CN208127412U - Utilize the liquid antenna of GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction - Google Patents
Utilize the liquid antenna of GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction Download PDFInfo
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- CN208127412U CN208127412U CN201820390584.1U CN201820390584U CN208127412U CN 208127412 U CN208127412 U CN 208127412U CN 201820390584 U CN201820390584 U CN 201820390584U CN 208127412 U CN208127412 U CN 208127412U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a kind of liquid antennas using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, belong to communication apparatus design and application field, including the container with inner cavity and set fluid in the lumen, container is fixedly connected with the feed structure of antenna, inner cavity is closed, fluid has the space stable state fixed structure formed by the constraint of gravity and inner cavity, and the beam-oriented direction of antenna is set by the space stable state fixed structure.The liquid antenna of the utility model, which does not need the actives such as water pump adjustment equipment, can realize wave beam auto-steering function.When for satellite communication, most of satellite communication wave bands can be covered by having（Such as GPS）Extensive communication bandwidth, low section, small in size, light-weight, can be conformal the features such as, be generally applicable to the application scenarios that the suitable load of a variety of pairs of antennas such as aircraft, vehicle, human body local area network, IoT requires.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to a kind of liquid antenna with wave beam auto-steering function, belongs to communication apparatus design and answer
Use field.
Background technique
Phased array with beam steering function（Column）Antenna is widely used to business and military field.In general, this
Kind antenna is rearranged by several antenna elements according to specific mode, passes through given differential phase shift value, the electricity of this antenna
Sub- phase-shift circuit can guide radiation main lobe to deflect to assigned direction.United States Patent (USP) US20040008140A1 discloses a kind of logical
The method for realizing phase shift is crossed using electronic phase shifting circuit, and electronic phase shifting circuit is mainly analog phase shifter or digital phase shift
Device, wherein analog phase shifter controls the consecutive variations that voltage realizes the phase-shift value within the scope of 0 ° to 360 ° by single analog.Number
Word phase shifter, which usually requires long number control voltage, can only realize shifting by changing each data bit state in signal path
The mutually Discrete Change of value（If three bit digital phase shifters can only realize 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, 315 °, 360 °,
8 different phase shift values）.Analog phase shifter is usually using tuned element（As semiconductor variable capacitance diode, MEMS variodenser or
Tunable capacitor etc.）Construction discloses above-mentioned Electric phase-shift electricity in some existing beam steering antenna designs
The application method on road：Such as《The 12 beam steering low section patch type car antennas with short circuit hole》（A. Pal, A.
Mehta, D. Mirshekar-Syahkal and H. Nakano, A Twelve-Beam Steering Low-Profile
Patch Antenna With Shorting Vias for Vehicular Applications . IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017,65(8):3905~3912）,《Broadband entelechy
Change beam steering aerial array》（C. Liu, S. Xiao, Y. X. Guo, Y. Y. Bai and B. Z. Wang,
Broadband Circularly Polarized Beam-Steering Antenna Array . IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013,61(3):1475~1479）And United States Patent (USP)
US9590300 B2 etc..Generally speaking, although semiconductor variable capacitance diode can provide quick switching frequency, with frequency
Increase（After such as larger than 10 GHz）, their loss can become larger, although and MEMS variodenser loss is lower, they are in power
It performs poor in terms of capacity performance index.Further, since above-mentioned traditional beam steering phased array（Column）Antenna uses relative complex
Electronic phase shifting circuit, in satellite communication field in application, in order to reduce to the maximum extent be subject to from geostationary orbit
The interference of other upper satellites, the size of this antenna to be done very huge.Therefore with traditional beam steering phased array（Column）
Antenna is compared, if it is possible to be provided a kind of i.e. with traditional beam steering phased arrays such as frequency agility, beam-formings（Column）Antenna
The antenna of operating characteristic and not traditional disadvantages mentioned above, while existing electronic phase shifting circuit can be also reduced in design scheme
Complexity and cost, will be very competitive.
In recent years, the emerging technical research direction of field of antenna was by fluent material（Such as liquid metal and liquid dielectric）
Applied in antenna.《Foldable extendable inverted cone-shaped liquid metal flat plane antenna》（S. Cheng, Z. Wu, P.
Hallbjörner, K. Hjort, and A. Rydberg, Foldable and stretchable liquid metal
planar inverted cone antenna . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,2009,57(12):3765
~3771）Disclose it is a kind of structure and aspect of performance have it is outstanding can hamony liquid metal antenna, this antenna passes through
Mechanically or electrically submethod adjusts liquid structure, and antenna performance is allow to obtain good control in very wide range, and has and can weigh
Working frequency, radiation mode and the polarization performance of structure.From United States Patent (USP) US8169372B1, United States Patent (USP) US7969370B1, beauty
State patent US9024825B2 and《Can inverse warping can mechanical tuning jet stream antenna》（J.-H. So, et al,
Reversibly deformable and mechanically tunable fluidic antennas . Adv. Funct.
Mater.,2009,19）In can also find the example of the restructural liquid antenna of other.Compared with traditional antenna, liquid material
New antenna made of expecting mainly has following both sides advantage：a）Electromagnetic property is easy to reconstruct, and emerging and following work
Demand in industry application to antenna restructural, flexible is increasing；b）Suitable load is good, a series of business applications（Such as 5G
Mobile network, human body local area network and IoT）And Military Application（Such as the satellite communication of soldier, ship, aircraft and vehicle）In be also required to
Small in size, antenna that can be conformal or even transparent.
In addition to liquid metal material, also have liquid dielectric（Such as deionized water, dielectric solvent）It is designed as antenna
Radiating element.For example, water base antenna can be substantially reduced the electric size of antenna compared with conventional metals base antenna, because
The relative dielectric constant of water is about 78, this can reduce the effective wavelength of resonant antenna.The example of some water base antennas can be with
From《Maritime wireless communication efficient sea-water unipole antenna》（C. Hua, Z. Shen, and J. Lu . High-
efficiency sea-water monopole antenna for maritime wireless communications .
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , 2014,62(12):5968~5973）,《One kind having omnidirectional's cone beam radiation
The transparent water-based paster antenna of broadband low-cost optical of mode》（J. Sun and K. M. Luk . A Wideband Low
Cost and Optically Transparent Water Patch Antenna With Omnidirectional
Conical Beam Radiation Patterns . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , 2017,65(9):
4478~4485）With《Handheld portable broadband mixes water base antenna》（L. Xing, Y. Huang, Q. Xu, S.
Alja'afreh, T. Liu .A broadband hybrid water antenna for hand-portable
applications . IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. , 2015）In find.However, water base day
There is also some disadvantages for line, such as in the inefficiency of high-frequency band（Since dielectric loss tangent value is larger）, temperature dependency and
Volatilization problems etc..
To overcome the above disadvantages, being also disclosed document selects some dielectric solvents that water is replaced to design restructural liquid
Body antenna（The dielectric loss tangent value and freezing point of the dielectric solvent of selection are lower than water）, such as《Wideband based on mode reconfigurable design
Band glass fluid column medium resonator antenna》（Z. Chen and H. Wong .Wideband Glass and Liquid
Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Pattern Reconfigurable Design .
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017,65(5):2157~2164）With《Have
The liquid medium resonant aerial of circular polarisation reconstruction property》（Z. Chen and H. Wong . Liquid Dielectric
Resonator Antenna with Circular Polarization Reconfigurability . IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, DOI:10.1109/TAP.2017.2762005）
Described in antenna scheme be exactly using dielectric solvent design liquid medium resonant aerial.《It sets based on mode is restructural
The broadband glass fluid column medium resonator antenna of meter》In propose a kind of restructural medium resonator antenna (DRA) and come
Realize the reconstruct of radiation mode, its dielectric resonator（DRA）With two regions of interior zone and outer layer region, interior zone
It is by K9 glass（εr=6.85）The solid cylinder of production, outer layer region are filled with dielectric solvent --- ethyl acetate（εr=
7.1）；Interior zone and outer layer region be all put into one by 3D printing technique manufacture hydrostatic column in is formed inside have
The dielectric resonator of liquid, and motivated by a coaxial feed probes；Hydrostatic column is connected with pump, when pump is by ethyl acetate
When extraction, DRA inner glass part works the HEM that excites in topside11Mode, and after ethyl acetate is pumped by pump, the column of recombination
Shape DRA works in new taper TM01Mode.《Liquid medium resonant aerial with circular polarisation reconstruction property》In propose
One kind having the liquid medium resonant aerial of Circular Polarisation (CP) reconstruction property, the liquid of the structure liquid medium resonator
Body is ethyl acetate（εr=6.6）, it and is motivated by the containers hold of 3D printing by monopole feed probe；In order to realize circular polarisation
Reconstruct, left and right two regions of the Vessel Design switch antenna between two different states, when liquid quilt
When being injected into left area, the circular polarisation of left hand rotation direction is may be implemented in it, and if liquid is pumped into right area, so that it may obtain the right hand
The circular polarisation of rotation direction；The reconstruct of circular polarisation is obtained by the flowing of pump control ethyl acetate.These restructural liquid antennas
It is all that the liquid medium resonator being made of dielectric solvent is realized by the amount of liquid in the one or more regions of pump adjusting
Reconstruct, the reconstruct of shape and feed structure including liquid medium resonator to the energisation mode of liquid medium resonator, from
And antenna is made to realize the adjustment between different radiation modes.These antenna works in 5 GHz, can have relatively high total effect
Rate.But this liquid antenna based on dielectric solvent still has problem, for example, most of dielectric solvents are inflammable easily to wave
Hair, this needs to find the more stable fluent material of physical and chemical performance just to solve the problems, such as this.
In addition, existing restructural liquid antenna is mainly based upon water pump system control liquid flowing to adjust the knot of liquid
Structure.Water pump itself needs an additional power supply, it is also desirable to an installation space be arranged on antenna.And many applied fields
Scape in addition to require antenna can receive more communication bands and with bigger channel width other than, also require antenna volume enough
It is small, light enough, it can be conformal.For example some antennas need people（Such as soldier）It is installed on vehicle to carry or need.United States Patent (USP)
US20140247194, United States Patent (USP) US7071879B2 and United States Patent (USP) US7126539B2 disclose some adaptation vehicle movements
Car antenna design scheme, these schemes may be implemented six-freedom motion and along axis translate, this explanation people carry, it is vehicle-mounted
Field of antenna is implicitly present in such need.In the prior art liquid can be passively realized without pump without any relevant design
The beam steering function of body antenna.
Chinese patent CN206259487U discloses a kind of controllable antenna of liquid mixing cavate, which has hollow cavity
Body simultaneously connects feed end, is marked with liquid in hollow cavity, and feed end includes coaxial fitting, microwave-medium substrate and is set to microwave
Metal below medium substrate（Also ground plane, earth plate are）, antenna is set to above microwave-medium substrate, and coaxial fitting is worn
With crossing microwave-medium substrate and metal and it is equipped with the probe with inner antenna fluid connection；The antenna includes that outer chamber and setting exist
Inner chamber body inside outer chamber, is additionally provided with the adjustable column through outer chamber and inner chamber body lower end through-hole, and outer chamber and inner chamber body are
Concentric cylinder configuration, probe is in inner chamber body center location；The liquid that the antenna passes through adjusting inner chamber body and outer chamber（Including mixing
Liquid）Height realize adjust radiation lobe of antenna and impedance matching function.This antenna needs to adjust inner chamber body and exocoel
The height of body realizes the reconstruct of antenna performance, and liquid form can change when antenna tilt, and antenna performance is not able to maintain.
Traditional electron beam turns to（Beam-forming）The work step of antenna system is as follows：1）Firstly, it is necessary to a control
Device processed receives following one or more relevant information：Six axis gyroscope information of object is connected to each other receipts signal strength information
(RSSI), direction of travel, the anticipated orientation of communication and unexpected direction；2）When detect six axis gyroscope information of object and
When the variation of RSSI（It is realized by detector）, controller handles information according to beam-shaping and steer arithmetic, to determine antenna
The phase excitation of array element, then, controller output a signal to phase and amplitude control circuit, and bay is correspondingly arranged
Phase excitation；3）Finally, carrying out beam steering control to bay（It is realized by phase-shift circuit）, RSSI is maximized, from
And improve communication quality.It is obvious that the function of traditional electron beam position controlled rotary antenna system needs complicated huge controller, detection
Device and phase-shift circuit are realized by three rate-determining steps, simultaneously as controller, detector and phase-shift circuit etc. are wanted
It asks, the higher cost of the system.
Utility model content
The utility model wishes that the technical issues of solving is to provide one kind and does not need the actives adjustment equipment such as water pump
Realize the liquid antenna of wave beam auto-steering function, this liquid antenna is mounted on mobile carrier, no matter carrier
Inclination, liquid antenna can emit to fixed direction or receive electromagnetic signal, it is to have that most of satellites can be covered
Communication band（Such as GPS）Extensive communication bandwidth, and there is low section, small in size, light-weight, can be conformal the features such as adapts to fly
The application scenarios that a variety of pairs of antennas such as machine, vehicle, human body local area network, IoT have suitable load to require.
In order to solve the above technical problems, technical solution used by the utility model is：
A kind of liquid antenna using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, including the stream equipped with participation antenna resonance in inner cavity
The container of body, the feed structure and container of antenna are each attached on carrier, and accommodating the container of fluid is closed, container intracavity
In fluid is at least a kind of and the total amount of fluid is fixed and has and remain horizontal liquid level, when carrier tilts
The flowing in container makes fluid and feed structure form new relative space position to make antenna to Shi Liuti under the effect of gravity
Beam direction be intended to fixed-direction.
Technical solutions of the utility model further improvement lies in that：The side of container is provided with the feed structure with antenna
The ground plane of connection.
Technical solutions of the utility model further improvement lies in that：Container, fluid and ground plane constitute the feed by antenna
The liquid medium resonator of structural excitation, the liquid medium resonator are the radiating element or receiving unit of antenna.
The utility model above-mentioned technical proposal further improvement lies in that：It further include being fixed on the carrier of antenna and position
Conductive plate in container intracavity side.
Technical solutions of the utility model further improvement lies in that：Conductive plate and ground plane are the same part.
Technical solutions of the utility model further improvement lies in that：The upper surface of fluid is to remain horizontal liquid level.
Technical solutions of the utility model further improvement lies in that：Fluid includes density difference, contacts with each other but mutual not phase
The interface composition of the first molten liquid and second liquid, the first liquid and second liquid remains horizontal liquid level；First
Liquid has different relative dielectric constants from second liquid.
The utility model above-mentioned technical proposal further improvement lies in that：Fluid includes one or more kinds of mutual not phases
Hold, the liquid that density is different and relative dielectric constant is different.
Technical solutions of the utility model further improvement lies in that：The feed structure of antenna is included out in the seam on conductive plate
Gap and with the vertically disposed microstrip line in gap length direction, dielectric, the center of inner cavity are separated between microstrip line and conductive plate
Axle position is in gap and the infall of microstrip line and orthogonal with gap and microstrip line.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the technological progress that the utility model obtains is：
The a kind of of the utility model receives and dispatches beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL（It is embodied in the control to antenna radiation pattern）'s
Liquid antenna, that is, the aerial array and electronics phase-shift circuit for not needing complexity do not need testing pump liquid structure again can be real
Existing antenna beam auto-steering function.More specifically, the wave beam auto-steering function of liquid antenna disclosed in the present application is logical
To cross make fluid intracavitary in closed container in gravity the movement of " the new stable state of stable state-" occur to realize, no matter antenna
What kind of variation occurs for angle, and antenna can emit to fixed direction and receive electromagnetic signal in this direction.Therefore, originally
The liquid antenna of offer in utility model realizes real passive type（Electric power is not needed）Beam steering, this and it is existing
Beam steering aerial array is compared has apparent advantage in terms of cost, compactedness and terseness.
It in Antenna Design, is designed by the structure to feed structure, ground plane and closed inner cavity in antenna, limitation stream
It closes the upper and lower position that each constituent is determined according to density size in the angle or fluid of shape, fluid level and horizontal plane
One or more characteristic of the fluids such as system makes fluid have space stable state fixed structure, utilizes this sky formed by gravity
Metastable state fixed structure sets the orientation direction of antenna beam, eliminates antenna complicated for acquiring six axis gyroscopes, row
Controller into information such as directions and the detector for detection information variation.Simultaneously by feed structure in antenna, connect
The design of the structure of stratum and closed inner cavity, stores one or more kinds of fluids in container, when the carrying of carrying antenna
When the change in location such as object run-off the straight, fluid in container under the effect of gravity can in container intracavity shift position, in container
Fluid respective container, the feed structure of antenna, the position of ground plane will form the varistructure of antenna a kind of, the stream in container
Body can also have a horizontal liquid level always under the effect of gravity, fluid levels liquid level respective container, the feed structure of antenna, ground plane
Angle also will form the varistructure of another antenna, can be by the adjustable antenna of varistructure that gravity is adjusted using these
Beam direction makes antenna eliminate complicated electronic phase shifting circuit.On this basis, fluid itself is used as liquid medium resonator
With the resonant element of antenna（That is oscillator is the radiating element or receiving unit of antenna）A part to participate in antenna electromagnetism special
Property reconstruct in, rather than as just setting beam-oriented direction and adjust beam direction structural adjusting factor（As only
The antenna oscillator that floating is arranged on fluid level realizes beam-forming）, to further simplify the structure of antenna.In conjunction with
Above-mentioned 3 points, and due to realizing that the reconstruct of liquid antenna is not required to extra power or pumping system using gravity, make the utility model
Liquid antenna can have again while positioning transceiving signal may be implemented low section, it is small in size, light-weight, can be conformal etc.
Feature.
The utility model proposes using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction the most important feature of liquid antenna be：When holding
When carrying the carrier generation movement of the liquid antenna of the utility model and tilting（When guidance axis changes）, the generation of liquid antenna
It tilts, under the effect of gravity, fluid moves the fluid in container in container, and fluid is made to remain horizontal liquid level, day
The feed structure of line and the relative position of fluid and the relative position of horizontal liquid level change therewith, the utility model benefit
Cause the movement of liquid with gravity to realize and perceive to beam steering condition, it is not necessary to acquire and locate using controller, detector
Manage the antenna parameters such as a large amount of gyroscope information and RSSI.After this liquid antenna is mounted on various carriers, container, feedback
Electric structure and/or the opposite carrying object location of ground plane are fixed, when carrier run-off the straight or rotation, the direction of feed structure,
Position, the shape of liquid etc. that the direction of ground plane, the spatial position of container change, and be now placed in container intracavity
Space stable state fixed structure respective container, feed structure and/or ground plane can change automatically under the effect of gravity, these liquid
The a part of body as the dielectric resonator of antenna makes the beam direction of antenna not change because aerial angle changes and make day
Big change occurs for the beam direction of line, and beam direction is made to be intended to fixed direction, and by container outer profile and interior
The design of chamber makes antenna beam direction be directed toward some horizontal or vertical fixed-direction, and realizes auto-steering, therefore, this reality
Large-scale antenna array and electronics phase-shift circuit are not needed with novel.To sum up, liquid antenna described in the utility model is being realized
Also have that size is small, structure is simple and low-cost advantage while wave beam auto-steering function.
A kind of specific structure of the utility model is that the inner cavity of container and container is designed to spherical shape, and in spherical vessel
Interior fill part fluid, feed structure and ground plane respective container are fixed.This structured liquids antenna of the utility model can be with
For horizontal direction positioning transceiving signal.A kind of specific structure of the utility model is to be designed to the inner cavity of container and container
Cylinder, in two kinds of different densities of hydrostatic column lumen loading, the fluid of different relative dielectric constants（Both fluids are full of
The inner cavity of container）, also respective container is fixed for feed structure and ground plane, and this structured liquids antenna of the utility model can be with needle
To vertical direction positioning transceiving signal.Meanwhile container is molding using facilitating（Such as direct 3D printing is cast by 3D printing mold
It makes）The isolation materials such as plastics or glass.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception horizontal beam signal, and ground plane is in figure
Horizontal position；
Radiation lobe figure when Fig. 2 is antenna present position shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception horizontal beam signal, and antenna is with respect to Fig. 1 in figure
90 ° of rotations have occurred in position, and ground plane relative level is in vertical position；
Fig. 4 is radiation lobe figure when antenna is in position shown in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is the S parameter of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception horizontal beam signal（Reflection coefficient）Simulated experiment
Data；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal, and ground plane is in figure
Horizontal position；
Fig. 7 is the feed structure schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal；
Fig. 8 is the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal, and antenna is with respect to Fig. 6 in figure
45 ° of rotations, ground plane and horizontal plane obliquity at 45 ° has occurred in position；
Fig. 9 is the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal, and antenna is with respect to Fig. 6 in figure
90 ° of rotations have occurred in position, and ground plane and horizontal plane are at upright position；
Figure 10 is that antenna present position shown in Fig. 6 i.e. ground plane is in a horizontal position（Ground plane pitch angle is 0 °）When antenna
Radiation lobe figure；
Radiation lobe figure when Figure 11 is 30 ° of ground plane pitching overturning angle of antenna shown in Fig. 6；
Radiation lobe figure when Figure 12 is -30 ° of overturning angle of ground plane pitching of antenna shown in Fig. 6；
Figure 13 is the S parameter of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal（Reflection coefficient）Simulated experiment
Data；
Figure 14 is the application scenarios schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal；
Wherein, 20, ground plane, 30, container, the 40, first liquid, 50, feed probes, 60, second liquid, 70, gap,
80, microstrip line.
Specific embodiment
The utility model discloses a kind of liquid antennas using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, and antenna is mounted on can be with
On mobile carrier, it can also include antenna pedestal, antenna holder that carrier, which includes the aircraft for needing to install antenna, human body etc.,
Deng.Liquid antenna includes the container 30 with inner cavity, equipped at least one fluid, the side installation of container in the inner cavity of container
There is the feed structure of antenna.The inner cavity of container be it is closed, it is respectively independent that more than one can also be set in a same vessel
Inner cavity, the total amount of the fluid in each inner cavity is fixed.
Fluid in container intracavity has the space stable state fixed structure formed by the constraint of gravity and inner cavity, and the space is steady
State fixed structure refers to fluid not with vessel space change in location（Including rotating or being displaced）And the various characteristic knots changed
Structure is that fluid is reached the diacritic structure embodied after balance, stream by various power such as gravity, buoyancy, container holding powers simultaneously
Even if body because of container lean, rotation or caused by moving after by disturbing, these characteristic structures still are able to pass through stream
The flowing of body under the effect of gravity retrieves recovery, it mainly includes one of following structures or combines：1）The shape of fluid（Such as
The fluid of underfill ball-type inner cavity is because gravity and cavity shape limit, and no matter how container intracavity rotates, and fluid is static
Shape afterwards remains spheroid）, 2）The liquid level of fluid top or inside, 3）In fluid and inner cavity other parts or
Fluid itself respectively forms partially due to the overlying relation that density difference is formed in the lumen under the effect of gravity.It is set in antenna
Timing makes fluid have the constraint shape by gravity and inner cavity by the limitation to cavity shape, fluid loading, fluid composition etc.
At space stable state fixed structure.Fluid space stable state fixed structure change the then effective lobe of wave beam of antenna direction just
It changes, fluid space stable state fixed structure does not change the effective lobe directions of the wave beam of antenna not changing.
On the basis of fluid has space stable state fixed structure, antenna is set by fluid space stable state fixed structure
Beam-oriented direction.Container in the utility model, antenna feed structure spatial position occur with the carrier movement of antenna become
After change, position or shape of the fluid in container intracavity, the space stable state fixed structure of fluid and container, antenna feed structure
Between positional relationship can also change, after these positions or shape and positional relationship change, to the directional diagram of antenna
It will form correction, be held essentially constant directional diagram, tilt the effective lobe directions of the wave beam of antenna with the carrier of antenna
It changes, the beam-oriented direction of antenna is directed toward identical direction always.
The utility model can be by container, fluid directly as the resonance between free space and the feed structure of antenna
Device, this resonator meet the structural requirement and moving law of liquid medium resonator, utilize the work of liquid medium resonator
Principle is directly using fluid as the primary resonance component of antenna（I.e. as the radiating element of antenna or receiving unit）, when carrying day
When mobile or deflection occurs for the carrier of line, the position of container and the feed structure being connected with container is as carrier occurs partially
Turning, the fluid in container flows in container under the effect of gravity, and the positional relationship of feed structure and fluid changes, so that
Container, fluid, antenna feed structure between structure and operating mode reconstruct, make the wave beam side of the receiving and transmitting signal of antenna
To remaining unchanged（As directional diagram is in horizontality always）.
The ground plane being fixedly connected with the feed structure of antenna can also be added in the utility model in antennas, i.e., in container
Side be arranged ground plane, container, fluid and ground plane are directly as the resonance between free space and the feed structure of antenna
Device, this resonator meet the structural requirement and moving law with the liquid medium resonator of ground plane, utilize this liquid
The working principle of dielectric resonator is directly using fluid as the primary resonance component of antenna（As the radiating element of antenna or connect
Receive unit）, when carrying the carrier run-off the straight of antenna, the position of container and the feed structure being connected with container is with holding
Loading run-off the straight, the fluid in container flow in container under the effect of gravity, the positional relationship hair of feed structure and fluid
Changing, fluid and container, ground plane, antenna feed structure between structure and operating mode reconstruct, make antenna
The beam direction of receiving and transmitting signal remains unchanged（As directional diagram is in plumbness always）.
The total amount of fluid in inner cavity can be limited to fixed value as the crucial resonance section in antenna by fluid, without
The total amount that fluid in inner cavity is adjusted by external equipments such as pump, valves, is further simplified the knot of aforesaid liquid medium resonator antenna
Structure.Preferably, the total volume of fluid is greater than the 50% of cavity volume.
It is briefly described as follows space stable state fixed structure and liquid medium resonator that how the utility model utilizes fluid
The beam-oriented direction of antenna operation principle fixed antenna：
Primary resonance component of the fluid in the closed inner cavity of container as antenna is set（I.e. as the radiation list of antenna
Member or receiving unit）, the fluid formation space stable state fixed structure in container intracavity, while container, antenna under the effect of gravity
Feed structure etc. forms varistructure again between fixation members and fluid；The space stable state fixed structure that fluid is formed is for setting
Antenna beam orientation direction（The main lobe of directional aerial is towards having a specified anticipated orientation, in antenna structure in the utility model
After design, this anticipated orientation has just obtained fixation, hereon referred to as beam-oriented direction）, the varistructure of antenna is used for
The actual beam direction of antenna is adjusted, the varistructure of this antenna changes under the effect of gravity, and makes the wave beam of antenna
Direction is approached to beam-oriented direction.
The feed structure of the utility model antenna can be monopole probes feed, microband paste feed, microstrip gap feed
Etc. various feed structures；The utility model can have ground plane and be fixedly connected with participation resonance with feed structure；Fluid can be with
Be single substance be also possible to many kinds of substance composition, fluid have can flow under the effect of gravity and be restored to original space
The characteristic of stable state fixed structure.The space stable state fixed structure that fluid is formed in the lumen under the effect of gravity include fluid due to
Gravity influences the space structure remained unchanged under any stationary state to be formed, such as：The big substance of density position always in fluid
In the lower part of container, the small substance of density is in the top of container always, and the liquid level of fluid is parallel to horizontal plane, Huo Zheliu always
Body is because gravity can be conformal with lumen portion or entirety.The varistructure of antenna include when fluid is disturbed fluid exist
Gravity comes back to fluid respective container, the structure of antenna feed structure and/or ground plane generation or position after stationary state
The change set, such as：When container run-off the straight, fluid becomes from above the fixation members such as container, antenna feed structure
The angle of side, the fixation members such as the liquid level and container, antenna feed structure of fluid becomes other angles from 0o.
The method of the space stable state fixed structure of fluid is set including at least following several（But it is not limited to following methods）：One
It is to infuse segment fluid flow in the closing inner chamber of spherical vessel（The volume of fluid is such as injected the 80% of vessel volume）, no matter container
How to shift one's position, due to gravity, the shape of fluid is radius and the constant spheroid of height always, and spheroid is flat
Face part is parallel to the horizontal plane always.Second is that in cylindrical hermetic it is intracavitary fill 100% fluid, no matter how seal chamber becomes
Change place, the shape of fluid are and the consistent cylinder of closing inner chamber always.Third is that intracavitary two kinds of the injection in cylindrical hermetic
Or three kinds of fluids, two or three of fluid are full of the inner cavity of hydrostatic column, fluid can be one third water according to volume ratio
The composition of proportions of silver, one third water and one third soybean oil, then no matter how container shifts one's position, mercury, water and big
The fluid that soya-bean oil is constituted remains cylindrical, and when fluid is in stable state on gravity direction from top to bottom always successively
For soybean oil, water and mercury.
The varistructure of antenna can be arranged by following several methods（But it is not limited to following methods）：First method is
The metal probe being fixedly connected with container is set on the outside of spherical vessel（Metal probe is a kind of a part of feed structure）Or
Ground plane is marked with segment fluid flow in the sealed internal chamber of spherical vessel（The volume of fluid is such as injected the 60% of vessel volume）, work as appearance
When device is rotated or tilted as carrier moves, fluid moves downwards in container intracavity, metal probe or ground connection
The position of layer fluid relative can change（But the shape of fluid remains original shape under the constraint of container intracavity）.
Second method is that the metal plate being fixedly connected with a bottom cylindrical face of container is arranged on the outside of cylindrical container（Metal plate
A part either ground plane that can be feed structure, can also be only as the reflecting surface of aerial signal）, in cylindrical seal
Inner cavity in be marked with water and soybean oil（Water and soybean oil can respectively account for 50%）, one is formed between water and soybean oil in the lumen
Horizontal liquid level, with the rotation of container, the corner dimension of liquid level and metal plate between water and soybean oil and direction can all be sent out
Changing（But fluid, under the limitation of container intracavity, flow profile is always cylindrical）.The third method is in metal plate
（Metal plate can be a part either ground plane of feed structure）Each side fix the identical container of a volume, two
A closing inner chamber makes two containers form whole big closing inner chamber by conduit connection, is marked with half in big closing inner chamber
The fluid that water and the soybean oil of half are constituted, when left side inner cavity is lower than right side inner cavity, water is entirely located on the left of metal plate, when
When left side inner cavity is higher than right side inner cavity, water is entirely located on the right side of metal plate, and water is different with soybean oil relative dielectric constant, they
After the position of opposing metallic plate changes, the distribution of antenna lobe is made to change（But water and soybean oil are in big closing chamber
Interior overlying relation is thick-and-thin）.
Therefore, the utility model be will be comprising primary resonance portion of the fluid as antenna of at least one liquid dielectric
Part, and fluid is connect with feed structure, antenna beam orientation direction is set by the space stable state fixed structure of fluid, is utilized
The varistructure of antenna adjusts wave beam lobe shape and maximum direction（That is beam direction）, form liquid medium resonant aerial
（That is liquid antenna）.
Liquid antenna should include the container 30 made by insulating materials, with the fluid for remaining horizontal liquid level, also
There can be the conductive plate positioned at 30 side of container.Conductive plate can be used as ground plane and participate in resonance, can also be as the anti-of antenna
It penetrates plate and reinforces signal.The container 30 and fluid for wrapping up fluid participate in resonance jointly, and container 30 can select relative dielectric constant big
In 1 and isolation material of the dielectric loss tangent value less than 1, such as glass or plastics, if it is tradition such as plastics so PVC, acrylics
Material or some new materials of suitable 3D printing can be applicable in, can be as far as possible in order to simplify the calculating of resonance relevant parameter
Chamber wall is done thin, makes it influence to reduce on resonance, but can also reach more preferable by the special designing to chamber wall and shape
Effect, it is only necessary to while consider material distribution, shape, size and the relative dielectric constant of container, dielectric loss tangent value etc. be situated between
The influence of electrical parameter.The fluid for constituting liquid medium resonator includes at least a kind of dielectric loss tangent value（It is expressed as tg δ）It is small
In 1 liquid dielectric, including deionized water（For example, selecting relative dielectric constant εr=78, the deionized water of δ=0.1 tg）,
Dielectric solvent or organic ion liquid.Several common dielectric solvents also are used as constituting liquid day described in the utility model
The liquid medium resonator of line, such as ethyl acetate（εr=6）And acetonitrile（εr=38）With dielectric loss tangent more lower than deionized water
Value（tgδ<0.02）With lower freezing point（Less than -65 DEG C）.If constituting liquid medium resonance using above-mentioned dielectric solvent
Device, liquid antenna can obtain higher radiation efficiency and broader operating temperature range.In addition to deionized water and dielectric solvent,
Organic ion liquid is equally applicable to liquid antenna described in the utility model.Due to many organic ion liquid may have it is lower
Dielectric loss（Measurement index is the size of dielectric loss tangent value）And liquid is remained in bigger temperature range（For example, choline L- dried meat
δ≤0.001 tg of propylhomoserin, freezing point≤- 80 oC, boiling point >=200oC）.Liquid medium resonance is constituted using organic ion liquid
Device can also make liquid medium resonator have thermal stability, evaporation air pressure, electrical conductance, electrochemical window, liquid crystal structure, heat
The advantages characteristic of capacity and low flammability etc..
In order to further illustrate how the utility model provides one kind there is the passive turning function of wave beam, broadband to cover,
It preferably carries, liquid antenna that can be conformal, is provided below with the specific embodiment of detail parameters, it is the new feature of the utility model, excellent
Gesture and other benefits can also be obtained in conjunction with following specific embodiments：
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment is the liquid antenna of a kind of directional transmissions and reception horizontal beam signal, it is a bulb
Type liquid antenna is in thin-walled pressure vessel 30, the ground plane 20 of ball-type including fluid, shape（It is also conductive plate）.Container, ground plane
20, it is fixedly connected between the feed structure of antenna, the carrier of antenna.Container 30 has closed ball-type inner cavity and ball-type foreign steamer
Exterior feature partially fills fluid in the inner cavity of container 30（The volume of fluid accounts for the 50%~70% of cavity volume, and the present embodiment is preferably
65%）, fluid is all made of the first liquid 40（Fluid can also include plurality of liquid, and the present embodiment is simplified model, preferably
For one kind）, have the space not being filled with a fluid above container, the interface composition of the space and fluid remains horizontal liquid
Face, fluid form the spheroid for reaming a spherical crown.The present embodiment can realize the beam-forming in horizontal direction（Auto-steering）
Function：When ground plane 20 is parallel to horizontal plane（As shown in Figure 1）, the present embodiment work is in spheroid（quasi-ball）Medium
Resonant aerial（DRA）TM01Mode, radiation lobe figure as shown in Fig. 2, be omnidirectional radiation lobe in the horizontal direction,
But in sighted direction（Antenna sighted direction is the direction of antenna guidance axis in space, the i.e. direction of deflection θ=0 °, this implementation
Sighted direction is to pass through 20 geometric center of ground plane and be directed toward container 30 and the vector direction vertical with ground plane 20 in example, Fig. 1,
Z-direction in Fig. 2）Radiationless lobe；When ground plane 20 is inclined relative to horizontal 90 ° as shown in Figure 3, sighted direction with
Horizontal plane is parallel, and the present embodiment works in the HEM of spheroid medium resonator antenna11Mode, radiation lobe figure such as Fig. 4 institute
Show, is one in the one-way radiation mode that sighted direction is greatest irradiation direction；In above two border condition and others
In the case of, no matter how ground plane 20 tilts or rotates with the carrier of antenna, and the liquid medium resonator of flowing will stay forever
In the bottom of 30 inner cavity of container, and ball-type liquid antenna all has the radiation main lobe for being directed parallel to horizontal plane always.
In Fig. 1, the present embodiment container 30 is the low dielectric loss material for the use of relative dielectric constant being 2.5~4.5（Such as
The plastics such as PVC, acrylic or glass）The thin-walled Spherical Seals container of production, container are fixed on the geometry of 20 side of ground plane
On center, container changes with 20 change in location of ground plane.Fluid, feed knot are partially filled in the inner cavity of the container 30 of ball-type
Structure is the probe feed system comprising feed probes 50, and feed probes directly use the center conductor of 50 ohm coaxial cable of standard
（Also independent feed probes can be used to connect by plug with the center conductor of 50 ohm coaxial cable of standard）.Feed probes
50 pass through from 20 geometric center of ground plane and are inserted into the inner cavity of container 30.The axially-extending line of feed probes is directed toward container ball
The heart, the fluid in container participate in resonance as a part of liquid medium resonator.
The ground plane 20 of the present embodiment container side can it is preferable to use one piece of square type Metal thin plate, the square sheet metals
Conductive plate be can be used as with reflected beam, while the square sheet metal is connect and the ground plane as antenna with feed structure
20,50 ohm coaxial cable outer contact of standard or shielded layer as feed probes are connect with ground plane 20, square gold
Metal thin plate also assists in resonance.First liquid 40 of composition fluid can be any low dielectric loss liquid（As deionized water, dielectric are molten
Agent, organic ion liquid）, fluid keeps such as Fig. 1 or spheroid shown in Fig. 3 in the inner cavity of container 30, because liquid is in weight
Mobility under power effect, the liquid level of fluid（That is the section of spheroid in Fig. 1）Be not with the shape of ground plane 20 or container 30,
Angle or change in location and remain above fluid and horizontal liquid level, be known as the first liquid level in the utility model.This reality
Antenna is fixed on carrier when applying example use, ground plane 20 changes level angle with the movement of carrier, works as ground plane
20 when being parallel to the horizontal plane, in the first liquid 40 of spheroid by feed structure excitation work in TM01Mode.Pass through the first liquid
40 relative dielectric constant（εr）The resonance frequency of the liquid medium resonator structure can be calculated with spheroid radius.This feelings
Under condition, the quarter-wave dipole antenna of the present embodiment and vertical level radiation lobe figure generated（That is direction
Figure）Identical, which is monopole type radiation mode.In addition, the field e and h distributions in liquid antenna also with vertical water
The field e of the quarter-wave dipole antenna of plane is identical with h near fields.At this point, the radiation zero of the antenna be θ=
0°（The angle THETA in antenna theory, i.e., deflection above）Position, and greatest irradiation field be omnidirectional covering horizontal plane
（XOZ and YOZ plane）.
When ground plane 20 is perpendicular to horizontal plane, as shown in figure 3, the radiation mode of the present embodiment changes into unidirectional mode.
In Fig. 3, ground plane 20 is rotated to the position that angle with horizontal plane is 90 ° in XOZ plane, due to gravity fluid
Automatic flowing is to the lower part of container intracavity.In this case, feed probes 50 be located in spheroid fluid edge without
It is the symmetrical overlapping of axles with fluid again, the spheroid liquid medium resonator works that this feeding classification constitutes fluid are in HEM11
Mode.The radiation mode of liquid antenna is unidirectional at this time, as shown in figure 4, its greatest irradiation direction is located at feed probes 50
Sighted direction is still parallel to horizontal plane.Therefore, the liquid antenna of the present embodiment, either horizontal positioned or slant setting,
Greatest irradiation direction is always all in the horizontal direction.
Fig. 5 is the simulated reflections coefficient figure of liquid antenna in above-described embodiment, and the specific design parameter of antenna is as follows：
Ground plane 20 is the sheet metal that specification is 100 × 100 × 1mm, and the radius of 30 inner cavity of container is 20mm, and feed is visited
The length that needle 50 is inserted into inner cavity is 5mm, and the first liquid-filled percentage is 65%, and the material of the first liquid is acetonitrile（εr=38, tg
δ<0.02）.
From figure 5 it can be seen that reflection coefficient S of the present embodiment in 1.56~1.7GHz and 2.17~2.39GHz wave band11
Respectively less than -10dB.The lower resonance band of the present embodiment（The lower resonant band）It is work in spheroid liquid medium
The TM of resonator structure01And HEM11Mode.In general, each design parameter, structural parameters and fluent material can be in the present embodiment
It is modified according to the requirement of any concrete application scene, to cover other frequency ranges.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is the liquid antenna of a kind of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal, is a kind of cylindrical type liquid day
Line, as shown in fig. 6, including a thin walled cylindrical container 30, container 30 is by different relative dielectric constants in closed inner cavity
With the fluid of different densities and mutual exclusive first liquid 40 and second liquid 60 composition（The fluid of the present embodiment should include two
Kind or more there is different densities and mutual exclusive liquid, the lesser liquid of density should have biggish opposite be situated between in these liquid
Electric constant is simplified model, it is preferred that the fluid of the present embodiment is only made of two kinds of liquid）, it is fixed with and leads in 30 side of container
Battery plate, conductive plate are fixedly connected with feed structure, and conductive plate participates in resonance as the ground plane 20 of antenna, and container 30 has cylinder
Shape outer profile and inner cavity, the fluid filled in inner cavity are made of the first liquid 40 and second liquid 60, and fluid is full of container 30
Whole cylindrical cavities.The density of first liquid 40 is less than the density of second liquid 60, the relative dielectric constant of the first liquid 40
Greater than the relative dielectric constant of second liquid 60, the present embodiment be may be implemented in vertical direction（It is pointed into the sky by ground）Wave beam
Orientating function：When ground plane 20 is parallel to the horizontal plane（As shown in Figure 6）, the lobe pattern of the present embodiment refers to heavenwards direction
One-way radiation mode（As shown in Figure 10）；And when ground plane 20 tilts -90 to 90 ° of unspecified angle in the horizontal plane, also can
Enough realize inclined one-way radiation mode（As is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12）, greatest irradiation direction is still orthogonal with horizontal plane and is directed toward
Sky direction.Can be realized orientation and be directed toward the principle of vertical direction is, lesser first liquid of density 40 due to gravity and
The top of container 30 is remained at, and its biggish second liquid of relative dielectric constant specific density is big, at this time radiated wave
Shu Huixiang supernatant liquid（First liquid）Direction inclination, therefore, regardless of liquid antenna tilts or rotates, wave beam will beginning
Tend to the direction orthogonal with level ground eventually.
The present embodiment is distinguished as with embodiment one, and the present embodiment refers to the unidirectional antenna in heavenwards direction, the present embodiment
In container 30 be cylinder, lumen loading the first liquid 40 and second liquid 60 two kinds of liquid.First liquid 40 position always
In container intracavity upper layer, second liquid 60 is always positioned at the lower layer of container, and the density of the first liquid 40 is less than second liquid 60
Density, the relative dielectric constant of the first liquid 40 are greater than the relative dielectric constant of second liquid 60, the first liquid 40 and the second liquid
Between body 60 because contact with each other and objectionable intermingling to formed one remain horizontal liquid level.The feed structure of the present embodiment
The microstrip gap feed structure comprising gap 70 and microstrip line 80 has been used, as shown in Fig. 7, ground plane 20 as antenna
Conductive plate is to be fixed on pcb board（It is also possible to other flexible, easily conformal, can be used as dielectric plates or film, the present embodiment
It designs a model for simplification, preferably common pcb board is antenna carrier and chooses design parameter）On square metal thin plate（Thin plate
It is also possible to other electrically conductive materials such as polar organic material, soft graphite, technique for fixing, which can be, to be applied erosion or paste etc.）,
It is provided with a rectangular aperture 70 in the geometric center of ground plane 20,50 ohm microstrips 80 of standard are printed by PCB technology
In ground plane 20 in the following, wherein 70 length direction of gap is orthogonal with microstrip line 80, the axle center of container 30 is located at the seam of ground plane 20
On the crosspoint of gap 70 and microstrip line 80, i.e., the central axis of container intracavity be located at gap 70 and microstrip line 80 infall and with seam
Gap 70 and microstrip line 80 are orthogonal.Microstrip line 80 and ground plane 20 by PCB substrate（Such as FR-4）It separates, the opposite dielectric of substrate is normal
For number between 1.5 and 6.5, substrate plate thickness, for different substrates, can modify microstrip line 80 between 0.3 to 2.5 millimeters
Size, to keep the characteristic impedance of its 50 ohms.
When the first liquid and second liquid in the present embodiment keep cylindrical, i.e., when ground plane 20 keeps level, liquid
Body antenna overall work is in HEM11Mode, the feeding point of microstrip gap feed structure and constitutes the container of liquid medium resonator all
Positioned at 20 geometric center of ground plane, this makes liquid antenna always work in the one-way radiation mode towards sky direction.When connecing
When 20 run-off the straight of stratum, as shown in figure 8,45 ° of pitch angle of the ground plane 20 of liquid antenna with relative level, first
Liquid 40 is maintained at the top half of container intracavity with smaller density, and second liquid 60 is due to there is biggish density still to stop
In the lower half portion of inner cavity.When the ground plane 20 of liquid antenna is perpendicular to horizontal plane, equally, first layer liquid stays in container
Top half, and second layer liquid remains in the lower half portion of container, as shown in Figure 9.In the inclined situation of antenna, first
The spaces such as shape of liquid and second liquid stable state fixed structure meeting relative antenna feed structure and/or ground plane change,
These change in shape will lead to the change of radiation mode, when liquid antenna tilts in the case of figure 8, the first two circle
The HEM of cylindrical first liquid and second liquid11Mode will become two director circle columns（quasi-cylinder）Liquid resonant cavity
TM01Mode, the radiation lobe of this mixed two-layered medium resonator will be to the liquid with larger relative dielectric constant（This
It is the first liquid 40 in embodiment）The position at place tilts, and the lobe pattern formed is as indicated at 11.
The directional transmissions of the present embodiment and the realization principle for receiving vertical beam characteristics of signals can be by using following machines
System is to describe：If constituting the fluid of liquid medium resonator by two kinds of different densities and the liquid structure of different relative dielectric constants
At the wave beam of, liquid antenna by the liquid tilt of high relative dielectric constant, more specifically, if the lesser liquid tool of density
There is a biggish relative dielectric constant, no matter how liquid antenna rotates and tilt, and greatest irradiation direction will all turn to always
Density is smaller and the biggish flow direction of relative dielectric constant, that is, perpendicular to horizontal plane and the direction that points into the sky（On
Side）.
Figure 10,11,12 respectively illustrate radiation lobe figure of the present embodiment in simulated experiment under three kinds of inclination conditions
2D pole figure.If ground plane 20 is parallel to the horizontal plane, one-way radiation mode can be realized, and greatest irradiation direction is located at antenna
Near sighted direction, deviation angle θ=0 ° of greatest irradiation direction.But if 45 ° of the rotation counterclockwise of ground plane 20, i.e., and water
Plane included angle becomes 45 °, then greatest irradiation direction is tilted to θ=- 30 ° of direction, half power lobe width coverage area（It is description
The index of main lobe direction）Become from -75 ° to 5 °, in this case, the greatest irradiation direction of antenna still tends to and horizontal plane
Orthogonal direction.Similarly, if ground plane 20 rotates clockwise 45 °, greatest irradiation direction will be tilted to θ=+ 30 ° of direction,
Half power lobe width coverage area is from -15 ° to 65 °, and in this case, the greatest irradiation of antenna still tends to and horizontal plane
Orthogonal direction.These results indicate that the passive of heavenwards direction may be implemented in liquid antenna provided by the utility model really
Beam steering, this is very suitable for real satellite communications applications shown in Figure 14.
Figure 13 is the simulated reflections coefficient figure of liquid antenna in the present embodiment, and specific design parameter is as follows:
Ground plane 20 is that the specification being fixed on PCB is 100mm × 100mm × 1.6mm sheet metal, and PCB substrate is selected
FR-4（εrδ=0.025=4.5, tg）, gap 70 is the rectangular channel of 50mm × 3mm, and microstrip line 80 is having a size of 3mm × 70mm, cylinder
Shape cavity radius 38.5mm, the high 20mm of cylindrical cavity, the first liquid-filled percentage 50%, second liquid percent fill
50%, the first fluent material is the first organic ion liquid（εrδ=0.001=27, tg）；Second liquid material has for second
Machine ionic liquid（εrδ=0.001=6, tg）.
It can be observed from fig. 13 that the liquid antenna of the present embodiment in 0.95~1.25GHz, 1.57~1.78GHz and
The reflection coefficient S of 1.9~2.25 frequency ranges of GHz tri-11Respectively less than -8dB.Above three wave band is covered answers for satellite navigation
GPS L1, L2 and L5 wave band further include other several communication bands.The lower resonance band of the present embodiment（The lower
resonant band）It is work in the aforementioned quasi-cylindrical being made of two kinds of different liquids materials（quasi-cylinder）It is situated between
The TM of matter resonator01And HEM11Mode.
The antenna that can be seen that the present embodiment from above-mentioned analog result realize conscientiously these satellite bands wave beam hang down
Straight directional characteristic.Due to the difference of density, the greatest irradiation direction of antenna can under the effect of gravity automatic orientation to sky
Direction.Each design parameter, structural parameters in the present embodiment（Such as the filling proportion of plurality of liquid, the shape of microstrip gap and opposite
The position etc. of liquid medium resonator）It can be modified according to the requirement of any concrete application scene with fluent material, to cover
Cover other frequency ranges.
The present embodiment utilization GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction function be very suitable to be widely applied, such as be suitable for data,
The satellite communication field of voice and video（Especially for international maritime satellite satellite communication）.Illustrate by taking Figure 14 as an example below
The specific advantage of one application scenarios of the present embodiment.
Figure 14 is the application scenarios of the beam steering antenna system in satellite communication system using the realization of the present embodiment
Schematic diagram.As shown in figure 14, International Maritime Satellite Organization provides satellite 200,210 and equipped with the wave for taking the present embodiment technical solution
Communication link between the vehicle of beam position controlled rotary antenna system (antenna is not specifically illustrated).In the scene, vehicle 300,310,
320 top is mounted on the antenna system of the prior art and the beam steering antenna system of application this embodiment scheme, existing
The antenna system of technology is usually vertical vehicle chassis and the fixed antenna for being directed toward vehicle up direction, when vehicle moves on a flat ground
When dynamic（Vehicle 300）, wave beam 503 is the lobe signal of the antenna system of the prior art, and wave beam 513 is using this embodiment scheme
Beam steering antenna system lobe signal, at this moment two kinds of antenna systems have reached optimal signal reception, this meaning
Wave beam 513 effect is identical in this case with wave beam 503.However, if landform 400 is no longer flat ground,
Such as the movement of vehicle is to go up a slope（Vehicle 310）Or descending（Vehicle 320）In the case where, its wave of the antenna system of the prior art
The greatest irradiation direction of beam 501,502 cannot the targetedly satellite direction aerial towards day, so receiving the intensity meeting of signal
There is apparent reduction, because satellite-signal is received by the minor lobe (gain is smaller) of wave beam 501,502, and due to signal strength
It reduces, further results in the decline of its communication quality.And apply the vehicle of the beam steering antenna system of this embodiment scheme then
There is no this problem, the greatest irradiation direction of the wave beam 511,512 of antenna direction always when vehicle descending and when vehicle driving up
The direction of sky (satellite).This beam steering characteristic can significantly improve signal of the antenna under different terrain conditions and receive
Ability.
Embodiment three
The beam steering antenna system of the present embodiment can be used on satellite 200,210, and the difference with embodiment two is first
The density of liquid 40 is less than the density of second liquid 60, the phase of the relative dielectric constant of the first liquid 40 again smaller than second liquid 60
To dielectric constant, when antenna does with satellite and the movement such as rotates and be displaced, the radiation lobe of antenna can be to below remaining at
The biggish liquid tilt of relative dielectric constant, it is available specified then by being designed with the other same structure of embodiment two
The liquid antenna of the radiation lobe of frequency range always vertically downward.
In addition, the liquid antenna using GRAVITY CONTROL directional diagram in the various embodiments described above（Beam steering antenna system）?
It can be communicated with pseudolite systems such as fixed or mobile ground transmitter/receivers, rather than only and satellite communication.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of liquid antenna using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, including the fluid equipped with participation antenna resonance in inner cavity
Container（30）, it is characterised in that：The feed structure and container of antenna are each attached on carrier, and the container for accommodating fluid is envelope
It closes, the fluid in container intracavity is at least a kind of and the total amount of fluid is fixed and has and remain horizontal liquid
Face, when carrier inclination, so that fluid with feed structure is formed new space opposite for the flowing in container under the effect of gravity for fluid
Position is to make the beam direction of antenna be intended to fixed-direction.
2. the liquid antenna according to claim 1 using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, it is characterised in that：In container
（30）Side be provided with the ground plane connecting with the feed structure of antenna.
3. the liquid antenna according to claim 2 using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, it is characterised in that：Container
（30）, fluid and ground plane constitute the liquid medium resonator motivated by the feed structure of antenna, which is
The radiating element or receiving unit of antenna.
4. described in any item liquid antennas using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, feature exist according to claim 1~3
In：It further include the conductive plate for being fixed on the carrier of antenna and being located at container intracavity side.
5. the liquid antenna according to claim 4 using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, it is characterised in that：Conductive plate
With ground plane（20）For the same part.
6. described in any item liquid antennas using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, feature exist according to claim 1~3
In：The upper surface of fluid is to remain horizontal liquid level.
7. described in any item liquid antennas using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, feature exist according to claim 1~3
In：Fluid includes density difference, contacts with each other but the first immiscible liquid（40）And second liquid（60）, the first liquid
（40）With second liquid（60）Interface composition remain horizontal liquid level；First liquid（40）With second liquid（60）Tool
There is different relative dielectric constants.
8. described in any item liquid antennas using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, feature exist according to claim 1~3
In：Fluid includes one or more kinds of objectionable interminglings, the liquid that density is different and relative dielectric constant is different.
9. the liquid antenna according to claim 8 using GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction, it is characterised in that：Antenna
Feed structure is included out in the gap on conductive plate（70）With with gap（70）The vertically disposed microstrip line of length direction（80）, micro-
Band line（80）Dielectric is separated between conductive plate, the central axis of inner cavity is located at gap（70）With microstrip line（80）Infall
And and gap（70）And microstrip line（80）It is orthogonal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201820390584.1U CN208127412U (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Utilize the liquid antenna of GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820390584.1U CN208127412U (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | Utilize the liquid antenna of GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108281771A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-13 | 太行通信股份有限公司 | The liquid antenna of beam direction is received and dispatched using GRAVITY CONTROL |
| CN110854545A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-28 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency band transfer wave absorber based on mercury expansion with heat and contraction with cold regulation |
| CN112484666A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Phase comparison method angle measurement system and method based on Reedberg atom EIT effect |
| US20240094405A1 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2024-03-21 | Viasat, Inc | Systems and methods for determining orientation of an electronically steerable antenna |
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2018
- 2018-03-22 CN CN201820390584.1U patent/CN208127412U/en active Active
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108281771A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-13 | 太行通信股份有限公司 | The liquid antenna of beam direction is received and dispatched using GRAVITY CONTROL |
| CN110854545A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-02-28 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency band transfer wave absorber based on mercury expansion with heat and contraction with cold regulation |
| CN112484666A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-03-12 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Phase comparison method angle measurement system and method based on Reedberg atom EIT effect |
| CN112484666B (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2021-10-01 | 中国人民解放军国防科技大学 | Phase comparison method angle measurement system and method based on Reedberg atom EIT effect |
| US20240094405A1 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2024-03-21 | Viasat, Inc | Systems and methods for determining orientation of an electronically steerable antenna |
| US11994595B2 (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2024-05-28 | Viasat, Inc. | Systems and methods for determining orientation of an electronically steerable antenna |
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