. wind power generation plant according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the part area of the side of two wind deflectors Domain is provided with the side baffle with described, and the side baffle is located at the side of the bell-mouthed air outlet.
9. wind power generation plant according to claim 7, which is characterized in that the angular range between two wind deflectors It is 90 ° -120 °.
10. a kind of wind generator system, which is characterized in that including such as described in any item wind power generation plants of claim 1-9.
CN201821379450.6U 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Wind power generation plant and wind generator system Expired - Fee Related CN208619269U (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201821379450.6U CN208619269U (en) 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Wind power generation plant and wind generator system

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201821379450.6U CN208619269U (en) 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Wind power generation plant and wind generator system

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN208619269U true CN208619269U (en) 2019-03-19

Family

ID=65716267

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN201821379450.6U Expired - Fee Related CN208619269U (en) 2018-08-24 2018-08-24 Wind power generation plant and wind generator system

Country Status (1)

Country Link
CN (1) CN208619269U (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108953068A (en) * 2018-08-24 2018-12-07 赵椿 Wind power generation plant and wind generator system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108953068A (en) * 2018-08-24 2018-12-07 赵椿 Wind power generation plant and wind generator system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7008171B1 (en) Modified Savonius rotor
US7540705B2 (en) Horizontal multi-blade wind turbine
CN104595121B (en) Wind-driven generator
CN206681906U (en) A kind of variable S of angle windward type blade vertical axis windmills
CN100389260C (en) Seld-folding blade vertical-shaft windmill
CN105840420A (en) Novel lift-drag mixed type vertical axis wind turbine
WO2020073431A1 (en) Wide-wind area breeze-based power generation system
CN101520024A (en) Wind cylinder type wind power generating device
CN208619269U (en) Wind power generation plant and wind generator system
CN202065127U (en) Wind collection double-impact type wind wheel vertical axis wind-driven generator
KR20120139154A (en) Vertical axis type wind power generator fused lift and drag
CN108953068A (en) Wind power generation plant and wind generator system
CN201827023U (en) Blind type vertical shaft wind driven generator
CN205823540U (en) A kind of wind-driven generator wind-drive device
CN204253275U (en) Horizontal axis dual-rotor wind power generating device
CN110645141B (en) Wind-powered electricity generation blade trailing edge structure of making an uproar that falls
CN103352803B (en) A kind of wind-driven generator
CA2535088C (en) Horizontal multi-blade wind turbine
CN201963471U (en) Blade of magnetic levitation savonius rotor wind driven generator
CN202417836U (en) Vertical type energy collecting wind driven generator
CN207831195U (en) A kind of dykes and dams energy-conserving road lamp along the river
CN204961167U (en) Honourable power generation system of vertical axis scene generator
CN2881139Y (en) Self open close folding blade vertical shaft wind mill
CN110005572A (en) A kind of novel vertical wind-driven generator
CN216044166U (en) Wind energy supercharging horizontal generator

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
GR01 Patent grant
GR01 Patent grant
CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee

Granted publication date: 20190319

CF01 Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee