CN208350205U - The low dark counting single photon detecting element of radiation environment - Google Patents
The low dark counting single photon detecting element of radiation environment Download PDFInfo
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- CN208350205U CN208350205U CN201721510117.XU CN201721510117U CN208350205U CN 208350205 U CN208350205 U CN 208350205U CN 201721510117 U CN201721510117 U CN 201721510117U CN 208350205 U CN208350205 U CN 208350205U
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Abstract
A kind of low dark counting single photon detecting element of radiation environment.Wherein, device includes avalanche photodide, for detecting the single photon magnitude optical signal of input under Geiger mode angular position digitizer；Level-one refrigeration structure, for controlling the installation environment temperature of avalanche photodide device according to control signal；Temperature collecting module, for acquiring the temperature signal of avalanche photodide；Temperature control algorithm module for receiving the temperature signal of avalanche photodide, and analyzes according to the temperature of avalanche photodide and its current target temperature the temperature control signals of needs；Temperature-control circuit, the temperature control signals for being provided according to temperature control algorithm module generate driving control signal；Thermoelectric refrigerating module, for adjusting the temperature of avalanche photodide.The device effectively inhibits dark counting caused by irradiation and increases speed, and solves the problems, such as radiation environment using low dark counting single-photon detector.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to quantum information and laser radar fields, further to low dark count in a kind of radiation environment
Several single photon detecting elements is filled more particularly, to a kind of low dark counting single photon detection applied in space radiation environment
It sets.
Background technique
With the development of space technology, quantum information and laser radar based on satellite platform extend its application range,
It tries to be the first the field of research as various countries.It is real using single-photon detecting survey technology in fields such as quantum information, single-photon laser radars
Now to the infant laser signal detection of single photon magnitude, high detection efficient, low dark counting single-photon detector be implemented as restricting application
A key factor.
Single-photon detector mainly includes the single-photon detector for being based on avalanche photodide (APD), based on photoelectricity times
Increase single-photon detector, superconducting nano-wire single-photon detector (SNSPD) and the upper conversion detector etc. of pipe (PMT).PMT exists
For the detection efficient of 850nm wave band 10% or so, dark counting is several hundred, but its volume is larger, needs to avoid strong light and magnetic field, makes
It is very poor with service life, stability and scalability；SNSPD can accomplish to be more than 90% detection efficient and down to several dark counts
Number, but need the refrigeration structure that volume is big, costly and complicated；Upper conversion detector converts wave band photon near 1550nm
It is detected at APD is reused after 850nm wave band, structure is complicated, higher cost.At the same time, APD is due to technology maturation, body
Product is small, has excellent performance, is low in cost, and has been widely used.That be commonly used in APD is the APD based on silicon
(Si APD) and based on indium gallium arsenic/indium phosphide APD (InGaAs/InP APD).Si APD is mainly used near infrared band
The single-photon detector of (near 850nm), have more than 50% detection efficient, dark counting down to 25cps commercial product；
InGaAs/InP APD is mainly used for the single-photon detector of infrared band (near 1550nm), at present the spy of commercial product
It surveys efficiency and there was only 10%, and dark counting is generally more than thousands of.
For the APD of space application, while with high single-photon sensitivity, also it is easy by space radiation etc.
It influences.Theoretical and experimental study all shows space radiation such as ionization total-dose, displacement damage etc., to the detection efficient of APD, when
Between the characteristics such as shaking, afterpulse probability influence smaller, but will cause APD dark counting and dramatically increase.For common business Si
APD, such as more than 50% detection efficient, dark counting down to 25ps product, on the 500km satellite orbit of simulation, Spacial Proton
Under radiation parameter, daily dark counting increment eventually leads to detector dark counting and significantly increases within a short period of time in 100cps or more
Greatly, it is difficult to have the field of tight demand to low dark counting applied to quantum information and laser radar etc..
Utility model content
(1) technical problems to be solved
In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of low dark counting single photon detections of radiation environment to fill
It sets, to solve above-described at least partly technical problem.
(2) technical solution
According to the utility model, provide a kind of radiation environment low dark counting single photon detecting element, comprising:
Avalanche photodide detects the single photon magnitude optical signal of input for work under Geiger mode angular position digitizer；
Temperature collecting module, including thermistor and the temperature collection circuit being electrically connected with thermistor, for acquiring
The temperature signal of avalanche photodide；
Temperature control algorithm module, for receiving the temperature signal of the avalanche photodide, and according to avalanche optoelectronic
The temperature of diode and its current target temperature analyze the temperature control signals of needs；
Temperature-control circuit, the temperature control signals for being provided according to temperature control algorithm module generate drive control
Signal；
Level-one refrigeration structure, for controlling the installation environment temperature of avalanche photodide device；
Thermoelectric refrigerating module, as second level refrigeration structure, for further adjusting snowslide according to the driving control signal
The temperature of photodiode.
In a further embodiment, the avalanche photodide is integrated on thermoelectric refrigerating module.
In a further embodiment, further includes: drive control circuit, for the snowslide of avalanche photodide to be believed
Number it is converted into electric pulse, passes through output electric pulse signal after comparator and timing circuit.
In a further embodiment, further includes: high pressure management module, for the temperature according to current avalanche diode
Corresponding bias high voltage is provided for it, guarantees avalanche diode detection efficient having the same at different temperature；
In a further embodiment, the thermistor is integrated on the thermoelectric refrigerating module.
In a further embodiment, the temperature collection circuit includes constant-current source, operational amplifier and simulation number
Word converter (ADC), the constant-current source and the thermistor are electrically connected, and convert voltage value for thermistor resistance value, institute
Analog-digital converter is stated for the corresponding voltage value of avalanche diode temperature to be carried out analog-to-digital conversion, forms digital temperature letter
Number.
In a further embodiment, temperature control algorithm module is specifically used for the temperature according to current avalanche diode
And the deviation of temperature setting target value analyzes the temperature control signals of needs.
In a further embodiment, the temperature-control circuit includes driver, two P-channel metal oxides half
Conductor tube and two N-channel MOS transistors cross the duty ratio of change pulse width modulation (PWM) signal to control
The size of current for flowing through thermoelectric refrigerating module (TEC), by switching different transistor, to control the electric current for flowing through TEC
Direction generates refrigeration or heats to control the temperature of avalanche photodide.
(3) beneficial effect
Compared with the prior art, the advantages of the utility model are:
Dark count caused by the radiation environment of the utility model effectively inhibits irradiation with low dark counting single photon detecting element
Number is increased speed, and solves the problems, such as radiation environment using low dark counting single-photon detector；
The radiation environment of the utility model embodiment can be widely applied to sky with low dark counting single photon detecting element
Between the fields such as the quantum communications field and laser radar, have very strong practicability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is system block diagram of the utility model embodiment radiation environment with low dark counting single photon detecting element.
Fig. 2 is the second level temperature control electricity of the low dark counting single photon detecting element of the utility model embodiment radiation environment
Road schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is ground of the utility model embodiment based on the single photon detecting element-satellite quantum teleportation signal
Figure.
Specific embodiment
For the purpose of this utility model, technical solution and advantage is more clearly understood, below in conjunction with specific embodiment, and
Referring to attached drawing, the utility model is described in further detail.Hereinafter, it will thus provide some embodiments are to be described in detail this
The embodiment of utility model.The advantages of the utility model and effect will be more aobvious by the utility model following the description
It writes.Illustrate that appended attached drawing simplified and used as illustrating herein.Component count, shape and size shown in the drawings can be according to realities
Border situation and modify, and the configuration of component is likely more complexity.Otherwise practice can also be carried out in the utility model
Or application, and without departing from spirit and scope defined in the utility model under conditions of, various change and adjustment can be carried out.
The purpose of this utility model is the demand and current techniques for low dark counting single photon detection under radiation environment
Deficiency, the single photon detecting element and method that can be applied to the low dark counting in radiation environment is provided.
The device is based on silicon substrate avalanche photodide, using the high sensitivity under its Geiger mode angular position digitizer, realizes single photon
The energy detection of magnitude；Lower original is expressed under the lower environment of temperature using lens lesion of the radiation environment to detector
Reason, reduces dark counting by way of reducing detector operating point temperature, while not influencing detection efficient.Which solves spokes
According to the problem of environmental applications single-photon detector Flouride-resistani acid phesphatase hardly possible, have the advantages that practical.
Theory shows to reduce the operating temperature of avalanche diode, and dark counting caused by detector crystal inside is damaged is in referring to
Number relationship reduces, and sees formula (1), can effectively inhibit the influence of irradiation, while not influencing detection efficient.
Wherein, T is avalanche diode operating temperature, unit Kelvin；It is that operating temperature stabilizes to T0When detector
Dark counting, α are avalanche diode characterisitic parameters.Level-one cooling control is realized using level-one refrigeration structure, uses avalanche diode
Integrated thermoelectric cooling (TEC) module realizes second level cooling, finally obtains working at ultra-low temperature point, realizes the single photon of low dark counting
Detection.
The utility model embodiment can be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Fig. 1 is system block diagram of the utility model embodiment radiation environment with low dark counting single photon detecting element.It can be with
Include:
1. avalanche photodide (APD): work receives and detects the optical signal of input under Geiger mode angular position digitizer；
2. high pressure management module: providing corresponding bias high voltage at different temperature for avalanche diode, guarantee snowslide
Detection efficient is constant at different temperatures for diode；
3. level-one refrigeration structure: mainly using structure carry out temperature control, control APD device installation environment temperature, such as-
15 DEG C, so that APD work is in a lower temperature environment
4. temperature collecting module: being mainly used for acquiring the temperature of APD, and send result to temperature control algorithm；
5. temperature control algorithm module: being mainly used for calculating need according to the temperature of APD and its current target temperature
The temperature control signals wanted
6. temperature-control circuit: the control signal provided according to temperature control algorithm module, generate driving control signal with
The temperature of APD is adjusted using TEC；
7. drive control circuit: mainly electric pulse is converted by the avalanche signal of APD, after comparator and timing circuit
Export the electric impulse signal that can directly measure.
8. thermoelectric refrigerating module, for adjusting the temperature of avalanche photodide according to the driving control signal.
Concrete implementation method the following steps are included:
1) when ground environment works, or just emit when entering the orbit work, APD is not influenced by irradiating, and is being protected
In the case where demonstrate,proving the low dark counting of detector, level-one refrigeration structure does not work, and carries out temperature control using TEC, the temperature of APD can be controlled
System is in higher value.
2) after device enters radiation environment, such as space orbit, the dark counting of APD gradually can slowly increase at any time.
3) in space radiation environment after a period of work, APD dark counting is more than the index of setting, can be by APD's
Operating temperature is arranged in a lower value, while adjusting its bias high voltage.
4) level-one refrigeration structure is first turned on, the installation environment temperature of control APD device reaches a lower value, such as
Say -15 DEG C.
5) schematic diagram of second level temperature-control circuit is as shown in Fig. 2, the thermistor being internally integrated by APD acquires in real time
The temperature of APD, and the control to APD temperature is completed using TEC.Constant-current source converts the resistance value of the thermistor varied with temperature
For voltage value, data acquisition is carried out by analog-digital converter (ADC) after operational amplifier follows processing.Temperature control is calculated
Method carrys out the deviation according to current APD temperature value and temperature setting target value, changes the duty of pulse width modulation (PWM) signal
Than and its P-channel metal-oxide-semiconductor pipe and N-channel MOS transistor switch, with control flow through TEC's
Sense of current and size, it is final to generate refrigeration or heating, realize the stability contorting to APD temperature.
6) on the basis of level-one refrigeration structure, second level refrigeration is carried out using the TEC inside APD, can be further decreased
The temperature of APD, such as -50 DEG C.APD work can be allowed at lower temperatures, realized low dark under space radiation environment
It counts.
The utility model embodiment also provides a kind of method for carrying out single photon detection using above-mentioned apparatus.Typical detection
Method can be as shown in embodiment one, it will be appreciated that detection method in detail below is only intended to detailed description, this is practical new
The detection method of type, but should not be understood as limitations of the present invention.Those skilled in the art can be to following methods step
Carry out any increase and decrease, deformation and substitution.
Embodiment one:
A set of single photon detecting element and detection method tested for ground-satellite quantum teleportation.
The single photon detecting element is for receiving in ground-satellite quantum teleportation experiment from terrestrial transmission to satellite
Entangled photon pairs.Ground based on the single photon detecting element-satellite quantum teleportation system block diagram is shown in Fig. 3.
Receiving end single photon detecting element is mainly by avalanche diode APD, high pressure management module, level-one system on its Satellite
Several chief components such as air-cooled structure, temperature collecting module, temperature control algorithm, temperature-control circuit, drive control circuit.
Firstly, being with one layer of shielding construction (predominantly aluminium and tantalum) in the outer of APD, it is mainly used for shielding some low energy particles to single photon
The influence of detector.Level-one refrigeration structure uses a heat conducting pipe, will be equipped with the constructed of aluminium and satellite rings of single-photon detector
Border connects, by the mounting structure environment temperature of satellite control single-photon detector.
Specific step is as follows for single photon detection method:
(1) preparation before ground-satellite quantum teleportation is tested
After confirmation single-photon detector environment temperature is met the requirements, single-photon detector interlock circuit is powered on, according to ground
Instruction controls detector temperature in setting value；
(2) ground-satellite quantum teleportation experimental stage
The environment temperature and detector temperature of system real-time monitoring single-photon detector guarantee work rank by closed-loop control
The stabilization of section temperature parameter.Meanwhile the drive control circuit of single-photon detector is opened, receive the photon signal and record of arrival
Data.After Teleportation is tested, single-photon detector power-off.
(3) after ground-satellite quantum teleportation experiment receives, the running parameter of tuning detector
After Teleportation is tested, judge whether the dark counting of current single-photon detector is greater than scheduled threshold value, if
Greater than the threshold value of setting, then calculate ground next time-satellite quantum teleportation experiment single-photon detector target temperature and
The parameter of bias high voltage.
The low dark counting of single-photon detector under radiation environment is achieved that by above method, it will be empty in 500km track
Between irradiate caused by dark counting advance the speed, be reduced to 0.55cps/ days within 100cps/ days by being greater than, after operation on orbit 1 year
Dark counting met ground-satellite quantum teleportation experiment demand again smaller than 300cps/ days.
Particular embodiments described above has carried out into one the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and beneficial effects
Step is described in detail, it should be understood that the foregoing is merely specific embodiment of the utility model, are not limited to this reality
With novel, within the spirit and principle of the utility model, any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement and etc. done should all include
It is within the protection scope of the utility model.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of low dark counting single photon detecting element of radiation environment characterized by comprising
Avalanche photodide detects the single photon magnitude optical signal of input for work under Geiger mode angular position digitizer；
Level-one refrigeration structure, for controlling the installation environment temperature of avalanche photodide device；
Temperature collecting module, including thermistor and the temperature collection circuit being electrically connected with thermistor, for acquiring snowslide
The temperature signal of photodiode；
Temperature control algorithm module, for receiving the temperature signal of the avalanche photodide, and according to two pole of avalanche optoelectronic
The temperature of pipe and its current target temperature analyze the temperature control signals of needs；
Temperature-control circuit, the temperature control signals for being provided according to temperature control algorithm module generate driving control signal；
Thermoelectric refrigerating module, as second level refrigeration structure, for further adjusting avalanche optoelectronic according to the driving control signal
The temperature of diode.
2. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the avalanche photodide is integrated in thermoelectric refrigerating module
On.
3. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that further include:
High pressure management module provides corresponding bias high voltage according to the temperature of current avalanche diode for it, guarantees two pole of snowslide
Manage detection efficient having the same at different temperature；
Drive control circuit passes through comparator and timing for converting electric pulse for the avalanche signal of avalanche photodide
Output electric pulse signal after circuit.
4. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the thermistor is integrated in the thermoelectric refrigerating module
On.
5. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature collection circuit includes constant-current source, operation amplifier
Device and analog-digital converter (ADC), the constant-current source and the thermistor are electrically connected, and thermistor resistance value is converted
For voltage value, the analog-digital converter is used to the corresponding voltage value of avalanche diode temperature carrying out analog-to-digital conversion, be formed
Digital temperature signal.
6. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that temperature control algorithm module is specifically used for according to current snowslide
The temperature of diode and the deviation of temperature setting target value, analyze the temperature control signals of needs.
7. the apparatus according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the temperature-control circuit includes driver, two P-channels
MOS transistor and two N-channel MOS transistors, by changing accounting for for pulse width modulating signal
Sky controls the size of current for flowing through thermoelectric refrigerating module (TEC) than (PWM), by switching different transistors, to control
The sense of current of TEC is flowed through, refrigeration is generated or is heated to control the temperature of avalanche photodide.
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| CN108168694A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Radiation environment low dark counting single photon detecting element and method |
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| CN108168694A (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2018-06-15 | 中国科学技术大学 | Radiation environment low dark counting single photon detecting element and method |
| CN108168694B (en) * | 2017-11-13 | 2023-11-28 | 中国科学技术大学 | Low dark count single photon detection device and method for irradiation environment |
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