CN108281771A - The liquid antenna of beam direction is received and dispatched using GRAVITY CONTROL - Google Patents
The liquid antenna of beam direction is received and dispatched using GRAVITY CONTROL Download PDFInfo
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- CN108281771A CN108281771A CN201810238057.3A CN201810238057A CN108281771A CN 108281771 A CN108281771 A CN 108281771A CN 201810238057 A CN201810238057 A CN 201810238057A CN 108281771 A CN108281771 A CN 108281771A
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/364—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith using a particular conducting material, e.g. superconductor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
- H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
- H01Q9/30—Resonant antennas with feed to end of elongated active element, e.g. unipole
Landscapes
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of liquid antennas for receiving and dispatching beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL, belong to communication apparatus design and application field, include container with inner cavity and sets fluid in the lumen, container is fixedly connected with the feed structure of antenna, inner cavity is closed, there is fluid the space stable state fixed structure formed by the constraint of gravity and inner cavity, the beam-oriented direction of antenna to be set by the space stable state fixed structure.The liquid antenna of the present invention, which does not need the actives such as water pump adjustment equipment, can realize wave beam auto-steering function.When for satellite communication, most of satellite communication wave bands can be covered by having（Such as GPS）Extensive communication bandwidth, low section, small, light-weight, can be conformal the features such as, be generally applicable to the application scenarios that a variety of suitable loads to antenna such as aircraft, vehicle, human body local area network, IoT require.
Description
Technical field
The liquid antenna that the present invention relates to a kind of with wave beam auto-steering function belongs to communication apparatus design and application neck
Domain.
Background technology
Phased array with beam steering function（Row）Antenna is widely used to business and military field.In general, this
Kind antenna is rearranged by several antenna elements according to specific pattern, passes through given differential phase shift value, the electricity of this antenna
Sub- phase-shift circuit can guide radiation main lobe to be deflected to assigned direction.United States Patent (USP) US20040008140A1 discloses a kind of logical
The method for realizing phase shift using electronic phase shifting circuit is crossed, electronic phase shifting circuit is mainly analog phase shifter or digital phase shift
Device, wherein analog phase shifter controls the consecutive variations that voltage realizes the phase-shift value within the scope of 0 ° to 360 ° by single analog.Number
Word phase shifter usually requires long number control voltage can only realize shifting by changing each data bit state in signal path
The mutually Discrete Change of value（If three bit digital phase shifters can only realize 45 °, 90 °, 135 °, 180 °, 225 °, 270 °, 315 °, 360 °,
8 different phase shift values）.Analog phase shifter is usually using tuned element（As semiconductor variable capacitance diode, MEMS variodensers or
Tunable capacitor etc.）Construction discloses above-mentioned Electric phase-shift electricity in some existing beam steering antenna designs
The application method on road：Such as《The 12 beam steering low section patch type car antennas with short circuit hole》（A. Pal, A.
Mehta, D. Mirshekar-Syahkal and H. Nakano, A Twelve-Beam Steering Low-Profile
Patch Antenna With Shorting Vias for Vehicular Applications . IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017,65(8):3905~3912）、《Broadband entelechy
Change beam steering aerial array》（C. Liu, S. Xiao, Y. X. Guo, Y. Y. Bai and B. Z. Wang,
Broadband Circularly Polarized Beam-Steering Antenna Array . IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2013,61(3):1475~1479）And United States Patent (USP)
US9590300 B2 etc..Generally speaking, although semiconductor variable capacitance diode can provide quick switching frequency, with frequency
Increase（After such as larger than 10 GHz）, their loss can become larger, although and MEMS variodenser losses are relatively low, they are in power
It performs poor in terms of capacity performance index.Further, since above-mentioned traditional beam steering phased array（Row）Antenna uses relative complex
Electronic phase shifting circuit, in satellite communication field in application, in order to reduce to the maximum extent be subject to come from geostationary orbit
The interference of other upper satellites, the size of this antenna to be done very huge.Therefore with traditional beam steering phased array（Row）
Antenna is compared, if it is possible to be provided a kind of i.e. with traditional beam steering phased arrays such as frequency agility, beam-formings（Row）Antenna
Operating characteristic and the antenna of not traditional disadvantages mentioned above, while existing electronic phase shifting circuit can be also reduced in design scheme
Complexity and cost, will be very competitive.
In recent years, the emerging technical research direction of field of antenna was by fluent material（Such as liquid metal and liquid dielectric）
Applied in antenna.《Foldable extendable inverted cone-shaped liquid metal flat plane antenna》（S. Cheng, Z. Wu, P.
Hallbjörner, K. Hjort, and A. Rydberg, Foldable and stretchable liquid metal
planar inverted cone antenna . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag.,2009,57(12):3765
~3771）Disclose it is a kind of structure and aspect of performance have it is outstanding can hamony liquid metal antenna, this antenna passes through
Mechanically or electrically submethod adjusts liquid structure, and antenna performance is allow to obtain good control in very wide range, and has and can weigh
Working frequency, radiation mode and the polarization performance of structure.From United States Patent (USP) US8169372B1, United States Patent (USP) US7969370B1, U.S.
State patent US9024825B2 and《Can inverse warping can mechanical tuning jet stream antenna》（J.-H. So, et al,
Reversibly deformable and mechanically tunable fluidic antennas . Adv. Funct.
Mater.,2009,19）In can also find the example of the restructural liquid antenna of other.Compared with traditional antenna, liquid material
New antenna mainly has following both sides advantage made of material：a）Electromagnetic property is easy to reconstruct, and emerging and following work
Demand in industry application to antenna restructural, flexible is increasing；b）Suitable load is good, a series of business applications（Such as 5G
Mobile network, human body local area network and IoT）And Military Application（Such as the satellite communication of soldier, ship, aircraft and vehicle）In be also required to
Small, antenna that can be conformal or even transparent.
In addition to liquid metal material, also have liquid dielectric（Such as deionized water, dielectric solvent）It is designed as antenna
Radiating element.For example, water base antenna can be substantially reduced the electric size of antenna compared with conventional metals base antenna, because
The relative dielectric constant of water is about 78, this can reduce the effective wavelength of resonant antenna.The example of some water base antennas can be with
From《Maritime wireless communication efficient sea-water unipole antenna》（C. Hua, Z. Shen, and J. Lu . High-
efficiency sea-water monopole antenna for maritime wireless communications .
IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , 2014,62(12):5968~5973）、《One kind having omnidirectional's cone beam radiation
The transparent water-based paster antenna of broadband low-cost optical of pattern》（J. Sun and K. M. Luk . A Wideband Low
Cost and Optically Transparent Water Patch Antenna With Omnidirectional
Conical Beam Radiation Patterns . IEEE Trans. Antennas Propag. , 2017,65(9):
4478~4485）With《Handheld portable broadband mixes water base antenna》（L. Xing, Y. Huang, Q. Xu, S.
Alja'afreh, T. Liu .A broadband hybrid water antenna for hand-portable
applications . IEEE Antennas Wireless Propag. Lett. , 2015）In find.However, water base day
There is also some disadvantages for line, such as in the inefficiency of high-frequency band（Since dielectric loss tangent value is larger）, temperature dependency and
Volatilization problems etc..
To overcome the above disadvantages, it is also disclosed document and selects some dielectric solvents and design restructural liquid instead of water
Body antenna（Dielectric loss tangent value and freezing point the ratio water of the dielectric solvent of selection are low）, such as《Wideband based on pattern reconfigurable design
Band glass fluid column medium resonator antenna》（Z. Chen and H. Wong .Wideband Glass and Liquid
Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Pattern Reconfigurable Design .
IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017,65(5):2157~2164）With《Have
The liquid medium resonant aerial of circular polarisation reconstruction property》（Z. Chen and H. Wong . Liquid Dielectric
Resonator Antenna with Circular Polarization Reconfigurability . IEEE
Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 2017, DOI:10.1109/TAP.2017.2762005）
Described in antenna scheme be exactly using dielectric solvent design liquid medium resonant aerial.《It sets based on pattern is restructural
The broadband glass fluid column medium resonator antenna of meter》In propose a kind of restructural medium resonator antenna (DRA)
Realize the reconstruct of radiation mode, its dielectric resonator（DRA）With two regions of interior zone and outer layer region, interior zone
It is by K9 glass（εr=6.85）The solid cylinder of making, outer layer region are filled with dielectric solvent --- ethyl acetate（εr=
7.1）；Interior zone and outer layer region, which are all put into the hydrostatic column that one is manufactured by 3D printing technique to be formed, internal to be had
The dielectric resonator of liquid, and encouraged by a coaxial feed probes；Hydrostatic column is connected with pump, when pump is by ethyl acetate
When extraction, DRA inner glass part is operated in the HEM of topside excitation11Pattern, and after ethyl acetate is pumped by pump, the column of recombination
Shape DRA is operated in new taper TM01Pattern.《Liquid medium resonant aerial with circular polarisation reconstruction property》In propose
One kind having the liquid medium resonant aerial of Circular Polarisation (CP) reconstruction property, the liquid of the structure liquid medium resonator
Body is ethyl acetate（εr=6.6）, it and is encouraged by the containers hold of 3D printing by monopole feed probe；In order to realize circular polarisation
Reconstruct, left and right two regions of the Vessel Design allow antenna to switch between two different states, when liquid quilt
When being injected into left area, the circular polarisation of left hand rotation direction may be implemented in it, and if liquid is pumped into right area, so that it may to obtain the right hand
The circular polarisation of rotation direction；The reconstruct of circular polarisation is obtained by the flowing of pump control ethyl acetate.These restructural liquid antennas
All it is to realize the liquid medium resonator being made of dielectric solvent by pumping the amount of liquid in the one or more regions of adjusting
Reconstruct, include the reconstruct of the shape of liquid medium resonator and feed structure to the energisation mode of liquid medium resonator, from
And antenna is made to realize the adjustment between different radiation modes.When these antenna is operated in 5 GHz, there can be relatively high total effect
Rate.But this liquid antenna based on dielectric solvent still has problem, for example, most of dielectric solvents are inflammable easily to wave
Hair, this just needs to find the more stable fluent material of physical and chemical performance to solve the problems, such as this.
In addition, existing restructural liquid antenna is mainly based upon water pump system control liquid flowing to adjust the knot of liquid
Structure.Water pump itself needs an additional power supply, it is also desirable to an installation space be arranged on antenna.And many applied fields
Scape in addition to require antenna can receive more communication bands and with the channel width of bigger other than, also require antenna volume enough
It is small, light enough, it can be conformal.For example some antennas need people（Such as soldier）It is installed on vehicle to carry or need.United States Patent (USP)
US20140247194, United States Patent (USP) US7071879B2 and United States Patent (USP) US7126539B2 disclose some and adapt to vehicle movement
Car antenna design scheme, these schemes may be implemented six-freedom motion and along axis translate, this explanation people carry, it is vehicle-mounted
Field of antenna is implicitly present in such need.In the prior art liquid can be passively realized without any relevant design without pump
The beam steering function of body antenna.
Chinese patent CN206259487U discloses a kind of controllable antenna of liquid mixing cavate, which has hollow cavity
Body simultaneously connects feed end, is marked with liquid in hollow cavity, and feed end includes coaxial fitting, microwave-medium substrate and is set to microwave
Metal below medium substrate（Also ground plane, earth plate are）, antenna is set to above microwave-medium substrate, and coaxial fitting is worn
With crossing microwave-medium substrate and metal and equipped with the probe with inner antenna fluid connection；The antenna includes that outer chamber and setting exist
Inner chamber body inside outer chamber, is additionally provided with the adjustable column through outer chamber and inner chamber body lower end through-hole, and outer chamber and inner chamber body are
Concentric cylinder configuration, probe is in inner chamber body center location；The liquid that the antenna passes through adjusting inner chamber body and outer chamber（Including mixing
Liquid）Height realize adjust radiation lobe of antenna and impedance matching function.This antenna needs to adjust inner chamber body and exocoel
The height of body realizes the reconstruct of antenna performance, and liquid form can change when antenna tilt, and antenna performance cannot be kept.
Traditional electron beam turns to（Beam-forming）The work step of antenna system is as follows：1）Firstly, it is necessary to a control
Device processed receives following one or more relevant information：Six axis gyroscope information of object is connected to each other receipts signal strength information
(RSSI), direction of travel, the anticipated orientation of communication and unexpected direction；2）When detect six axis gyroscope information of object and
When the variation of RSSI（It is realized by detector）, controller handles information according to beam-shaping and steer arithmetic, to determine antenna
The phase excitation of array element, then, controller output a signal to phase and amplitude control circuit, and bay is correspondingly arranged
Phase excitation；3）Finally, beam steering control is carried out to bay（It is realized by phase-shift circuit）, so that RSSI is maximized, from
And improve communication quality.It is obvious that the function of traditional electron beam position controlled rotary antenna system needs complicated huge controller, detection
Device and phase-shift circuit are realized by three rate-determining steps, simultaneously as controller, detector and phase-shift circuit etc. are wanted
It asks, the cost of the system is higher.
Invention content
The present invention wishes that the technical issues of solving is to provide one kind and not needing the actives such as water pump adjustment equipment and can realize
The liquid antenna of wave beam auto-steering function, this liquid antenna is mounted on mobile carrier, no matter how carrier tilts,
Liquid antenna can emit to fixed direction or receive electromagnetic signal, it is to have that most of satellite communication waves can be covered
Section（Such as GPS）Extensive communication bandwidth, and there is low section, small, light-weight, can be conformal the features such as adapts to aircraft, vehicle
, human body local area network, IoT etc. are a variety of the application scenarios that suitable load requires to antenna.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is：
A kind of liquid antenna for receiving and dispatching beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL, including equipped with the fluid for participating in antenna resonance in inner cavity
Container, the feed structure and container of antenna are each attached on carrier, and the container for accommodating fluid is closed, in container intracavity
Fluid is at least a kind of and total amount of fluid is fixed and with horizontal liquid level is remained, flowed when carrier tilts
Flowing makes fluid form new relative space position with feed structure to make the wave of antenna to body in container under the effect of gravity
Shu Fangxiang is intended to fixed-direction.
Technical solution of the present invention further improvement lies in that：It is provided in the side of container and is connect with the feed structure of antenna
Ground plane.
Technical solution of the present invention further improvement lies in that：Container, fluid and ground plane constitute the feed structure by antenna
The liquid medium resonator of excitation, the liquid medium resonator are the radiating element or receiving unit of antenna.
The technology of the present invention said program further improvement lies in that：Further include being fixed on the carrier of antenna and positioned at appearance
The conductive plate of device inner cavity side.
Technical solution of the present invention further improvement lies in that：Conductive plate is the same part with ground plane.
Technical solution of the present invention further improvement lies in that：The upper surface of fluid is to remain horizontal liquid level.
Technical solution of the present invention further improvement lies in that：Fluid includes that density is different, contacts with each other but immiscible
The interface composition of first liquid and second liquid, the first liquid and second liquid remains horizontal liquid level；First liquid
There is different relative dielectric constants from second liquid.
The technology of the present invention said program further improvement lies in that：Fluid includes one or more kinds of objectionable interminglings, close
The liquid that degree is different and relative dielectric constant is different.
Technical solution of the present invention further improvement lies in that：The feed structure of antenna include out on conductive plate gap and
With the vertically disposed microstrip line in gap length direction, dielectric, the center axle position of inner cavity are separated between microstrip line and conductive plate
In gap and the infall of microstrip line and orthogonal with gap and microstrip line.
By adopting the above-described technical solution, the technological progress that the present invention obtains is：
The a kind of of the present invention receives and dispatches beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL（It is embodied in the control to antenna radiation pattern）Liquid antenna,
Complicated aerial array is not needed and electronics phase-shift circuit does not need testing pump liquid structure and can realize antenna wave again
Beam auto-steering function.More specifically, the wave beam auto-steering function of liquid antenna disclosed in the present application is by making closing
In gravity the movement of " the new stable state of stable state-" occurs for the fluid in container intracavity to realize, no matter the angle of antenna occurs
What kind of variation, antenna can emit to fixed direction and receive electromagnetic signal in this direction.Therefore, in the present invention
The liquid antenna of offer realizes real passive type（Electric power is not needed）Beam steering, this and existing beam steering antenna
Array is compared has apparent advantage in terms of cost, compactedness and terseness.
In Antenna Design, pass through the structure design to feed structure, ground plane and closed inner cavity in antenna, limitation stream
It closes the upper and lower position that each constituent is determined according to density size in the angle or fluid of shape, fluid level and horizontal plane
One or more characteristic of the fluids such as system makes fluid have space stable state fixed structure, utilizes this sky formed by gravity
Metastable state fixed structure sets the orientation direction of antenna beam, so that antenna is eliminated complicated for acquiring six axis gyroscopes, row
Controller into information such as directions and the detector for detection information variation.Simultaneously by feed structure in antenna, connect
The structure design on stratum and closed inner cavity stores one or more kinds of fluids in container, when the carrying of carrying antenna
When the change in location such as object run-off the straight, fluid in container under the effect of gravity can in container intracavity shift position, in container
Fluid respective container, the feed structure of antenna, the position of ground plane can form a kind of varistructure of antenna, the stream in container
Body can also have a horizontal liquid level always under the effect of gravity, fluid levels liquid level respective container, the feed structure of antenna, ground plane
Angle can also form the varistructure of another antenna, and antenna can be adjusted using these varistructures that can be adjusted by gravity
Beam direction makes antenna eliminate complicated electronic phase shifting circuit.On this basis, fluid itself is used as liquid medium resonator
With the resonant element of antenna（That is oscillator is the radiating element or receiving unit of antenna）A part to participate in antenna electromagnetism special
Property reconstruct in, rather than as just setting beam-oriented direction and adjust beam direction structural adjusting factor（As only
The antenna oscillator that floating is arranged on fluid level realizes beam-forming）, to further simplify the structure of antenna.In conjunction with
Above-mentioned 3 points, and due to realizing that the reconstruct of liquid antenna is not required to extra power or pumping system using gravity, make the liquid of the present invention
Body antenna can have again while positioning transceiving signal may be implemented low section, it is small, light-weight, can be conformal etc. spies
Point.
It is proposed by the present invention using GRAVITY CONTROL receive and dispatch beam direction the most important feature of liquid antenna be：When carrying sheet
When the carrier of the liquid antenna of invention occurs movement and tilts（When guidance axis changes）, liquid antenna run-off the straight, appearance
Under the effect of gravity, fluid moves fluid in device in container, and fluid is made to remain horizontal liquid level, the feed of antenna
The relative position of the relative position and horizontal liquid level of structure and fluid changes therewith, and the present invention causes liquid using gravity
The movement of body perceives beam steering condition to realize, it is not necessary to a large amount of gyro is acquired and handled using controller, detector
The antenna parameters such as instrument information and RSSI.When this liquid antenna be mounted on various carriers on after, container, feed structure and/or
The opposite carrying object location of ground plane is fixed, when carrier run-off the straight or rotation, the direction of feed structure, the side of ground plane
The spaces stable states such as position, the shape of liquid for changing to the spatial position of, container, and being now placed in container intracavity are solid
Determine structure respective container, feed structure and/or ground plane can change automatically under the effect of gravity, these liquid are as antenna
Dielectric resonator a part, so that the beam direction of antenna is not changed because aerial angle changes and is made the wave beam side of antenna
The change big to generation, and beam direction is made to be intended to fixed direction, and by the design to container outer profile and inner cavity, make
Antenna beam direction is directed toward some horizontal or vertical fixed-direction, and realizes auto-steering, and therefore, the present invention does not need large size
Aerial array and electronics phase-shift circuit.To sum up, liquid antenna of the present invention is realizing wave beam auto-steering function
Also have that size is small, advantage simple in structure and low-cost simultaneously.
A kind of concrete structure of the present invention is the inner cavity of container and container to be designed to spherical shape, and filled out in spherical vessel
Segment fluid flow is filled, feed structure and ground plane respective container are fixed.This structured liquids antenna of the present invention can be directed to level
Direction positioning transceiving signal.A kind of concrete structure of the present invention is that the inner cavity of container and container is designed to cylinder, in circle
The fluid of two kinds of different densities of cylindrical container lumen loading, different relative dielectric constants（Both fluids are interior full of container
Chamber）, also respective container is fixed for feed structure and ground plane, and this structured liquids antenna of the invention can be fixed for vertical direction
To receiving and transmitting signal.Meanwhile container is molding using facilitating（Such as direct 3D printing is cast by 3D printing mold）Plastics or
The isolation materials such as glass.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is directional transmissions and receives the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of horizontal beam signal, and ground plane is in figure
Horizontal position；
Radiation lobe figure when Fig. 2 is antenna present position shown in Fig. 1；
Fig. 3 is directional transmissions and receives the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of horizontal beam signal, and antenna is with respect to the positions Fig. 1 in figure
90 ° of rotations have occurred, ground plane relative level is in vertical position；
Fig. 4 is radiation lobe figure when antenna is in position shown in Fig. 3；
Fig. 5 is directional transmissions and receives the S parameter of the liquid antenna of horizontal beam signal（Reflectance factor）Simulated experiment number
According to；
Fig. 6 is directional transmissions and receives the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of vertical beam signal, and ground plane is in level in figure
Position；
Fig. 7 is directional transmissions and receives the feed structure schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of vertical beam signal；
Fig. 8 is directional transmissions and receives the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of vertical beam signal, and antenna is with respect to the positions Fig. 6 in figure
45 ° of rotations, ground plane and horizontal plane obliquity at 45 ° has occurred；
Fig. 9 is directional transmissions and receives the structural schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of vertical beam signal, and antenna is with respect to the positions Fig. 6 in figure
90 ° of rotations have occurred, ground plane is with horizontal plane at upright position；
Figure 10 is that antenna present position shown in Fig. 6 i.e. ground plane is horizontal（Ground plane pitch angle is 0 °）When antenna spoke
Penetrate lobe pattern；
Radiation lobe figure when Figure 11 is 30 ° of the ground plane pitching overturning angle of antenna shown in Fig. 6；
Radiation lobe figure when Figure 12 is -30 ° of the ground plane pitching overturning angle of antenna shown in Fig. 6；
Figure 13 is directional transmissions and receives the S parameter of the liquid antenna of vertical beam signal（Reflectance factor）Simulated experiment number
According to；
Figure 14 is directional transmissions and receives the application scenarios schematic diagram of the liquid antenna of vertical beam signal；
Wherein, 20, ground plane, 30, container, the 40, first liquid, 50, feed probes, 60, second liquid, 70, gap, 80, micro-
Band line.
Specific implementation mode
The invention discloses a kind of liquid antenna for receiving and dispatching beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL, antenna is mounted on and can move
Carrier on, carrier includes aircraft, the human body etc. for needing to install antenna, can also include antenna pedestal, antenna holder etc..Liquid
Body antenna includes the container 30 for having inner cavity, and equipped at least one fluid in the inner cavity of container, the side of container is equipped with day
The feed structure of line.The inner cavity of container is closed, and it is separate interior that more than one can also be arranged in a same vessel
The total amount of chamber, the fluid in each inner cavity is fixed.
Fluid in container intracavity has the space stable state fixed structure formed by the constraint of gravity and inner cavity, the space steady
State fixed structure refers to fluid not with vessel space change in location（Including rotation or displacement）And the various characteristic knots changed
Structure is that fluid is reached the diacritic structure embodied after balance, stream by various power such as gravity, buoyancy, container holding powers simultaneously
Even if body caused by container lean, rotation or movement after by disturbing, these characteristic structures remain able to pass through stream
The flowing of body under the effect of gravity retrieves recovery, it includes mainly one of following structures or combines：1）The shape of fluid（Such as
The fluid of underfill ball-type inner cavity is because gravity and cavity shape limit, and no matter how container intracavity rotates, and fluid is static
Shape afterwards remains spheroid）, 2）The liquid level of fluid top or inside, 3）In fluid and inner cavity other parts or
Fluid itself respectively forms partially due to the overlying relation that density difference is formed in the lumen under the effect of gravity.It is set in antenna
Timing, by making fluid that there is the constraint shape by gravity and inner cavity the limitation of cavity shape, fluid loading, fluid composition etc.
At space stable state fixed structure.Fluid space stable state fixed structure change the then effective lobe of wave beam of antenna direction just
It changes, fluid space stable state fixed structure does not change or not the effective lobe directions of wave beam of antenna.
On the basis of fluid has space stable state fixed structure, antenna is set by fluid space stable state fixed structure
Beam-oriented direction.After the feed structure of container, antenna is with the carrier movement generation spatial position change of antenna in the present invention,
Position or shape of the fluid in container intracavity, the space stable state fixed structure of fluid and container, antenna feed structure between
Position relationship can also change, can shape to the directional diagram of antenna after these positions or shape and position relationship change
At correction, directional diagram is made to be held essentially constant, so that the effective lobe directions of the wave beam of antenna is not tilted with the carrier of antenna and occur
Change, the beam-oriented direction of antenna is directed toward identical direction always.
The present invention can be by container, fluid directly as the resonator between free space and the feed structure of antenna, this
Kind resonator meets the structural requirement and moving law of liquid medium resonator, and the operation principle using liquid medium resonator is straight
It connects using fluid as the primary resonance component of antenna（I.e. as the radiating element of antenna or receiving unit）, when holding for carrying antenna
When mobile or deflection occurs for loading, the position of container and the feed structure being connected with container holds as carrier deflects
Fluid in device flows in container under the effect of gravity, and the position relationship of feed structure and fluid changes so that container,
Fluid, antenna feed structure between structure and operating mode reconstruct, so that the beam direction of the receiving and transmitting signal of antenna is protected
It holds constant（As directional diagram is in horizontality always）.
The ground plane being fixedly connected with the feed structure of antenna, i.e. one in container can also be added in the present invention in antennas
Ground plane is arranged in side, container, fluid and ground plane directly as the resonator between free space and the feed structure of antenna, this
Kind resonator meets the structural requirement and moving law of the liquid medium resonator with ground plane, humorous using this liquid medium
Shake device operation principle directly using fluid as the primary resonance component of antenna（It is i.e. single as the radiating element of antenna or reception
Member）, when carrying the carrier run-off the straight of antenna, the position of container and the feed structure being connected with container is with carrier
Run-off the straight, the fluid in container flow in container under the effect of gravity, and the position relationship of feed structure and fluid becomes
Change, fluid and container, ground plane, antenna feed structure between structure and operating mode reconstruct, make the transmitting-receiving of antenna
The beam direction of signal remains unchanged（As directional diagram is in plumbness always）.
The total amount of fluid in inner cavity can be limited to fixed value by fluid as the crucial resonance section in antenna, without
The total amount that fluid in inner cavity is adjusted by external equipments such as pump, valves, is further simplified the knot of aforesaid liquid medium resonator antenna
Structure.Preferably, the total volume of fluid is more than the 50% of cavity volume.
It is briefly described as follows space stable state fixed structure and liquid medium resonant aerial that how the present invention utilizes fluid
The beam-oriented direction of operation principle fixed antenna：
Primary resonance component of the fluid in the closed inner cavity of container as antenna is set（I.e. as the radiating element of antenna or
Receiving unit）, fluid forms space stable state fixed structure in container intracavity under the effect of gravity, while container, antenna are fed
Structure etc. forms varistructure again between fixed components and fluid；The space stable state fixed structure that fluid is formed is for setting antenna
Beam-oriented direction（The main lobe of directional aerial finishes in the present invention in Antenna Construction Design towards having specified anticipated orientation
Afterwards, this anticipated orientation has just obtained fixation, hereon referred to as beam-oriented direction）, the varistructure of antenna is for adjusting antenna
The varistructure of actual beam direction, this antenna changes under the effect of gravity, and makes the beam direction of antenna to wave
Beam orientation direction approaches.
The feed structure of inventive antenna can be that monopole probes feed, microband paste feed, microstrip gap feed etc. are each
Kind feed structure；The present invention can have ground plane and be fixedly connected with participation resonance with feed structure；Fluid can be single object
Matter can also be many kinds of substance composition, and fluid, which has to flow under the effect of gravity and be restored to original space stable state, to be fixed
The characteristic of structure.The space stable state fixed structure that fluid is formed in the lumen under the effect of gravity includes fluid since gravity influences
The space structure remained unchanged under any stationary state formed, such as：The big substance of density is always positioned at container in fluid
Lower part, the small substance of density are in the top of container always, and the liquid level of fluid is parallel to horizontal plane or fluid because attaching most importance to always
Force effect can be conformal with lumen portion or entirety.The varistructure of antenna include when fluid is disturbed fluid in gravity
The change of structure or position that fluid respective container after stationary state, antenna feed structure and/or ground plane occur is come back to,
Such as：When container run-off the straight, fluid above the fixed components such as container, antenna feed structure from becoming side, fluid
Liquid level and the angles of the fixed components such as container, antenna feed structure become other angles from 0o.
The method of the space stable state fixed structure of fluid is set including at least following several（But it is not limited to following methods）：One
It is to note segment fluid flow in the closing inner chamber of spherical vessel（The volume of fluid is such as injected the 80% of vessel volume）, no matter container
How to shift one's position, due to gravity, the shape of fluid is radius and the constant spheroid of height always, and spheroid is flat
Face part is parallel with horizontal plane always.Second is that intracavitary fills 100% fluid in cylindrical hermetic, no matter how seal chamber becomes
Change place, the shape of fluid are the cylinder consistent with closing inner chamber always.Third, intracavitary injects two kinds in cylindrical hermetic
Or three kinds of fluids, two or three of fluid are full of the inner cavity of hydrostatic column, fluid can be one third water according to volume ratio
The composition of proportions of silver, one third water and one third soybean oil, then no matter how container shifts one's position, mercury, water and big
The fluid that soya-bean oil is constituted remains cylindrical, and when fluid is in stable state on gravity direction from top to bottom always successively
For soybean oil, water and mercury.
The varistructure of antenna can be arranged by following several methods（But it is not limited to following methods）：First method is
The metal probe being fixedly connected with container is set on the outside of spherical vessel（Metal probe is an a kind of part for feed structure）Or
Ground plane is marked with segment fluid flow in the sealed internal chamber of spherical vessel（The volume of fluid is such as injected the 60% of vessel volume）, work as appearance
When device is rotated or tilted as carrier moves, fluid moves downwards in container intracavity, metal probe or ground connection
The position of layer fluid relative can change（But the shape of fluid remains original shape under the constraint of container intracavity）.
Second method is that the metal plate being fixedly connected with a bottom cylindrical face of container is arranged on the outside of cylindrical container（Metallic plate
Can be a part either ground plane of feed structure, it can also be only as the reflecting surface of aerial signal）, in cylindrical seal
Inner cavity in be marked with water and soybean oil（Water and soybean oil can respectively account for 50%）, one is formed between water and soybean oil in the lumen
Horizontal liquid level, with the rotation of container, the corner dimension of liquid level and metal plate between water and soybean oil and direction can all be sent out
Changing（But fluid, under the limitation of container intracavity, flow profile is always cylindrical）.The third method is in metal plate
（Metallic plate can be a part either ground plane of feed structure）Each side fix the identical container of a volume, two
A closing inner chamber makes two containers form whole big closing inner chamber by conduit connection, and half is marked in big closing inner chamber
The fluid that water and the soybean oil of half are constituted, when left side inner cavity is less than right side inner cavity, water is entirely located on the left of metal plate, when
When left side inner cavity is higher than right side inner cavity, water is entirely located on the right side of metal plate, and water is different with soybean oil relative dielectric constant, they
After the position of opposing metallic tablet changes, the distribution of antenna lobe is made to change（But water and soybean oil are in big closing chamber
Interior overlying relation is thick-and-thin）.
Therefore, the present invention is primary resonance component of the fluid as antenna that will include at least one liquid dielectric, and
Fluid is connect with feed structure, antenna beam orientation direction is set by the space stable state fixed structure of fluid, utilizes antenna
Varistructure adjust wave beam lobe shape and maximum direction（That is beam direction）, form liquid medium resonant aerial（That is liquid
Body antenna）.
Liquid antenna should include the container 30 made by insulating materials, with the fluid for remaining horizontal liquid level, also
There can be the conductive plate positioned at 30 side of container.Conductive plate can be used as ground plane to participate in resonance, can also be as the anti-of antenna
It penetrates plate and reinforces signal.The container 30 and fluid for wrapping up fluid participate in resonance jointly, and container 30 can select relative dielectric constant big
In 1 and dielectric loss tangent value be less than 1 isolation material, such as glass or plastics, if it is tradition such as plastics so PVC, acrylics
Material or some new materials of suitable 3D printing can be applicable in, can be as possible in order to simplify the calculating of resonance relevant parameter
Chamber wall is done thin, makes it influence to reduce on resonance, but can also reach more preferable by the special designing to chamber wall and shape
Effect, it is only necessary to while considering Jie such as material distribution, shape, size and the relative dielectric constant of container, dielectric loss tangent value
The influence of electrical parameter.The fluid for constituting liquid medium resonator includes at least a kind of dielectric loss tangent value（It is expressed as tg δ）It is small
In 1 liquid dielectric, including deionized water（For example, selecting relative dielectric constant εr=78, the deionized water of δ=0.1 tg）、
Dielectric solvent or organic ion liquid.Several common dielectric solvents also are used as constituting liquid antenna of the present invention
Liquid medium resonator, such as ethyl acetate（εr=6）And acetonitrile（εr=38）With dielectric loss tangent value more lower than deionized water
（tgδ<0.02）With lower freezing point（Less than -65 DEG C）.If constituting liquid medium resonator using above-mentioned dielectric solvent,
Liquid antenna can obtain higher radiation efficiency and broader operating temperature range.In addition to deionized water and dielectric solvent, have
Machine ionic liquid is equally applicable to liquid antenna of the present invention.Since many organic ion liquid may have lower dielectric loss
（Measurement index is the size of dielectric loss tangent value）And remain liquid in the temperature range of bigger（For example, choline L-PROLINE
δ≤0.001 tg, the oC of freezing point≤- 80, boiling point >=200oC）.Liquid medium resonator is constituted using organic ion liquid, may be used also
So that liquid medium resonator has thermal stability, evaporation air pressure, electrical conductance, electrochemical window, liquid crystal structure, thermal capacity and not
The advantages characteristic of inflammability etc..
How to provide one kind in order to further illustrate the present invention has the passive turning function of wave beam, broadband covering, preferably holds
Carry, liquid antenna that can be conformal, be provided below with the specific embodiment of detail parameters, new feature of the invention, advantage and its
He can also obtain benefit in conjunction with following specific examples：
Embodiment one
As shown in Figure 1, the present embodiment is a kind of liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception horizontal beam signal, it is a kind of ball-type liquid
Body antenna, including fluid, shape are in thin-walled pressure vessel 30, the ground plane 20 of ball-type（It is also conductive plate）.Container, ground plane 20, day
It is fixedly connected between the feed structure of line, the carrier of antenna.Container 30 has closed ball-type inner cavity and ball-type outer profile, holds
Fluid is partially filled in the inner cavity of device 30（The volume of fluid accounts for the 50%~70% of cavity volume, and the present embodiment is preferably 65%）,
Fluid is all made of the first liquid 40（Fluid can also include plurality of liquid, and the present embodiment is simplified model, and preferably one
Kind）, there is the space not being filled with a fluid above container, the interface composition of the space and fluid remains horizontal liquid level,
Fluid forms the spheroid for reaming a spherical crown.The present embodiment can realize the beam-forming in horizontal direction（Auto-steering）Work(
Energy：When ground plane 20 is parallel to horizontal plane（As shown in Figure 1）, the present embodiment is operated in spheroid（quasi-ball）Medium is humorous
Shake device antenna（DRA）TM01Pattern, radiation lobe figure as shown in Fig. 2, be omnidirectional radiation lobe in the horizontal direction, but
In sighted direction（Antenna sighted direction is the direction of antenna guidance axis in space, the i.e. direction of deflection θ=0 °, the present embodiment
Middle sighted direction is by 20 geometric center of ground plane and to be directed toward container 30 and the vector direction vertical with ground plane 20, Fig. 1, figure
Z-direction in 2）Radiationless lobe；When ground plane 20 is inclined relative to horizontal 90 ° as shown in Figure 3, sighted direction and water
Plane is parallel, and the present embodiment is operated in the HEM of spheroid medium resonator antenna11Pattern, radiation lobe figure as shown in figure 4,
It is an one-way radiation pattern in sighted direction for greatest irradiation direction；Above two border condition and other the case where
Under, no matter how ground plane 20 tilts or rotates with the carrier of antenna, and the liquid medium resonator of flowing will always remain in appearance
The bottom of 30 inner cavity of device, and ball-type liquid antenna all has the radiation main lobe for being directed parallel to horizontal plane always.
In Fig. 1, the present embodiment container 30 is the low dielectric loss material that a use relative dielectric constant is 2.5~4.5（Such as
The plastics such as PVC, acrylic or glass）The thin-walled Spherical Seals container of making, container are fixed on the geometry of 20 side of ground plane
On center, container changes with 20 change in location of ground plane.Fluid, feed knot are partially filled in the inner cavity of the container 30 of ball-type
Structure is the probe feed system for including feed probes 50, and feed probes directly use the center conductor of 50 ohm coaxial cable of standard
（It can also be connect with the center conductor of 50 ohm coaxial cable of standard by plug using independent feed probes）.Feed probes
50 pass through from 20 geometric center of ground plane and are inserted into the inner cavity of container 30.The axially-extending line of feed probes is directed toward container ball
The heart, the fluid in container participate in resonance as a part for liquid medium resonator.
The ground plane 20 of the present embodiment container side can it is preferable to use one piece of square type Metal thin plate, the square sheet metals
Can be used as conductive plate with reflected beam, while the square sheet metal connect with feed structure and as the ground plane of antenna
20,50 ohm coaxial cable outer contact of standard or shielded layer as feed probes are connect with ground plane 20, square gold
Metal thin plate also assists in resonance.The first liquid 40 for forming fluid can be any low dielectric loss liquid（As deionized water, dielectric are molten
Agent, organic ion liquid）, fluid keeps such as Fig. 1 or shown in Fig. 3 spheroids in the inner cavity of container 30, because liquid is in weight
Mobility under force effect, the liquid level of fluid（That is the section of spheroid in Fig. 1）Be not with the shape of ground plane 20 or container 30,
Angle or change in location and remain above fluid and horizontal liquid level, be known as the first liquid level in the present invention.The present embodiment
Antenna is fixed on carrier when use, ground plane 20 changes level angle with the movement of carrier, when ground plane 20 with
When horizontal plane is parallel, TM is operated in by feed structure excitation in the first liquid 40 of spheroid01Pattern.Pass through the first liquid 40
Relative dielectric constant（εr）The resonant frequency of the liquid medium resonator structure can be calculated with spheroid radius.Such case
Under, radiation lobe figure that the quarter-wave dipole antenna of the present embodiment and vertical level is generated（That is directional diagram）
Identical, which is monopole type radiation mode.In addition, the fields e and h distributions in liquid antenna also with vertical level
Quarter-wave dipole antenna the fields e it is identical with h near fields.At this point, the radiation zero of the antenna is in θ=0 °
（The angles THETA in antenna theory, i.e., deflection above）Position, and greatest irradiation field be omnidirectional covering horizontal plane
（XOZ and YOZ planes）.
When ground plane 20 is perpendicular to horizontal plane, as shown in figure 3, the radiation mode of the present embodiment changes into unidirectional mode.
In Fig. 3, ground plane 20 is rotated to the position that angle with horizontal plane is 90 ° in XOZ planes, due to gravity fluid
Automatic flowing is to the lower part of container intracavity.In this case, feed probes 50 be located in spheroid fluid edge without
It is the symmetrical overlapping of axles with fluid again, this feeding classification makes the spheroid liquid medium resonator works that fluid is constituted in HEM11
Pattern.The radiation mode of liquid antenna is unidirectional at this time, as shown in figure 4, its greatest irradiation direction is located at feed probes 50
Sighted direction is still parallel to horizontal plane.Therefore, the liquid antenna of the present embodiment, either horizontal positioned or slant setting,
Greatest irradiation direction is always all in the horizontal direction.
Fig. 5 is the simulated reflections coefficient figure of liquid antenna in above-described embodiment, and the specific design parameter of antenna is as follows：
Ground plane 20 is the sheet metal that specification is 100 × 100 × 1mm, and the radius of 30 inner cavity of container is 20mm, feed probes 50
The length for being inserted into inner cavity is 5mm, and the first liquid-filled percentage is 65%, and the material of the first liquid is acetonitrile（εr=38, tg δ<
0.02）.
From figure 5 it can be seen that reflectance factor S of the present embodiment in 1.56~1.7GHz and 2.17~2.39GHz wave bands11
Respectively less than -10dB.The lower resonance band of the present embodiment（The lower resonant band）It is to be operated in spheroid liquid medium
The TM of resonator structure01And HEM11Pattern.In general, each design parameter, structural parameters and fluent material can be in the present embodiment
It is modified according to the requirement of any concrete application scene, to cover other frequency ranges.
Embodiment two
The present embodiment is a kind of liquid antenna of directional transmissions and reception vertical beam signal, is a kind of cylindrical type liquid antenna,
It is not by different relative dielectric constants and not in 30 closed inner cavity of container as shown in fig. 6, include a thin walled cylindrical container 30
With the fluid of density and mutual exclusive first liquid 40 and second liquid 60 composition（The fluid of the present embodiment should include two kinds with
Going up has different densities and mutual exclusive liquid, and the smaller liquid of density should have larger opposite dielectric normal in these liquid
Number is simplified model, it is preferred that the fluid of the present embodiment is only made of two kinds of liquid）, conduction is fixed in 30 side of container
Plate, conductive plate are fixedly connected with feed structure, and conductive plate participates in resonance as the ground plane 20 of antenna, and container 30 has cylinder
Outer profile and inner cavity, the fluid filled in inner cavity are made of the first liquid 40 and second liquid 60, and fluid is complete full of container 30
Portion's cylindrical cavity.The density of first liquid 40 is less than the density of second liquid 60, and the relative dielectric constant of the first liquid 40 is big
In the relative dielectric constant of second liquid 60, the present embodiment may be implemented in vertical direction（It is pointed into the sky by ground）Wave beam it is fixed
To function：When ground plane 20 is parallel with horizontal plane（As shown in Figure 6）, the lobe pattern of the present embodiment refers to the list in heavenwards direction
To radiation mode（As shown in Figure 10）；And when ground plane 20 tilts -90 to 90 ° of unspecified angle in the horizontal plane, also can
Realize inclined one-way radiation pattern（As is illustrated by figs. 11 and 12）, greatest irradiation direction is still orthogonal with horizontal plane and is directed toward day
Short side to.It can realize that the principle that orientation is directed toward vertical direction is that the first smaller liquid 40 of density begins due to gravity
Be maintained at the top of container 30 eventually, and it relative dielectric constant specific density it is larger second liquid it is big, radiation beam at this time
It can be to supernatant liquid（First liquid）Direction tilt, therefore, regardless of liquid antenna tilts or rotates, wave beam will always
Tend to the direction orthogonal with level ground.
The present embodiment is distinguished as with embodiment one, and the present embodiment refers to the unidirectional antenna in heavenwards direction, the present embodiment
In container 30 be cylinder, lumen loading the first liquid 40 and second liquid 60 two kinds of liquid.First liquid 40 position always
In container intracavity upper layer, second liquid 60 is always positioned at the lower layer of container, and the density of the first liquid 40 is less than second liquid 60
Density, the relative dielectric constant of the first liquid 40 are more than the relative dielectric constant of second liquid 60, the first liquid 40 and the second liquid
Between body 60 because contact with each other and objectionable intermingling to formed one remain horizontal liquid level.The feed structure of the present embodiment
The microstrip gap feed structure for including gap 70 and microstrip line 80 has been used, as shown in Fig. 7, ground plane 20 as antenna
Conductive plate is integrally fixed at pcb board（Can also be other flexible, easily conformal, can be used as dielectric plates or film, the present embodiment
It designs a model for simplification, preferably common pcb board is antenna carrier and chooses design parameter）On square metal thin plate（Thin plate
Can also be other electrically conductive materials such as polar organic material, soft graphite, technique for fixing can be applied erosion or paste etc.）,
It is opened there are one rectangular aperture 70 in the geometric center of ground plane 20,50 ohm microstrips 80 of standard are printed by PCB technology
In ground plane 20 in the following, wherein 70 length direction of gap is orthogonal with microstrip line 80, the axle center of container 30 is located at the seam of ground plane 20
On the crosspoint of gap 70 and microstrip line 80, i.e., the central shaft of container intracavity be located at gap 70 and microstrip line 80 infall and with seam
Gap 70 and microstrip line 80 are orthogonal.Microstrip line 80 and ground plane 20 by PCB base material（Such as FR-4）It separates, the opposite dielectric of base material is normal
For number between 1.5 and 6.5, base material plate thickness, for different base materials, can change microstrip line 80 between 0.3 to 2.5 millimeters
Size, to keep the characteristic impedance of its 50 ohms.
When the first liquid and second liquid in the present embodiment keep cylindrical, i.e., when ground plane 20 keeps level, liquid
Body antenna overall work is in HEM11Pattern, the distributing point of microstrip gap feed structure and the container of composition liquid medium resonator are all
Positioned at 20 geometric center of ground plane, this makes liquid antenna always work in the one-way radiation pattern towards sky direction.When connecing
When 20 run-off the straight of stratum, as shown in figure 8,45 ° of pitch angle of the ground plane 20 of liquid antenna with relative level, first
Liquid 40 is maintained at the top half of container intracavity with smaller density, and second liquid 60 is due to there is larger density still to stop
Lower half portion in inner cavity.When the ground plane 20 of liquid antenna is perpendicular to horizontal plane, equally, first layer liquid stays in container
Top half, and second layer liquid remains in the lower half portion of container, as shown in Figure 9.In the case of antenna is inclined, first
The spaces such as shape of liquid and second liquid stable state fixed structure meeting relative antenna feed structure and/or ground plane change,
These change in shape can lead to the change of radiation mode, when liquid antenna tilts in the case of figure 8, the first two circle
The HEM of cylindrical first liquid and second liquid11Pattern will become two director circle columns（quasi-cylinder）Liquid resonant cavity
TM01Pattern, the radiation lobe of the two-layered medium resonator of this mixing will be to the liquid with larger relative dielectric constant（This
It is the first liquid 40 in embodiment）The position at place tilts, and the lobe pattern formed is as indicated at 11.
The directional transmissions of the present embodiment and the realization principle for receiving vertical beam characteristics of signals can be by using following machines
It makes to describe：If constituting the fluid of liquid medium resonator by two kinds of different densities and the liquid structure of different relative dielectric constants
At the wave beam of, liquid antenna by the liquid tilt of high relative dielectric constant, more specifically, if the liquid tool that density is smaller
There is a larger relative dielectric constant, no matter how liquid antenna rotates and tilt, and greatest irradiation direction will all turn to always
The flow direction that density is smaller and relative dielectric constant is larger, that is, perpendicular to horizontal plane and the direction that points into the sky（On
Side）.
Figure 10,11,12 respectively illustrate radiation lobe figure of the present embodiment in simulated experiment under three kinds of inclination conditions
2D pole figures.If ground plane 20 is parallel with horizontal plane, one-way radiation pattern can be realized, and greatest irradiation direction is located at antenna
Near sighted direction, deviation angle θ=0 ° of greatest irradiation direction.But if 45 ° of the rotation counterclockwise of ground plane 20, i.e., and water
Plane included angle becomes 45 °, then greatest irradiation direction is tilted to θ=- 30 ° of direction, half power lobe width coverage area（It is description
The index of main lobe direction）Become from -75 ° to 5 °, in this case, the greatest irradiation direction of antenna still tends to and horizontal plane
Orthogonal direction.Similarly, if ground plane 20 rotates clockwise 45 °, greatest irradiation direction will be tilted to θ=+ 30 ° of direction,
Half power lobe width coverage area is from -15 ° to 65 °, and in this case, the greatest irradiation of antenna still tends to and horizontal plane
Orthogonal direction.These results indicate that the passive wave beam in heavenwards direction may be implemented in liquid antenna provided by the invention really
It turns to, this is very suitable for real satellite communications applications shown in Figure 14.
Figure 13 is the simulated reflections coefficient figure of liquid antenna in the present embodiment, and specific design parameter is as follows:
It is 100mm × 100mm × 1.6mm sheet metals that ground plane 20, which is integrally fixed at the specification on PCB, and PCB substrate selects FR-4
（εrδ=0.025=4.5, tg）, gap 70 be 50mm × 3mm rectangular channel, 80 size of microstrip line be 3mm × 70mm, cylinder in
Chamber radius 38.5mm, the high 20mm of cylindrical cavity, the first liquid-filled percentage 50%, second liquid percent fill 50%, the
One fluent material is the first organic ion liquid（εrδ=0.001=27, tg）；Second liquid material is the second organic ion
Liquid（εrδ=0.001=6, tg）.
It can be observed from fig. 13 that the liquid antenna of the present embodiment in 0.95~1.25GHz, 1.57~1.78GHz and
The reflectance factor S of 1.9~2.25 frequency ranges of GHz tri-11Respectively less than -8dB.Above three wave band is covered answers for satellite navigation
GPS L1, L2 and L5 wave bands further include other several communication bands.The lower resonance band of the present embodiment（The lower
resonant band）It is to be operated in the aforementioned quasi-cylindrical being made of two kinds of different liquids materials（quasi-cylinder）It is situated between
The TM of matter resonator01And HEM11Pattern.
Can be seen that from above-mentioned analog result the present embodiment antenna realize conscientiously these satellite bands wave beam hang down
Straight directional characteristic.Due to the difference of density, the greatest irradiation direction of antenna can under the effect of gravity automatic orientation to sky
Direction.Each design parameter, structural parameters in the present embodiment（Such as the filling proportion of plurality of liquid, the shape of microstrip gap and opposite
The position etc. of liquid medium resonator）It can be modified according to the requirement of any concrete application scene with fluent material, to cover
Cover other frequency ranges.
The present embodiment utilization GRAVITY CONTROL transmitting-receiving beam direction function be very suitable for extensive use, such as be suitable for data,
The satellite communication field of voice and video（Especially for international maritime satellite satellite communication）.Illustrate by taking Figure 14 as an example below
The specific advantage of one application scenarios of the present embodiment.
Figure 14 is the application scenarios of the beam steering antenna system of the realization using the present embodiment in satellite communication system
Schematic diagram.As shown in figure 14, International Maritime Satellite Organization provides satellite 200,210 and equipped with the wave for taking the present embodiment technical solution
Communication link between the vehicle of beam position controlled rotary antenna system (antenna is not specifically illustrated).In the scene, vehicle 300,310,
320 top is mounted on the beam steering antenna system of the antenna system and application this embodiment scheme of the prior art, existing
The antenna system of technology is usually vertical vehicle chassis and is directed toward the fixed antenna of vehicle up direction, when vehicle moves on a flat ground
When dynamic（Vehicle 300）, wave beam 503 is the lobe signal of the antenna system of the prior art, and wave beam 513 is to apply this embodiment scheme
Beam steering antenna system lobe signal, at this moment two kinds of antenna systems have reached best signal reception, this meaning
Wave beam 513, effect is identical in this case with wave beam 503.However, if landform 400 is no longer flat ground,
Such as the movement of vehicle is to go up a slope（Vehicle 310）Or descending（Vehicle 320）In the case of, its wave of the antenna system of the prior art
The greatest irradiation direction of beam 501,502 cannot be targetedly towards the aerial satellite direction in day, so receiving the intensity meeting of signal
There is apparent reduction, because satellite-signal is received by the secondary lobe (gain is smaller) of wave beam 501,502, and due to signal strength
It reduces, further results in the decline of its communication quality.And apply the vehicle of the beam steering antenna system of this embodiment scheme then
There is no this problem, the greatest irradiation direction of the wave beam 511,512 of antenna direction always when vehicle descending and when vehicle driving up
The direction of sky (satellite).This beam steering characteristic can significantly improve signal of the antenna under different terrain conditions and receive
Ability.
Embodiment three
The beam steering antenna system of the present embodiment can be used on satellite 200,210, and the difference with embodiment two is the first liquid
40 density is less than the density of second liquid 60, and the relative dielectric constant of the first liquid 40 is situated between again smaller than the opposite of second liquid 60
Electric constant, when antenna does the actions such as rotation and displacement with satellite, the radiation lobe of antenna can be to the phase for remaining at lower section
The liquid tilt larger to dielectric constant, then by the structure design other same with embodiment two, designated frequency band can be obtained
Radiation lobe liquid antenna always vertically downward.
In addition, the liquid antenna using GRAVITY CONTROL directional diagram in the various embodiments described above（Beam steering antenna system）
It can be communicated with pseudolite systems such as fixed or mobile ground transmitter/receivers, rather than only and satellite communication.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of liquid antenna for receiving and dispatching beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL, including equipped with the fluid for participating in antenna resonance in inner cavity
Container（30）, it is characterised in that：The feed structure and container of antenna are each attached on carrier, and the container for accommodating fluid is envelope
It closes, the fluid in container intracavity is at least a kind of and total amount of fluid is fixed and with remaining horizontal liquid
Face, when carrier tilts, so that fluid with feed structure is formed new space opposite for the flowing in container under the effect of gravity for fluid
Position is to make the beam direction of antenna be intended to fixed-direction.
2. the liquid antenna according to claim 1 for receiving and dispatching beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL, it is characterised in that：In container
（30）Side be provided with the ground plane being connect with the feed structure of antenna.
3. a kind of liquid antenna using GRAVITY CONTROL directional diagram according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：Container
（30）, fluid and ground plane constitute the liquid medium resonator encouraged by the feed structure of antenna, which is
The radiating element or receiving unit of antenna.
4. receiving and dispatching the liquid antenna of beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL according to claims 1 to 3 any one of them, feature exists
In：Further include being fixed on the carrier of antenna and positioned at the conductive plate of container intracavity side.
5. wanting the liquid antenna for receiving and dispatching beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL described in 4 according to right, it is characterised in that：Conductive plate with
Ground plane（20）For the same part.
6. receiving and dispatching the liquid antenna of beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL according to claims 1 to 3 any one of them, feature exists
In：The upper surface of fluid is to remain horizontal liquid level.
7. receiving and dispatching the liquid antenna of beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL according to claims 1 to 3 any one of them, feature exists
In：Fluid includes density difference, contacts with each other but the first immiscible liquid（40）And second liquid（60）, the first liquid
（40）With second liquid（60）Interface composition remain horizontal liquid level；First liquid（40）With second liquid（60）Tool
There is different relative dielectric constants.
8. receiving and dispatching the liquid antenna of beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL according to claims 1 to 3 any one of them, feature exists
In：The liquid that fluid includes one or more kinds of objectionable interminglings, density is different and relative dielectric constant is different.
9. the liquid antenna according to claim 8 for receiving and dispatching beam direction using GRAVITY CONTROL, it is characterised in that：Antenna
Feed structure is included out in the gap on conductive plate（70）With with gap（70）The vertically disposed microstrip line of length direction（80）, micro-
Band line（80）Dielectric is separated between conductive plate, the central shaft of inner cavity is located at gap（70）With microstrip line（80）Infall
And and gap（70）And microstrip line（80）It is orthogonal.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810238057.3A CN108281771A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | The liquid antenna of beam direction is received and dispatched using GRAVITY CONTROL |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810238057.3A CN108281771A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | The liquid antenna of beam direction is received and dispatched using GRAVITY CONTROL |
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|---|---|
| CN108281771A true CN108281771A (en) | 2018-07-13 |
Family
ID=62810106
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201810238057.3A Pending CN108281771A (en) | 2018-03-22 | 2018-03-22 | The liquid antenna of beam direction is received and dispatched using GRAVITY CONTROL |
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| CN109411899A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-01 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of liquid metal wave absorbing device based on gravitational field regulation |
| CN109546307A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-03-29 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of circular polarisation space fed antenna of the gravitational field regulation based on liquid metal |
| CN109638426A (en) * | 2018-11-19 | 2019-04-16 | 南京邮电大学 | A kind of circular polarized antenna based on gravitational field regulation liquid metal |
| CN109660673A (en) * | 2019-01-21 | 2019-04-19 | 努比亚技术有限公司 | Signal control method, mobile terminal and computer-readable storage media |
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| CN111106433A (en) * | 2018-10-29 | 2020-05-05 | 中兴通讯股份有限公司 | Frequency reconfigurable antenna, control method and communication device |
| CN112952360A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-11 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna assembly and electronic equipment |
| CN114284737A (en) * | 2021-12-31 | 2022-04-05 | 湖南大学 | Full-transparent ultra-wideband high-gain liquid medium resonator antenna |
| WO2022143881A1 (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-07-07 | 华为技术有限公司 | Antenna and electronic device |
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| CN110854545B (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2021-03-16 | 南京邮电大学 | Frequency band transfer wave absorber based on mercury expansion with heat and contraction with cold regulation |
| CN111010518B (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2021-03-26 | 深圳市安拓浦科技有限公司 | Antenna adjusting method and device |
| CN111010518A (en) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-14 | 深圳市安拓浦科技有限公司 | Antenna adjusting method and device |
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| CN112952360A (en) * | 2021-03-31 | 2021-06-11 | 维沃移动通信有限公司 | Antenna assembly and electronic equipment |
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| CN116315620B (en) * | 2023-05-22 | 2023-07-21 | 湖南大学 | Multi-parameter reconfigurable liquid antenna |
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