CN106840810B - A kind of ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device suitable for vertical shearing face - Google Patents
A kind of ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device suitable for vertical shearing face Download PDFInfo
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- CN106840810B CN106840810B CN201710235660.1A CN201710235660A CN106840810B CN 106840810 B CN106840810 B CN 106840810B CN 201710235660 A CN201710235660 A CN 201710235660A CN 106840810 B CN106840810 B CN 106840810B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/286—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q involving mechanical work, e.g. chopping, disintegrating, compacting, homogenising
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/02—Details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of ring shear test suitable for vertical shearing face and preparation of soil sample device, including shear box, jacking system, dynamic rotation system, monitor control system, preparation of soil sample system and frame, shear plate is fixed on annular bottom plate along annular bottom plate is radially uniform, shear box outer cover cover is buckled on annular bottom plate and shear plate, fixed with annular bottom plate by conducting bar and guide groove assembling, shear box outer cover is connected with the rotary arm of dynamic rotation system, transmit moment of torsion, the centering of shaft coupling pressing plate is in the centre bore of the outer cowl top panel of shear box, and driven by jacking system and carry out normal force loading, annular bottom plate centering is nested on cylindrical support platform, under rotating torque effect, it is vertical shearing face that annular bottom plate, which drives interior cylindrical side caused by shear plate progress circular motion,；The present invention is able to ensure that on shear surface that shear displacemant and distribution of shear stress are uniform, and the thickness in vertical shearing face is unrestricted, has the function that prepared by sample and vertical shearing is tested concurrently.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ring shear test instrument, and in particular to a kind of ring shear test and soil sample suitable for vertical shearing face
Preparation facilities, belongs to soil test engineering device technique field.
Background technology
Direct shear apparatus and simple shear apparatus are the relatively early earthwork test Instruments for being applied to the research of soil body shearing-resistance characteristic.However, both
Instrument is limited in that the soil body shearing test that can neither realize larger displacement, it is also difficult to shear surface is kept during experiment
Product is constant.Until the appearance of ring shear apparatus, two above difficult point is just addressed, while also assures that sample can be in continuous displacement
Under the conditions of sheared.
The development of ring shear apparatus starts from the 1920s.The ring shear apparatus design concept of early stage is relatively simple, and function compares
It is single, generally it is mainly used for studying residual strength property of the soil body after shear surface generation；Then, scientific and technical development also band
Continuously improving with perfect for ring shear apparatus has been moved, has obtained apparent raising in terms of test accuracy first, in addition, the work(of instrument
It can start variation, simple gradual expand to of soil strength research can only be carried out since most can carry out soil body failure by shear
The research of process.During this period, Kyoto Univ Japan marches at the forefront of the world in the research and development field of ring shear apparatus device.Wherein assistant assistant is respectful
The high speed ring shear test instrument that the successes such as two professors are developed, can not only realize computer whole-process control, but also can pass through scene
The altitude simulation (such as dynamic load environment such as earthquake, groundwater environment etc.) of geological conditions is sent out to disclose slip-crack surface in process of landslides
Raw stress variation, pore water pressure change and possible liquefaction phenomenon.Most importantly, this ring shear apparatus realizes height
Speed shearing (shear rate is up to 300cm/s), this performance provide experiment base for the research of high-speed shadowgraph technique genesis mechanism
Plinth.
These above-mentioned ring shear apparatus are typically all to be designed based on following characteristics：The normal direction of shear surface and shearing angular speed
Direction vector is parallel.However, this feature can cause following problem：In shear history on whole shear surface angular speed it is consistent,
Displacement difference is cut by causing along on radial direction shear surface, so as to cause shearing stress distribution uneven.
For this reason, designer reduces the shear stress of inside and outside interannular with this usually by the sufficiently small of the thickness design of shearing ring
Gap, and using cutting displacement and shear stress and represent displacement and the stress on whole contact surface at sample center ring, so that
Ignore error caused by shearing stress distribution inequality.Consequently, it is possible to the shearing face thickness of this type ring shear apparatus is limited to smaller value,
Bulky grain presence is thus not allow in test sample.
But in actual geotechnical engineering, particularly with regard to the landslide natural calamity field of rock-soil mass deformation and destruction, met
To rock soil mass types be extremely complex, wherein ground particle size is also not of uniform size, and often there are large particulate matter, example
Such as block stone, rubble.And conventional ring shear test instrument is due to the limitation of size itself, the mechanics for being only applicable to small particle soil sample is special
Journal of Sex Research, is but difficult almost the true mechanical characteristic of the actual Rock And Soil of simulation.
Therefore, two aspect deficiency (shear surface shearing stress distribution inequality above is had based on conventional ring shear apparatus；Shear face thickness
Smaller, test sample is not allow for bulky grain presence, it is difficult to the true mechanical characteristic of the actual Rock And Soil of simulation), it is necessary to develop
A kind of new large-scale ring shear test instrument for being suitable for vertical shearing (shear plane method to vertical with shearing angular velocity vector direction)
And the ground sample preparation device to match therewith, to make up above-mentioned both sides deficiency.
The content of the invention
Based on shear surface shearing stress distribution existing for existing ring shear apparatus is uneven, shearing face thickness is smaller, test sample does not allow
There is deficiency existing for bulky grain, the present invention is intended to provide a kind of be suitable for vertical shearing, i.e., shear plane method is to shearing angular speed
The vertical ring shear test instrument of direction vector, available for the peak strength and residual strength of test gravelly soil, carrying out the soil body should soften
Change characteristic research, while the Research on Mechanical Properties suitable for soil under the conditions of big shear displacemant.And developing such ring shear apparatus
Meanwhile in order to meet the needs of this kind of ring shear test instrument is prepared for experiment ground sample early period, and in order to further complete
It is apt to such ring shear test equipment system, the present invention also designs a kind of ground sample to match with such ring shear apparatus and prepares dress
Put.Therefore, this invention address that developing a kind of ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device suitable for vertical shearing face.
Technical solution is used by realizing the object of the invention, a kind of ring shear test and soil sample suitable for vertical shearing face
Preparation facilities, including at least shear box, jacking system, dynamic rotation system and frame, the shear box is including turning cell and not
Dynamic room two parts, wherein turning cell include shear box outer cover, annular bottom plate and more than the 1 piece shear plate placed vertically, shear plate
It is fixed on along annular bottom plate is radially uniform on annular bottom plate, shear box outer cover cover is buckled on annular bottom plate and shear plate, described to cut
Cut the cover cylinder of box outer cover and annular bottom plate and fixed by being arranged at conducting bar therebetween and guide groove assembling, the top of shear box outer cover
Plate is ring flat-plate, offers the shearing board slot identical with shear plate quantity thereon, for shear plate be embedded in, the top plate of shear box outer cover with
The rotary arm connection of dynamic rotation system, transmits moment of torsion；The motionless room includes rubber washer, shaft coupling pressing plate and cylinder branch
Platform is supportted, the shaft coupling pressing plate centering drives carry out method in the centre bore of the outer cowl top panel of shear box, and by jacking system
Being loaded to power, the cylindrical support platform is connected with frame, and annular bottom plate centering is nested on cylindrical support platform, and
The size in gap between the two is controlled by rubber washer；Preparation of soil sample system is further included, the preparation of soil sample system includes logical
Two groups of sample preparation units that landing set of rails is oriented to are crossed, two groups of pressure-like units are symmetrically distributed in shear box both sides, the pressure-like unit
It is made of straight-line displacement Power Component and its semi-cylindrical backplate of driving, semi-cylindrical backplate is oriented to by landing set of rails,
Its internal diameter is identical with the diameter of sample to be pressed, and sample preparation conducting bar, institute are vertically equipped with the intrados of semi-cylindrical backplate
State that sample preparation conducting bar is identical with the conducting bar shape inside shear box and position is corresponding.
The central protuberance of the cylindrical support platform, annular bottom plate centering is nested on the lug boss, in annular bottom plate
Lower wall ball is equipped between the remainder of cylindrical support platform, lower wall ball is contacted with annular bottom plate lower surface.
The jacking system includes hydraulic elevator, frequency converter and hydraulic elevator platform, and hydraulic elevator is fixed on frame,
Lifted by transducer drive hydraulic elevator platform, shaft coupling pressing plate is connected with being arranged at the vertical pivot at hydraulic elevator platform center.
The hydraulic elevator platform falls pyramidal structure for three layers, and hydraulic elevator is connected with upper strata, and middle level is installed on lower surface
There is guide rail, bottom table top center is equipped with a vertical pivot, which is connected with shaft coupling pressing plate.
The dynamic rotation system is installed on hydraulic elevator platform lower part, including motor, gear, hollow gear shaft, vertical axis
Hold and upper disk ball, the hollow gear shaft are set on the vertical pivot of hydraulic elevator platform, vertical axis, which takes up, to be assigned in therebetween, empty
The lower end of heart gear shaft is connected with rotary arm, upper disk ball be installed on hollow gear shaft top surface and with hydraulic elevator platform
Bottom table top is in contact, and the motor is installed on by sliding block on the guide rail in hydraulic elevator platform middle level, and it is defeated that gear is installed on motor
Engaged on shaft, with hollow gear shaft.
The frame includes base and the two root posts for being fixed on base front and rear sides, and hydraulic elevator is fixed on two and stands
On column, the left and right ends on hydraulic elevator platform upper strata have guide hole, are passed through for the two root posts of frame, two groups of pressure-like units pair
Claim the left and right sides for being distributed in shear box, do not interfere with each other with jacking system.
Further include monitor control system, monitor control system include controller, signal-transmitting cable, angular displacement sensor,
Rotating torque sensor and more than 2 earth pressure gauges, angular displacement sensor are installed on rotary arm, rotating torque sensor peace
On middle part gear ring loaded on hollow gear shaft, each earth pressure gauge is uniformly distributed in the soil sample in shear box, angular displacement sensor,
By signal-transmitting cable access controller, the hydraulic elevator of jacking system, move for rotating torque sensor and earth pressure gauge
The motor of power rotary system and the straight-line displacement Power Component of preparation of soil sample system are controlled by controller to be run.
The base of the frame is structure as a whole with cylindrical support platform, and the edge of frame base is provided with annular groove,
It is embedded in for the lower end of shear box outer cover, is provided with rhone in the middle part of cylindrical support platform, the notch surface of rhone is covered with one
Layer felt, groove is interior to be laid with one piece of water filter plate, and slot bottom is connected with drainpipe.
It is radially even on the lower surface of the shaft coupling pressing plate and on the upper surface of cylindrical support platform to set 2
Above raised line.
The landing set of rails includes center landing guide rail and the avris landing guide rail for being symmetrically distributed in its both sides, described
Straight-line displacement Power Component includes counter-force pedestal and the hydraulic telescopic machanism being mounted thereon.
As shown from the above technical solution, the ring shear test and the preparation of soil sample provided by the invention suitable for vertical shearing face fills
Put, main body includes shear box, hydraulic lifting system, dynamic rotation system, frame, monitor control system and preparation of soil sample system six
A funtion part, its middle frame provide installation position for the installation of other funtion parts, and the column of the left and right sides of frame is main to use
In transmitting the anti-active force for being applied to it of hydraulic lifting system, frame is fixed on cement flooring using big model bolt, makes it
Play the role of protection test equipment during experiment and reaction of bearing is provided；The ring that shear box is used to carry out soil sample cuts examination
Test, including turning cell and motionless room two parts, shear box outer cover are rotating transmission members, shear box outer cover passes through with annular bottom plate
Conducting bar therebetween and guide groove assembling fixation are arranged at, cylindrical support platform is a part for frame base, while is again
One part of shear box, primarily serves support soil sample and provides the effect of buffer brake, in the middle part of cylindrical support platform
The circular platform of protrusion forms the upper and lower interface of motionless room together with shaft coupling pressing plate, in cylindrical support tabletop of platform radially etc.
Angular distribution has a plurality of trapezoidal raised line, and cylindrical support platform surrounding depression forms annular groove, primarily to meeting shear box
Outer cover in sample consolidation loading procedure has enough decline spaces；When rotary arm transmits vertical pressure, shear box outer cover
The guide groove that the vertical conducting bar of madial wall can be relied on to be opened up along on annular bottom plate is migrated downwards, and shear plate can be along shear box outer cover top
End face shearing board slot rises, and shearing board slot allows shear plate along notch by the way that shaft coupling pressing plate can be in the control of hydraulic elevator platform
System is lower to be produced to bottom offset, applies vertical pressure to soil sample step by step, therefore can realize the transmission of the consolidation and soil pressure of soil sample,
A plurality of inverted trapezoidal raised line is radially angularly distributed with shaft coupling pressing plate bottom surface, during pushing, on shaft coupling pressing plate bottom surface and cylinder
Raised line on shape support platform table top is deeply rolled into the soil body jointly, plays the role of fixed indoor soil sample；Work as rotary arm
When providing rotating torque, shear box outer cover and then rotates together, since the conducting bar of shear box outer cover madial wall blocks annular bottom plate
Guide groove, and shear plate block shear box outer cover top end face shearing board slot, therefore annular bottom plate along lower wall ball by with
Rotate together, turning cell is formed, along the radially uniform fixed polylith shear plate of annular bottom plate on annular bottom plate, by annular bottom plate pair
In be nested on the cylindrical support platform of frame base, and be equipped with a circle elastic tape therebetween to control gap between the two
Size, while be laid with annular bottom plate lower wall ball with facilitate annular bottom plate carry out fixed-axis rotation, in this way, in rotatory force
Under square effect, it is vertical shearing face that annular bottom plate, which drives interior cylindrical side caused by shear plate progress circular motion,.
Hydraulic lifting system is connected with frame, including hydraulic elevator, frequency converter and hydraulic elevator platform, left and right hydraulic lifting
Machine is separately mounted on the column at left and right sides of frame, and frequency converter is adjusting the elevation rate of hydraulic elevator, hydraulic lifting
Platform is in three layers of upper, middle and lower turriform on front view, and upper strata is cuboid thickness tablet, its left and right ends has guide hole, for
The two root posts of frame extend there through, while upper strata both ends are connected with the hydraulic elevator being fixed on upright of frame, can make liquid
Pressure lifting platform lifts under the driving of hydraulic elevator；Middle level is size with respect to the less tablet in upper strata, with upper strata actually
One, middle level is provided with guide rail on lower surface, horizontally slips for the motor of dynamic rotation system along guide rail；Bottom is a pressurization
Table top, table top center are welded with a vertical pivot, which mutually welds with shaft coupling pressing plate, it is formed an entirety, plays to shaft coupling pressure
Plate transmits the effect of vertical pressure.
Dynamic rotation system is installed on hydraulic elevator platform lower part, including motor, gear, hollow gear shaft, vertical bearing and
Upper disk ball, hollow gear shaft are a hollow rotary vertical pivots, its middle part is hollowed out so that foregoing vertical pivot is nested in
Wherein, hollow gear shaft is internally provided with the vertical bearing with ball, and hollow gear shaft can be made arbitrarily to be rotated around center vertical pivot, empty
Upper disk ball is set in heart gear shaft top end surface, and the region being located at hydraulic elevator platform bottom on the outside of vertical pivot directly offsets,
Both the consolidation pressure of hydraulic elevator platform application can have been transmitted, can also hollow gear shaft is rotated freely around vertical pivot；In hollow gear shaft
Portion protrusion gear ring with left and right two motor output shafts on gear be meshed, and by its with rotate hollow gear shaft bottom and
Four equally distributed rotary arm welding, can pass to shear box by rotating torque by rotary arm；Before motor is installed on
On the guide rail in the text hydraulic elevator platform middle level, mutually nibbled by the gear on output shaft and the gear ring on aforementioned hollow gear shaft
Close, motor can by power pass to hollow gear shaft, when sample carry out consolidation early period when, motor can slide to two along guide rail
Side, is allowed to separate with hollow gear shaft；When needing to carry out style shearing, motor is needed again along guide rail slid inward, makes electricity
The gear on gear and hollow gear shaft on machine transmission shaft is progressively engaged, then starts shearing test.
Preparation of soil sample system is then used for the preparation for testing soil sample early period, and preparation of soil sample system is in left-right direction on cylinder
Shear box designed in symmetrical distribution, shear box of the frame along anteroposterior direction on cylinder is designed in symmetrical distribution.
Therefore, sample preparation link is not interfere with each other with experiment link, is used in combination, is formed complete test operation system.Preparation of soil sample system
In, counter-force pedestal is used to install hydraulic telescopic machanism, and hydraulic telescopic machanism is used to dominate semi-cylindrical backplate or so telescopic moving,
Land set of rails to be installed on work top, bootable semi-cylindrical backplate slides along, and play the guiding role.Semi-cylindrical backplate
It is mainly used for forming sample preparation space, apron outer surface and the telescopic mast of hydraulic telescopic machanism mutually weld, and both sides are designed with otic placode, ear
Bolt hole is distributed with plate vertically, otic placode inner surface protrudes the sample preparation conducting bar of half conducting bar shape, hit exactly on the inside of backplate
The sample preparation conducting bar of conducting bar shape, formation and the identical position distribution of conducting bar inside shear box are protruded, sample preparation conducting bar
Effect can interlock when being sample preparation with the guide groove on annular bottom plate, and the sample periphery that can make to make has the corresponding bar shaped recessed
Groove, to meet the topology requirement of follow-up ring shear test equipment.
Internal moisture needs to exclude when being consolidated in view of soil sample, and the present invention is set in the cylindrical support platform of frame base
Rhone is put, and the notch surface of rhone is covered with one layer of felt, is laid with one piece of water filter plate in groove, the soil sample being mingled with is crossed in drainage
Grain, slot bottom are connected with drainpipe, are mainly played a role in the drainage in soil sample consolidation and shear history；Drainpipe is arranged on framework bottom
In seat, it is connected with draining trench bottom, for the draining during Control experiment.
In addition, the present invention also sets up monitor control system, monitor control system can be used for realizing human-computer interaction, testing crew
Operation control can be carried out to experiment process by controller, while the prison with sensor in back-to-back testing is stored by controller
Data are surveyed, which includes controller, signal-transmitting cable, angular displacement sensor, rotating torque sensor and more than 2 soil pressures
Power meter；Angular displacement sensor is installed on rotary arm, for measuring the turned angle of shear box in shear history, the sensing
Monitoring data are fed back to controller by device in time, are stored data so as to controller or are made dependent instruction in time to motor progress
SERVO CONTROL；Rotating torque sensor is installed on the middle part gear ring of hollow gear shaft, is carried for monitoring motor in shear history
The rotating torque of confession, while data can be fed back to controller in time by the sensor, to facilitate controller storage data or timely
Make dependent instruction and SERVO CONTROL is carried out to motor；Earth pressure gauge is divided into four vertical setting of types, and each vertical setting of types respectively has four earth pressure gauges,
Equidistantly distributed from top to bottom, four vertical setting of types are laid in the soil sample of the motionless room of shear box in cylinder, are located proximate in setting
Good cylindrical shear surface, the dynamometry face of earth pressure gauge are mainly used for measurement and load and shear in sample parallel to shear surface
During normal pressure on shear surface, earth pressure gauge can by signal-transmitting cable by the pressure data measured in real time
Feeding back to controller, then controller in time can carry out hydraulic elevator platform SERVO CONTROL to adjust to sample plus unloading, from
And ensure the normal pressure in sample shear history on vertical shear face and remain unchanged.
Compared with existing ring shear apparatus, the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device provided by the invention suitable for vertical shearing face
The advantages of be：
1st, the present invention have devised a kind of experimental rig for producing vertical cylindrical shear surface, and the normal direction of its shear surface is vertical
In shearing angular velocity vector direction.
2nd, while the present invention can realize big displacement shearing and keep the section of shear constant, it can be ensured that cut on shear surface
Cut displacement and distribution of shear stress is uniform, vertical shearing face is rotated by polylith shear plate to be formed, vertical in shear history to control
Shear breakage is formed uniformly, and can avoid the shear surface soil body during being cut caused by shear plate is very few or laying is uneven
Destroy non-uniform phenomenon.
3rd, the ring different from the past suitable for the ring shear test in vertical shearing face and preparation of soil sample device provided by the invention
Scissor test instrument, ring shear test instrument of the invention does not require the width of shear surface, therefore the size of sample is unrestricted, can fit
Large Shear for bulky grain soil-rock mixture is tested, it is easier to simulates the mechanical property of sliding soil within landslide zones reality.
4th, the present invention is configured with computer servo control system, hydraulic lifting system can be controlled, according to experiment
Demand is carried out plus unloaded to sample in real time, and receives monitoring data in real time by computer and data are stored；Can
The monitoring data fed back by receiving rotating torque sensor, make dependent instruction to motor in time, realize Torque Control；
The monitoring data fed back by receiving angular displacement sensor, make dependent instruction to motor in time, realize Bit andits control；It is logical
Cross and receive the monitoring data that earth pressure gauge is fed back, carrying out SERVO CONTROL to hydraulic elevator platform in time adds sample with adjusting
Unloading, so as to ensure that level-one normal pressure in sample shear history on vertical shear face remains unchanged；Can be to the preparation of soil sample
System is automatically controlled, and automates sample making course.
5th, present invention design landing set of rails is oriented to semi-cylindrical backplate, can make semi-cylindrical backplate migration process
It is easy and convenient, it can also make the clutch guiding of two pieces of left and right backplate in sample making course more accurate.
6th, the present invention is reasonable in design, for testing the preparation of soil sample system of the preparation of soil sample in left-right direction on cylinder
The shear box of shape is designed in symmetrical distribution, shearing of the frame for vertical ring shear test along anteroposterior direction on cylinder
Box is designed in symmetrical distribution.Therefore, sample preparation link is not interfere with each other with experiment link, is used in combination, and forms complete experiment behaviour
Make system, have the function that prepared by sample and vertical shearing is tested concurrently.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 removes hydraulic lifting to be provided by the invention suitable for the ring shear test in vertical shearing face and preparation of soil sample device
Overlook direction structure diagram after platform and dynamic rotation system.
Fig. 2 is the structure chart of preparation of soil sample system.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart that the present invention removes remaining device after preparation of soil sample system.
Fig. 4 is the AA of Fig. 3 to profile.
Fig. 5 is the BB of Fig. 3 to profile.
Fig. 6 is the CC of Fig. 3 to profile.
Fig. 7 is the structure diagram of semi-cylindrical backplate.
Fig. 8 is the connection structure diagram of annular bottom plate and shear plate.
Wherein, 100- shear boxs, 200- jacking systems, 300- preparation of soil sample systems；1- frames, 2- hydraulic elevators, 3-
Frequency converter, 4- gears, 5- angular displacement sensors, 6- shaft coupling pressing plates, 7- rubber washers A, 8- shear box outer cover, 9- earth pressure gauges,
10- soil samples, 11- bases, 12- annular grooves, 13- drainpipes, 14- cement floorings, 15- cylindrical support platforms, the rolling of 16- lower walls
Pearl, 17- annular bottom plates, 18- rubber washers B, 19- rhone, 20- controllers, 21- rotary arms, 22- vertical pivots, 23- hollow tooths
Wheel shaft, 24- rotating torque sensors, the vertical bearings of 25-, 26- columns, 27- guide rails, 28- motors, the upper disk balls of 29-, 30- liquid
Press lifting platform, 31- hydraulic elevator platforms upper strata, 32- hydraulic elevator platforms middle level, 33- hydraulic elevator platform bottoms, 34- shear plates, 35-
Shearing board slot, 36- guide grooves, 37- conducting bars, 38- gear rings, 39- guide holes, 40- motor output shafts, 41- felt, 42- raised lines, 43- are convex
The portion of rising, 44- semi-cylindrical backplates, 45- avris landing guide rail, 46- centers landing guide rail, 47- counter-force pedestals, 48- oil pumps, 49-
Binodal horizontal extension column, 50- sample preparation conducting bars, 51- otic placodes, 52- guide wheels, 53- half shape sample preparation conducting bars.
Embodiment
The present invention is illustrated in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, present disclosure is not limited to following
Embodiment.
Ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device provided by the invention suitable for vertical shearing face, its structure as shown in Figure 1,
Including shear box 100, jacking system 200, dynamic rotation system, preparation of soil sample system 300, monitor control system and frame 1；
Referring to Fig. 3, the frame 1 supports whole test structure, including base 11 and is fixed on two of 11 both sides of base
Column 26, the middle part of base 11 are provided with rhone 19, and the notch surface of rhone 19 is covered with one layer of felt 41, one piece is laid with groove
Water filter plate, slot bottom are connected with drainpipe 13, for the draining during Control experiment；The edge of 1 base 11 of frame is provided with ring
Shape groove 12, is embedded in for the lower end of shear box outer cover 8；Frame 1 is fixed on cement flooring 14 using big model bolt, make its
Play the role of protection test equipment during experiment and reaction of bearing is provided；
Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6, the shear box includes turning cell and motionless room two parts, and wherein turning cell includes shear box
The shear plate 34 that outer cover 8, annular bottom plate 17 and 4 pieces are placed vertically, as shown in figure 8,4 pieces of shear plates 34 along annular bottom plate 17 radially
Equidistantly it is welded on annular bottom plate 17, and its width is equal to the width of annular bottom plate 17, the cover of shear box outer cover 8 is buckled in annular bottom
On plate 17 and shear plate 34,4 vertically arranged conducting bars of radially even setting on the cover tube inner surface of shear box outer cover 8
37, the edge of annular bottom plate 17 is radially even to open up 4 guide grooves 36 to match with 37 shape of cross section of conducting bar, guide groove 36
Between adjacent 2 pieces of shear plates 34, shear box outer cover 8 and annular bottom plate 17 are by the cooperation of the conducting bar 37 and guide groove 36 into luggage
With fixation, thus, annular bottom plate 17, shear plate 34 and shear box outer cover 8 form a whole, common rotation, shear box outer cover 8
Top plate be ring flat-plate, offer thereon and position identical with shear plate quantity it is corresponding shearing board slot 35, it is embedding for shear plate 34
Enter, and allow shear plate 34 to pass through the top plate of shear box outer cover 8 and 4 rotary arms 21 of dynamic rotation system along notch
Welding, welding position and the position of conducting bar 37 or guide groove 36 of 4 rotary arms 21 correspond, and are total to diameter two-by-two, transmit
The moment of torsion of dynamic rotation system loads；The motionless room includes shaft coupling pressing plate 6, rubber washer A7, rubber washer B18 and cylinder
Support platform 15, cylindrical support platform 15 are actually a part for frame base 11, and the center of frame base 11 is grand upwards
Rise and form the cylindrical support platform 15, the central protuberance of cylindrical support platform 15,17 centering of annular bottom plate is nested in this
On lug boss 43, and by the size in rubber washer B18 controls gap between the two, in annular bottom plate 17 and cylindrical support
Lower wall ball 16 is equipped between the remainder of platform 15, lower wall ball 16 is contacted with 17 lower surface of annular bottom plate, the shaft coupling
6 centering of pressing plate embedded in 8 top plate of shear box outer cover centre bore in, on its lower surface and cylindrical support platform 15 lug boss
More than 2 raised lines 42 of radially even setting, shaft coupling pressing plate 6 drive progress normal force to add by jacking system on 43 upper surface
Carry, can be produced under the control of jacking system to bottom offset, vertical pressure, at the same time, shaft coupling pressure are applied to soil sample 10 step by step
Raised line 42 on plate 6 and lug boss 43 is deeply rolled into the soil body, plays the role of fixed indoor soil sample 10；
The jacking system includes two groups of hydraulic elevators 2, frequency converter 3 and hydraulic elevator platform 30, two groups of hydraulic elevators 2
It is individually fixed in the two root posts 26 of frame 1, drives hydraulic elevator platform 30, the hydraulic elevator platform 30 is three layers of knot of falling tower
Structure, hydraulic elevator 2 are connected with hydraulic elevator platform upper strata 31, and the rear and front end on hydraulic elevator platform upper strata 31 has guide hole
39, passed through for the two root posts 26 of frame 1, i.e., jacking system is in symmetrical along anteroposterior direction on cylindrical shear box
Distribution designs, and two guide rails 27, the bottom of hydraulic elevator platform 33 are symmetrically installed with 32 lower surface of middle level of hydraulic elevator platform
Face center is equipped with a vertical pivot 22, which is connected with shaft coupling pressing plate 6, transmits pressure；
Referring to Fig. 4 and Fig. 5, the dynamic rotation system is installed on 30 lower part of hydraulic elevator platform, including two motors 28, two
A gear 4, hollow gear shaft 23, vertical bearing 25 and upper disk ball 29, the hollow gear shaft 23 are set in hydraulic elevator platform
On 30 vertical pivot 22, vertical bearing 25 is assemblied in therebetween, and hollow gear shaft 23 can be made arbitrarily to be rotated around vertical pivot 22, hollow
The lower end of gear shaft 23 is connected with rotary arm 21, upper disk ball 29 be installed on 23 top surface of hollow gear shaft and with hydraulic pressure liter
33 table top of bottom of drop platform is in contact, and the motor 28 is installed on by sliding block on the guide rail 27 in 30 middle level 32 of hydraulic elevator platform,
It can horizontally slip along guide rail, gear 4 is installed on the output shaft 40 of motor, and is nibbled with the middle part gear ring 38 of hollow gear shaft 23
Close；
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, preparation of soil sample system 300 is in symmetrical on the shear box 100 of cylinder along left and right directions
Distribution design, the preparation of soil sample system include two groups of sample preparation units being oriented to by landing set of rails, two groups of pressure-like units pair
Title is distributed in 100 both sides of shear box, described by counter-force pedestal 47, oil pump 48, binodal horizontal extension column 49 and its semicircle of driving
Cylindricality backplate 44 is formed, and counter-force pedestal 47 is in boots shape, is formed by concreting, and left and right is on cylindrical sample platform pair
Claim, respectively poured a counter-force pedestal 47, its upper part is square, and lower part is trapezoidal, is stretched for installing oil pump 48 and binodal level
Contracting column 49, oil pump 48 are installed on the top of counter-force pedestal 47, can accurately be controlled by controller, binodal horizontal extension column 49 is installed on instead
The square end surface on 47 top of power pedestal, available for the 44 elastic movement of semi-cylindrical backplate is dominated, semi-cylindrical backplate 44 is logical
Cross landing set of rails guiding, the landing set of rails in being horizontally mounted on work top, including center landing guide rail 46 with
And the avris landing guide rail 45 of its both sides is symmetrically distributed in, bootable semi-cylindrical backplate 44 slides along, described referring to Fig. 7
Semi-cylindrical backplate 44 is symmetrical on cylindrical support platform 15, is mainly used for forming sample preparation space, semi-cylindrical backplate 44 pushes up
Portion is concordant with the top of shear plate 34, and outer surface is welded with 49 phase of binodal horizontal extension column, and both sides are designed with otic placode 51, otic placode 51
On bolt hole is distributed with vertically, bolt during for sample preparation between left-and-right guard board is fixed, and otic placode inner surface protrudes half
Shape sample preparation conducting bar 53,44 intrados center position of semi-cylindrical backplate are vertically equipped with sample preparation conducting bar 50, above-mentioned sample preparation
Conducting bar 50,53 can be manually retracted into inside semi-cylindrical backplate 44, can also be transferred to by hand from the inside of semi-cylindrical backplate 44,
Its effect can interlock when being sample preparation with annular bottom plate 17 guide groove 36, and the sample periphery that can make to make has accordingly
Strip groove, to meet the topology requirement of follow-up ring shear test equipment, 44 bottom of semi-cylindrical backplate is provided with three and leads altogether
Wheel 52, is each guide wheel in otic placode bottom of both sides respectively, and one guide wheel of backplate bottom center installation, and guide wheel 52 can be along falling
Ground set of rails rolls；
The monitor control system includes controller 20, signal-transmitting cable, angular displacement sensor 5, rotating torque sensing
Device 24 and 16 earth pressure gauges 9, angular displacement sensor 5 are installed on rotary arm 21, for measuring the angle cut in experiment,
Rotating torque sensor 24 is installed on the gear ring 38 of hollow gear shaft 23, for monitoring the rotation that motor provides in shear history
Power, 16 earth pressure gauges 9 divide respectively has four earth pressure gauges for 4 vertical setting of types, each vertical setting of types, from top to bottom equidistantly distributed, four
Vertical setting of types is laid in the soil sample 10 of the motionless room of shear box in cylinder, is located proximate in the cylindrical shear surface set, angle position
Displacement sensor 5, rotating torque sensor 24 and earth pressure gauge 9 pass through signal-transmitting cable access controller 20, controller 20
Mandatory operation is carried out to hydraulic elevator 2, motor 4 and oil pump 48 by signal-transmitting cable at the same time.
Big type ring is carried out using the ring shear test provided by the invention suitable for vertical shearing face and preparation of soil sample device to cut
The basic process of experiment is as follows：
First, sample preparation
Before this step, controller, i.e. computer are first operated, two motors in left and right is slided to two respectively along guide rail
Side.Hydraulic elevator lifting is then controlled by computer, hydraulic elevator platform is driven shaft coupling pressing plate and shear box outer cover one
Rise and rise, to facilitate sample preparation link that there is enough operating spaces.
First, the i.e. half shape sample preparation conducting bar of a quarter circle raised line that otic placode inner surface protrudes manually is contracted
Enter inside otic placode (to facilitate backplate to make smooth advances to cylindrical support platform, and interlocking with annular bottom plate thereon)；
Then start operate computer system, control hydraulic telescopic machanism promote left-and-right guard board along landing guide rail evenly
Drawn close to cylindrical support platform, will subcylindrical support platform when, slow down fltting speed, make to treat that center is prominent on the inside of backplate
The sample preparation conducting bar gone out slowly interlocks with the semicircle guide groove on annular bottom plate left and right directions, can transfer to by hand on otic placode afterwards
A quarter circle raised line, makes it interlock with the semicircle guide groove on annular bottom plate anteroposterior direction.The effect of sample preparation conducting bar is system
It can interlock during sample with the semicircle guide groove on endless metal bottom plate, and the sample periphery that can make to make has corresponding bar shaped
Groove, to meet the topology requirement of follow-up ring shear test equipment.
By bolt on the bolt hole bolt on otic placode, two valve backplates can be fastened, make backplate and the close phase of annular bottom plate
Button, and collectively form sample preparation space.It can enclose in the sample preparation space of limit to be layered toward backplate afterwards and pour into soil sample and carry out layering feather plucking
Compacting, carries out sample preparation.
After the completion of soil sample compaction in layers, a hour can be suitably waited, you can unload bolt from bolt hole, then hand
Building site is retracted otic placode inner surface a quarter circle raised line.At this time, you can easily operate computer program, control hydraulically extensible
Mechanism, the semi-cylindrical belt wheel backplate uniform speed slow of the right and left is separated, and both sides is pulled to along landing guide rail, for subsequently large-scale
Ring shear test vacating space.So far, prepared by sample completes.
2nd, sample loads
Firstly the need of operation computer, two motors in left and right is slided to both sides respectively along guide rail, then proceed to operation meter
Calculation machine, control hydraulic elevator, which drives, slowly to be declined.At this time lifting platform with shaft coupling pressing plate and shear box outer cover together slowly under
Drop.When shear box outer cover lower edge will be close with sample, it is necessary to be directed at semicircle conducting bar and the examination of box metal casing inner wall
Sample edge is rolled the guide groove (4 guide grooves that this sample guide groove and annular bottom plate outer edge be equidistant to be provided with are corresponding) come, is aligned
Afterwards, continue slowly to decline, until metal casing top end face and shaft coupling pressing plate are contacted with sample top surface (since strip is cut completely
The locus of cutting plate groove is just corresponding with four pieces of shear plates, and therefore, shear plate is against on strip shearing board slot just).It
Afterwards, it can transmit vertical pressure by manipulating hydraulic elevator by rotary arm and center vertical pivot, (this loaded to sample
When, the guide groove that shear box outer cover can rely on the vertical conducting bar of madial wall to be opened up along on annular bottom plate is migrated downwards, and shear plate can edge
Shear box outer cover top end face shearing board slot to rise, shearing board slot allows shear plate along notch to pass through).Soil pressure is needed at this time
Power meter monitors that Primary Assay pressure on shear surface in real time, and will monitor number in time by signal-transmitting cable
According to feeding back to computer.SERVO CONTROL function by computer to hydraulic system, adjusts hydraulic elevator so that soil pressure in real time
The numerical value that power measures is maintained on the compressive load needed for shearing test.
3rd, shearing test
Pass through the loading of previous step so that the pressure on shear surface is maintained at the pressure lotus needed for shearing test
After in load, it is possible to start shearing test.First, by calculating hands- operation, the motor of left and right two is distinguished along guide rail
Slid inward so that motor output shaft gear is meshed with the gear ring of hollow gear shaft.Then motor is started, by the power of motor
Hollow gear shaft is passed to, hollow gear shaft drives rotary arm and metal casing to start to cut.In shear history, angular displacement passes
Sensor and torque sensor start monitoring data, and feed back to computer in time, to facilitate computer to preserve or make in time phase
Close instruction and SERVO CONTROL is carried out to motor.Earth pressure gauge is all monitored on shear surface in whole shear history in real time
Test pressure, and feed back to computer in time, SERVO CONTROL carried out to hydraulic system in the hope of computer, it is vertical in guarantee test
Experiment is kept not changed with value in the test pressure on shear surface.
The innovation of the present invention is the provision of a kind of ring shear test suitable for vertical shearing face and preparation of soil sample device, because
It is able to ensure that on shear surface that shear displacemant and distribution of shear stress are uniform, thus the thickness in vertical shearing face is unrestricted, makes
Obtain Large Shear experiment existing for bulky grain thing to be achieved, and supporting sample can be prepared.Obviously, those skilled in the art
Member can carry out the present invention various changes and deformation without departing from scope and spirit of the present invention.If but these change and
Deformation belongs in the range of the claims in the present invention and its equivalent technologies, then the present invention is also intended to comprising these changes and deforms
It is interior.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device suitable for vertical shearing face, including at least shear box, jacking system, is moved
Power rotary system and frame, it is characterised in that：The shear box, which includes turning cell and motionless room two parts, wherein turning cell, to be included
Shear box outer cover, annular bottom plate and more than the 2 pieces shear plates placed vertically, shear plate are fixed on ring along annular bottom plate is radially uniform
On shape bottom plate, shear box outer cover cover is buckled on annular bottom plate and shear plate, and the cover cylinder of the shear box outer cover leads to annular bottom plate
Conducting bar and the guide groove assembling fixation being arranged at therebetween are crossed, the top plate of shear box outer cover is ring flat-plate, offers and shears thereon
The identical shearing board slot of plate quantity, is embedded in for shear plate, and the top plate of shear box outer cover connects with the rotary arm of dynamic rotation system
Connect, transmit moment of torsion；The motionless room includes rubber washer, shaft coupling pressing plate and cylindrical support platform, the shaft coupling pressing plate centering
In the centre bore of cowl top panel outside shear box, and driven by jacking system and carry out normal force loading, the cylindrical support
Platform is connected with frame, and annular bottom plate centering is nested on cylindrical support platform, and passes through rubber washer control both it
Between gap size；Preparation of soil sample system is further included, the preparation of soil sample system includes two groups be oriented to by landing set of rails
Sample preparation unit, two groups of pressure-like units are symmetrically distributed in shear box both sides, the pressure-like unit by straight-line displacement Power Component and its
The semi-cylindrical backplate of driving is formed, and semi-cylindrical backplate is oriented to by landing set of rails, its internal diameter is straight with sample to be pressed
Footpath is identical, is vertically equipped with sample preparation conducting bar on the intrados of semi-cylindrical backplate, the sample preparation conducting bar with inside shear box
Conducting bar shape it is identical and position is corresponding.
2. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 1 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
The central protuberance of the cylindrical support platform, annular bottom plate centering are nested on the lug boss, in annular bottom plate and cylinder
Lower wall ball is equipped between the remainder of support platform, lower wall ball is contacted with annular bottom plate lower surface.
3. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 1 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
The jacking system includes hydraulic elevator, frequency converter and hydraulic elevator platform, and hydraulic elevator is fixed on frame, passes through frequency conversion
Device driving hydraulic elevator platform lifting, shaft coupling pressing plate are connected with being arranged at the vertical pivot at hydraulic elevator platform center.
4. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 3 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
The hydraulic elevator platform falls pyramidal structure for three layers, and hydraulic elevator is connected with upper strata, and guide rail, bottom are provided with the lower surface of middle level
Layer table top center is equipped with a vertical pivot, which is connected with shaft coupling pressing plate.
5. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 4 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
The dynamic rotation system is installed on hydraulic elevator platform lower part, including motor, gear, hollow gear shaft, vertical bearing and upper disk
Ball, the hollow gear shaft are set on the vertical pivot of hydraulic elevator platform, and vertical axis, which takes up, to be assigned in therebetween, hollow gear shaft
Lower end be connected with rotary arm, upper disk ball be installed on hollow gear shaft top surface and with the bottom table top of hydraulic elevator platform
Be in contact, the motor is installed on by sliding block on the guide rail in hydraulic elevator platform middle level, gear is installed on motor output shaft, with
Hollow gear shaft engages.
6. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 5 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
The frame includes base and the two root posts for being fixed on base front and rear sides, and hydraulic elevator is fixed in two root posts, liquid
The left and right ends on pressure lifting platform upper strata have guide hole, are passed through for the two root posts of frame, two groups of pressure-like units are symmetrical
In the left and right sides of shear box, it is not interfere with each other with jacking system.
7. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 6 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
Monitor control system is further included, monitor control system includes controller, signal-transmitting cable, angular displacement sensor, rotating torque
Sensor and more than 2 earth pressure gauges, angular displacement sensor are installed on rotary arm, and rotating torque sensor is installed on hollow
On the middle part gear ring of gear shaft, each earth pressure gauge is uniformly distributed in the soil sample in shear box, angular displacement sensor, rotating torque
Sensor and earth pressure gauge pass through signal-transmitting cable access controller, the hydraulic elevator of jacking system, dynamic rotation system
The motor of system and the straight-line displacement Power Component of preparation of soil sample system are controlled by controller to be run.
8. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 6 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
The base of the frame is structure as a whole with cylindrical support platform, and the edge of frame base is provided with annular groove, for shear box
The lower end of outer cover is embedded in, and is provided with rhone in the middle part of cylindrical support platform, the notch surface of rhone is covered with one layer of felt, groove
One piece of water filter plate of interior laying, slot bottom are connected with drainpipe.
9. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 1 suitable for vertical shearing face, it is characterised in that：
It is radially even on the lower surface of the shaft coupling pressing plate and on the upper surface of cylindrical support platform to set 2 with convex
Bar.
10. the ring shear test and preparation of soil sample device according to claim 1 suitable for vertical shearing face, its feature exists
In：The landing set of rails includes center landing guide rail and the avris landing guide rail for being symmetrically distributed in its both sides, the straight line
Displacement Power Component includes counter-force pedestal and the hydraulic telescopic machanism being mounted thereon.
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| CN108426786B (en) * | 2018-03-21 | 2019-09-17 | 中国地质大学（武汉） | A kind of shear box suitable for vertical ring shear test |
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| KR101155552B1 (en) * | 2011-11-08 | 2012-06-19 | 한국지질자원연구원 | Ring shear apparatus considering wall-slip effect |
| CN202453254U (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2012-09-26 | 长安大学 | Electric large-size stress-control-type ring shear apparatus |
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| CN204649502U (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2015-09-16 | 西安科技大学 | Ring shear apparatus ring type sample preparation device |
| CN105067453A (en) * | 2015-07-08 | 2015-11-18 | 浙江土工仪器制造有限公司 | Ring shear apparatus for circular-ring-shaped soil sample |
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| CN205538501U (en) * | 2016-04-25 | 2016-08-31 | 吉林大学 | Testing machine is cut in large -scale multi -functional high -speed loop of modified |
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