CN208401551U - A kind of smart grid center energy saving protective device - Google Patents
A kind of smart grid center energy saving protective device Download PDFInfo
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- CN208401551U CN208401551U CN201821260065.XU CN201821260065U CN208401551U CN 208401551 U CN208401551 U CN 208401551U CN 201821260065 U CN201821260065 U CN 201821260065U CN 208401551 U CN208401551 U CN 208401551U
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- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
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Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/50—Arrangements for eliminating or reducing asymmetry in polyphase networks
Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of smart grid center energy saving protective device, belongs to electric power network technique field.It solves the problems, such as existing technology, and there are circuit structure complexity.This smart grid center energy saving protective device includes control circuit, power grid incoming line, the driving circuit connected to the control circuit, the current transformer one connected to the control circuit, the high-pass filtering circuit being connect with power grid incoming line and three level IGBT inverter circuits being connect with high-pass filtering circuit, current transformer two is connected between high-pass filtering circuit and three level IGBT inverter circuits, current transformer two connects to the control circuit, three level IGBT inverter circuits are connected to the control circuit by driving circuit, the signal output control signal that control circuit is detected according to current transformer one and current transformer two, control cut-offfing for three level IGBT inverter circuits.This smart grid center energy saving protective device can realize that three-phase imbalance is administered while simplifying circuit structure.
Description
Technical field
The utility model belongs to electric power network technique field, especially a kind of smart grid center energy saving protective device.
Background technique
The main power supply mode of low-voltage network is three-phase four-wire system at present, and the electrical equipment in distribution is mostly single-phase negative
Lotus or for it is single-phase, three mix load, due to the asynchronism of electrical equipment, transformer almost operates in three-phase imbalance state
Under, oil (gas) filling device not can avoid the harm of the low harm and higher hamonic wave of the harm of three-phase imbalance, power factor at all.Three
It will cause neutral point drift when phase current imbalance and neutral conductor zero-sequence current increase, neutral point drift can generate three-phase voltage
Imbalance, the low phase voltage of general electric current is high, and phase voltage can reach 380V when serious, lead to the burning of transformer and electrical equipment
It ruins, threatens life safety, neutral point drift can also make the reduction of transformer efficiency factor, reduce transformer efficiency, increase transformer
And the loss of route, shorten the service life of transformer.
In view of the above problems, existing Chinese patent literature discloses a kind of low-voltage network electric energy quality optimizing section
Energy device [application number: CN201720253551.8] is equipped with TSC type capacitive reactive power compensation circuit, by total apotype electric power electricity
Container and apotype power capacitor is divided to form, and is connected on power distribution network by thyristor switch, to power distribution network export capacitive without
Reactive power compensator electric current；SVG type inactive reactive-load generator circuit is also set, which is to be changed certainly by what IGBT power cell formed
Phase bridge circuit, and being parallel on power distribution network by reactor can carry out the capacitive of electrodeless adjustment to SVG type to power grid output
Silent oscillation reacance generator electric current；And it is equipped with controller and driving circuit；Controller uniformly detects and calculates grid operating conditions,
Two power compensating circuits are driven to export corresponding compensation electric current to power distribution network by driving circuit.Although the utility model is administered
The three-phase imbalance of power grid, low-voltage and reactive compensation, but the utility model need to drive two power compensating circuits to
The corresponding compensation electric current of power distribution network output, can just solve the above problems, circuit structure is complicated.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is in view of the above-mentioned problems existing in the prior art, to propose a kind of smart grid central nodule
Can protective device, the smart grid center energy saving protective device the technical problem to be solved is that: how simplify circuit structure
While realize three-phase imbalance administer, reactive compensation and higher hamonic wave filter out.
The purpose of this utility model can be realized by the following technical scheme: a kind of smart grid center energy saving protection dress
It sets, power grid incoming line including control circuit, for power grid electric energy to be inputed to user load is connect with the control circuit
Driving circuit and connect with the control circuit for detect power grid incoming line current signal current transformer
One, which is characterized in that the smart grid center energy saving protective device further includes the high pass connecting with the power grid incoming line
Filter circuit and three level IGBT inverter circuits being connect with the high-pass filtering circuit, the high-pass filtering circuit and three electricity
Current transformer two is connected between flat IGBT inverter circuit, the current transformer two connects to the control circuit, three electricity
Flat IGBT inverter circuit is connected to the control circuit by driving circuit, and the control circuit is mutual according to current transformer one and electric current
The signal output control signal that sensor two detects, three level IGBT inverter circuits of control are cut-off, and generate power grid incoming line
Phase angle and the consistent forward-order current of voltage phase angle.
When this smart grid center energy saving protective device is run, current transformer one acquires power grid incoming line electric current letter
Number, current transformer two, which acquires the electric current on the compensated line between high-pass filtering circuit and three level IGBT inverter circuits, to be believed
Number, control circuit receives the signal that current transformer one and current transformer two convey and analyzes it operation, calculates
Forward-order current in power grid incoming line, negative-sequence current, zero-sequence current, the size and phase of 19 higher harmonic currents below
Angle, further according to current transformer two acquire current signal, control three level IGBT inverter circuits in correspondingly IGBT switch
On-off, issues to power grid incoming line and negative-sequence current, zero-sequence current, 19 higher harmonic currents below are equal in magnitude, square
To opposite electric current, the negative-sequence current in power grid is offset, zero-sequence current, higher harmonic current, in addition generation one is equal in magnitude
In contrary neutral line current injection zero curve, make only have three-phase equal in magnitude in route, phase angle is consistent with voltage phase angle
Forward-order current reach three-phase imbalance improvement, reactive compensation and high order are humorous while under the collective effect of high-pass filtering circuit
The advantages that function that wave filters out has structure simple, and fast response time, compensation precision is high, and energy-saving effect is good, and compensation capacity is big.
In above-mentioned smart grid center energy saving protective device, the high-pass filtering circuit includes reactor L1 and simultaneously
One end after the reactor L2 and resistance R1, the reactor L2 and resistance R1 for joining connection are connected in parallel is separately connected reactor L1
With power grid incoming line, the other end is connected with capacitor C1, and the other end of reactor L1 is connect with three level IGBT inverter circuits.Benefit
Increased with the induction reactance of reactor L1 with frequency and increased, the capacitive reactance of capacitor C1 increases and the characteristic of reduction with frequency, make reactor
Impedance after L2 is in parallel with resistance R1 increases with frequency and is reduced, and overtone order is higher, and impedance is just smaller, and filter effect is more preferable,
Inhibit high-frequency resonant ability stronger；Resistance R1 has damping action to capacitor C1, will not cause new resonance.
In above-mentioned smart grid center energy saving protective device, the smart grid center energy saving protective device further includes
RS485 communication interface and GPRS signal generator for establishing telecommunication with remote monitoring terminal, the GPRS signal hair
Raw device is established information communication by RS485 communication interface with control circuit and is connect.User can be by remote monitoring terminal to power grid
The case where be monitored, be not necessarily to human attendance, control more intelligent, and save human cost.
In above-mentioned smart grid center energy saving protective device, the control circuit include harmonic detecting module and with
The adjusting of the harmonic detecting module connection and monitoring modular, the current transformer one and current transformer two are examined with harmonic wave
Module connection is surveyed, the driving circuit connection adjusts and monitoring modular.
In above-mentioned smart grid center energy saving protective device, the reactor L1 and three level IGBT inverter circuits it
Between be connected on the preliminary filling contactor K2 and reactor L3, the preliminary filling contactor K2 of series connection be also connected in parallel current limiting electricity
R2 is hindered, the current transformer two is arranged between preliminary filling contactor K2 and reactor L3.Preliminary filling contactor K2, reactor L3 with
And the setting of current-limiting resistance R2, moment impact electric current when limitation powers on can be played, keeps compensated line work relatively reliable.
In above-mentioned smart grid center energy saving protective device, between the high-pass filtering circuit and power grid incoming line
It is also connected with fuse FU1 and breaker K1, the fuse FU1 and breaker is connected in series.The fuse FU1 of connection and disconnected
Road device K1 can play a protective role to route.
In above-mentioned smart grid center energy saving protective device, the three level IGBT inverter circuit includes DC voltage
U, derided capacitors C2, derided capacitors C3 and diode-clamped three-level converter, the derided capacitors C2 and derided capacitors C3
It is in parallel with diode-clamped three-level converter and DC voltage U respectively after series connection, three electricity of diode-clamped
Flat converter includes three-phase bridge arm, the IGBT switching tube and two series-connected diodes groups that every phase bridge arm is connected in series by four
At.Using three level IGBT inverter circuits, under the control of the control circuit, every phase can be controlled and export three kinds of switch states, had
It imitates and solves the problems, such as to cause neutral point drifting when three-phase current unbalance, improve the power quality of power grid.
Compared with prior art, this smart grid center energy saving protective device has the advantage that
1, the utility model no longer uses the inductively or capacitively device of large capacity, but passes through device for high-power power electronic
HF switch realize compensation, there is fast response time, compensation precision is high, and energy-saving effect is good, and compensation capacity is big, defencive function
By force, the advantages that long service life, structure is simple, and occupied area is small, is not necessarily to human attendance.
2, power factor can be maintained 0.99 or more by the utility model, and can be according to load properties and operating condition transfer matic
Property adjust its output reactive power size and property, the case where being not in overfill or underfill.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model.
Fig. 2 is the circuit diagram of three level IGBT inverter circuit of the utility model.
In figure, 1, power grid incoming line；2, control circuit；2a, harmonic detecting module；2b, adjusting and monitoring modular；3, it drives
Dynamic circuit；4, high-pass filtering circuit；5, three level IGBT inverter circuit；6, GPRS signal generator；7, RS485 communication interface；
8, power adapter；9, current transformer one；10, current transformer two.
Specific embodiment
It is specific embodiment of the utility model and in conjunction with attached drawing below, the technical solution of the utility model is made further
Description, but the utility model is not limited to these examples.
As shown in Figure 1, this smart grid center energy saving protective device includes control circuit 2, for inputting power grid electric energy
It is used for the power grid incoming line 1 of user load, the driving circuit 3 that is connect with control circuit 2 and with what control circuit 2 was connect
Detect power grid incoming line 1 current signal current transformer 1, this smart grid center energy saving protective device further include with
The high-pass filtering circuit 4 that power grid incoming line 1 connects and three level IGBT inverter circuits 5 being connect with high-pass filtering circuit 4,
Current transformer 2 10, current transformer 2 10 and control are connected between high-pass filtering circuit 4 and three level IGBT inverter circuits 5
Circuit 2 processed connects, and three level IGBT inverter circuits 5 are connect by driving circuit 3 with control circuit 2, and control circuit 2 is according to electric current
The signal output control signal that mutual inductor 1 and current transformer 2 10 detect, three level IGBT inverter circuits 5 of control are opened
It is disconnected, so that power grid incoming line 1 is generated phase angle and the consistent forward-order current of voltage phase angle.
Preferably, high-pass filtering circuit 4 includes reactor L1 and the reactor L2 and resistance R1 that are connected in parallel,
One end after reactor L2 and resistance R1 is connected in parallel is separately connected reactor L1 and power grid incoming line 1, and the other end is connected with
Capacitor C1, the other end of reactor L1 are connect with three level IGBT inverter circuits 5.Induction reactance using reactor L1 increases with frequency
And increase, the capacitive reactance of capacitor C1 increases and the characteristic of reduction with frequency, impedance after keeping reactor L2 in parallel with resistance R1 is with frequently
Rate increases and reduces, and overtone order is higher, and impedance is just smaller, and filter effect is more preferable, inhibits high-frequency resonant ability stronger；Resistance R1
There is damping action to capacitor C1, new resonance will not be caused.
Preferably, smart grid center energy saving protective device further include RS485 communication interface 7 and for it is long-range
Monitor terminal is established the GPRS signal generator 6 of telecommunication, GPRS signal generator 6 and control circuit 2 and is communicated by RS485
Interface 7 establishes information communication.User can be monitored the case where power grid by remote monitoring terminal, and human attendance, control are not necessarily to
System is more intelligent, and saves human cost.
Preferably, control circuit 2 includes harmonic detecting module 2a and the tune connecting with harmonic detecting module 2a
Section and monitoring modular 2b, current transformer 1 and current transformer 2 10 are connect with harmonic detecting module 2a, driving circuit 3
Connection is adjusted and monitoring modular 2b.
Preferably, the preliminary filling that series connection is connected between reactor L1 and three level IGBT inverter circuits 5 connects
Current-limiting resistance R2 is also connected in parallel on tentaculum K2 and reactor L3, preliminary filling contactor K2, current transformer 2 10 is arranged pre-
It fills between contactor K2 and reactor L3.The setting of preliminary filling contactor K2, reactor L3 and current-limiting resistance R2, can play limit
Moment impact electric current when system powers on keeps compensated line work relatively reliable.
Preferably, fuse FU1 and open circuit are also connected between high-pass filtering circuit 4 and power grid incoming line 1
Device K1, fuse FU1 and breaker are connected in series.The fuse FU1 and breaker K1 of connection can play a protective role to route.
Preferably, as shown in Fig. 2, three level IGBT inverter circuits 5 include DC voltage U, derided capacitors C2, divide
Voltage capacitance C3 and diode-clamped three-level converter, derided capacitors C2 and derided capacitors C3 be connected in series after respectively with two poles
Pipe Clamp three-level converter and DC voltage U are in parallel, and diode-clamped three-level converter includes three-phase bridge arm, every phase
The IGBT switching tube and two series-connected diodes that bridge arm is connected in series by four form.Using three level IGBT inverter circuits
5, under the control of control circuit 2, every phase can be controlled and export three kinds of switch states, effectively solve to make when three-phase current unbalance
The problem of at neutral point drifting, improves the power quality of power grid.The particular circuit configurations of diode-clamped three-level converter
Are as follows: it include IGBT switching tube Sa1, IGBT switching tube Sa2, the IGBT switch being connected in series with the power grid A bridge arm being connected wherein
Pipe Sa3 and IGBT switching tube Sa4 and the diode Da1 and diode Da2 of series connection, wherein diode Da2 anode with
IGBT switching tube Sa3 is connected with the tie point of IGBT switching tube Sa4, the cathode and IGBT switching tube Sa1 and IGBT of diode Da1
The tie point of switching tube Sa2 connects；It include IGBT switching tube Sb1, the IGBT switch being connected in series with the power grid B bridge arm being connected
Pipe Sb2, IGBT switching tube Sb3 and IGBT switching tube Sb4 and the diode Db1 and diode Db2 of series connection, wherein two poles
The anode of pipe Db2 is connect with the tie point of IGBT switching tube Sb3 and IGBT switching tube Sb4, and cathode and the IGBT of diode Db1 is opened
Pipe Sb1 is closed to connect with the tie point of IGBT switching tube Sb2；It include that the IGBT being connected in series is switched with the power grid C bridge arm being connected
Diode Dc1 and two poles of pipe Sc1, IGBT switching tube Sc2, IGBT switching tube Sc3 and IGBT switching tube Sc4 and series connection
Pipe Dc2, wherein the anode of diode Dc2 is connect with the tie point of IGBT switching tube Sc3 and IGBT switching tube Sc4, diode Dc1
Cathode connect with the tie point of IGBT switching tube Sc1 and IGBT switching tube Sc2.
Preferably, this smart grid center energy saving protective device further includes that the power supply connecting with DC voltage U turns
Parallel operation 8, power adapter 8 respectively with harmonic detecting module 2a, adjusting and monitoring modular 2b and 3 company of being powered of driving circuit
It connects.
When this smart grid center energy saving protective device is run, current transformer 1 acquires 1 electric current of power grid incoming line letter
Number, current transformer 2 10 acquires the electric current on the compensated line between high-pass filtering circuit 4 and three level IGBT inverter circuits 5
Signal, control circuit 2 receive the signal that current transformer 1 and current transformer 2 10 convey and analyze it operation,
Calculate the forward-order current in power grid incoming line 1, negative-sequence current, zero-sequence current, 19 higher harmonic currents below it is big
Small and phase angle controls in three level IGBT inverter circuits 5 correspondingly further according to the current signal that current transformer 2 10 acquires
IGBT is switched on-off, to the sending of power grid incoming line 1 and negative-sequence current, zero-sequence current, 19 higher harmonic currents below
Equal in magnitude, contrary electric current, offsets the negative-sequence current in power grid, zero-sequence current, in addition higher harmonic current generates one
In a contrary neutral line current injection zero curve equal in magnitude, make only have three-phase equal in magnitude in route, phase angle and voltage
The consistent forward-order current in phase angle, at the same under the collective effect of high-pass filtering circuit 4, reach three-phase imbalance improvement, it is idle
The function that compensation and higher hamonic wave filter out, in addition, the present apparatus is connected by RS485 communication interface 7 with GPRS signal generator 6,
As long as user can realize long-distance monitor and control by mobile phone or computer after downloading exclusive APP, the electricity of large capacity is no longer used
Perhaps inductance component, but compensation is realized by the HF switch of device for high-power power electronic, there is fast response time, mend
Precision height is repaid, energy-saving effect is good, and compensation capacity is big, and maximum can accomplish 1000kvar, and defencive function is strong, long service life, structure
Simply, the advantages that occupied area is small, is not necessarily to human attendance.
The specific embodiments described herein are merely examples of the spirit of the present invention.The utility model institute
Belonging to those skilled in the art can make various modifications or additions to the described embodiments or using similar
Mode substitute, but without departing from the spirit of the present application or beyond the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of smart grid center energy saving protective device, including control circuit (2), bear for power grid electric energy to be inputed to user
The power grid incoming line (1) of load, the driving circuit (3) being connect with the control circuit (2) and with the control circuit (2) even
The current transformer one (9) of the current signal for detecting power grid incoming line (1) connect, which is characterized in that the intelligence electricity
Net center energy saving protective device further include the high-pass filtering circuit (4) being connect with the power grid incoming line (1) and with it is described
Three level IGBT inverter circuits (5) of high-pass filtering circuit (4) connection, the high-pass filtering circuit (4) and three level IGBT are inverse
Current transformer two (10) is connected between power transformation road (5), the current transformer two (10) connect with control circuit (2), institute
It states three level IGBT inverter circuits (5) to connect by driving circuit (3) with control circuit (2), the control circuit (2) is according to electricity
The signal output control signal of current transformer one (9) and current transformer two (10) detection, controls three level IGBT inverter circuits
(5) cut-off, makes power grid incoming line (1) to generate phase angle and the consistent forward-order current of voltage phase angle.
2. smart grid center energy saving protective device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the high-pass filtering circuit
(4) include reactor L1 and the reactor L2 being connected in parallel and after resistance R1, the reactor L2 and resistance R1 be connected in parallel
One end be separately connected reactor L1 and power grid incoming line (1), the other end is connected with capacitor C1, the other end of reactor L1 with
The connection of three level IGBT inverter circuits (5).
3. smart grid center energy saving protective device according to claim 1 or 2, which is characterized in that the smart grid
Center energy saving protective device further includes RS485 communication interface (7) and the GPRS for establishing telecommunication with remote monitoring terminal
Signal generator (6), the GPRS signal generator (6) and control circuit (2) pass through RS485 communication interface (7) and establish information
Communication connection.
4. smart grid center energy saving protective device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that the reactor L1 and three
The preliminary filling contactor K2 and reactor L3 of series connection, the preliminary filling contactor are connected between level IGBT inverter circuit (5)
Also be connected in parallel to current-limiting resistance R2 on K2, current transformer two (10) setting preliminary filling contactor K2 and reactor L3 it
Between.
5. smart grid center energy saving protective device according to claim 1 or 2 or 4, which is characterized in that the high pass filter
Fuse FU1 and breaker K1, the fuse FU1 and open circuit are also connected between wave circuit (4) and power grid incoming line (1)
Device is connected in series.
6. smart grid center energy saving protective device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the three level IGBT is inverse
Power transformation road (5) includes DC voltage U, derided capacitors C2, derided capacitors C3 and diode-clamped three-level converter, and described point
Voltage capacitance C2 and derided capacitors C3 is in parallel with diode-clamped three-level converter and DC voltage U respectively after being connected in series,
The diode-clamped three-level converter includes three-phase bridge arm, every phase bridge arm by four be connected in series IGBT switching tube and
Two series-connected diodes compositions.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201821260065.XU CN208401551U (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2018-08-06 | A kind of smart grid center energy saving protective device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201821260065.XU CN208401551U (en) | 2018-08-06 | 2018-08-06 | A kind of smart grid center energy saving protective device |
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| CN208401551U true CN208401551U (en) | 2019-01-18 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110912133A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Active clamping multi-level active power filter based on mixing of SiC and Si devices |
-
2018
- 2018-08-06 CN CN201821260065.XU patent/CN208401551U/en active Active
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110912133A (en) * | 2019-11-29 | 2020-03-24 | 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一九研究所 | Active clamping multi-level active power filter based on mixing of SiC and Si devices |
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