CN109698032A - A kind of fusion reaction device - Google Patents
A kind of fusion reaction device Download PDFInfo
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- CN109698032A CN109698032A CN201710995686.6A CN201710995686A CN109698032A CN 109698032 A CN109698032 A CN 109698032A CN 201710995686 A CN201710995686 A CN 201710995686A CN 109698032 A CN109698032 A CN 109698032A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/05—Thermonuclear fusion reactors with magnetic or electric plasma confinement
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- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21B—FUSION REACTORS
- G21B1/00—Thermonuclear fusion reactors
- G21B1/11—Details
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E30/00—Energy generation of nuclear origin
- Y02E30/10—Nuclear fusion reactors
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Abstract
The present invention relates to nuclear fusion fields, disclose a kind of fusion reaction device, the fusion reaction device includes reaction chamber, electronic generator and at least one discharge electrode, wherein the discharge electrode and the electronic generator are located in the reaction chamber, the substrate of the discharge electrode is tapered configuration, when carrying out fusion reaction, the electronics that fusion fuel and the electronic generator generate all is provided in the substrate, and it rotates from the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated in fusion fuel under the driving for being applied oscillating electric field caused by the discharge electrode of electrical power fusion reaction occurs, electronics caused by the electronic generator is for reducing the coulomb barrier between two in the plasma close intranuclear positively charged protons.The fusion reaction installation cost is low and can be easily accomplished nuclear fusion.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to nuclear fusion fields, and in particular, to a kind of fusion reaction device.
Background technique
Since nineteen fifty, fusion research has lasted for many years, however the prospect of commercial fusion reaction device is still
Preceding Endless Way.Charged particle, it is instable exist and by reaction system maintain at high temperature needed for big energy constraint,
This is all made to become one of problem most challenging in world wide.Many schemes have been suggested, and attempt constraint electromagnetism
The charged particle that device accelerates.However, occurring until today still without simple inexpensive fusion reaction device.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of fusion reaction device, the fusion reaction installation cost is low and can be easily complete
At nuclear fusion.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention provides a kind of fusion reaction device, which includes reaction chamber
Room, electronic generator and at least one discharge electrode, wherein the discharge electrode and the electronic generator are located at the reaction
In chamber, the substrate of the discharge electrode is tapered configuration, when carrying out fusion reaction, fusion fuel and the electronic generator
The electronics of generation is all provided in the substrate, and the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated from fusion fuel
Body is rotated under the driving for being applied oscillating electric field caused by the discharge electrode of electrical power fusion reaction occurs, institute
It is close intranuclear positively charged for reducing two in the plasma to state electronics caused by electronic generator
Proton between coulomb barrier.
Through the above technical solutions, since the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated from fusion fuel exists
It has been applied under the driving of oscillating electric field caused by the discharge electrode of electrical power and has rotated so that fusion reaction occurs, and electronics occurs
Electronics caused by device then reduces the library in plasma between two close intranuclear positively charged protons
Logical sequence potential barrier, therefore, the fusion reaction device are not only at low cost, but also fusion reaction can easily occur.
Other features and advantages of the present invention will the following detailed description will be given in the detailed implementation section.
Detailed description of the invention
The drawings are intended to provide a further understanding of the invention, and constitutes part of specification, with following tool
Body embodiment is used to explain the present invention together, but is not construed as limiting the invention.In the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is the schematic block diagram of fusion reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention；
Fig. 2A shows the exemplary potential energy curve of double grains subsystem；
Fig. 2 B shows the schematic diagram of the potential energy of system obtained in conjunction with negative potential；
Fig. 2 C shows initial system potential energy connexus power, electronic shield potential and nuclear moments interaction potential
The potential energy of system obtained later；
Fig. 3 shows a kind of perspective view of illustrative discharge electrode structure；
Fig. 4 shows the tip in Fig. 3 and the cross-sectional view of tapered portion；
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of electric field caused by fusion reaction device shown in FIG. 1；
The perspective diagram for the array that Fig. 6 is made of several hundred a discharge electrodes；
Fig. 7 a shows the schematic diagram with palladium-gold-palladium three-decker discharge electrode structure；
Fig. 7 b shows the viewgraph of cross-section that the center in the hole from Fig. 7 a is seen；And
Fig. 8 shows the schematic diagram of the exemplary fusion reaction device of another embodiment according to the present invention.
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with attached drawing, detailed description of the preferred embodiments.It should be understood that this place is retouched
The specific embodiment stated is merely to illustrate and explain the present invention, and is not intended to restrict the invention.
As shown in Figure 1, fusion reaction device according to an embodiment of the present invention includes reaction chamber 200, electronics hair
Raw device 204 and at least one discharge electrode 201a, 201b, wherein described discharge electrode 201a, 201b and the electronic generator
204 be located at the reaction chamber 200 in, substrate 203a, 203b of described discharge electrode 201a, 201b are tapered configurations, into
When row fusion reaction, the electronics that fusion fuel and the electronic generator 204 generate all is provided to substrate 203a, 203b
In, and the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated from fusion fuel is in the electric discharge for being applied electrical power
Fusion reaction occurs, the electronic generator 204 is produced for rotation under the driving of oscillating electric field caused by electrode 201a, 201b
Raw electronics is for reducing the coulomb between two in the plasma close intranuclear positively charged protons
Potential barrier.
It is merely exemplary in Fig. 1 to show two discharge electrodes 201a, 201b it should be appreciated that according to this hair
Bright fusion reaction device can have three even more discharge electrodes.
In addition, as shown in Figure 1, electronic generator 204 can be connected respectively to discharge electrode by conducting wire 202a, 202b
On 201a, 201b.
Explain several basic principles that fusion reaction device according to the present invention is utilized first below.
The first basic principle is matter power.
Generally, matter power is the power generated by oscillating electric field.Matter power influences the grain of positive charge and negative electrical charge simultaneously
Son is identical, that is, moves them in the same direction.Therefore, matter power is the rare side for not changing particle charging symbol
It is different from (Lorentz force can change direction) the case where Lorentz force to one of situation.Therefore, in fusion according to the present invention
It in the embodiment of reaction unit, is crushed using matter power, squeezes fusion fuel and fusion fuel is forced to contact and merge.
The calculation formula of matter power Fp is as follows:
Wherein, e is charged particle, and m is quality, and ω is the angular speed of oscillating electric field, and E is the amplitude of oscillating electric field.
It is easy to see that very big matter power will be generated in a high-voltage oscillation electric field E in from the equation above.However,
If oscillating electric field is high-frequency, such as frequency is more than the frequency of ion plasma, then the electrons quilt of only light weight
These are influenced.Heavier ion still can be affected because of movement of the electronics in ambipolar electric field, wherein when electronics is from ion
DC electric field is generated when separation.
Second of basic principle is electronic shield.
An advantage using weakly ionized plasma is that reactant mainly includes electrically neutral atom.Between atomic nucleus
Mutually exclusive Coulomb force between the positively charged atomic nucleus of electronic shield.This phenomena impair Coulomb repulsion, and can be with
Reduce coulomb barrier.For example, the electronic generator 204 in fusion reaction device according to the present invention is efficient electron emission
Body introduces electron cloud between positively charged reactant, i.e. generation negative space charge, to further enhance this electronics
Screen effect.In a specific embodiment according to the present invention, high density electrons caused by electronic generator 204 exist
Enter in tapered configuration 203a, 203b of discharge electrode 201a, 201b under the driving of matter power, these tapered configurations 203a,
It include fusion fuel in 203b.High density electronics offer in these tapered configurations 203a, 203b reduces coulomb barrier simultaneously
Enhance the electronic shield effect of fusion reaction rate.In a further embodiment, fusion reaction dress according to the present invention
It sets the material that geometry can be used or surface generates the material of inhomogeneous field as discharge electrode 201a, 201b.Cause
This if discharge electrode 201a, 201b have the surface of dendroid profile, can produce very high by way of example
Internal field with for carrying out fusion reaction.
The third basic principle is nuclear magnetic moment interaction.
Many atomic nucleus have the characteristic of " rotation ", i.e., a form of angular momentum, this is and nuclear internal rotating
Movement and gained electric current are associated.It is south magnetic pole that the nuclear one end for forming magnetic field line, which is magnetic north pole, the other end, leads to original
Daughter nucleus is referred to as " magnetic dipole ", and the intensity of magnetic dipole and direction are described as " nuclear magnetic moment ", and nuclear magnetic moment is a vector.
The effect of nuclear magnetic moment performance quantum tunneling.Specifically, when two nuclear magnetic moments parallels, two atomic nucleus
Between it is attractive.As a result, the total potential barrier of parallel nuclear magnetic moment between two atomic nucleus is lowered, so that tunneling events are more
It may occur.On the contrary, the total potential barrier of nuclear magnetic moment increases, so that tunneling events are less when two atomic nucleus have antiparallel magnetic moment
It may occur.
When the nuclear nuclear magnetic moment of specific type is positive, then atomic nucleus tends to adjust towards the magnetic direction of application
Its nuclear magnetic moment.On the contrary, atomic nucleus tends to the direction that alignment is antiparallel to impressed field when nuclear magnetic moment is negative.It include potential anti-
Including the most of atomic nucleus answered, all have positive magnetic moment (p, D, T,6Li、7Li and11B has positive magnetic moment；3He and15N has negative magnetic
Square).Illustratively, in the device example of a controllable fusion reaction, one of magnetic field is that each pair of point in this is neat
The magnetic field of controlled nuclear fusion device of the magnetic moment in substantially common direction.This causes reducing total potential energy barrier between atomic nucleus
When, nuclear magnetic moment possessed by the first and second work materials is either positive or is both negative.This will lead to tunnelling speed
Rate increases and occurs bigger fusion reaction.This effect can also be referred to as spin polarization or magnetic dipole-dipolar interaction.
In addition, the revolution of nuclear magnetic field line also contributes to determining nuclear total angular momentum.
4th kind of basic principle is nuclear hyperpolarization.
Atomic nucleus, such as3He can exist by collision, by using vapour of an alkali metal or directly by the field radio frequency (RF)
It polarizes in low-intensity magnetic field.This process can bring 90% or more all atoms to arrange in the same direction3He, to increase them
Between attraction.3He-3He fusion reaction generates4Two high energy protons-of He atom adding this be an ideal fusion
Reaction, because not having neutron in fusion products and energy gain rate is very high (for example, more than 10 million electro-volts).
Therefore, in fusion reaction device according to the present invention, without using additional, additional magnetic field
Controllable fusion reaction can be obtained, certainly using additionally, additional magnetic field is to reinforce or optimize fusion reaction be also feasible.
By using basic principle described above, fusion reaction device according to the present invention can increase reaction cross-section,
To realize bigger fusion reaction.It is described below how fusion reaction device according to the present invention realizes reaction cross-section
Change.
Change reaction cross-section
The probability of fusion reaction between a pair of of atomic nucleus is indicated by reaction cross-section σ.Reaction cross-section σ is usually by a function
To measure.For example, reaction cross-section σ is normally defined:
Wherein B is the quantity of interior every target atom core per unit time, and I is the incidence of per unit target area per unit time
Number of particles.When reaction cross-section, σ is defined in this way, each fusion reaction will have determination in the case where given ENERGY E
, specific reaction cross-section area.
The fusion reaction rate of per unit capacity, in a specific fusion reaction device are as follows:
Wherein, if the first atomic nucleus and the second atomic nucleus are same atomic nucleus, δ12=1 (for example, deuterium and deuterium are sent out
Raw fusion reaction)；Otherwise δ12=0, and<σ v>is the average response of fusion reaction device, is defined as follows:
F (v) is the distribution function of relative velocity, according toNormalizing.If second atomic nucleus is quiet
Only,<σ v>=σ v；However, the definition of front is suitable for the mobile situation of the second atomic nucleus, and the original of every Thermodynamic parameters
Daughter nucleus can have different relative velocities.
The rate of fusion energy release is given by:
Wherein, W is the release gross energy of per unit volume, E be discharged by a single fusion reaction energy (
p-11In B fusion reaction, E=8.68MeV).
The probability that two atomic nucleus are contacted with each other by quantum tunneling events is described by the transparency T of tunneling barrier,
A possibility that wherein higher T value illustrates tunneling events is bigger.Since tunnelling is the main mechanism for generating fusion, tunnelling gesture
The transparency T at base (i.e. σ ∝ T) directly proportional to reaction cross-section σ.It is approximately:
Wherein, e is Euler's numbers, ∈GIt is the energy that coulomb potential barrier changes.As two nuclear distance x >=xTWhen, ∈GIt can
To be written as:
Herein, q1 is first nuclear electricity,Potential is the function of x, xTBeAt point
The effect gesture that electronics is subject to.
These relationships as a result,It is higher, (for example, bigger coulomb barrier), EGIt is bigger, this in turn will reduce T,
σ,R.As E > 0, will all be reduced among any systemTherefore, in potentialIn higher fusion reaction device, often
Less fusion activity and lower fusion energy rate of release are had, in potentialIn lower fusion reaction device, often
Have more fusion events and higher fusion energy release rate.It is comparable to reduce potential as described above, reducing coulomb barrierThese technologies can be used in an embodiment of the present invention to increase reaction cross-section σ；Which increases fusion reaction rates.
From the description of the basic principle as above utilized to the present invention it is found that being different from according to the technique and scheme of the present invention existing
Some obtains the technical solution of high particle density by establishing dense ionization plasma, fills in fusion reaction according to the present invention
In setting, the particle density loaded in discharge electrode 201a, 201b, which is greater than, can be obtained particle by other plasmas
Density.Since in fusion reaction device according to the present invention, particle essentially lies in solid or is placed in solid material
In material, therefore its unstability that will not generate plasma, so particle density (n obtained1And n2) also than with forceful electric power
From the much larger a order of magnitude of plasma particle density obtained, and (density is greater than 10 with weakly ionized plasma17/cm3)
Particle density obtained, which is compared, also wants more high orders of magnitude.In embodiments of the invention, particle density is that fusion is anti-
Answer the particle density of the whole volume of device.In addition, the compression as caused by centripetal force is so that the constricted zone in fusion reaction increases
Add particle density, reaches 10 in the region of reactant aggregation18/cm3。
In addition, embodiment according to the present invention uses the boron compound of solid form, particle density magnitude is 1023/
cm3.Therefore, in fusion reaction concentrated area, the present invention realizes the order of magnitude of the particle density in physical container and is greater than this
Other methods are (for example, tokamak reaction is not carried out lasting particle density and is greater than about 10 known to field14/cm3) institute's energy
The particle density order of magnitude of acquisition.
In addition, an advantage of fusion reaction device according to the present invention is, it can effectively inhibit electronics bremsstrahlung to produce
Raw loss.In traditional fusion reactor, such as tokamak uses the plasma of heat, highly ionized, therefore electronics-
The main reason for ionic interaction leads to bremsstrahlung and cyclotron radiation, this is energy loss, and this is also traditional fusion
Reaction system not yet meets one of the reason of Lawson's standard.However, due to being used in fusion reaction device according to the present invention
High density, weakly ionized, more low temperature plasma, therefore which inhibits electron mobilities, greatly reduce electronics a piece of wood serving as a brake to halt a carriage and cause spoke
Penetrate loss.
The phase transformation of hydrogen under high pressure
In general, can be using hydrogen as fusion fuel in fusion reaction.Under high pressure, compression hydrogen atom can become liquid or
Solid metal, this depends on the rotation status of compressing force and they.Either in liquid or solid state, the density of hydrogen
The much higher magnitude of density when than in gaseous state.Therefore, when being in liquid or solid-state, total fusion reaction rate of hydrogen will
It is corresponding higher.
In addition, hydrogen becomes the superconductor of high conductivity, even zero resistance when in liquid or solid-state.This increases
Total electric conductivity of fusion reaction device according to the present invention, reduces resistance loss and required input energy.Therefore, in this way
Fusion reaction device whole efficiency it is bigger, to be easier to realize big Q and corresponding energy gain.
In addition, fusion reaction device according to the present invention is using sub-micron area, preferably nanometer area (for example, about one
Cubic nanometer, 10-27Cubic meter) or smaller high charge density region controlled fusion reaction is provided, will retouch in detail below
It states.Moreover, fusion reaction device according to the present invention is preferably using simple constraint scheme, such as caused by promote etc. from
When daughter is rotated, fusion reaction device according to the present invention is not needed using any magnetic field, and only passes through discharge electrode
Oscillating electric field caused by 201a, 201b can be realized as.In addition, fusion reaction device according to the present invention is by creation or repairs
Change the other influences such as quantum, to provide or enhance fusion reaction.
In a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, discharge electrode (201a, the 201b of example as shown in figure 1) be can wrap
Contain, itself is exactly or formed grid, it is netted, in the gentle hole minor structure of cage any one or combinations thereof and variant.This makes
A high density electronics regions can be formed in tapered configuration 203a, 203b of discharge electrode.In addition, discharge electrode 201a,
201b can hold, carry, encapsulating, including, supporting, showing, safeguarding and the variant of composite reaction object.In addition, electronic generator
Electronics caused by 204 can pass through the combination and variation of formula or these modes either in collection movement, agglomeration, polymerization
It flocks together to increase electron density.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the section at the tip of tapered configuration 203a, 203b can be
Circle, square, rectangle, ellipse, tooth shape, annular knife-edge, in sharp cone distal any one or combinations thereof, and there is micron order
Or smaller area.That is, discharge electrode 201a, 201b can have discontinuity.This discontinuity can be discontinuously
Region, preferably discontinuous one or more points.It should be appreciated that point above-mentioned may still have some regions, only
Its area is smaller.For example, discontinuous one or more points used herein is commonly referred to as general circle, one
As square shape, general rectangular shape, General Elliptic shape or other shapes, have about 1 square micron or smaller face
Product, preferably approximately 500 square nanometers or smaller area, more preferable 100 square nanometers or smaller area, more preferable 10 squares
Nanometer or smaller area.In general, this discrete point or region are closed on highly dense as caused by electronic generator 204
Electronics regions are spent, the central area of the high density electronics regions is more preferably located at.Discontinuity point can be knife-edge, can also be
Endless knife edge preferably can also be sharp cone distal component, such as point, solid or tubular nanometer needle etc..In addition, discharge electrode
201a, 201b may include one, two or more discontinuity point or region.When there are multiple discontinuity poinies or region,
These points or region can be identical or different in terms of such as shape, reactant or other attributes.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, described discharge electrode 201a, 201b can be by palladium, tungsten, boron
Hydride, titanium, tantalum, the gettering material for hydrogen and low-molecular-weight gas, fusion fuel, composite material, alloy, in cermet
Any one or combinations thereof formed.Moreover, discharge electrode 201a, 201b may include multiple layers, each layer can be by
Identical or different material is formed and each layer can have identical or different structure.It is located below in this multiple layer
Layer may be exposed in fusion reaction over time.In addition, the table of described discharge electrode 201a, 201b
It could be formed with coating on face, the coating is conductive.For example, the coating can be by gold, copper, silver or other conduction materials
Material is formed, and is preferably selected with good electric conductivity and low-resistance material and formed the coating.
Fusion fuel used in fusion reaction device according to the present invention can be identified in this application any
Material or the known any material being used in such fusion reaction are later discovered that and are useful and can be packed into or with it
Any material that its mode mixes or more preferably included by tapered configuration 203a, 203b by discharge electrode 201a, 201b.Institute
State fusion fuel can for such as hydrogen, -1 deuterium of hydrogen, boron -11, lithium -6, lithium -7, helium -3, nitrogen -15, tritium and their mixture,
In addition, may advantageously, because it is good electron emitter, such as boron nitride or lanthanum hexaboride using molecular compound
Or six cerium boride and combinations thereof or modification and other types of material.Fusion fuel can be pre-loaded or when in fusion reaction
It is middle to be reloaded into discharge electrode 201a, 201b when being exhausted completely or partially, it is preferable that be pre-loaded or reload
Into previously described discontinuity point or region, high density electronic area above-mentioned is most preferably pre-loaded or is reloaded into
In domain.
In addition, any one following side can also be passed through other than being preloaded into discharge electrode 201a, 201b
Formula or combinations thereof loads fusion fuel: fusion fuel being continuously loaded into discharge electrode, is loaded into discharge electrode in batches
And in-situ generation fusion fuel (for example, for helium -3) during fusion reaction.For example, the tubulose for palladium is received
For the discharge electrode of rice needle stand structure, there is a closed tip pin mark, which, which can have, has been filled with excess
The inner space (or the inner space being in fluid communication with hydrogen source) of hydrogen, in this way when hydrogen is consumed totally in fusion process,
Can reload hydrogen into the inner space.
Preferably, the ratio between the volume of fusion fuel (such as hydrogen) and the volume of discharge electrode (for example, palladium) can significantly increase
Add fusion reaction.For example, the volume of fusion fuel can be 2 times, 3 times, 5 times, 7 times or bigger of discharge electrode volume, this is taken
Certainly in the structure of used fusion fuel, used discharge electrode material and discharge electrode.By hydrogen be used as fusion fuel,
Palladium is used as in the embodiment of discharge electrode material, hydrogen can be loaded into 8 times of palladium amount.
Preferably, the density of fusion fuel used in fusion reaction device according to the present invention can be 1015/ cc or more
Greatly, such as 1018/cc、1020/cc、1022/ cc, more preferably about 1023/cc.It should be pointed out that with having larger fusion combustion
Expect magnetic fusion device (such as tokamak reactor, it was reported that its particle density is limited to 10 of density14/cm3) compare, the present invention
The density of fusion fuel that can accommodate of fusion reaction device it is bigger.
Fusion fuel can be loaded into discharge electrode 201a, 201b by intake method, as long as discharge electrode structure-is poly-
Become fuel type and shows this phenomenon.In addition, fusion fuel can pass through times that be known in the art or developing later
What method or technique is loaded, is reloaded, mixing or smaller atom level particle is added in discharge electrode 201a, 201b.
Moreover, fusion fuel itself can also be in discharge electrode 201a, 201b.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, electronic generator 204 can be microwave generator, rf wave
In generator (for example, it can run under 1.63 Gigahertzs), laser or similar device any one or combinations thereof.
The electronic generator 204 can be located on discharge electrode 201a, 201b.Fusion is being carried out using fusion reaction device of the invention
When reaction, electronic generator 204 make caused by electronics first along discharge electrode 201a, 201b towards aforementioned discontinuity point
Or region flowing (i.e. forward flow of electrons), then make electronics quickly from discontinuity point or region reverse flow (i.e. inversion electron
Stream).In this way, along discharge electrode 201a, 201b surface flow forward and backward electron stream in discontinuity point or region
In produce high density electronics.The coating on discharge electrode 201a, 201b can be improved or promote this along electric discharge electricity
The flowing of pole surface.High density electronics regions result from, such as at the peak value in 204 period of electronic generator.Typical high density
The period at electronics peak is about identical as the frequency of electronic generator 204, and although it is possible to double or other both make
Between difference factor.For example, electronic generator 204 can operate under about 10 microns to about 0.1 micron of wavelength.The electricity
Electronic generator 204 can also work under x-ray and gamma-ray wavelength to obtain higher electron density.These electronic generators
204 power be it is the smallest, need about 1 milliwatt to about 10 milliwatts, and each discontinuity point or region are usually less than
About 1 milliwatt.
When laser is used as electronic generator 204, laser can be oriented at discontinuity point described above
Or on region, and the high density electronics of forward and reverse flowing is established, to generate high density electronics regions peak value.Optical maser wavelength
About 10 microns to 0.1 micron, laser power can be from about 1 nanowatt to 1 milliwatt, about 1 milliwatt to about 10 milliwatts, usually less than
1 milliwatt.Coating selection on discharge electrode 201a, 201b is for optimizing the material of laser material interaction, more preferably
Selection is used for while optimizing the interactive material with electron stream flowing of laser material.
In addition to laser, microwave generator and RF generator, other way or equipment can also be used to generate high density electricity
Subregion, such as high density electronics regions are generated using that electronics can be gathered to highdensity cavity magnetron, utilize electronics
Nonlinear effect in beam plasma generates high density electronics regions, and in the nonlinear effect, electronics wave energy is in three-dimensional
Upper collapse generates the region with high density electronics to very small.
The density of electronics caused by electronic generator 204 is approximately more than 1015The electric field of/cc, high density electronics regions are about big
In 108Volt/rice.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, the number of the discharge electrode be it is multiple, it is each described to put
The structure of the substrate of electrode can be identical or different, and the fusion reaction device can also include that monitor (does not show
Out), when fusion fuel of the monitor in the partial discharge electrode for being applied electrical power is exhausted completely or partially,
Promote another part discharge electrode for being not yet applied electrical power to be applied electrical power and promotes the electronic generator 204 to this
Electronics is provided in the substrate of partial discharge electrode so that fusion reaction occurs for the fusion fuel in the partial discharge electrode.
In another preferred embodiment according to the present invention, fusion reaction device according to the present invention can be with generation electric power
Device be connected.The device of the generation electric power includes for generating electric current, voltage or two from the heat that fusion reaction generates
The sensor chip of person.Therefore, by way of example, a kind of (A) radioactive ray detection type diode can generate electric power from fusion products,
(B) a part of thermal energy can be converted to electric current by a kind of thermoelectric device, (C) drive a kind of fluid, extension or generate phase transformation from
And create electricity or other available energy.The electric power that fusion reaction generates can be also used for: (D) is slowed down by electromagnetic field
The mechanism of resulting charged particle, to be converted directly into electric energy；(E) is put into small electrode the position of adjacent discontinuity point,
Collide charged particle and an electrode, to induce electric current and charge for connected battery or capacitor.Generate electric power
Device may include combinations of the above.For example, if the device for being converted directly into electric energy be it is partially effective, it can be with heat
Electric device combines, remaining heat after directly being changed the mechanism with conversion.
In addition, the electrode of the device for generating electric power can also be located at or fire in fusion although being not required
The periphery of material, such as be comprised in closed micro- container, fill or there is flowing hydrogen to pass through.
In addition, embodiment according to the present invention can use quantum, electrostatic, machinery or other effects, comprising: big electricity
Field, high density electronics, matter power, adjustment change coulomb barrier, modify associated reaction cross-section, space charge or electrical screen
Effect is covered, uncharged particle, the coupling of ion neutrality, nuclear magnetic moment interaction, spin polarization, magnetic dipole-dipole phase interaction are used
With, high density material, the compressing force of centrifugal force and matter power, the phase transformation of hydrogen, the variation of positive feedback mechanism and these effects.?
This, modifying, change in all bibliography, reducing, reducing or eliminating a coulomb potential barrier is by one or more of the other feature (example
Such as, high electron density) in the presence of, even if Coulomb barrier itself (independences of these features) remains unchanged.
For fusion generation, two atomic nucleus be must reach over to；However, atomic nucleus is very small (in 10-15 meters of quantity
Grade), and because they be it is positively charged, repel each other.The potential energy curve 501 of double grains subsystem such as Fig. 2A, wherein the
One atomic nucleus 502 is close to second atomic nucleus.On transverse axis, x is the distance between two atomic nucleus.When the first atom
Potential energy 501 close to zero when core is far from the second atomic nucleus, as the first atomic nucleus is close to the second atomic nucleus, potential energy of system 501 is row
Denounce the summation of coulomb potential (just) and strong nuclear force (negative) potential energy to attract each other.Once two atomic nucleus are very close, in distance
xn(wherein xnIt is approximately equal to the sum of two nuclear radiuses) at, potential energy of system 501 becomes negative, this is because the effect of strong nuclear force.
Therefore, term " coulomb barrier " is for describing two atomic nucleus by breakdown or obtaining more than potential curve shown in Fig. 2A
High potential energy and the complexity being in contact.
Fusion reaction device according to the present invention can reduce or reduce coulomb barrier, and (can may be attracted by negative
Power) influence of electric potential and eliminate a coulomb potential barrier.Such a negative potential is shown in Fig. 2 B.Negative potential 505 shown in this figure, and
The additive effect and initial system potential energy 503 of negative potential 505 are created that a new potential energy 504, so that coulomb barrier is lowered.
Thus, for example, the present invention can be reduced or be reduced coulomb barrier: space charge or electrical screen by using following effect
Cover effect；Big electric field, uses neutral particle at high density electronics；Ion-uncharged particle coupling；Nuclear magnetic moment interaction, spin
Polarization or the influence of dipole-dipole interaction；And said combination and other influences.Fig. 2 C shows initial system potential energy 503
Connexus power 506, electronic shield potential 507 (for example, high density electronics and big electric field) and nuclear moments interaction electricity
The potential energy of system 504 obtained after gesture 508.These can be independent and be applied in combination to reduce coulomb barrier, so that atomic nucleus is more
It is easy to overcome potential barrier by tunnelling, thus improves the probability of happening of fusion reaction.
Fig. 3 shows a kind of perspective view of illustrative discharge electrode structure.As shown in figure 3, the discharge electrode includes pipe
Shape portion 100 and tapered portion 101, the tapered portion 101 have tip 102, for example, tip 102 can be one or more points, this is
One discontinuous as described above.When electronic generator 204 (being not shown in Fig. 3) is applied to electric discharge electricity shown in Fig. 3
When extremely upper, the movement of generated electronics is as shown in double-head arrow 103.Wherein, the arrow 103a for being directed toward tip 102 indicates positive electricity
Son movement, the arrow 103b for being directed toward tubular portion 100 indicate reverse electron motion.High density electronics regions are located at tip 102, high
Electric field region is indicated by label 104.Although it is now recognized that generate high density electronics regions effect be mainly skin effect,
Protection scope of the present invention should not be limited to thoses mentioned above.
In addition, the mode of electron motion indicated by arrow 103a, 103b preferably aggregation, relevant or both have.Cause
This, theoretically, the electron motion type that this aggregation of electronics and coherent motion and superconducting material exhibits go out is similar or identical.Root
It is to carry out at a room temperature and a high temperature according to this aggregation of the invention and coherent electron movement.Therefore, the present invention provides be used for ring
The electron motion of border temperature and above-mentioned superconduction and similar superconduction behavior.
Fig. 4 shows the tip 102 in Fig. 3 and the cross-sectional view of tapered portion 101, wherein label 106a, 106b,
The fusion fuel that 106c and 106d is indicated is located in tapered portion 101.When fusion reaction occurs, high density electronics regions 102 into
One step promotes or strengthens the fusion reaction of fusion fuel.Theoretically, the presence of the high density electronics produces negative potential well, thus
Coulomb barrier is reduced, the fusion between fusion fuel such as 106b and 106c is promoted.In addition, theoretically, in local high density
Matter power is further created in electronics regions, which drives fusion fuel and electronics to enter tapered portion 101 together with negative potential well
In preferably enter in tip 102, to enhance the fusion reaction of fusion fuel.
Fig. 5 shows the schematic diagram of electric field caused by fusion reaction device shown in FIG. 1.Fig. 5 is a plan view,
It is the schematic diagram for overlooking tip 203a and electrode 201b downwards along y-axis.It should be appreciated that similar electric field will be produced by electrode 201a
It is raw.Different regions has different electric fields, such as the electric field in region 220 is 3000 α volts/rice, and the electric field in region 221 is 2500
α volt/rice, the battery in region 222 are 2350 α volts/rice, and the electric field in region 223 is 1500 α volts/rice, and the electric field in region 224 is 650
α volt/rice, wherein α is proportionality constant, depends on the voltage of generator.
The perspective diagram for the array 600 that Fig. 6 is made of several hundred a discharge electrodes, wherein such as 601a's and 601b
Discharge electrode is placed on planar supporting structure 603.Each discharge electrode has discontinuity point or region, such as 602,
It is a microdot or tip in the present embodiment.Fusion combustion is mounted in the discontinuity point of each discharge electrode or region 602
Expect and be connected with the electronic generator, wherein the generation of fusion reaction can be driven when discharge electrode is applied electrical power.From battle array
The energy that column 600 are assembled can be converted electric energy or other possible form of energy needed.In the present embodiment, discharge electrode
It can be made of silicon, silicon carbide or other suitable materials.
Fig. 7 a shows the schematic diagram with palladium-gold-palladium three-decker discharge electrode structure, periodically arranges thereon
Hole；Fig. 7 b shows the viewgraph of cross-section that the center in the hole from Fig. 7 a is seen.Wherein, following parameter: d is used in Fig. 7
=30nm, w=15nm, D=100nm.The three-decker can generate very big electric-field enhancing.It should be noted that tapered configuration
The three-decker as shown in Figure 7 also can be used in 203a, 203b.By using femtosecond laser, local plasma surface
(LSP) it is excited.By Optimal Parameters, a very big electric-field enhancing is observed in resonance frequency.Calculated result shows palladium layers
Near, which generates with the comparable very high potential difference of coulomb potential barrier magnitude between two deuterons, so as to overcome
Coulomb repulsion and the probability that largely enhancing fusion reaction occurs.
Fig. 8 shows the schematic diagram of the exemplary fusion reaction device of another embodiment according to the present invention.It needs to illustrate
, the size in the figure is merely exemplary, is not construed as limiting the invention.In the figure, 807 be tungsten wire,
As the nanotip of dipole, high electron density is generated herein as the result for applying oscillating electric field, in Fig. 1
Conducting wire 202a, 202b effect it is identical；806 be copper rod, discharge electrode 201a, the 201b being equivalent in Fig. 1；802 be special
Fluorine dragon base portion, for being used as insulator, feed line or transmission line；801 be ion microscope, anti-for observing entire fusion
It answers process and directly observes fusion products, and for observing before and after importing fusion fuel atomic nucleus (such as deuterium, tritium)
Atomic surface arrangement；805 be vacuum reaction chamber, the reaction chamber 200 being equivalent in Fig. 1, the vacuum reaction chamber 805
Vacuum pump is connected to be vacuumized by vacuum pump；803 be fastener, by its precession left part, 803 fasteners and 806 vertical bronze medals
Stick forms dipole (dipole)；804 be threaded hole for fixing copper sheet (fastener).
It is described the prefered embodiments of the present invention in detail above in conjunction with attached drawing, still, the present invention is not limited to above-mentioned realities
The detail in mode is applied, within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, a variety of letters can be carried out to technical solution of the present invention
Monotropic type, these simple variants all belong to the scope of protection of the present invention.
It is further to note that specific technical features described in the above specific embodiments, in not lance
In the case where shield, it can be combined in any appropriate way.In order to avoid unnecessary repetition, the present invention to it is various can
No further explanation will be given for the combination of energy.
In addition, various embodiments of the present invention can be combined randomly, as long as it is without prejudice to originally
The thought of invention, it should also be regarded as the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of fusion reaction device, which is characterized in that the fusion reaction device includes reaction chamber, electronic generator and at least
One discharge electrode, wherein the discharge electrode and the electronic generator are located in the reaction chamber, the discharge electrode
Substrate be tapered configuration, when carrying out fusion reaction, the electronics that fusion fuel and the electronic generator generate all is provided
Into the substrate, and the plasma with ion and neutral particle generated from fusion fuel is being applied electrical power
The discharge electrode caused by oscillating electric field driving under rotation to occur fusion reaction, produced by the electronic generator
Electronics for reducing the coulomb potential between two in the plasma close intranuclear positively charged protons
It builds.
2. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the discharge electrode includes, itself is exactly or
Person formed grid, it is netted, in the gentle hole minor structure of cage any one or combinations thereof and variant.
3. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the discharge electrode is by palladium, tungsten, hydroboration
Object, titanium, tantalum, the gettering material for hydrogen and low-molecular-weight gas, fusion fuel, composite material, alloy, appointing in cermet
One of anticipating or combinations thereof is formed.
4. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the discharge electrode includes multiple layers, each
The layer is formed by identical or different material and each layer has identical or different structure.
5. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that be formed with painting on the surface of the discharge electrode
Layer, the coating are conductive.
6. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the section at the tip of the tapered configuration is circle
Shape, square, rectangle, ellipse, tooth shape, annular knife-edge, in sharp cone distal any one or combinations thereof, and have micron order or
Smaller area.
7. fusion reaction device according to claim 6, which is characterized in that the area in the section at the tip is 10 squares
Nanometer is smaller.
8. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the volume of the fusion fuel is the electric discharge
The volume of electrode it is 2 times or more large.
9. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the number of the discharge electrode be it is multiple, respectively
The structure of the substrate of a discharge electrode can be identical or different, and the fusion reaction device further includes monitor,
When fusion fuel of the monitor in the partial discharge electrode for being applied electrical power is exhausted completely or partially, promote
Another part discharge electrode for being not yet applied electrical power is applied electrical power and the electronic generator is promoted to put to the part
Electronics is provided in the substrate of electrode so that fusion reaction occurs for the fusion fuel in the partial discharge electrode.
10. fusion reaction device according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the electronic generator be microwave generator,
In radio frequency wave generator, laser any one or combinations thereof.
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| CN201710995686.6A CN109698032A (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | A kind of fusion reaction device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710995686.6A CN109698032A (en) | 2017-10-23 | 2017-10-23 | A kind of fusion reaction device |
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