CN208444867U - Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet - Google Patents
Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet Download PDFInfo
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- CN208444867U CN208444867U CN201821092595.8U CN201821092595U CN208444867U CN 208444867 U CN208444867 U CN 208444867U CN 201821092595 U CN201821092595 U CN 201821092595U CN 208444867 U CN208444867 U CN 208444867U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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Abstract
A kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet, comprising: heat production domain, heat dissipation domain and partition, wherein heat production domain is battery portion；Heat dissipation domain is fin section, and heat dissipation domain is coated with the shell that front and back is open；Partition is divided into heat production domain and heat dissipation domain between battery portion and fin section, by layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet.The layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet of the disclosure has carried out stratified energy mechanism to battery pack, battery portion is isolated with heat sinking function part subregion, the insulation much considered for security protection, seal member can be saved, simultaneously, refrigerant will not cause the physics such as mechanical damage, chemical attack, electrochemical corrosion, chemical attack to battery, the protective of battery is improved, and improves whole safety, and the service life of battery pack can be extended.
Description
Technical field
The disclosure belongs to New-energy electric vehicle electric power storage art, and in particular to a kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile
Packet.
Background technique
For the hot environment for adapting to summer, the battery pack of electric car needs to carry out heat dissipation design, to keep lithium-ion electric
Pond works in suitable environment.In terms of heat dissipation, there are mainly four types of currently used radiating modes: natural heat dissipation forces wind
Cold, liquid cooling and refrigerant are directly cooling (referred to as direct-cooled).
Natural heat dissipation be using the air of battery ambient and contacted solid structure part as heat transport medium, correspondingly,
Radiating mode is the Natural Heat Convection of air and the heat transfer of solid structure part.Finally transfer heat in atmospheric environment.
Air blast cooling is that cold air is introduced into battery pack using blower, and cold air can be atmospheric ambient air or automobile
Air-conditioning cold wind.Cold wind skims over battery or mould group surface with certain flow rate, transfers heat in atmospheric ambient air.
Liquid cooling mode is that battery is directly or indirectly contacted with liquid coolant, and liquid coolant takes away heat produced by battery work
Amount, heat exchanger is arranged in circulation loop, transfers heat in atmospheric environment, or is first transferred to air conditioning for automobiles indirectly
Evaporator, then by air conditioning for automobiles by heat loss into atmospheric environment.
Direct-cooled mode is that air-conditioning coolant circulation branch road is designed for battery pack, is taken away using the evaporative phase-change of air-conditioning coolant
Heat, heat are lost in atmospheric environment again by the condenser of air-conditioning.
The shortcomings that these four radiating modes, is as follows:
Natural heat dissipation, lightweight, compactedness, leakproofness are that current battery is contracted for fixed output quotas three significant design indexs of product, and this
Three aspects generate serious weakening effect to natural heat dissipation.Compactedness makes the air of battery ambient limited, and air
Fluid ability is weakened, and leakproofness flow directly into battery ambient heated air can not in atmospheric ambient air, lightweight
So that the solid members of battery contact are more likely to select thermally conductive poor plastic part.Therefore natural heat dissipation efficiency is lower.
Air blast cooling, cold wind circulation battery between or battery modules between gap in, flow resistance is larger, practical cloth
In setting, it is difficult to realize that each battery heat dissipating state is consistent, percentage of batteries can flow " dead zone " position, battery heat dissipation in cold wind
Uniformity it is poor, the consistency that will lead to battery charging and discharging is poor.
Liquid cooling, when selecting liquid working substance, need to heat-transfer capability, insulating properties, use temperature range, stickiness in addition its
The characteristic of the physics such as combustibility, toxicity, chemistry etc. carries out integrated survey in all directions.It is limited by space and quality, liquid cooling
The problems such as system in the design, can be related to the design cooperation of small size part, connection, fix, and small flow channels flow resistance is big, and
It is more demanding to the leakproofness of liquid cooling system, mechanical strength etc..Therefore, liquid cooling system there are flow resistances big, Ge Gedan
The disadvantages of temperature difference is larger between body battery, working medium is revealed, electric wiring is short-circuit.
It is direct-cooled, due to undergoing phase transition heat transfer, radiating efficiency highest.But at present due to the disadvantages of at high cost, technology is immature,
It is not used widely in battery pack product design at present.
The common disadvantage of the above prior art are as follows: the safeguard procedures of power battery are lacking.Cooling media (air or
Liquid) directly or indirectly flowing through battery ambient, (cold wind can the heat dissipation of blow-through battery, liquid cooling and system in natural heat dissipation and air blast cooling
Cold middle coolant liquid trickling is in the cooling pipe for being close to battery), battery combination cooling media, cooling accessory are in a region
Interior, cooling media easily causes mechanical damage, chemical attack, electrochemical corrosion etc. to injure on battery, easily causes power battery
And entire battery pack performance decline, the lost of life, or even short circuit risk can be further resulted in, safety is not high.The prior art exists
It is insufficient that heat dissipation and security protection these two aspects plan as a whole property, is laid particular stress on to heat dissipation technology, and the considerations of in terms of security protection and
Measure is obviously insufficient.
Utility model content
Present disclose provides a kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packets, are asked with the technology at least partly solving set forth above
Topic.
Present disclose provides a kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packets, comprising: heat production domain is battery portion；Heat dissipation domain,
It is fin section；And partition, between battery portion and fin section, by layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet
It is divided into heat production domain and heat dissipation domain；Wherein, it is connected with heat transfer piece between heat production domain and heat dissipation domain, passes through the hole on partition,
The heat transmitting connection that heat production domain is set up between domain of radiating.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, heat dissipation domain cladding has the shell of front and back opening, and the disengaging as refrigerant is logical
Road.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when refrigerant is air, fan and equal discharge orifice is arranged in circulation passage import and export
Plate or equal conductance leaf.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, when refrigerant is distilled water, deionized water, alcohol or refrigerant, circulation is logical
Road import and export setting driving liquid pump and uniform flow orifice or equal conductance leaf.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet is arranged by several single batteries and is formed,
Single battery includes: battery, be used as heat source, at work can some electric energy be converted into heat, so that battery is heated up；Heat dissipation
Piece radiates to refrigerant；And heat transfer piece, lower section are contacted with heat source battery, upper section is in contact with cooling fin；Wherein, hot
Amount is transferred on heat transfer piece by battery, then is transferred on cooling fin, and is finally lost in the refrigerant environment where cooling fin.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, filled out between the heating surface and heat transfer piece of battery, between heat transfer piece and cooling fin
Filled with glue class, lipid, graphite-like, liquid metal or flexible thermally conductive plate material.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, heat transfer piece is thermal conductive metal plate, heat pipe, flat-plate heat pipe or microflute group's compound phase
Become heat transfer unit (HTU).
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, cooling fin is conduit shape cooling fin, tooth-shaped cooling plate or needle rib cooling fin.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, cooling fin is metal material.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, heat production domain and heat dissipation domain can be divided into multiple portions.
It can be seen from the above technical proposal that the layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet of the disclosure at least has below beneficial to effect
One of fruit:
(1) stratified energy mechanism has been carried out to battery pack, battery portion is isolated with heat sinking function part subregion, can be saved very
The insulation in security protection consideration, seal member are had more, meanwhile, refrigerant will not cause mechanical damage, chemical attack, electricity to battery
The physics such as chemical attack, chemical attack improve the protective of battery, and improve whole safety, and can extend battery
The service life of packet；
(2) due to having carried out stratified energy mechanism, heat producing components (battery) and thermal component (cooling fin) point to battery pack
Region arrangement can save the insulating element much considered for security protection, and the compactedness of battery portion improves, and may make electricity
The energy density of the more electricity of carrying in the packet unit volume of pond, battery pack entirety improves；
(3) due to having carried out stratified energy mechanism, heat producing components (battery) and thermal component (cooling fin) point to battery pack
Region arrangement, does not have additional insulating element or external series gap in heat production domain (battery portion) between battery and battery, this
Sample just can make battery, heat transfer piece successively be close to arrange, between the battery of different temperatures can also temperature gradient effect under into
Row is thermally conductive, to improve the temperature consistency of battery pack entirety, uniformity；
(4) for battery pack in practical set, refrigerant circulating direction is consistent with vehicle heading, when battery pack heat production power
Less, when cooling requirements are not high, heat dissipation refrigerant can be air (processing such as being filtered, purify, dry in circulation passage entrance),
It forms natural wind with the relative velocity of atmospheric environment using when running car and radiates, can reach and save energy, extend continuation of the journey
Effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet in the embodiment of the present disclosure.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of single battery in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 a is conduit shape cooling fin schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 b is tooth-shaped cooling plate schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 c is needle rib cooling fin schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is battery pack hierarchical diagram in Fig. 1.
Fig. 5 is heat production domain and heat dissipation domain " one-to-many " relationship.
Fig. 6 is heat production domain and heat dissipation domain " many-one " relationship.
Fig. 7 heat production domain and heat dissipation domain " multi-to-multi " relationship.
[embodiment of the present disclosure main element symbol description in attached drawing]
1- heat production domain；2- heat dissipation domain；
3- partition；4- battery；
5- cooling fin；6- heat transfer sheet.
Specific embodiment
Present disclose provides a kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packets, comprising: heat production domain, heat dissipation domain and partition, wherein
Heat production domain is battery portion；Heat dissipation domain is fin section, and heat dissipation domain is coated with the shell that front and back is open；Partition is located at battery unit
Divide between fin section, layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet is divided into heat production domain and heat dissipation domain.The layer-stepping of the disclosure
Batteries of electric automobile packet has carried out stratified energy mechanism to battery pack, and battery portion is isolated with heat sinking function part subregion, can be saved
The insulation much considered for security protection, seal member are gone, meanwhile, refrigerant will not cause mechanical damage, chemistry rotten to battery
The physics such as erosion, electrochemical corrosion, chemical attack improve the protective of battery, and improve whole safety, and can extend
The service life of battery pack.
For the purposes, technical schemes and advantages of the disclosure are more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and reference
The disclosure is further described in attached drawing.
Disclosure some embodiments will be done referring to appended attached drawing in rear and more comprehensively describe to property, some of but not complete
The embodiment in portion will be shown.In fact, the various embodiments of the disclosure can be realized in many different forms, and should not be construed
To be limited to this several illustrated embodiment；Relatively, these embodiments are provided so that the disclosure meets applicable legal requirement.
In an exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, a kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet is provided.
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of one embodiment layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet of the disclosure.As shown in Figure 1, the disclosure
Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet includes: heat production domain 1, is battery portion；Heat dissipation domain 2, is fin section, before being coated with
The shell of after-opening；And partition 3, between the battery portion and fin section, by layer-stepping electric car electricity
Chi Bao is divided into heat production domain 1 and heat dissipation domain 2；Wherein, be connected with heat transfer piece between the battery and the cooling fin, pass through every
Hole on plate, it is established that the heat transmitting between heat production domain and heat dissipation domain contacts.
Each component part of the present embodiment layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet is described in detail individually below.
As shown in Figure 1, there is the shell of front and back inlet and outlet to press so as to form refrigerant circulation passage heat dissipation domain 2 cladding
Direction or opposite direction shown in arrow, one way circulation, refrigerant can be air refrigerant or liquid coolant (including distilled water, deionization
Water, alcohol, refrigerant etc. meet the liquid working substance of the design requirements such as anti-corrosion, safety).After heat reaches cooling fin, by scattered
The temperature difference of backing and refrigerant, the two carries out heat convection, among heat loss to refrigerant.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of single battery in Fig. 1.As shown in Fig. 2, single battery include: rectangular cell 4, cooling fin 5 with
And heat transfer piece 6.Wherein, battery 4 be used as heat source, at work can some electric energy be converted into heat, so that battery is heated up；Heat dissipation
Piece 5 is metal material, for refrigerant thermal component, concrete form can dissipate for conduit shape cooling fin (as shown in Figure 3a), tooth form
Backing (as shown in Figure 3b), needle rib cooling fin (as shown in Figure 3c) or it is other have expanded surface area with improve heat spreading function dissipate
Backing；Heat is transferred to cooling fin by battery, and is lost to heat finally in refrigerant by heat transfer piece 6, realizes that strange land takes heat,
This is the battery cooling mechanism of heat dissipation.
Heat transfer piece 6 is thermal conductive metal plate, heat pipe, flat-plate heat pipe, micro slot group composite phase change heat transfer unit (HTU) or other achievable
The component of efficient heat transfer.As shown in Fig. 2, heat transfer piece lower section (being defined as taking hot arc) is contacted with heat source battery, heat is passed by battery
It is defeated on heat transfer piece；Heat transfer piece upper section (being defined as radiating segment) is in contact with cooling fin, and heat is transferred to cooling fin by heat transfer piece
On, and finally will be in the refrigerant environment where heat loss to cooling fin.
Between battery-heating face and heat transfer piece, glue class, lipid, graphite-like, liquid are filled between heat transfer piece and cooling fin
Metal or flexible thermally conductive plate material.Graphite is sheet or powdery, and liquid metal is not constituting damage feelings to battery and related accessories
Under condition, being heated to certain temperature becomes liquid, is packed into after contact surface and restores to room temperature to become solid-state, the Heat Conduction Material of filling again
It can eliminate or reduce thermal contact resistance.
Fig. 4 is battery pack hierarchical diagram in Fig. 1.List is formed by battery 4 shown in Fig. 2, heat transfer piece 6, cooling fin 5
Meta structure carries out 2 rows 5 and arranges arrangement, just constitutes the battery pack of large capacity.As shown in figure 4, an aperture partition separates battery pack
For battery portion (heat production domain) and fin section (heat dissipation domain).Heat transfer piece passes through the hole on partition, and (hole surplus is carried out close
Envelope processing), it is established that the heat transmitting between heat production domain and heat dissipation domain contacts.Then battery is integrally placed at a cavity, cavity with
Encapsulation process is carried out in partition junction, in this way, battery is generally in one independently of external environment, the area not being in contact with refrigerant
In domain.The layered structure up and down that entire battery pack generally shows heat production domain and domain of radiating is isolated.
In practical set, refrigerant circulating direction is consistent with vehicle heading.When battery pack heat production power is little, heat dissipation
When of less demanding, heat dissipation refrigerant can be air (processing such as being filtered, purify, dry in circulation passage entrance), utilize automobile
Natural wind is formed with the relative velocity of atmospheric environment when driving to radiate；If natural wind cannot be met the requirements, refrigerant is flowing
Refrigerant driving equipment need to be added at circulation passage entrance and refrigerant flows measure, such as blower (when refrigerant is air) or liquid pump
(refrigerant is liquid working substance) adds uniform flow orifice or equal conductance leaf or other current equalizers.
The method that layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet radiates in the present embodiment are as follows: the heat that battery generates is passed by heat
What the mode of leading was transferred to heat transfer piece takes hot arc, and hot arc is taken to pass through heat transfer (thermal conductive metal plate) or phase-change heat-exchange (heat pipe, plate heat
Pipe, micro slot group composite phase change heat transfer unit (HTU)) mode, heat is continued to be transmitted to cooling fin, and then to refrigerant fluid, in convection current
Heat is taken away by refrigerant during heat exchange.This is that heat from battery is transferred to refrigerant, to be embodied as the entire of battery heat dissipation
Process.
So far, one embodiment layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet introduction of the disclosure finishes.
So far, the embodiment of the present disclosure is described in detail in conjunction with attached drawing.According to above description, those skilled in the art
Clear understanding should be surrounded by the utility model layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile.
It should be noted that heat production domain and heat dissipation domain can be divided into several parts, heat production domain and heat dissipation domain will form " one
To more ", the relationship of " many-one ", " multi-to-multi ", respectively as shown in Fig. 5~7.
It should be noted that in attached drawing or specification text, the implementation for not being painted or describing is affiliated technology
Form known to a person of ordinary skill in the art, is not described in detail in field.In addition, the above-mentioned definition to each element and method is simultaneously
It is not limited only to various specific structures, shape or the mode mentioned in embodiment, those of ordinary skill in the art can carry out letter to it
It singly changes or replaces.
In conclusion present disclose provides a kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packets, comprising: heat production domain, heat dissipation domain and
Partition, wherein heat production domain is battery portion；Heat dissipation domain is fin section, and heat dissipation domain is coated with the shell that front and back is open；Partition
Between battery portion and fin section, layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet is divided into heat production domain and heat dissipation domain.This public affairs
The layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet opened has carried out stratified energy mechanism to battery pack, by battery portion and heat sinking function part subregion
Isolation can save the insulation much considered for security protection, seal member, meanwhile, refrigerant will not cause mechanical damage to battery
The physics such as wound, chemical attack, electrochemical corrosion, chemical attack improve the protective of battery, and improve whole safety
Property, and the service life of battery pack can be extended.
It should also be noted that, the direction term mentioned in embodiment, for example, "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", " left side ",
" right side " etc. is only the direction with reference to attached drawing, not is used to limit the protection scope of the disclosure.Through attached drawing, identical element by
Same or similar appended drawing reference indicates.When may cause understanding of this disclosure and cause to obscure, conventional structure will be omitted
Or construction.
And the shape and size of each component do not reflect actual size and ratio in figure, and only illustrate the embodiment of the present disclosure
Content.In addition, in the claims, any reference symbol between parentheses should not be configured to the limit to claim
System.
Similarly, it should be understood that in order to simplify the disclosure and help to understand one or more of each open aspect,
Above in the description of the exemplary embodiment of the disclosure, each feature of the disclosure is grouped together into single implementation sometimes
In example, figure or descriptions thereof.However, the disclosed method should not be interpreted as reflecting the following intention: i.e. required to protect
The disclosure of shield requires features more more than feature expressly recited in each claim.More precisely, as following
Claims reflect as, open aspect is all features less than single embodiment disclosed above.Therefore,
Thus the claims for following specific embodiment are expressly incorporated in the specific embodiment, wherein each claim itself
All as the separate embodiments of the disclosure.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out further in detail the purpose of the disclosure, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Describe in detail it is bright, it is all it should be understood that be not limited to the disclosure the foregoing is merely the specific embodiment of the disclosure
Within the spirit and principle of the disclosure, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should be included in the guarantor of the disclosure
Within the scope of shield.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet characterized by comprising
Heat production domain (1), is battery portion；
It radiates domain (2), is fin section；And
Partition (3) separates the layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet between the battery portion and fin section
For heat production domain (1) and heat dissipation domain (2)；
Wherein, it is connected with heat transfer piece between the heat production domain (1) and the heat dissipation domain (2), passes through the hole on partition, established
Play the heat transmitting connection between heat production domain (1) and heat dissipation domain (2).
2. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
Heat dissipation domain (2) cladding has the shell of front and back opening, the access way as refrigerant.
3. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
When refrigerant is air, fan and uniform flow orifice or equal conductance leaf is arranged in circulation passage import and export.
4. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 2, which is characterized in that
When refrigerant is distilled water, deionized water, alcohol or refrigerant, the setting of circulation passage import and export drives liquid pump and flows
Orifice plate or equal conductance leaf.
5. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 1, which is characterized in that
The layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet is arranged by several single batteries to be formed, and the single battery includes:
Battery (4), be used as heat source, at work can some electric energy be converted into heat；
Cooling fin (5) radiates to refrigerant；And
Heat transfer piece (6), lower section is contacted with heat source battery, and upper section is in contact with the cooling fin (5)；
Wherein, heat is transferred on the heat transfer piece (6) by the battery (4), then is transferred on the cooling fin (5), and most
It is lost in the refrigerant environment where cooling fin (5) eventually.
6. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 5, which is characterized in that
It is filled out between the heating surface and the heat transfer piece (6) of the battery (4), between the heat transfer piece (6) and the cooling fin (5)
Filled with glue class, lipid, graphite-like, liquid metal or flexible thermally conductive plate material.
7. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that
The heat transfer piece (6) is thermal conductive metal plate, heat pipe, flat-plate heat pipe or micro slot group composite phase change heat transfer unit (HTU).
8. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that
The cooling fin (5) is conduit shape cooling fin, tooth-shaped cooling plate or needle rib cooling fin.
9. layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet according to claim 5 or 6, which is characterized in that
The cooling fin (5) is metal material.
10. described in any item layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packets according to claim 1~6, which is characterized in that
The heat production domain (1) and the heat dissipation domain (2) can be divided into multiple portions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201821092595.8U CN208444867U (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2018-07-10 | Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201821092595.8U CN208444867U (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2018-07-10 | Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN208444867U true CN208444867U (en) | 2019-01-29 |
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| CN201821092595.8U Expired - Fee Related CN208444867U (en) | 2018-07-10 | 2018-07-10 | Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108807730A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet |
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2018
- 2018-07-10 CN CN201821092595.8U patent/CN208444867U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108807730A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-13 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Layer-stepping batteries of electric automobile packet |
| CN108807730B (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2023-12-05 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | Layered electric automobile battery pack |
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| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |