CN208315211U - Passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor - Google Patents
Passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor Download PDFInfo
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- CN208315211U CN208315211U CN201820945792.3U CN201820945792U CN208315211U CN 208315211 U CN208315211 U CN 208315211U CN 201820945792 U CN201820945792 U CN 201820945792U CN 208315211 U CN208315211 U CN 208315211U
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/30—Nuclear fission reactors
Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor.The heat-exchanger rig of the passive residual heat removal system includes the heat exchanging chamber being enclosed by side wall, more than one blast pipe and discharge pipe;Heat exchanging chamber is between reactor cabin and reactor vessel, and heat exchanging chamber is arranged around reactor vessel, and gap is formed between heat exchanging chamber and reactor vessel;The bottom of heat exchanging chamber is equipped with the blast pipe in the air delivery to heat exchanging chamber outside reactor room room;The top of heat exchanging chamber is equipped with the discharge pipe that the air in heat exchanging chamber is expelled to atmosphere;The inner sidewall of heat-exchanger rig is used to receive the heat of the outside wall surface release of reactor vessel and transfers heat to the air in heat exchanging chamber;The residual heat of nuclear core that the heat removal capacity of passive residual heat removal system is greater than molten salt reactor, which is discharged, to be required.The passive residual heat removal system, without external power supply, highly-safe, structure is simple to operation, convenient to install and maintain.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor.
Background technique
Fused salt has the advantages that chemical property stabilization, boiling point height, good heat-transfer etc. are a variety of, uses fused salt for coolant and pottery
The cooling high temperature nuclear reactor of the fused salt of porcelain coated particle fuel element, works under low-voltage high-temperature, there is good inherent safety and extensively
High temperature application, receive the extensive concern of the Nuclear Power circle, the whole world has multiple cooling high temperature nuclear reactors of enterprises' investment fused salts
Exploitation design in.
After reactor generation accident, even if emergency shut-down, still there is part of waste heat persistently to generate, this part of waste heat is comparable
It is also very considerable in a period of time, it needs to be set out by the residual heat removal system being specially arranged to ultimate heat sink.Otherwise, heap
Interior heat accumulation and temperature raising may cause reactor safety barrier failure, cause to release outside radioactivity, serious core is caused to be pacified
Full accident.
Residual heat removal system is divided into active residual heat removal system and passive residual heat removal system, and the difference of the two is,
Active residual heat removal system must rely on external power supply or external action, and passive residual heat removal system does not need external move
Make, fully relies on natural phenomena driving.If in the case where power-off (being lost containing reliable source of power), when power supply cannot restore in time,
Active residual heat removal system just loses the function of discharge residual heat of nuclear core, and then will lead to core meltdown, pressure boundary and containment
Breakage, so that a large amount of hot materials are discharged into environment.In the case where complete power loss, only uses and do not depend on power supply
Passive residual heat removal system can prevent the accidents such as core meltdown, pressure boundary and containment breakage.Thus may be used
See, it is particularly significant to the design and research of passive residual heat removal system.
However, under accident conditions, fuel salt can be discharged into fuel salt storage tank, fuel salt first in traditional molten salt reactor design
It is equipped with residual heat removal system in storage tank, and then by Residual heat removal.Wherein, which changes using a kind of bushing type
Heat is transferred to the cold flow in heat exchange element using the gasification heat absorption of cold fluid in heat exchange element by thermal element from fuel salt
Body, and the cooling water recirculation system being driven by pump is additionally provided with outside the heat exchange element to realize that cold fluid is by gas phase turn in heat exchange element
Become liquid phase.It can be seen that the system is related to cooling water recirculation system, therefore the system is more many and diverse, and failure rate also can be therewith
Rise;The system is also only applicable to that fuel salt is emitted into after accident the design of fuel salt storage tank.
In the prior art, the Residual heat removal of high temperature shut-down system cooling for fused salt, has using passive residual heat removal system
The situation of system mainly uses gravity as the driving force of passive system.University of California Berkeley (english abbreviation UCB)
A kind of molten salt reactor buffer salt accident afterheat discharge system is proposed, the structure and working principle of the system is specific as follows: by fused salt
Cooling high temperature is stacked in molten salt pool, and special Residual heat removal heat exchanger is arranged in the molten salt pool, under accident conditions, fused salt
The heat of cooling high temperature nuclear reactor first passes through Residual heat removal heat exchanger transfer to remaining row's fused salt circuit, then by being placed in air cooling tower
Radiator arranges the waste heat that fused salt is absorbed in remaining row's fused salt circuit to atmosphere hot trap.However, the passive residual heat removal system,
Additional molten salt pool need be set, taken up a large area, therefore be unfavorable for the economy of heap.
In summary, there is no in the prior art, occupied area simple for structure it is small for the passive remaining of molten salt reactor
Hot discharge system, therefore seek the technology that the novel passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor of one kind is current urgent need to resolve
Problem.
Utility model content
Technical problem to be solved in the utility model is to overcome the palpus of traditional molten salt reactor design in the prior art first
Fuel salt is emitted into fuel salt storage tank and the system is more many and diverse, the higher defect of failure rate and non-in the prior art
Active residual heat removal system need be arranged additional molten salt pool, take up a large area, is unfavorable for the economy of heap, and provide a kind of use
In the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor.The passive residual heat removal system, without external power supply, therefore safety
Height, and structure is simple to operation, convenient to install and maintain, failure rate is low, it is small not need to be arranged additional molten salt pool, occupied area,
After shutdown or occur that residual heat of nuclear core can be taken away in time when nuclear reactor accident.
The utility model solves above-mentioned technical problem by the following technical programs:
The utility model provides a kind of passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor, and the molten salt reactor has reactor
Container and reactor cabin;
The passive residual heat removal system includes heat-exchanger rig;The heat-exchanger rig includes changing of being enclosed by side wall
Hot chamber, more than one blast pipe and more than one discharge pipe;The heat exchanging chamber is located at the reactor cabin and described anti-
It answers between heap container, and the heat exchanging chamber is arranged around the reactor vessel, and the heat exchanging chamber and the reactor vessel
Between form gap;The bottom of the heat exchanging chamber is equipped with the blast pipe, and the air inlet of the blast pipe is located at the reactor
Outside cabin;The top of the heat exchanging chamber is equipped with the discharge pipe, and the air outlet of the discharge pipe is located at outside the reactor room room;
Wherein, the blast pipe is for will be in the air delivery to the heat exchanging chamber outside the reactor room room;It is described to change
The inner sidewall of thermal is used to receive the heat of the outside wall surface release of the reactor vessel and transfers heat to the heat exchange
Intracavitary air;The discharge pipe is used to the air in the heat exchanging chamber being expelled to atmosphere;The passive residual heat removal system
The residual heat of nuclear core that the heat removal capacity of system is greater than the molten salt reactor, which is discharged, to be required.
After shutdown and when nuclear reactor accident occurs, the passive residual heat removal system of the utility model does not need to appoint
What outer power drive, only relies on Natural Circulation, can take the waste heat of molten salt reactor to final heat from the wall surface of reactor vessel
Trap --- atmosphere.Specifically, outside air is entered in the heat exchanging chamber by the blast pipe, due to the reactor vessel
Outside wall surface and the heat-exchanger rig inner sidewall between there are the biggish temperature difference, the waste heat of the reactor core of the molten salt reactor mainly leads to
Cross the inner sidewall that radiation heat transfer between the two reaches the heat-exchanger rig, heat reaches after the inner sidewall of the heat-exchanger rig i.e.
Can heat the air in the heat exchanging chamber, be generated after air heats and promote pressure head, become the driving force of Natural Circulation and make its to
Heat is reached final hot trap atmosphere through the discharge pipe by upper flowing.
In the utility model, the reactor cabin is routinely set to the outside of the reactor vessel by this field.
In the utility model, the heat-exchanger rig can be formed by welded steel plate, and the blast pipe and the discharge pipe are general
It is welded by pipeline.
In the utility model, preferably, the heat-exchanger rig includes more than two blast pipes and more than two outlet air
Pipe, and the set-up mode of each blast pipe and each discharge pipe is as described above.With more than two blast pipes and
The passive residual heat removal system of more than two discharge pipes can preferably maintain the safe condition of molten salt reactor.
In the utility model, more preferably, it is equipped with monitoring point on each air inlet pipe and each escape pipe, it is described
Monitoring point is used to detect the temperature and flow of air.The passive residual heat row of the monitoring point of independent air themperature and flow is set
System out, it can be ensured that the monitoring of the system conditions and failure conditions promptly and accurately.
In the utility model, preferably, the discharge pipe is externally provided with insulating layer.
In the utility model, preferably, the heat exchanging chamber is toroidal cavity.
In the utility model, the heat exchanging chamber is arranged around the reactor vessel, and the heat exchanging chamber is reacted with described
The gap formed between heap container is for placing the detecting element protruded into the reactor vessel.
In the utility model, preferably, the passive residual heat removal system is additionally provided with air cooling tower, the air cooling tower can be
Air cooling tower in the prior art, and the air outlet of the discharge pipe is connect with the air cooling tower, and the air outlet of the discharge pipe
It can be conventional connection type with the air cooling tower connection type, such as: the air outlet of the discharge pipe is from the air cooling tower
The inside of the air cooling tower is protruded into bottom, and is connected to the air pipeline of the air cooling tower, and the air pipeline is for improving sky
Gas natural-circulation capacity simultaneously discharges it to atmosphere.
In the utility model, preferably, being respectively equipped with separation valve door, the isolation on the blast pipe and the discharge pipe
Valve is equipped with control system, and the control system is used to adjust the aperture of the separation valve door to meet molten salt reactor under warm-up operations
The heat removal requirement of system.Specifically, it needs integrally to be preheated on fused salt fusing point molten salt reactor under warm-up operations, needs to close
The separation valve door, to reduce system radiating;When fused salt shut-down system operates normally, separation valve door maintains certain aperture;When
Under molten salt reactor shutdown or accident conditions, separation valve door can be maintained under aperture above-mentioned, and the core temperature of the molten salt reactor increases
Heating power increases, and the Natural Circulation of residual heat removal system can also be reinforced taking more heats out of therewith, executes discharge waste heat
Function.
In one better embodiment of the utility model, the power of the molten salt reactor is 10MW;The height of the heat exchanging chamber
For 3.0m, the internal diameter of the heat exchanging chamber is 4.0m, and the heat exchanging chamber is toroidal cavity, and the width of the heat exchanging chamber is 0.2m;
The number of the blast pipe is 2, and the internal diameter of each blast pipe is 0.8m, and the length of each blast pipe is 15m;
The number of the discharge pipe is 2, and the internal diameter of each discharge pipe is 0.8m outside the reactor room room, the reactor room
The length of outdoor each discharge pipe is 15m;The number of the air cooling tower is 2, and the internal diameter of each air cooling tower is
0.8m, the distance between the top of each air cooling tower and the center line of the molten salt reactor are 20.6m.
Without prejudice to the field on the basis of common sense, above-mentioned each optimum condition, can any combination it is each to get the utility model
Preferred embodiments.
The utility model agents useful for same and raw material are commercially available.
The positive effect of the utility model is: the utility model provides a kind of passive residual heat for molten salt reactor
Discharge system.The passive residual heat removal system has the advantage that without external power supply, is driven by natural driving force,
Adequately achieve the passive property demand for security of molten salt reactor, thus it is highly-safe and eliminate to electric power equipment and operation
The dependence of personnel;Without the equipment such as fused salt circulation loop and fused salt-fused salt heat exchanging device, system is simple to operation, installation and maintenance side
Just, failure rate is low;In normal reactor operation, which executes cabin refrigerating function;After shutdown or occur nuclear reactor thing
Therefore when, it does not need to take the i.e. executable Residual heat removal function of handover operation, there is good safety and reliability.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor of the utility model embodiment 1.
Description of symbols:
Reactor vessel 10
Reactor cabin 20
Heat-exchanger rig 30
The inner wall 31 of heat-exchanger rig
Heat exchanging chamber 32
Blast pipe 33
Air inlet 331
Discharge pipe 34
Air cooling tower 40
Separation valve door 50
Specific embodiment
The utility model is further illustrated below by the mode of embodiment, but is not therefore limited in the utility model
Among the embodiment described range.In the following examples, the experimental methods for specific conditions are not specified, according to conventional methods and conditions,
Or it is selected according to product manual.
Embodiment 1
Passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor as shown in Figure 1, molten salt reactor is with reactor vessel 10 and instead
The cabin Ying Dui 20;Passive residual heat removal system includes heat-exchanger rig 30, and heat-exchanger rig 30 includes changing of being enclosed by side wall
Hot chamber 32, more than one blast pipe 33 and more than one discharge pipe 34;Heat exchanging chamber 32 be located at reactor cabin 20 with react
Between heap container 10, and heat exchanging chamber 32 is arranged around reactor vessel 10, and is formed between heat exchanging chamber 32 and reactor vessel 10
Gap;The bottom of heat exchanging chamber 32 is equipped with blast pipe 33, and the air inlet 331 of blast pipe 33 is located at outside reactor cabin 20;Heat exchanging chamber
32 top is equipped with discharge pipe 34, and the air outlet of discharge pipe 34 is located at outside reactor cabin 20;
Wherein, blast pipe 33 is for will be in the air delivery outside reactor cabin 20 to heat exchanging chamber 32;Heat-exchanger rig 30
Inner sidewall is used to receive the heat of the outside wall surface release of reactor vessel 10 and transfers heat to the air in heat exchanging chamber 32;
Discharge pipe 34 is used to the air in heat exchanging chamber 32 being expelled to atmosphere;The heat removal capacity of passive residual heat removal system is greater than fused salt
The residual heat of nuclear core of heap, which is discharged, to be required.
After shutdown and when nuclear reactor accident occurs, the passive residual heat removal system of the utility model does not need to appoint
What outer power drive, only relies on Natural Circulation, can take the waste heat of molten salt reactor to final heat from the wall surface of reactor vessel 10
Trap --- atmosphere.Specifically, outside air is entered in heat exchanging chamber 32 by blast pipe 33, due to the outer wall of reactor vessel 10
There are the biggish temperature difference between face and the inner sidewall of heat-exchanger rig 30, the waste heat of the reactor core of molten salt reactor mainly passes through between the two
Radiation heat transfer reaches the inner sidewall of heat-exchanger rig 30, and heat can heat in heat exchanging chamber 32 after reaching the inner sidewall of heat-exchanger rig 30
Air, generate after air heats and promote pressure head, becoming the driving force of Natural Circulation and flow up it will through discharge pipe 34
Heat reaches final hot trap atmosphere.
Wherein, reactor cabin 20 is set to the outside of reactor vessel 10.
Wherein, heat-exchanger rig 30 is formed by welded steel plate, and blast pipe 33 and discharge pipe 34 are welded by pipeline.
Wherein, heat-exchanger rig 30 is set there are two blast pipe 33 and two discharge pipes 34, and each blast pipe 33 and it is each go out
The set-up mode of air hose 34 is the same.
Wherein, be equipped with monitoring point on each air inlet pipe and each escape pipe, monitoring point be used to detect air temperature and
Flow.
Wherein, discharge pipe 34 is externally provided with insulating layer.
Wherein, heat exchanging chamber 32 is toroidal cavity.
Wherein, passive residual heat removal system is additionally provided with air cooling tower 40, and the air outlet of discharge pipe 34 is from air cooling tower 40
The inside of air cooling tower 40 is protruded into bottom, and is connected to the air pipeline of air cooling tower 40, and air pipeline follows naturally for improving air
Ring ability simultaneously discharges it to atmosphere.
Wherein, it is respectively equipped with separation valve door 50 on blast pipe 33 and discharge pipe 34, separation valve door 50 is equipped with control system, control
System processed is used to adjust the aperture of separation valve door 50 to meet the heat removal requirement of fused salt shut-down system under warm-up operations.Specifically, exist
It needs integrally to be preheated on fused salt fusing point molten salt reactor under warm-up operations, needs to close separation valve door 50, dissipated with reducing system
Heat;When fused salt shut-down system operates normally, separation valve door 50 maintains certain aperture;Under molten salt reactor shutdown or accident conditions,
Separation valve door 50 can be maintained under aperture above-mentioned, and the core temperature of molten salt reactor increases heating power and increases, residual heat removal system
Natural Circulation can also reinforce taking out of more heats therewith, execute the function of discharge waste heat.
Wherein, for the present embodiment by taking the experimental reactor of 10MW as an example, design parameter is as shown in the table:
Application Example 1
Using the Residual heat removal method of the passive residual heat removal system of embodiment 1, which includes as follows
Step:
(1) outside air is entered in heat exchanging chamber 32 by blast pipe 33, and the inner sidewall of heat-exchanger rig 30 receives reactor appearance
The heat of the outside wall surface release of device 10 simultaneously transfers heat to the air in heat exchanging chamber 32;
(2) air flows upwards in heat exchanging chamber 32 are expelled to atmosphere through discharge pipe 34.
Technical effect: this is used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor, without external power supply, by driving naturally
Power drive, adequately achieves the passive property demand for security of molten salt reactor, it is highly-safe and eliminate to electric power equipment and
The dependence of operator;Without the equipment such as fused salt circulation loop and fused salt-fused salt heat exchanging device, system is simple to operation, installation is tieed up
It is low to repair convenience, failure rate;In normal reactor operation, which executes cabin refrigerating function;After shutdown or occur nuclear reaction
When heap accident, does not need to take the i.e. executable Residual heat removal function of handover operation, there is good safety and reliability.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of passive residual heat removal system for molten salt reactor, the molten salt reactor has reactor vessel and reactor room
Room, which is characterized in that the passive residual heat removal system includes heat-exchanger rig;The heat-exchanger rig includes enclosing shape by side wall
At heat exchanging chamber, more than one blast pipe and more than one discharge pipe;The heat exchanging chamber be located at the reactor cabin with
Between the reactor vessel, and the heat exchanging chamber is arranged around the reactor vessel, and the heat exchanging chamber is reacted with described
Gap is formed between heap container;The bottom of the heat exchanging chamber is equipped with the blast pipe, and the air inlet of the blast pipe is located at described
Outside reactor room room;The top of the heat exchanging chamber is equipped with the discharge pipe, and the air outlet of the discharge pipe is located at the reactor
Outside cabin;
Wherein, the blast pipe is for will be in the air delivery to the heat exchanging chamber outside the reactor room room;The heat exchange dress
The inner sidewall set is used to receive the heat of the outside wall surface release of the reactor vessel and transfers heat in the heat exchanging chamber
Air;The discharge pipe is used to the air in the heat exchanging chamber being expelled to atmosphere;The passive residual heat removal system
The residual heat of nuclear core that heat removal capacity is greater than the molten salt reactor, which is discharged, to be required.
2. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the reactor room
Room is set to the outside of the reactor vessel.
3. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that institute's heat-exchanger rig packet
Include more than two blast pipes and more than two discharge pipes, and the setting side of each blast pipe and each discharge pipe
Formula is the same as the set-up mode in claim 1.
4. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that each air inlet
Monitoring point is equipped on pipe and each escape pipe, the monitoring point is used to detect the temperature and flow of air.
5. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that outside the discharge pipe
Equipped with insulating layer.
6. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the heat exchanging chamber is
Toroidal cavity.
7. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that described passive remaining
Hot discharge system is additionally provided with air cooling tower, and the air outlet of the discharge pipe protrudes into the air cooling tower from the bottom of the air cooling tower
Portion, and be connected to the air pipeline of the air cooling tower, the air pipeline is for improving air natural-circulation capacity and being arranged
Out to atmosphere.
8. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that on the blast pipe
And separation valve door is respectively equipped on the discharge pipe, the separation valve door is equipped with control system, and the control system is for adjusting
The aperture of the separation valve door is to meet the heat removal requirement of fused salt shut-down system under warm-up operations.
9. being used for the passive residual heat removal system of molten salt reactor as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the molten salt reactor
Power is 10MW;The height of the heat exchanging chamber is 3.0m, and the internal diameter of the heat exchanging chamber is 4.0m, and the heat exchanging chamber is that annular is empty
Chamber, and the width of the heat exchanging chamber is 0.2m;The number of the blast pipe is 2, and the internal diameter of each blast pipe is 0.8m,
The length of each blast pipe is 15m;The number of the discharge pipe is 2, each outlet air outside the reactor room room
The internal diameter of pipe is 0.8m, and the length of each discharge pipe is 15m outside the reactor room room;The number of the air cooling tower
It is 2, the internal diameter of each air cooling tower is 0.8m, between the top of each air cooling tower and the center line of the molten salt reactor
Distance be 20.6m.
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113793706A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose passive residual heat removal system for small-sized villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor |
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2018
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Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN113793706A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-12-14 | 西安交通大学 | Multipurpose passive residual heat removal system for small-sized villiaumite cooling high-temperature reactor |
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