CN208077617U - A kind of fusion reaction device - Google Patents
A kind of fusion reaction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN208077617U CN208077617U CN201721367961.1U CN201721367961U CN208077617U CN 208077617 U CN208077617 U CN 208077617U CN 201721367961 U CN201721367961 U CN 201721367961U CN 208077617 U CN208077617 U CN 208077617U
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Abstract
The utility model is related to nuclear fusion fields, disclose a kind of fusion reaction device, the fusion reaction device includes reaction chamber, electronic generator and at least one discharge electrode, the wherein described discharge electrode and the electronic generator are located in the reaction chamber, the substrate of the discharge electrode is tapered configuration, when carrying out fusion reaction, the electronics that fusion fuel and the electronic generator generate all is provided in the substrate, and it is rotated from the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated in fusion fuel in the case where being applied in the driving of oscillating electric field caused by the discharge electrode of electrical power fusion reaction occurs, electronics caused by the electronic generator is for reducing the coulomb barrier between two in the plasma close intranuclear positively charged protons.The fusion reaction installation cost is low and can be easily accomplished nuclear fusion.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to nuclear fusion fields, and in particular, to a kind of fusion reaction device.
Background technology
Since nineteen fifty, fusion research has lasted for many years, however the foreground of commercial fusion reaction device is still
Preceding Endless Way.Charged particle, the instable constraint existed and reaction system is maintained to required big energy at high temperature,
All so that this becomes one of problem most challenging in world wide.Many schemes have been suggested, and attempt constraint electromagnetism
The charged particle that device accelerates.However, until today, occur still without simple inexpensive fusion reaction device.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide a kind of fusion reaction device, and the fusion reaction installation cost is low and can be easy
Complete nuclear fusion in ground.
To achieve the goals above, the utility model provides a kind of fusion reaction device, which includes anti-
Chamber, electronic generator and at least one discharge electrode are answered, wherein the discharge electrode and the electronic generator are positioned at described
In reaction chamber, the substrate of the discharge electrode is tapered configuration, when carrying out fusion reaction, fusion fuel and electronics hair
The electronics that raw device generates all is provided in the substrate, and generated from fusion fuel with ion and neutral particle etc.
Gas ions rotate anti-fusion occurs in the case where being applied in the driving of oscillating electric field caused by the discharge electrode of electrical power
It answers, electronics caused by the electronic generator is for reducing two in the plasma close intranuclear bands
Coulomb barrier between the proton of positive electricity.
Through the above technical solutions, since the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated from fusion fuel exists
It has been applied under the driving of oscillating electric field caused by the discharge electrode of electrical power and has rotated so that fusion reaction occurs, and electronics occurs
Electronics caused by device then reduces the library between two close intranuclear positively charged protons in plasma
Logical sequence potential barrier, therefore, the fusion reaction device are not only at low cost, but also fusion reaction can easily occur.
Other features and advantages of the utility model will be described in detail in subsequent specific embodiment part.
Description of the drawings
Attached drawing is to be used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, an and part for constitution instruction, and following
Specific implementation mode be used to explain the utility model together, but do not constitute limitations of the present invention.In the accompanying drawings：
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram according to a kind of fusion reaction device of embodiment of the utility model；
Fig. 2A shows the exemplary potential energy curve of double grains subsystem；
Fig. 2 B show the schematic diagram of the potential energy of system obtained in conjunction with negative potential；
Fig. 2 C show initial system potential energy connexus power, electronic shield potential and nuclear moments interaction potential
The potential energy of system obtained later；
Fig. 3 shows a kind of perspective view of illustrative discharge electrode structure；
Fig. 4 shows the tip in Fig. 3 and the cross-sectional view of tapered portion；
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of electric field caused by fusion reaction device shown in FIG. 1；
The perspective diagram for the array that Fig. 6 is made of hundreds of discharge electrodes；
Fig. 7 a show the schematic diagram of the discharge electrode structure with palladium-gold-palladium three-decker；
Fig. 7 b show the viewgraph of cross-section that the center from the hole in Fig. 7 a is seen；And
Fig. 8 shows the schematic diagram of the exemplary fusion reaction device according to another embodiment of the utility model.
Specific implementation mode
Specific embodiment of the present utility model is described in detail below in conjunction with attached drawing.It should be understood that herein
Described specific implementation mode is only used for describing and explaining the present invention, and is not intended to limit the utility model.
As shown in Figure 1, including reaction chamber 200, electricity according to a kind of fusion reaction device of embodiment of the utility model
Electronic generator 204 and at least one discharge electrode 201a, 201b, wherein described discharge electrode 201a, 201b and electronics hair
Raw device 204 is located in the reaction chamber 200, and substrate 203a, 203b of described discharge electrode 201a, 201b are tapered configurations,
When carrying out fusion reaction, electronics that fusion fuel and the electronic generator 204 generate all be provided to the substrate 203a,
In 203b, and the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated from fusion fuel is being applied in described in electrical power
Rotation is to occur fusion reaction, the electronic generator 204 under the driving of oscillating electric field caused by discharge electrode 201a, 201b
Generated electronics is for reducing between two in the plasma close intranuclear positively charged protons
Coulomb barrier.
It is merely exemplary in Fig. 1 to show two discharge electrodes 201a, 201b it should be appreciated that according to this reality
Can have there are three even more discharge electrodes with novel fusion reaction device.
In addition, as shown in Figure 1, electronic generator 204 can be connected respectively to discharge electrode by conducting wire 202a, 202b
On 201a, 201b.
Explain several basic principles that fusion reaction device according to the present utility model is utilized first below.
The first basic principle is matter power.
Generally, matter power is the power generated by oscillating electric field.Matter power influences the grain of positive charge and negative electrical charge simultaneously
Son is identical, that is, moves them in the same direction.Therefore, matter power is the rare side for not changing particle charging symbol
It is different from (Lorentz force can change direction) the case where Lorentz force to one of situation.Therefore, according to the present utility model
In the embodiment of fusion reaction device, be crushed, squeeze fusion fuel using matter power and force fusion fuel contact and
Fusion.The calculation formula of matter power Fp is as follows：
Wherein, e is charged particle, and m is quality, and ω is the angular speed of oscillating electric field, and E is the amplitude of oscillating electric field.
It is easy to see that prodigious matter power will be generated in a high-voltage oscillation electric field E in from the equation above.However,
If oscillating electric field is high-frequency, such as frequency is more than the frequency of ion plasma, then the only electrons quilt of light weight
These are influenced.Heavier ion still can be affected because of electronics in the movement of ambipolar electric field, wherein when electronics is from ion
DC electric field is generated when separation.
Second of basic principle is electronic shield.
It is that reactant includes mainly electrically neutral atom using an advantage of weakly ionized plasma.Between atomic nucleus
Mutually exclusive Coulomb force between the positively charged atomic nucleus of electronic shield.This phenomena impair Coulomb repulsion, and can be with
Reduce coulomb barrier.For example, the electronic generator 204 in fusion reaction device according to the present utility model is efficient electronics hair
Beam introduces electron cloud between positively charged reactant, that is, generates negative space charge, to further enhance this electricity
Sub- screen effect.In a specific implementation mode according to the present utility model, high density electricity caused by electronic generator 204
Son can enter under the driving of matter power in tapered configuration 203a, 203b of discharge electrode 201a, 201b, these tapered configurations
It include fusion fuel in 203a, 203b.High density electronics offer in these tapered configurations 203a, 203b reduces coulomb potential
Build and enhance the electronic shield effect of fusion reaction rate.In a further embodiment, according to the present utility model poly-
Become reaction unit can use geometry material or surface generation inhomogeneous field material as discharge electrode 201a,
201b.Therefore, by way of example, if discharge electrode 201a, 201b have the surface of dendroid profile, can generate
Very high internal field is for progress fusion reaction.
The third basic principle is nuclear magnetic moment interaction.
Many atomic nucleus have the characteristic of " rotation ", i.e., a form of angular momentum, this is and nuclear internal rotating
Movement and gained electric current are associated.It is south magnetic pole that the nuclear one end for forming magnetic field line, which is magnetic north pole, the other end, leads to original
Daughter nucleus is referred to as " magnetic dipole ", and the intensity of magnetic dipole and direction are described as " nuclear magnetic moment ", and nuclear magnetic moment is a vector.
Nuclear magnetic moment plays the effect of quantum tunneling.Specifically, when two nuclear magnetic moments parallels, two atomic nucleus
Between it is attractive.As a result, the total potential barrier of parallel nuclear magnetic moment between two atomic nucleus is lowered so that tunneling events are more
It may occur.On the contrary, when two atomic nucleus have antiparallel magnetic moment, the total potential barrier of nuclear magnetic moment increases so that tunneling events are less
It may occur.
When the nuclear nuclear magnetic moment of specific type is positive, then atomic nucleus tends to adjust towards the magnetic direction of application
Its nuclear magnetic moment.On the contrary, when nuclear magnetic moment is negative, atomic nucleus tends to the direction that alignment is antiparallel to impressed field.Include potential anti-
Including the most of atomic nucleus answered, all have positive magnetic moment (p, D, T,6Li、7Li and11B has positive magnetic moment；3He and15N has negative magnetic
Square).Illustratively, in the device example of a controllable fusion reaction, one of magnetic field is that each pair of point in this is neat
The magnetic field of controlled nuclear fusion device of the magnetic moment in substantially common direction.This leads to total potential energy barrier between reducing atomic nucleus
When, nuclear magnetic moment possessed by the first and second work materials is either positive or is both negative.This will cause tunnelling fast
Rate increases and occurs the fusion reaction of bigger.This effect can also be referred to as spin polarization or magnetic dipole-dipolar interaction.
In addition, the revolution of nuclear magnetic field line also contributes to determine nuclear total angular momentum.
4th kind of basic principle is nuclear hyperpolarization.
Atomic nucleus, such as3He, by can be by collision, by using vapour of an alkali metal or directly by the field radio frequency (RF)
It polarizes in low-intensity magnetic field.This process can bring 90% or more all atoms to arrange in the same direction3He, to increase them
Between attraction.3He-3He fusion reactions generate4Two high energy protons-of He atom addings this be an ideal fusion
Reaction, because it is very high (for example, more than 10 million electro-volts) not have neutron and energy gain rate in fusion products.
Therefore, in fusion reaction device according to the present utility model, without using additional, additional magnetic field the case where
Under can also obtain controllable fusion reaction, certainly using additionally, additional magnetic field come reinforce or optimize fusion reaction be also can
Capable.
By using basic principle described above, fusion reaction device according to the present utility model can increase reaction and cut
Face, to realize the fusion reaction of bigger.It is described below how fusion reaction device according to the present utility model is realized instead
Answer the change in section.
Change reaction cross-section
The probability of fusion reaction between a pair of of atomic nucleus is indicated by reaction cross-section σ.Reaction cross-section σ is usually by a function
To weigh.For example, reaction cross-section σ is normally defined：
Wherein B is the quantity of every target atom core interior per unit time, and I is the incidence of per unit target area per unit time
Number of particles.When reaction cross-section, σ is defined in this way, each fusion reaction will have determination in the case of given ENERGY E
, specific reaction cross-section area.
The fusion reaction rate of per unit capacity is in a specific fusion reaction device：
Wherein, if the first atomic nucleus and the second atomic nucleus are same atomic nucleus, δ12=1 (for example, deuterium is sent out with deuterium
Raw fusion reaction)；Otherwise δ12=0, and<σv>It is the average response of fusion reaction device, is defined as follows：
F (v) is the distribution function of relative velocity, according toNormalizing.If second atomic nucleus is quiet
Only,<σv>=σ v；However, the definition of front is suitable for the situation of the second atomic nucleus movement, and per the original of Thermodynamic parameters
Daughter nucleus can have different relative velocities.
The rate of fusion energy release is given by：
Wherein, W is the release gross energy of per unit volume, E be discharged by a single fusion reaction energy (
p-11In B fusion reactions, E=8.68MeV).
Two atomic nucleus are described by the probability that quantum tunneling events contact with each other by the transparency T of tunneling barrier,
Wherein higher T values illustrate the possibility bigger of tunneling events.Since tunnelling is to generate the main mechanism of fusion, tunnelling gesture
The transparency T (i.e. σ ∝ T) directly proportional to reaction cross-section σ at base.It is approximately：
Wherein, e is Euler's numbers, and ∈ G are the energy that coulomb potential barrier changes.As two nuclear distance x >=xTWhen, ∈ G
It can be written as：
Herein, q1 is first nuclear electricity,Potential is the function of x, xTBeAt point
The effect gesture that electronics is subject to.
These relationships as a result,It is higher, (for example, coulomb barrier of bigger), EGIt is bigger, this in turn will reduce T,
σ,R.Work as E>When 0, will all it be reduced among any systemTherefore, in potentialIn higher fusion reaction device, often
There are less fusion activity and lower fusion energy rate of release, in potentialIn lower fusion reaction device, often
There are more fusion events and higher fusion energy release rate.It is comparable to reduce potential as described above, reducing coulomb barrier
It can increase reaction cross-section σ using these technologies in the embodiments of the present invention；Which increases fusion reaction rates.
From the description of the basic principle as above utilized to the utility model it is found that technical solution according to the present utility model
The technical solution of high particle density is obtained by establishing dense ionization plasma different from existing, according to the utility model
Fusion reaction device in, the particle density loaded in discharge electrode 201a, 201b is greater than through other plasma institutes
Obtainable particle density.Since in fusion reaction device according to the present utility model, particle is essentially lain in solid
Or be positioned in solid material, therefore it not will produce the unstability of plasma, so the particle density (n obtained1
And n2) the much larger a order of magnitude of particle density also than being obtained with dense ionization plasma, and with weakly ionized plasma
(density is more than 1017/cm3) particle density that is obtained is compared to also wanting more high orders of magnitude.In the embodiment party of the utility model
In case, particle density is the particle density of the whole volume of fusion reaction device.In addition, the compression caused by centripetal force makes
The constricted zone of fusion reaction increases particle density, reaches 10 in the region of reactant aggregation18/cm3。
In addition, boron compound of the embodiment according to the present utility model using solid form, particle density magnitude are
1023/cm3.Therefore, in fusion reaction concentrated area, the utility model realizes quantity of the particle density in physical container
Grade is more than other methods known in the art (for example, tokamak reaction is not carried out lasting particle density and is greater than about 1014/
cm3) it can be obtained the particle density order of magnitude.
In addition, an advantage of fusion reaction device according to the present utility model is, it can effectively inhibit electronics a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage to cause spoke
Penetrate the loss of generation.In traditional fusion reactor, such as tokamak uses hot, highly ionized plasma, therefore
The main reason for electron-ion interaction leads to bremsstrahlung and cyclotron radiation, this is energy loss, and this is also tradition
Fusion reaction system not yet meets one of the reason of Lawson's standard.However, due to being filled in fusion reaction according to the present utility model
Set it is middle used high density, weakly ionized, more low temperature plasma, therefore which inhibits electron mobilities, greatly reduce electricity
Sub- bremsstrahlung loss.
The phase transformation of hydrogen under high pressure
In general, hydrogen can be used as fusion fuel in fusion reaction.Under high pressure, compression hydrogen atom can become liquid or
Solid metal, this depends on the rotation status of compressing force and they.It is either in liquid or solid state, the density of hydrogen
The much higher magnitude of density when than in gaseous state.Therefore, when in liquid or solid-state, total fusion reaction rate of hydrogen will
Corresponding higher.
In addition, when in liquid or solid-state, hydrogen becomes the superconductor of high conductivity, even zero resistance.This increases
Total electric conductivity of fusion reaction device according to the present utility model, reduces resistance loss and required input energy.Therefore,
The whole efficiency of such fusion reaction device is bigger, to be easier to realize big Q and corresponding energy gain.
In addition, fusion reaction device according to the present utility model using sub-micron area, preferably nanometer area (for example,
About one cubic nanometer, 10-27Cubic meter) or smaller high charge density region controlled fusion reaction is provided, below will be detailed
Description.Moreover, fusion reaction device according to the present utility model preferably constrains scheme using simple, such as produced by promoting
Plasma when being rotated, fusion reaction device according to the present utility model need not use any magnetic field, and only pass through
Oscillating electric field can be realized as caused by discharge electrode 201a, 201b.In addition, fusion reaction device according to the present utility model
By creating or changing the other influences such as quantum, to provide or enhance fusion reaction.
In a preferred embodiment according to the present utility model, discharge electrode (such as 201a, 201b in Fig. 1) can
With comprising, itself be exactly or formed grid, it is netted, in the gentle hole minor structure of cage any one or combinations thereof and variant.This
Make it possible to form a high density electronics regions in tapered configuration 203a, 203b of discharge electrode.In addition, discharge electrode
201a, 201b can hold, carry, encapsulate including support, show, safeguarding and the variant of composite reaction object.In addition, electronics is sent out
Electronics caused by raw device 204 can pass through the combination and change of either type or these modes in collection movement, agglomeration, polymerization
Change and flocks together to increase electron density.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present utility model, the section at the tip of tapered configuration 203a, 203b can
Think any one in circle, square, rectangle, ellipse, tooth shape, annular knife-edge, sharp cone distal or combinations thereof, and with micro-
Meter level or smaller area.That is, discharge electrode 201a, 201b can have discontinuity.This discontinuity can be not
Continuous region, preferably discontinuous one or more points.It should be appreciated that point above-mentioned may still have some regions,
Only its area is smaller.For example, discontinuous one or more points used herein is commonly referred to as general circle
Shape, general square shape, general rectangular shape, General Elliptic shape or other shapes have about 1 square micron or smaller
Area, preferably approximately 500 square nanometers or smaller area, more preferable 100 square nanometers or smaller area, more preferable 10
Square nanometers or smaller area.In general, this discrete point or region are closed on caused by electronic generator 204
High density electronics regions are more preferably located at the central area of the high density electronics regions.Discontinuity point can be knife-edge, may be used also
To be endless knife edge, sharp cone distal component, such as point, solid or tubular nanometer needle etc. preferably can also be.In addition, discharge electrode
201a, 201b can include one, two or more discontinuity point or region.When there are multiple discontinuity poinies or region,
These points or region can be identical or different in terms of such as shape, reactant or other attributes.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present utility model, described discharge electrode 201a, 201b can by palladium,
Tungsten, boron hydride, titanium, tantalum, the gettering material for hydrogen and low-molecular-weight gas, fusion fuel, composite material, alloy, metal
In ceramics any one or combinations thereof formed.Moreover, discharge electrode 201a, 201b can include multiple layers, each layer
It can be formed by identical or different material and each layer can have identical or different structure.Position in this multiple layer
It is exposed in fusion reaction such as the passage of time in following layer.In addition, the discharge electrode 201a,
It could be formed with coating on the surface of 201b, the coating is conductive.For example, the coating can by gold, copper, silver or its
Its conductive material is formed, and is preferably selected and formed the coating with good electric conductivity and low-resistance material.
Fusion fuel used in fusion reaction device according to the present utility model can be identified in this application
Any material or the known any material being used in such fusion reaction or be later discovered that be it is useful and can be packed into or
Any material for mixing in other ways or more preferably being included by tapered configuration 203a, 203b by discharge electrode 201a, 201b
Material.The fusion fuel can be such as hydrogen, -1 deuterium of hydrogen, boron -11, lithium -6, lithium -7, helium -3, nitrogen -15, tritium and theirs is mixed
Object is closed, in addition, may advantageously, because it is good electron emitter using molecular compound, such as boron nitride or six
Lanthanum boride or six cerium borides and combinations thereof or modification and other types of material.Fusion fuel can be pre-loaded or when poly-
Become in reaction and be reloaded into discharge electrode 201a, 201b when being exhausted completely or partially, it is preferable that is pre-loaded or again
It is newly loaded into previously described discontinuity point or region, is most preferably pre-loaded or is reloaded into high density above-mentioned
In electronics regions.
In addition, other than being preloaded into discharge electrode 201a, 201b, any one following side can also be passed through
Formula or combinations thereof loads fusion fuel：Fusion fuel is continuously loaded into discharge electrode, is loaded into discharge electrode in batches
And in-situ generation fusion fuel (for example, for helium -3) during fusion reaction.For example, the tubulose for palladium is received
For the discharge electrode of rice needle stand structure, for tool there are one closed tip pin mark, which, which can have, has been filled with excess
The inner space (or the inner space being in fluid communication with hydrogen source) of hydrogen, in this way when hydrogen is consumed totally in fusion process,
Can reload hydrogen into the inner space.
Preferably, the ratio between the volume of fusion fuel (such as hydrogen) and the volume of discharge electrode (for example, palladium) can significantly increase
Add fusion reaction.For example, the volume of fusion fuel can be 2 times, 3 times, 5 times, 7 times or bigger of discharge electrode volume, this takes
Certainly in the structure of used fusion fuel, used discharge electrode material and discharge electrode.By hydrogen be used as fusion fuel,
Palladium is used as in the embodiment of discharge electrode material, hydrogen can be loaded into 8 times of palladium amount.
Preferably, the density of fusion fuel used in fusion reaction device according to the present utility model can be 1015/cc
Or bigger, such as 1018/cc、1020/cc、1022/ cc, more preferably about 1023/cc.It should be pointed out that with larger poly-
Become magnetic fusion device (such as tokamak reactor, it was reported that its particle density is limited to 10 of fuel density14/cm3) compare, this
The density bigger for the fusion fuel that the fusion reaction device of utility model can accommodate.
Fusion fuel can be loaded into discharge electrode 201a, 201b by intake method, as long as discharge electrode structure-is poly-
Become fuel type and shows this phenomenon.In addition, fusion fuel can be by later known in the art or that develops appoints
What method or technique is loaded, is reloaded, mixing or smaller atom level particle is added in discharge electrode 201a, 201b.
Moreover, fusion fuel itself also can be in discharge electrode 201a, 201b.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present utility model, electronic generator 204 can be microwave generator, penetrate
Any one or its in frequency wave producer (for example, it can run under 1.63 Gigahertzs), laser or similar device
Combination.The electronic generator 204 can be located on discharge electrode 201a, 201b.It is filled using the fusion reaction of the utility model
Set when carrying out fusion reaction, electronic generator 204 make caused by electronics first along discharge electrode 201a, 201b towards aforementioned
Discontinuity point or region flowing (i.e. forward flow of electrons), then make electronics quickly from discontinuity point or region reverse flow
(i.e. reversed electron flow).In this way, along discharge electrode 201a, 201b surface flow forward and backward electron stream discontinuous
High density electronics is produced in property point or region.The coating on discharge electrode 201a, 201b can improve or promote this
Along the flowing on discharge electrode surface.High density electronics regions result from, such as at the peak value in 204 period of electronic generator.Allusion quotation
The period at the high density electronics peak of type is about identical as the frequency of electronic generator 204, although it is possible to double or its
He makes between the two the factor of difference.For example, electronic generator 204 can be about 10 microns to about 0.1 micron in wavelength
Lower operation.The electronic generator 204 can also be operated under x-ray and gamma-ray wavelength to obtain higher electron density.This
The power of a little electronic generators 204 is minimum, needs about 1 milliwatt to about 10 milliwatts, and each discontinuity point or
Region is generally less than about 1 milliwatt.
When laser is used as electronic generator 204, laser can be oriented at discontinuity point described above
Or on region, and the high density electronics of forward and reverse flowing is established, to generate high density electronics regions peak value.Optical maser wavelength
About 10 microns to 0.1 micron, laser power can be from about 1 nanowatt to 1 milliwatt, and about 1 milliwatt is to about 10 milliwatts, usually less than
1 milliwatt.Material of the coating selection for optimizing laser material interaction on discharge electrode 201a, 201b, more preferably
Selection is used for while optimizing the material of laser material interaction and electron stream flowing.
In addition to laser, microwave generator and RF generators, other manner or equipment can also be used to generate high density electricity
Subregion, such as high density electronics regions are generated using can electronics be gathered to highdensity cavity magnetron, utilize electronics
Nonlinear effect in beam plasma generates high density electronics regions, and in the nonlinear effect, electronics wave energy is in three-dimensional
Upper collapse generates the region with high density electronics to very small.
The density of electronics caused by electronic generator 204 is approximately more than 1015The electric field of/cc, high density electronics regions are about big
In 108Volt/rice.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present utility model, the number of the discharge electrode is multiple, Ge Gesuo
The structure for stating the substrate of discharge electrode can be identical or different, and the fusion reaction device can also include monitor
(not shown), fusion fuel of the monitor in the partial discharge electrode for being applied in electrical power are consumed completely or partially
When to the greatest extent, promotes another part discharge electrode for being not yet applied in electrical power to be applied in electrical power and promote the electronic generator
204 provide electronics into the substrate of the partial discharge electrode so that the fusion fuel generation fusion in the partial discharge electrode is anti-
It answers.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present utility model, fusion reaction device according to the present utility model can be with
The device for generating electric power is connected.The device of the generation electric power includes that electric current, electricity are generated in heat for being generated from fusion reaction
The sensor chip of pressure or both.Therefore, by way of example, a kind of (A) radioactive ray detection type diode can be from fusion products
Electric power is generated, a part for thermal energy can be converted to electric current by a kind of (B) thermoelectric device, a kind of fluid of (C) driving, extension or production
Raw phase transformation is to create electricity or other available energy.The electric power that fusion reaction generates can be also used for：(D) pass through electromagnetism
Come slow down gained charged particle mechanism, to be converted directly into electric energy；Small electrode is put into adjacent discontinuity point by (E)
Position, so that charged particle and electrode is collided, to induce electric current and for connected battery or capacitor charging.It generates
The device of electric power may include combinations of the above.For example, if the device for being converted directly into electric energy is partially effective, it can
To be combined with thermoelectric element, remaining heat after directly being changed the mechanism with conversion.
In addition, although being not required, the electrode of the device for generating electric power can also be located at or be fired in fusion
The periphery of material, such as be comprised in closed micro- container, fill or there is flowing hydrogen to pass through.
In addition, embodiment according to the present utility model can utilize quantum, electrostatic, machinery or other effects, including：Greatly
Electric field, high density electronics, matter power, adjustment change coulomb barrier, change associated reaction cross-section, space charge or electronics
Screen effect, using uncharged particle, the coupling of ion neutrality, nuclear magnetic moment interaction, spin polarization, magnetic dipole-dipole are mutual
Effect, high density material, the compressing force of centrifugal force and matter power, the phase transformation of hydrogen, the variation of positive feedback mechanism and these effects.
Here, it is by one or more of the other feature to change, change in all bibliography, reducing, reducing or eliminating a coulomb potential barrier
In the presence of (for example, high electron density), even if Coulomb barrier itself (independences of these features) remains unchanged.
In order to which fusion occurs, two atomic nucleus must reach over to；However, atomic nucleus is very small (in 10-15 meters of quantity
Grade), and because they are positively charged, repel each other.The potential energy curve 501 of double grains subsystem such as Fig. 2A, wherein the
One atomic nucleus 502 is close to second atomic nucleus.On transverse axis, x is the distance between two atomic nucleus.When the first atom
Potential energy 501 close to zero when core is far from the second atomic nucleus, as the first atomic nucleus is close to the second atomic nucleus, potential energy of system 501 is row
Denounce the summation of coulomb potential (just) and strong nuclear force (negative) potential energy to attract each other.Once two atomic nucleus are very close, in distance
xn(wherein xnIt is approximately equal to the sum of two nuclear radiuses) at, potential energy of system 501 becomes negative, this is because the effect of strong nuclear force.
Therefore, term " coulomb barrier " is for describing two atomic nucleus by puncturing or obtaining than potential curve shown in Fig. 2A more
High potential energy and the complexity being in contact.
Fusion reaction device according to the present utility model can reduce or reduce coulomb barrier, and possibility can be by negative
The influence of electric potential of (attraction) and eliminate a coulomb potential barrier.Such a negative potential is shown in Fig. 2 B.Negative potential shown in this figure
505, and the additive effect of negative potential 505 and initial system potential energy 503 are created that a new potential energy 504 so that coulomb potential
Base is lowered.
Thus, for example, the utility model can be reduced or be reduced coulomb barrier by using following effect：Space charge or electricity
Sub- shield effectiveness；Big electric field, uses neutral particle at high density electronics；Ion-uncharged particle coupling；Nuclear magnetic moment interaction,
Spin polarization or the influence of dipole-dipole interaction；And said combination and other influences.Fig. 2 C show initial system gesture
It can 503 connexus power 506, electronic shield potential 507 (for example, high density electronics and big electric field) and nuclear moments phase interaction
With the potential energy of system 504 obtained after potential 508.These can be independent and be applied in combination to reduce coulomb barrier so that atom
Core overcomes potential barrier more easily by tunnelling, thus improves the probability of happening of fusion reaction.
Fig. 3 shows a kind of perspective view of illustrative discharge electrode structure.As shown in figure 3, the discharge electrode includes pipe
Shape portion 100 and tapered portion 101, the tapered portion 101 have tip 102, for example, tip 102 can be one or more points, this is
One discontinuous as described above.When electronic generator 204 (being not shown in figure 3) is applied to electric discharge electricity shown in Fig. 3
When extremely upper, the movement of generated electronics is shown in double-head arrow 103.Wherein, the arrow 103a for being directed toward tip 102 indicates positive electricity
Son movement, the arrow 103b for being directed toward tube 100 indicate reverse electron motion.High density electronics regions are located at tip 102, high
Electric field region is indicated by label 104.Although it is now recognized that generate high density electronics regions effect be mainly skin effect,
The scope of protection of the utility model should not be limited to thoses mentioned above.
In addition, the mode preferably aggregation, relevant or both of the electron motion indicated by arrow 103a, 103b have.Cause
This, theoretically, this aggregation of electronics and coherent motion and the electron motion type that superconducting material exhibits go out are similar or identical.Root
It is to carry out at a room temperature and a high temperature according to this aggregation of the utility model and coherent electron movement.Therefore, the utility model provides
Electron motion for environment temperature and above-mentioned superconduction and similar superconduction behavior.
Fig. 4 shows the cross-sectional view at tip 102 and tapered portion 101 in Fig. 3, wherein label 106a, 106b,
The fusion fuel that 106c and 106d is indicated is located in tapered portion 101.When fusion reaction occurs, high density electronics regions 102 into
One step promotes or strengthens the fusion reaction of fusion fuel.Theoretically, the presence of the high density electronics produces negative potential well, to
Coulomb barrier is reduced, the fusion between fusion fuel such as 106b and 106c is promoted.In addition, theoretically, in local high density
Matter power is further created in electronics regions, which drives fusion fuel and electronics to enter tapered portion 101 together with negative potential well
In preferably enter in tip 102, to enhance the fusion reaction of fusion fuel.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of electric field caused by fusion reaction device shown in FIG. 1.Fig. 5 is a plan view,
It is the schematic diagram for overlooking tip 203a and electrode 201b downwards along y-axis.It should be appreciated that similar electric field will be produced by electrode 201a
It is raw.Different regions has different electric fields, such as the electric field in region 220 is 3000 α volts/rice, and the electric field in region 221 is 2500
The battery of α volts/rice, region 222 is 2350 α volts/rice, and the electric field in region 223 is 1500 α volts/rice, and the electric field in region 224 is 650
α volts/rice, wherein α are proportionality constants, depend on the voltage of generator.
The perspective diagram for the array 600 that Fig. 6 is made of hundreds of discharge electrodes, wherein such as 601a's and 601b
Discharge electrode is placed on planar supporting structure 603.Each discharge electrode has discontinuity point or region, such as 602,
It is a microdot or tip in the present embodiment.Fusion combustion is mounted in the discontinuity point of each discharge electrode or region 602
Expect and be connected with the electronic generator, wherein the generation of fusion reaction can be driven when discharge electrode is applied in electrical power.From battle array
The energy that row 600 are assembled can be converted electric energy or other form of energy that may be needed.In the present embodiment, discharge electrode
It can be made of silicon, silicon carbide or other suitable materials.
Fig. 7 a show the schematic diagram of the discharge electrode structure with palladium-gold-palladium three-decker, periodically arrange thereon
Hole；Fig. 7 b show the viewgraph of cross-section that the center from the hole in Fig. 7 a is seen.Wherein, following parameter is used in the figure 7：d
=30nm, w=15nm, D=100nm.The three-decker will produce prodigious electric-field enhancing.It should be noted that tapered configuration
203a, 203b can also use the three-decker as shown in Figure 7.By using femtosecond laser, local plasma surface
(LSP) it is excited.By Optimal Parameters, a prodigious electric-field enhancing is observed in resonant frequency.Result of calculation shows palladium layers
Near, which generates with the comparable very high potential difference of coulomb potential barrier magnitude between two deuterons, so as to overcome
Coulomb repulsion and the probability that largely enhancing fusion reaction occurs.
Fig. 8 shows the schematic diagram of the exemplary fusion reaction device according to another embodiment of the utility model.It needs
Illustrate, the size in the figure is merely exemplary, and does not constitute limitations of the present invention.In the figure, 807 are
Tungsten filament generates high electron density as the nanotip of dipole herein as the result for applying oscillating electric field,
It is identical as the effect of conducting wire 202a, 202b in Fig. 1；806 be copper rod, discharge electrode 201a, the 201b being equivalent in Fig. 1；
802 be Teflon base portion, for being used as insulator, feed line or transmission line；801 be ion microscope, whole for observing
A fusion reaction process simultaneously directly observes fusion products, and for observe import fusion fuel atomic nucleus (such as deuterium, tritium) it
Atomic surface preceding and later arranges；805 be vacuum reaction chamber, the reaction chamber 200 being equivalent in Fig. 1, and the vacuum is anti-
Chamber 805 is answered to be connected to vacuum pump to be vacuumized by vacuum pump；803 be fastener, by its precession left part, 803 fasteners and perpendicular
Straight 806 copper rods composition dipole (dipole)；804 be that threaded hole is used to fix copper sheet (fastener).
Preferred embodiments of the present invention, still, the utility model and unlimited are described in detail above in association with attached drawing
Detail in the above embodiment can be to the skill of the utility model in the range of the technology design of the utility model
Art scheme carries out a variety of simple variants, these simple variants belong to the scope of protection of the utility model.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case of shield, it can be combined by any suitable means.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the utility model is to each
The possible combination of kind no longer separately illustrates.
In addition, arbitrary combination can also be carried out between a variety of different embodiments of the utility model, as long as it is not disobeyed
The thought for carrying on the back the utility model, equally should be considered as content disclosed in the utility model.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of fusion reaction device, which is characterized in that the fusion reaction device includes：
Reaction chamber；
Electronic generator；
Multiple discharge electrodes；
Monitor；
The discharge electrode and the electronic generator are located in the reaction chamber, and the substrate of the discharge electrode is tapered knot
Structure；
Wherein, fusion fuel of the monitor in the partial discharge electrode for being applied in electrical power is complete or partial
When exhausting, promotes another part discharge electrode for being not yet applied in electrical power to be applied in electrical power and promote the electronic generator
Electronics is provided into the substrate of the partial discharge electrode so that fusion reaction occurs for the fusion fuel in the partial discharge electrode.
2. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the discharge electrode includes grid, netted, cage
In gentle hole minor structure any one or combinations thereof.
3. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the discharge electrode includes multiple layers, each
The layer is formed by identical or different material and each layer has identical or different structure.
4. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be formed with painting on the surface of the discharge electrode
Layer, the coating are conductive.
5. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the section at the tip of the tapered configuration is circle
In shape, square, rectangle, ellipse, tooth shape, annular knife-edge, sharp cone distal any one or combinations thereof, and with micron order or
Smaller area.
6. fusion reaction device according to claim 5, which is characterized in that the area in the section at the tip is 10 squares
Nanometer or smaller.
7. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the volume of the fusion fuel is the electric discharge
The volume of electrode it is 2 times or more large.
8. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electronic generator be microwave generator,
In radio frequency wave generator, laser any one or combinations thereof.
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| CN201721367961.1U CN208077617U (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | A kind of fusion reaction device |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721367961.1U CN208077617U (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | A kind of fusion reaction device |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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