CN208125530U - A kind of vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument applying confining pressure - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument that one kind can apply confining pressure, including frame, frame supports shear box, hydraulic servo loading system, monitor sensor-based system and shearing dynamical system, shear box includes interior shear box and outer shear box, interior shear box is stationary, outer shear box energy hoop rotation, it shears dynamical system and connects outer shear box, and drive the hoop rotation of outer shear box, hydraulic servo loading system includes normal direction pressurizing device and annular force transmitting board, normal direction pressurizing device is inserted in the centre of interior shear box along the vertical direction, normal stress is provided, annular force transmitting board is mounted on the top of shear box, transmit vertical confining pressure, monitoring sensor-based system incudes the shearing data of soil sample in real time, and it is transferred to control device.The utility model is of great significance for research high-speed shadowgraph technique landslide slip shearing strength characteristic, announcement Landslide Evolution process and mechanism.

Description

A kind of vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument applying confining pressure

Technical field

The utility model relates to soil test equipment technical fields, more particularly to a kind of vertical shearing face that can apply confining pressure Ring shear test instrument.

Background technique

The shearing strength characteristic for studying the soil body, the mechanical mechanism that Analysis of Slope Stability, geological disaster occur are studied And its side slope progressive destruction process study etc. is of great significance.

The shearing strength characteristic of Rock And Soil can generally be obtained by test in situ or laboratory soil test, shearing examination in situ It is big to test size, since Rock And Soil is to be undisturbed sample, obtained experimental result is closest with engineering practice, but shearing in situ Test has the shortcomings that at high cost, the period is long, instrument is heavy.In contrast to this, although the representativeness of laboratory test soil sample is poor, It is more to be widely used in the research of the shearing strength characteristic of the soil body since its is at low cost, the period is short, lower-price characteristic In.

Currently, the Experimental Method in Laboratory for commonly measuring soil shear strength in engineering mainly has：It is triaxial shear test, straight Connect shearing test, unconfined compression test etc..Wherein direct shear test is to develop a kind of measurement soil classifiction earlier Method, it is easily operated since its equipment is simple, China application than wide.Conventional direct shear apparatus is although many kinds of, But principle is essentially identical, is that several shearing strength values are measured under the action of different normal force along fixed shear surface.In reality In the shear history of border, the shear surface of sample persistently reduces, and the direct stress on shear surface is unevenly distributed, and not can reflect true Stress state locating for Rock And Soil.In addition, direct shear test and triaxial shear test are limited by instrument, shear displacemant has Limitation is unable to satisfy and surveys to the numerical value of the shearing strength and residual strength of the soil body under the conditions of the big displacements such as high-speed shadowgraph technique It is fixed.Therefore, it is necessary to develop the special earth moving equipment that can be realized big shear displacemant experimental condition and corresponding experimental technique, wherein Ring shear apparatus is one of the most effective means that can satisfy both requirements.

So far from the 1920s, foreign scholar and research institution endeavour always the research and development of ring shear apparatus, and develop in succession Various types of ring shear apparatus are gone out.With the progress of science and technology, the manufacture of ring shear apparatus tends to be enlarged and increasingly automated, and Gradually overcome the problems such as such as soil body in shear history leaks, stress distribution is uneven, upper and lower shear box friction is excessive.Along with Largely, the application of high-precision sensor and servo drive control device, modern ring shear apparatus are able to carry out simulation more complex stress Under the conditions of soil test, and be capable of the accuracy of guarantee test result, although the function of modern ring shear apparatus and measurement accuracy day Become mature, but its design principle is essentially identical：It is divided into two shear boxs up and down, shear surface is one and is parallel to horizontal plane side To concentric loop.Inherent shortcoming existing for this principle is exactly：Since annulus has one fixed width radially, will lead Cause shear surface on radially cutter shearing line speed distribution it is inconsistent, the shear displacemant in same time is inconsistent, this all will so that In shear history shear stress and cut displacement being unevenly distributed on shear surface so that shear history cannot restore practical feelings Condition.In order to reduce test error brought by principles above to the greatest extent, designers reduce width of the shear box along radial direction, And it with the shear stress at central-line shear angle ring and cuts displacement and replaces the stress-strain state on entire shear surface.Shear box in this way Volume is just restricted, for a large amount of soil-rock mixture samples in practical geotechnical engineering problems, this kind of ring shear apparatus be just difficult into The measurement of row correlation soil shear strength parameter and the simulation of shear history.

In order to solve problem above, a kind of ring shear test instrument suitable for vertical shearing face is suggested.However, public at present There are problems, the device and torque application device for applying axial stress design together the vertical shearing face ring shear apparatus opened, It can be interfered with each other in practical work process, be reduced so as to cause the precision for being applied to power in soil body sample, influence test result Accuracy；It needs to be inserted in shear box again after removing sample preparation backplate after the completion of sample preparation, therefore more loose native stone body can not be adopted It is tested with the ring shear apparatus；Vertical force load perpendicular to shear surface direction, shear surface upper stress are only provided during test It is unevenly distributed, accurate normal pressure and confining pressure can not be provided.

Utility model content

In view of this, the embodiments of the present invention provide one kind can apply confining pressure, shear surface stress distribution uniformly, energy Stable operation, test result the true and reliable vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument for applying confining pressure.

The embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument that can apply confining pressure, including frame, Shear box, hydraulic servo loading system, monitoring sensor-based system, shearing dynamical system and control device, the frame support shearing Box, hydraulic servo loading system, monitoring sensor-based system and shearing dynamical system, the shear box includes interior shear box and outer shearing Box, the interior shear box are mounted in outer shear box, and interior shear box and outer shear box are slidably installed together, the interior shearing Box is stationary, the outer shear box energy hoop rotation, and the shearing dynamical system connects outer shear box, and drives outer shear box Hoop rotation, the hydraulic servo loading system includes normal direction pressurizing device and annular force transmitting board, the normal direction pressurizing device It is inserted in the centre of interior shear box along the vertical direction, normal stress is provided, the annular force transmitting board is mounted on the top of shear box, passes Vertical confining pressure is passed, the monitoring sensor-based system incudes the shearing data of soil sample in real time, and is transferred to control device, the control dress The vertical confining pressure for setting the normal stress to normal direction pressurizing device accordingly and annular force transmitting board carries out quantitative control.

Further, the frame includes left column, right column, upper reaction beam and pedestal, and the left column and right column are solid Be scheduled on pedestal, the shear box between left column and right column, the upper reaction beam be fixed on left column and right column it Between, and upper reaction beam, in the top of shear box, the pedestal is fixed by bolt and ground, the circle of intermediate projections one of the pedestal Fixation is bolted in cylindricality cushion cap, cylindrical cushion cap and interior shear box, and the shearing dynamical system is mounted on the base, institute Left column and right column are stated to monitor the installation of sensor-based system and providing support, the upper reaction beam is hydraulic servo loading system Installation, which provides, stablizes support and installation space.

Further, the shearing dynamical system includes shearing hollow gear wheel, driver pinion, stepless speed-change motor, change Bearing is connected in the middle part of frequency device, gear wheel end support bearing and gear wheel, the frequency converter is fixed on the base, the frequency converter Connect stepless speed-change motor, connect driver pinion on the active rotating shaft of the stepless speed-change motor, the driver pinion with Hollow gear wheel engagement is sheared, and drives the hollow bull gear drive of shearing, the outer shear box is fixed on the hollow gear wheel of shearing On, the rotation of the hollow gear wheel of shearing drives the rotation of outer shear box, and the hollow gear wheel of shearing is located on pedestal The surrounding of the cylindrical cushion cap of protrusion is provided in the middle part of gear wheel between the hollow gear wheel of shearing and cylindrical cushion cap and connects The lower part of bearing, the hollow gear wheel of shearing is connected by gear wheel end support bearing with the pedestal in frame, guarantees to cut The stabilization for cutting hollow gear wheel is freely rotated, the frequency converter can the output revolving speed to stepless speed-change motor carry out stablizing tune Section, and then realize the shear history under different shear rate.

Further, the outer shear box includes Outer Bottom Plating, outer cover and outer top cover, and the Outer Bottom Plating, which is bolted on, to be cut It cuts on hollow gear wheel, lower end and the Outer Bottom Plating of the outer cover are fixed together, and the inner wall of the outer cover is equipped in circumferential uniform The vertical guide of arrangement, the Outer Bottom Plating are equipped in the circumferential shear plate being evenly arranged, the shear plate and vertical guide Position is staggered, and the outer wall of the outer top cover is provided with vertical guide groove compatible with vertical guide, and the bottom of the outer top cover is provided with Outer top cover is inserted into outer cover by shearing board slot compatible with shear plate, and the upper end of the vertical guide is stuck in vertical guide groove, The upper end of the shear plate is stuck in shearing board slot, the rotation of the shearing dynamical system driving Outer Bottom Plating, the Outer Bottom Plating Rotation drives outer cover rotation, and the outer cover drives vertical guide groove and shearing board slot rotation by vertical guide and shear plate, in turn Outer top cover rotation is driven, external circumferential turning cell is collectively formed.

Further, the interior shear box includes inner bottom plating and internal head cover, and the inner bottom plating is equipped with and is evenly arranged in circumferential direction Soil sample fixed blade, the inner wall of the internal head cover is equipped with interior conducting bar, and the inner bottom plating is fixed on cylindrical cushion cap, it is described in Top cover is connected with annular force transmitting board, and internal stationary room is collectively formed.

Further, the top of the internal head cover is provided with horizontal bubble instrument, is provided on the inner bottom plating and circumferentially divides everywhere The discharge outlet of cloth is provided with downwards rhone along discharge outlet, and the rhone extends in the pedestal below inner bottom plating, the row It is laid with drainpipe in sink, one layer of filter screen is equipped at the discharge outlet, the discharge outlet is equipped with a sealing cover, the sealing Lid can be carried out rotation, and then realize the opening and sealing of discharge outlet, for realizing draining shear history and undrained shear process.

Further, the internal head cover includes inner cover plate and extension plate, and the extension plate is located at the outside of inner cover plate, and with it is interior Cover board is integrally formed, and the lower section of the extension plate is equipped with the sliding slot being recessed inwardly, and the outer top cover is located at the lower section of extension plate, and The top of outer top cover is equipped with draw runner compatible with sliding slot, and the draw runner can slide in sliding slot, so make outer top cover relative to Internal head cover rotates；The Outer Bottom Plating includes outside plate and outer extension plate, and the outer extension plate is located at the inside of outside plate, and one Molding, the inner bottom plating include inner panel and interior extension plate, and the interior extension plate is located at the outside of inner panel, and is integrally formed, described Interior extension plate and outer extension plate are oppositely arranged, and guide groove is provided on the inside of the interior extension plate, and the inside of the outer extension plate is equipped with Conducting bar compatible with guide groove, the conducting bar can slide in guide groove, and then Outer Bottom Plating is made to rotate relative to inner bottom plating.

Further, the length of the outer top cover cross section is consistent with the length of extension plate cross section, and the outer top cover is horizontal The width in section and the sum of the width of extension plate cross section are consistent with the width of inner cover plate cross section, the outer top cover and interior top Bed course is equipped at the gap of lid；The length of the interior extension plate cross section and the length of outer extension plate cross section are consistent, described The width of inner panel cross section and the width of outside plate cross section are consistent, and bed course is equipped at the gap of the Outer Bottom Plating and inner bottom plating.

Further, the normal direction pressurizing device includes that elastic membrane, oil pocket, compression ring, sealing ring, sealing cover and fixation are convex Head is provided with oil guiding hole on the wall of the oil pocket, and elastic membrane is wrapped up in the outside of the oil pocket, and the both ends of the oil pocket are successively arranged Compression ring, sealing ring and sealing cover, the lower section of underlying sealing cover, which is equipped with, fixes plush copper, outside the sealing cover being located above Outer guide groove compatible with the interior conducting bar on the internal head cover inner wall is provided on wall, the normal direction pressurizing device is inserted along the vertical direction Enter in the cylindrical hole among interior shear box, the lower end of the normal direction pressurizing device is fixed on cylindrical cushion cap by fixed plush copper Interior, the upper end of the normal direction pressurizing device is fixed by the cooperation of interior conducting bar and outer guide groove.

Further, the hydraulic servo loading system further includes axis compressing cylinder, hydraulic column sleeve, hydraulic column, ring steel pad Plate, hydraulic oil container, servo oil pump, hydraulic servo control system, the axis compressing cylinder are fixed on reaction beam, the axis pressure oil The lower part of cylinder is connected by upper reaction beam with hydraulic column sleeve, the top of the axis compressing cylinder by oil guide pipe successively with hydraulic oil Case, servo oil pump and hydraulic servo control system are connected, and have the liquid that can be freely lifted offer axis pressure in the hydraulic column sleeve Compression leg, the lower part of the hydraulic column are provided with annular billet, and the lower part of the rigid backing plate of annular passes through fixing bolt fixed ring Shape force transmitting board, the upper end of the normal direction pressurizing device by petroleum pipeline respectively with hydraulic oil container, servo oil pump and hydraulic servo Control system is connected.

Further, the monitoring sensor-based system includes vertical displacement sensor, rotating torque sensor, shearing resistance sensing Device, shear displacemant sensor and several earth pressure gauges, the lower end contact of the vertical displacement sensor and annular force transmitting board Upper-end contact；The rotating torque sensor is installed on the end of the active rotating shaft of stepless speed-change motor；The shearing resistance passes Sensor and shear displacemant sensor are directly contacted with the outer wall of shear box；The earth pressure gauge is from top to bottom equidistantly laid in In the soil body, it is located proximate to preset circumferential shear surface, the dynamometry face of the earth pressure gauge is walked perpendicular to shear surface, and with radius To consistent, if the vertical displacement sensor, rotating torque sensor, shearing resistance sensor, shear displacemant sensor and Dry ground pressure gauge passes through signal transmission cable and is connected with control device, and the control device is also and in hydraulic servo loading system Hydraulic servo control system and shearing dynamical system in frequency converter be connected, to realize vertical confining pressure, method during test It is recorded to the real-time Transmission of stress and shear rate data.

Compared with prior art, the utility model has the advantages that：

1, the utility model can be used for studying under the conditions of different normal pressures, confining pressure and Rock And Soil exists under different shear rate Peak shear strength, residual strength and strain softening process under the conditions of big shear displacemant, have filled up vertical shearing face ring and have cut examination The blank in instrument field is tested, which controls outer shear box by gear drive and generate hoop rotation to realization pair The failure by shear of sample transmits vertical confining pressure by shear box upper cover plate, and interior shear box is fixed, sliding between inside and outside shear box Dynamic installation, it is ensured that the stable operation of shear history, center normal direction pressurizing device, which can provide sample, stablizes normal stress, guarantees Normal pressure on shear surface is uniformly distributed.

2, instrument provided by the utility model can generate vertical cricoid shear surface, i.e. shear surface in shear history Perpendicular to horizontal plane, the shear displacemant in shear history on shear surface can be made equal with shear velocity, guarantee shear stress With shear displacemant being uniformly distributed on shear surface, test result is made to be more nearly actual conditions.

3, instrument provided by the utility model does not need other matched sample making apparatus in the preparation process of soil sample, It can be completed in shear box, avoid the destruction caused by soil sample as artificial perturbation in the preparation of the soil body and loading process, Therefore ring shear test can be carried out to the soil body of various loosening degrees；Meanwhile to soil in ring shear test instrument provided by the utility model The size of sample can carry out the research such as large-scale ring shear test of coarse-grained soil according to actual needs, expand and vertically cut without limitation The scope of application of the section ring shear test soil body.

4, hydraulic servo loading system provided by the utility model can be realized to the soil body in different normal pressures and confining pressure It is lower to carry out different shearing test, in conjunction with hydraulic servo control system and earth pressure gauge to the feedback and adjusting of load information Realization adds the stabilization of unloading quantitatively to control soil sample, overcomes vertical shearing face normal stress in the prior art and applies uneven lack Point, improves test accuracy and the degree of automation.

5, monitoring sensor-based system provided by the utility model, can be realized the self-correction to instrument, improve the standard of test Exactness, and can real-time monitoring obtain test during parameters, be used for correlative study.

6, frequency converter and stepless speed-change motor provided by the utility model can be realized stepless between motor and transmission gear Speed change, the shear rate to equably control with change hollow gear wheel, avoid and tie because of gear rotational speed mutation to test The adverse effect that the authenticity of fruit generates, can also carry out the correlative study of soil shear strength under different shear rate.

7, the loading system of the utility model and shearing dynamical system are respectively arranged at the top and lower part of instrument, are two Relatively independent system avoids in the prior art because axial pressure and torque apply influencing each other for process, ensure that test Reliability and precision.

8. the bed course of connection type and setting inside and outside shear box provided by the utility model between top cover and interior Outer Bottom Plating It can play the role of controlling gap, prevent the soil body from leaking out in shear history, in addition bed course gathers using coefficient of friction is very low The production of tetrafluoroethene material can be effectively reduced inside and outside shear box and relatively rotate the friction generated, reduce frictional heat generation, reduces electricity Function consumption guarantees the stabilization hoop rotation of external circumferential fluid shear chamber.

9. shear box provided by the utility model is connected by screw bolts with remaining loading system, structure is simple, is readily disassembled, After the completion of test, shear box and dynamical system can be removed, loading system part can carry out the test such as uniaxial compression, section Instrument manufacturing cost has been saved, it can be achieved that a tractor serves several purposes.

Detailed description of the invention

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument that the utility model one kind can apply confining pressure.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of frame in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of shear box in Fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the China and foreign countries Fig. 1 top cover and internal head cover.

Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of Outer Bottom Plating and inner bottom plating in Fig. 1.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of normal direction pressurizing device in Fig. 1.

Specific embodiment

It is practical new to this below in conjunction with attached drawing to keep the purpose of this utility model, technical solution and advantage clearer Type embodiment is further described.

Referring to FIG. 1, the embodiments of the present invention provide a kind of vertical shearing face ring scissor test that can apply confining pressure Instrument, including frame 1, shear box 2, hydraulic servo loading system 3, monitoring sensor-based system 4, shearing dynamical system 5 and control device 6, the shear box 2 includes interior shear box 21 and outer shear box 22.

Fig. 1 and 2 is please referred to, for frame 1 using being welded and fixed, frame 1 supports entire ring shear test instrument, and frame 1 supports Shear box 2, hydraulic servo loading system 3, monitoring sensor-based system 4 and shearing dynamical system 5, frame 1 are vertical including left column 11, the right side Column 12, upper reaction beam 13 and pedestal 14, the left column 11 and right column 12 are fixed on pedestal 14, and the shear box 2 is on a left side Between column 11 and right column 12, the upper reaction beam 13 is fixed between left column 11 and right column 12, and upper reaction beam 13 In the top of shear box 2, the pedestal 14 is fixed by bolt and ground, and stable operation platform and support are provided for instrument Counter-force, the cylindrical cushion cap 141 of the intermediate projections one of the pedestal 14, cylindrical cushion cap 141 are connected with interior shear box 21 by bolt Fixation is connect, ensure that interior shear box 21 is static in shear history, the shearing dynamical system 5 is mounted on pedestal 14, institute It states left column 11 and right column 12 and provides support to monitor the installation of sensor-based system 4, the upper reaction beam 13 adds for hydraulic servo The installation of loading system 3, which provides, stablizes support and installation space.

Referring to FIG. 1, shearing dynamical system 5 connects outer shear box 22, and the hoop rotation of outer shear box 22 is driven, preferably Ground, shearing dynamical system 5 are mounted on the lower section of shear box 2, and shearing dynamical system 5 is small including the hollow gear wheel 51 of shearing, active Bearing 56, institute are connected in the middle part of gear 52, stepless speed-change motor 53, frequency converter 54, gear wheel end support bearing 55 and gear wheel It states frequency converter 54 to be fixed on pedestal 14, the frequency converter 54 connects stepless speed-change motor 53, the stepless speed-change motor 53 Driver pinion 52 is connected on active rotating shaft, the driver pinion 52 is engaged with hollow gear wheel 51 is sheared, and drives shearing Hollow gear wheel 51 rotates, and the outer shear box 22 is fixed on the hollow gear wheel 51 of shearing, the hollow gear wheel 51 of shearing Rotation drive the rotation of outer shear box 22, it is described shear hollow gear wheel 51 and be located on cylinder raised on pedestal 14 hold The surrounding of platform 141 is provided in the middle part of gear wheel between the hollow gear wheel 51 of shearing and cylindrical cushion cap 141 and connects bearing 56, the lower part of the hollow gear wheel 51 of shearing is connected by gear wheel end support bearing 55 with the pedestal 14 in frame 1, is protected The stabilization that card shears hollow gear wheel 51 is freely rotated, the frequency converter 54 can output revolving speed to stepless speed-change motor 53 into Row stable regulation, and then realize the shear history under different shear rate.

Fig. 3-5 is please referred to, the centre of shear box 2 is reserved with a cylindrical hole, and interior shear box 21 is mounted in outer shear box 22, And interior shear box 21 is slidably installed together with outer shear box 22, the interior shear box 21 is stationary, the outer shear box 22 It can hoop rotation.

Outer shear box 22 includes Outer Bottom Plating 221, outer cover 222 and outer top cover 223, and the Outer Bottom Plating 221 is bolted On shearing hollow gear wheel 51, lower end and the Outer Bottom Plating 221 of the outer cover 222 are fixed together, the inner wall of the outer cover 222 Equipped in the circumferential vertical guide 2221 being evenly arranged, the Outer Bottom Plating 221 is equipped in the circumferential shear plate being evenly arranged 2211, the position of the shear plate 2211 and vertical guide 2221 is staggered, and the outer wall of the outer top cover 223 is provided with and vertically leads The compatible vertical guide groove 2231 of rail 2221, the bottom of the outer top cover 223 are provided with shear plate compatible with shear plate 2211 Outer top cover 223 is inserted into outer cover 222 by slot (not shown), and the upper end of the vertical guide 2221 is stuck in vertical guide groove In 2231, the upper end of the shear plate 2211 is stuck in shearing board slot, and the shearing dynamical system 5 drives turning for Outer Bottom Plating 221 Dynamic, the rotation of the Outer Bottom Plating 221 drives outer cover 222 to rotate, and the outer cover 222 passes through vertical guide 2221 and shear plate 2211 Vertical guide groove 2231 and shearing board slot rotation are driven, and then outer top cover 223 is driven to rotate, external circumferential turning cell is collectively formed.

Preferably, the thickness of outer top cover 223 is larger, provides sufficient pressurization space for the loading procedure of soil sample.

Interior shear box 21 includes inner bottom plating 211 and internal head cover 212, and the inner bottom plating 211 is equipped with and is evenly arranged in circumferential direction Soil sample fixed blade 2111, the inner wall of the internal head cover 212 is equipped with interior conducting bar 2121, and the inner bottom plating 211 is fixed on cylinder On shape cushion cap 141, the internal head cover 212 is connected with annular force transmitting board 32, and internal stationary room is collectively formed.

Internal head cover 212 includes inner cover plate 2122 and extension plate 2123, and the extension plate 2123 is located at the outer of inner cover plate 2122 Side, and be integrally formed with inner cover plate 2122, the lower section of the extension plate 2123 is equipped with the sliding slot 2124 being recessed inwardly, outer top cover 223 are located at the lower section of extension plate 2123, and the top of outer top cover 223 is equipped with draw runner 2233 compatible with sliding slot 2124, described Draw runner 2233 can slide in sliding slot 2124, and then outer top cover 223 is made to rotate relative to internal head cover 212, it is preferable that outer top The length of 223 cross section of lid is consistent with the length of 2123 cross section of extension plate, the width of outer 223 cross section of top cover with prolong The sum of width of 2123 cross section of long slab is consistent with the width of 2122 cross section of inner cover plate, the outer top cover 223 and internal head cover Bed course 2232 is equipped at 212 gap.

Outer Bottom Plating 221 includes outside plate 2212 and outer extension plate 2213, and the outer extension plate 2213 is located at the interior of outside plate 2212 Side, the inner bottom plating 211 include inner panel 2111 and interior extension plate 2112, and the interior extension plate 2112 is located at the outer of inner panel 2111 Side, the interior extension plate 2112 and outer extension plate 2213 are oppositely arranged, and the inside of the interior extension plate 2112 is provided with guide groove 2113, The inside of the outer extension plate 2213 is equipped with conducting bar 2214 compatible with guide groove 2113, and the conducting bar 2214 can be in guide groove Sliding in 2113, and then Outer Bottom Plating 221 is made to rotate relative to inner bottom plating 211, it is preferable that the interior extension plate 2112 is horizontal The length of 2213 cross section of the length in section and outer extension plate is consistent, the width and outside plate 2212 of 2111 cross section of inner panel The width of cross section is consistent, and bed course 2114 is equipped at the gap of the Outer Bottom Plating 221 and inner bottom plating 211.

Preferably, the top of internal head cover 212 is provided with horizontal bubble instrument 7, to be corrected to soil sample upper flat degree, Guarantee that soil sample upper surface is smooth, avoid occurring in vertical confining pressure loading procedure bias-load and adverse effect is generated to test result, It is provided with the discharge outlet 8 being circumferentially distributed everywhere on inner bottom plating 211, is provided with rhone 9, and the rhone downwards along discharge outlet 8 9 extend in the pedestal 14 of 211 lower section of inner bottom plating, and drainpipe is laid in the rhone 9, is equipped with one layer at the discharge outlet 8 Filter screen (not shown), the discharge outlet 8 are equipped with a sealing cover (not shown), and the sealing cover, which can be carried out, to be turned It is dynamic, and then realize the opening and sealing of discharge outlet, for realizing draining shear history and undrained shear process, strainer is for preventing Only the soil body is discharged with water flow.

Hydraulic servo loading system 3 includes normal direction pressurizing device 31, annular force transmitting board 32, axis compressing cylinder 33, hydraulic column sleeve Cylinder 34, hydraulic column 35, annular billet 36, hydraulic oil container (not shown), servo oil pump 38, hydraulic servo control system 39, the axis compressing cylinder 22 is fixed on reaction beam 13, the lower part of the axis compressing cylinder 22 by upper reaction beam 13 with it is hydraulic Column sleeve cylinder 34 is connected, and the top of the axis compressing cylinder 33 is successively oily with hydraulic oil container (not shown), servo by oil guide pipe Pump 38 and hydraulic servo control system 39 are connected, and have the hydraulic column that can be freely lifted offer axis pressure in the hydraulic column sleeve 34 35, the lower part of the hydraulic column 35 is provided with annular billet 36, and the lower part of the rigid backing plate 36 of annular is solid by fixing bolt Annular force transmitting board 32, the annular force transmitting board 32 are mounted on the top of shear box 2, transmit vertical confining pressure, it is preferable that annular passes Power plate 32 is mounted on the internal head cover of interior shear box, the upper end of the normal direction pressurizing device 31 by petroleum pipeline respectively with it is hydraulic Fuel tank (not shown), servo oil pump 38 and hydraulic servo control system 39 are connected.

It is vertically enclosed in hydraulic servo control system 39 in hydraulic servo loading system 3 comprising two independent controls respectively Pressure applies the control valve and reversal valve and oil pressure gauge applied with normal stress, can be realized to vertical confining pressure, normal stress it is big Small display, adjustment are controlled with uninstall process is added, and provide stable vertical confining pressure and normal stress for soil sample during the test.

Referring to FIG. 6, normal direction pressurizing device 31 include elastic membrane 311, it is oil pocket 312, compression ring 313, sealing ring 314, close 315 and fixed plush copper 316 are covered, oil guiding hole 3121 is provided on 312 wall of oil pocket, wraps up elastic membrane on the outside of the oil pocket 312 311, the both ends of the oil pocket 312 are successively arranged compression ring 313, sealing ring 314 and sealing cover 315, underlying sealing cover 315 lower section is equipped with fixed plush copper 316, is provided on the outer wall for the sealing cover 315 being located above compatible with interior conducting bar 2121 Outer guide groove 3151, the normal direction pressurizing device 31 are inserted in the centre of interior shear box 2 along the vertical direction, provide normal stress, preferably Ground, the normal direction pressurizing device 31 are inserted into along the vertical direction in the cylindrical hole reserved among interior shear box 21, elastic membrane 311 Certain safe distance is reserved between soil sample fixed blade 2111 in outside and interior shear box 21, elastic membrane 311 is avoided and exists It is scratched due to the soil body or the friction of soil sample fixed blade 2111 in shear history, the lower end of the normal direction pressurizing device 31 passes through solid Determine plush copper 316 to be fixed in cylindrical cushion cap 141, the upper end of the normal direction pressurizing device 31 passes through interior conducting bar 2121 and outer guide groove 3151 cooperation is fixed, and is played the role of fixed 31 top and bottom of normal direction pressurizing device, is guaranteed that the stabilization of normal pressure is applied Add.

It is preset with asphalt channel in the sealing cover 315 being located above, is communicated with oil pocket 312, oil pocket 312 is hollow and thin-walled gold Belong to cylinder, be evenly distributed with several oil guiding holes 3121 on the wall of oil pocket 312, oil pocket 312 is coated with elastic membrane 311, compresses Upper-lower seal lid 315 makes internal formation enclosure space, and the effect of sealing ring 314 is to guarantee compression ring 313 and elastic membrane 311 Connecting portion reach and be fully sealed, compression ring 313 is installed at both ends, guarantee that elastic membrane 311 stablizes deformation in pressure process, By hydraulic servo control system 3 to sending oil in oil pocket 312, it is preferable that the annular force transmitting board in hydraulic servo loading system 3 32, circular hole is offered in axis compressing cylinder 33 and upper reaction beam 13, it is hydraulic pass through the petroleum pipeline of normal direction pressurizing device 31 Oil makes elastic membrane 311 generate linear elastic deformation by oil guiding hole 3121, and applies to the surrounding soil body and stablize normal stress.

Monitoring sensor-based system 4 is based primarily upon frame and is installed, and monitoring sensor-based system 4 incudes the shearing number of soil sample in real time According to and being transferred to control device 6, the control device 6 normal stress to normal direction pressurizing device 31 and annular force transmitting board accordingly 32 vertical confining pressure carries out quantitative control, and the monitoring sensor-based system 4 includes vertical displacement sensor 41, rotating torque sensor 42, shearing resistance sensor 43, shear displacemant sensor 44 and several earth pressure gauges 45, the vertical displacement sensor 41 It is connected by bracket with left column 11, and the upper-end contact of the lower end contact of vertical displacement sensor 41 and annular force transmitting board 32, For measuring the axial displacement for applying hydraulic column during confining pressure and being wrapped with, can approximation as soil sample axial strain data to the soil body Compression property is studied；The rotating torque sensor 42 is installed on the end of the active rotating shaft of stepless speed-change motor 53, uses To monitor the rotating torque that motor provides in shear history；The shearing resistance sensor 43 and shear displacemant sensor 44 with The outer wall of shear box 2 directly contacts, it is preferable that shearing resistance sensor 43 and shear displacemant sensor 44 pass through bracket respectively It is connected with left and right pillar, and is directly contacted with outer cover 222, to monitor stress and shear displacemant in shear history, to grind Study carefully soil sample shear strength, residual strength and strain softening process and data supporting is provided；Between the earth pressure gauge 45 from top to bottom waits Away from being laid in the soil body, it is located proximate to preset circumferential shear surface, the dynamometry face of the earth pressure gauge 45 is perpendicular to shear surface And it is consistent with radius trend, for measuring the size of record soil body circumferential direction direct stress, the vertical displacement sensor 41, rotatory force Square sensor 42, shearing resistance sensor 43, shear displacemant sensor 44 and several earth pressure gauges 45 are transmitted by signal Cable is connected with control device 6, mentions for providing real-time test data during ring shear test and for the adjustment correction of instrument For reference, control device 6 be preferably backstage computer, the control device 6 also with the hydraulic servo in hydraulic servo loading system 3 Frequency converter 54 in control system 39 and shearing dynamical system 5 is connected, to realize test vertical confining pressure, normal stress in the process And the real-time Transmission record of shear rate data.

When vertically being pressurizeed to the soil body, annular force transmitting board 32 drives the outer top cover 223 together and interior of being slidably installed Top cover 312, which synchronizes, to be moved downward, and applies vertical confining pressure to the soil body, and when pushing, the upper end of vertical guide 2221 is stuck in vertical guide groove In 2231, the upper end of the shear plate 2211 is stuck in shearing board slot, when outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 312 push the soil body together When, soil sample fixed blade 2111 deeply penetrates the soil body, and it is fixed to play the role of the soil body in fixing internal quiescent chamber；It is cut when outside When cutting box 22 with the rotation of hollow gear wheel 51 is sheared, slide construction and Outer Bottom Plating between outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 312 Slide construction between 221 and inner bottom plating 211, which plays, to be enable external circumferential turning cell relative interior quiescent chamber to stablize freely to turn Dynamic effect.Meanwhile the slide construction between outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 312 can be by outer 223 He of top cover in uninstall process Internal head cover 312 rises together, facilitates the preparation of soil sample, at the gap of outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 212 and 221 He of Outer Bottom Plating The cushion layer structure being equipped at the gap of inner bottom plating 211 can be effectively reduced the friction for relatively rotating and generating, and reduce frictional heat generation, Energy consumption of electrical machinery is reduced, guarantees the stabilization hoop rotation of external circumferential turning cell, when 312 vertical lifting of outer top cover 223 and internal head cover When, due to the cooperation of interior conducting bar 2121 and outer guide groove 3151, both played the role of fixed normal direction pressurizing device 31, also can satisfy The requirement of relative displacement is generated between outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 312 and normal direction pressurizing device 31.After applying rotating torque, Under the drive of Outer Bottom Plating 221, the symmetrical shear plate 2211 being arranged on drives the outer 22 inside soil body of shear box to carry out ring To movement, vertical cyclic annular shear surface is being generated in internal stationary room between the soil body.

The course of work for carrying out ring shear test using the utility model is as follows：

One, the preparation of soil sample

Hydraulic servo loading system 3 is controlled by hydraulic servo control system 39 first and carries out axis pressure unloading operation, i.e. liquid Compression leg 35 moves upwards the circumferential lifting upwards of force transmitting board 32 of drive, to facilitate the installation of shear box 2 and the filling and compacting of soil sample.

Stop after annular force transmitting board 32 is lifted to certain altitude, then installs shear box 2 by fixing bolt It is fixed, outer shear box 22 is fixed with hollow gear wheel 51 is sheared, interior shear box 21 and cylindrical cushion cap 141 are fixed.

Normal direction pressurizing device 31 is inserted vertically into the cylindrical hole reserved among shear box 2, lower end is fixed on cylinder and holds On platform 141, and precharge and the zeroing operation of pressure value table are carried out to normal direction pressurizing device 31, the purpose is to make elastic membrane 311 radiuses achieve the effect that fit with interior 21 inner ring of shear box, and so far 2 inside soil sample charge space of shear box is formed.

After charge space is formed, soil sample is poured into shear box 2 and is tamped, the upper surface of soil sample is flattened, The flatness of sample upper surface can pass through the horizontal gas of 312 upper surface of internal head cover by placing outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 312 Bubble instrument 7 is detected and is corrected, and for the synchronous rotation for guaranteeing outer top cover 223, the rammer raising degree of soil sample is not to be exceeded in principle to be cut The height of cutting plate 2211.

Vertical displacement sensor 41 can be corrected and be demarcated in annular 32 uphill process of force transmitting board, it is made to meet examination Test requirement.

Two, sample loads

After when sample upper surface, flatness reaches requirement, by fixing bolt by internal head cover 312 and annular force transmitting board 32 into Row is fixed, and is controlled hydraulic column 35 by hydraulic servo control system 39 and is slowly declined, when under outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 312 When edge and outer cover 222 soon contact, the vertical guide 2221 of 222 inner wall of vertical guide groove 2231 and outer cover is aligned, meanwhile, It is directed at the outer guide groove 3151 of interior conducting bar 2121 and normal direction pressurizing device 31, is then distinguished by hydraulic servo control system 39 Normal stress and vertical confining pressure are applied to sample, and check whether oil pressure meter reading is normal.

After oil pressure meter reading is errorless, quantitative load is carried out to soil sample by hydraulic servo control system 39, is vertically being enclosed During pressure applies, vertically guide rail 2221 slowly declines vertical guide groove 2231, meanwhile, the insertion shearing board slot of shear plate 2211 It is interior.After reaching pressurization preset value, hydraulic servo control system 39 controls hydraulic oil pump 38 and pressurization is stablized in setting value.

Three, shearing test

It is after pressure stabilisation, start stepless frequency conversion motor 53, while shear velocity is set by frequency converter 54, so that stepless 53 stabilization of speed of variable-frequency motor increases to preset value, and driver pinion 52 drives the hollow gear wheel 51 of shearing to be rotated, thus So that external circumferential direction turning cell follows the hollow gear wheel 51 of shearing to be rotated.After shear history starts, check that rotating torque passes The reading of sensor 42, shearing resistance sensor 43 and shear displacemant sensor 44, normal rear start recording data, and in real time Feed back to control device 6 carry out data storage, while the earth pressure gauge 45 being set in soil sample can by circumferential direction near shear surface by Direct stress Real-time Feedback suffered by power face is to control device 6, by combining hydraulic servo loading system 3 to normal stress and erecting Quantitative control is carried out to confining pressure, realizes and the accurate quantification of shear surface soil body confining pressure and normal pressure is controlled.

Four, unloading cleaning

After completing shearing test, hydraulic servo loading system 3 is controlled by hydraulic servo control system 39 and carries out release, Outer top cover 223 and internal head cover 312 are lifted with hydraulic column 35, are removed between outer top cover 223, internal head cover 312 and circumferential force transmitting board 32 Connection bolt, clear up soil sample, repeat the above steps and complete lower battery of tests.

The vertical shearing under different normal stresses, different confining pressures and different shear rate can be respectively completed according to above-mentioned steps Face ring scissor test, and pressure, shearing force, shear displacemant and the time of each period during test are recorded, it is stored in backstage In computer, data are used to carry out peak shear strength, residual strength and strain softening process to soil sample to study, for research High-speed shadowgraph technique landslide slip shearing strength characteristic, announcement Landslide Evolution process and mechanism are of great significance.

Herein, the nouns of locality such as related front, rear, top, and bottom are to be located in figure with components in attached drawing and zero Part mutual position defines, only for the purpose of expressing the technical solution clearly and conveniently.It should be appreciated that the noun of locality Use should not limit the claimed range of the application.

In the absence of conflict, the feature in embodiment and embodiment herein-above set forth can be combined with each other.

The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention, is not intended to limit the utility model, all practical at this Within novel spirit and principle, any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and so on should be included in the guarantor of the utility model Within the scope of shield.

Claims (8)

1. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument that one kind can apply confining pressure, which is characterized in that including frame, shear box, hydraulic watch Loading system, monitoring sensor-based system, shearing dynamical system and control device are taken, the frame support shear box, hydraulic servo add Loading system, monitoring sensor-based system and shearing dynamical system, the shear box includes interior shear box and outer shear box, the interior shearing Box is mounted in outer shear box, and interior shear box and outer shear box are slidably installed together, and the interior shear box is stationary, institute Outer shear box energy hoop rotation is stated, the shearing dynamical system connects outer shear box, and drives the hoop rotation of outer shear box, institute Stating hydraulic servo loading system includes normal direction pressurizing device and annular force transmitting board, and the normal direction pressurizing device is inserted in along the vertical direction The centre of interior shear box, provides normal stress, and the annular force transmitting board is mounted on the top of shear box, transmits vertical confining pressure, institute It states monitoring sensor-based system and incudes the shearing data of soil sample in real time, and be transferred to control device, the control device is accordingly to normal direction The vertical confining pressure of the normal stress of pressurizing device and annular force transmitting board carries out quantitative control.

2. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument according to claim 1 for applying confining pressure, which is characterized in that the frame Including left column, right column, upper reaction beam and pedestal, the left column and right column are fixed on the base, and the shear box exists Between left column and right column, the upper reaction beam is fixed between left column and right column, and upper reaction beam is in shear box Top, the pedestal are fixed by bolt and ground, the cylindrical cushion cap of the intermediate projections of the pedestal one, cylindrical cushion cap with it is interior Fixation is bolted in shear box, and the shearing dynamical system is mounted on the base, and the left column and right column are monitoring The installation of sensor-based system provides support, and the upper reaction beam provides for the installation of hydraulic servo loading system stablizes support and installation Space.

3. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument according to claim 2 for applying confining pressure, which is characterized in that the shearing Dynamical system includes shearing hollow gear wheel, driver pinion, stepless speed-change motor, frequency converter, gear wheel end support bearing It is fixed on the base with connection bearing, the frequency converter in the middle part of gear wheel, the frequency converter connects stepless speed-change motor, the nothing Driver pinion is connected on the active rotating shaft of grade variable speed electric motors, particularly, the driver pinion is engaged with hollow gear wheel is sheared, and is driven The dynamic hollow bull gear drive of shearing, the outer shear box are fixed on the hollow gear wheel of shearing, the hollow gear wheel of shearing Rotation drives the rotation of outer shear box, and the hollow gear wheel of shearing is located on the surrounding of cylindrical cushion cap raised on pedestal, It is provided in the middle part of gear wheel between the hollow gear wheel of shearing and cylindrical cushion cap and connects bearing, the hollow gear wheel of shearing Lower part be connected with the pedestal in frame by gear wheel end support bearing, guarantee that stablizing for the hollow gear wheel of shearing freely turns It is dynamic, the frequency converter can the output revolving speed to stepless speed-change motor carry out stable regulation, and then realize under different shear rate Shear history.

4. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument according to claim 3 for applying confining pressure, which is characterized in that cut outside described Cutting box includes Outer Bottom Plating, outer cover and outer top cover, and the Outer Bottom Plating is bolted on the hollow gear wheel of shearing, the outer cover Lower end be fixed together with Outer Bottom Plating, the inner wall of the outer cover is equipped in the circumferential vertical guide being evenly arranged, the outer bottom Plate is equipped in the circumferential shear plate being evenly arranged, and the position of the shear plate and vertical guide is staggered, the outer top cover it is outer Wall is provided with vertical guide groove compatible with vertical guide, and the bottom of the outer top cover is provided with shear plate compatible with shear plate Outer top cover is inserted into outer cover by slot, and the upper end of the vertical guide is stuck in vertical guide groove, and the upper end of the shear plate, which is stuck in, cuts In cutting plate slot, the rotation of the shearing dynamical system driving Outer Bottom Plating, the rotation of the Outer Bottom Plating drives outer cover rotation, described outer Cover drives vertical guide groove and shearing board slot rotation by vertical guide and shear plate, and then drives outer top cover rotation, is collectively formed External circumferential direction turning cell.

5. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument according to claim 4 for applying confining pressure, which is characterized in that cut in described Cutting box includes inner bottom plating and internal head cover, and the inner bottom plating is equipped in the circumferential soil sample fixed blade being evenly arranged, the interior top The inner wall of lid is equipped with interior conducting bar, and the inner bottom plating is fixed on cylindrical cushion cap, and the internal head cover is connected with annular force transmitting board, altogether With formation internal stationary room.

6. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument according to claim 5 for applying confining pressure, which is characterized in that the interior top The top of lid is provided with horizontal bubble instrument, and the discharge outlet being circumferentially distributed everywhere is provided on the inner bottom plating, downward along discharge outlet It is provided with rhone, and the rhone extends in the pedestal below inner bottom plating, drainpipe, the row are laid in the rhone One layer of filter screen is equipped at the mouth of a river, the discharge outlet is equipped with a sealing cover, and the sealing cover can be carried out rotation, and then the row of realization The opening and sealing at the mouth of a river, for realizing draining shear history and undrained shear process.

7. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument according to claim 5 for applying confining pressure, which is characterized in that the interior top Lid includes inner cover plate and extension plate, and the extension plate is located at the outside of inner cover plate, and is integrally formed with inner cover plate, the extension plate Lower section be equipped with the sliding slot that is recessed inwardly, the outer top cover is located at the lower section of extension plate, and the top of outer top cover is equipped with and sliding slot Compatible draw runner, the draw runner can slide in sliding slot, and then outer top cover is made to rotate relative to internal head cover；The outer bottom Plate includes outside plate and outer extension plate, and the outer extension plate is located at the inside of outside plate, and is integrally formed, and the inner bottom plating includes inner panel With interior extension plate, the interior extension plate is located at the outside of inner panel, and is integrally formed, and the interior extension plate and outer extension plate are set relatively It sets, guide groove is provided on the inside of the interior extension plate, the inside of the outer extension plate is equipped with conducting bar compatible with guide groove, described to lead Item can slide in guide groove, and then Outer Bottom Plating is made to rotate relative to inner bottom plating.

8. the vertical shearing face ring scissor test instrument according to claim 7 for applying confining pressure, which is characterized in that the outer top The length of lid cross section is consistent with the length of extension plate cross section, the width of the outer top cover cross section and extension plate cross section The sum of width it is consistent with the width of inner cover plate cross section, bed course is equipped at the gap of the outer top cover and internal head cover；It is described The length of interior extension plate cross section and the length of outer extension plate cross section are consistent, and the width and outside plate of the inner panel cross section are horizontal The width in section is consistent, and bed course is equipped at the gap of the Outer Bottom Plating and inner bottom plating.