CN208028210U - Dual-frequency dual-polarization laminated patch antenna based on microstrip balun feed - Google Patents
Dual-frequency dual-polarization laminated patch antenna based on microstrip balun feed Download PDFInfo
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- CN208028210U CN208028210U CN201820450081.9U CN201820450081U CN208028210U CN 208028210 U CN208028210 U CN 208028210U CN 201820450081 U CN201820450081 U CN 201820450081U CN 208028210 U CN208028210 U CN 208028210U
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- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
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- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
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- 238000005388 cross polarization Methods 0.000 abstract description 16
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a dual-frenquency double polarization stromatolite paster antenna based on microstrip balun feed, compared with prior art and solved dual-frenquency double polarization antenna impedance bandwidth narrow excessively, the isolation is lower, the big defect of cross polarization, the utility model discloses AN it has four rectangle caps to inlay on the first square paster, four feed probes are located four rectangle caps respectively, four feed probes all pass microwave medium base plate, well microwave medium base plate and lower microwave medium base plate and 4 feed probes's upper end links to each other with four rectangle caps respectively, wherein 2 feed probes's lower extreme links to each other with two output ports of first microstrip balun respectively, 2 feed probes's lower extreme links to each other with two output ports of second microstrip balun respectively in addition, the utility model has the advantages of relative bandwidth is big, the isolation is high, cross polarization is little, radiation pattern symmetry, be applicable to WiMAX, W L AN wireless communication system.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to microwave passive component technical fields, and the double frequency specifically based on microstrip balun feed is double
Polarize laminated patch antenna.
Background technology
Transmitting and receiving apparatus of the antenna as radio communication directly affects the quality of electric wave signal, thus, antenna exists
Occupy extremely important status in radio communication.One reasonable for structure, function admirable antenna system can be to the maximum extent
The requirement to entire wireless system is reduced, so as to save system cost, while the performance of entire wireless system can be improved.
Microstrip antenna is due to having many advantages, such as low section, light structure, miniaturization, low-loss, at low cost as some wireless domains
Preferred antenna.It proposes that micro-strip microwave antenna is made using the radiation of microstrip line early in nineteen fifty-three professor G.A.DcDhamps
Concept.But in next nearly 20 years, the research of only having some fragmentary to this.Until 1972, since microwave integrates skill
Active demand of the development and space technology of art to low profile antenna, awns gloomy (R.E.Munson) and Howell
(J.Q.Howell) etc. first practical microstrip antenna has been made in researchers.Therewith, it is expanded in the world to microstrip antenna
Research and application extensively.
Currently with the rapid development of global traffic, the wireless mobile communications as Future Personal Communication's main means
Oneself arouses great concern technology, and in entire wireless telecommunication system, antenna is to convert radiofrequency signal to wireless communication
Number Primary Component, the excellent success or failure to wireless communication engineering of performance play an important role.Modern wireless communication technology and
The fast development of Radar Technology, wireless communication system increase the antenna requirements with characteristics such as multiband, big bandwidth.In order to
Solve the problems, such as this, dual-band antenna comes into being, and double-frequency micro-strip antenna has compact-sized, low-loss, high-performance, multi-mode
Characteristic and be widely used in wireless communication every field.
Equally, develop increasingly rapid wireless communications market to increase the antenna requirements with dual polarization characteristic, because
Antenna with polarization diversity has saved installation cost to a certain extent, and if dual polarized antenna can receive two simultaneously
A mutually orthogonal polarized wave, the polarized gain brought by polarization diversity can maximize.Have in this case double
The antenna of frequency band dual polarization characteristic have stimulated demand of the market for such antenna.
In the prior art, by loading the form of parasitic conduction band around aerial radiation patch, made using short-circuit split ring
The conventional method of rectangular channel is etched for radiation patch and on patch can make antenna have dual-band characteristic, but for this
A little methods cannot all meet the requirement of Modern wireless communication in the presence of the too small defect of two resonance frequency band internal impedance bandwidth.Make day
The method that line obtains dual polarization characteristic also has very much, such as all using feed probes of different shapes or different feed structures
Dual-polarized characteristic can be obtained, but since the various shapes of feed probes make some antennas although be provided with dual polarization
Characteristic, but the antenna pattern of antenna there are asymmetric situation and some deformation feed probes make antenna body
Product becomes larger, and largely limits the use condition of antenna.
Meanwhile for traditional antenna with dual-band and dual-polarization characteristic all one problems of generally existing, as obtain double
The characteristic of frequency band and the characteristic for sacrificing high impedance bandwidth, undoubtedly this will limit the use scope of antenna.In addition, only by changing
Become aerial radiation structure or feed shape to obtain dual polarization characteristic this point, to a certain extent to the radiation direction of antenna
Figure causes influence and these are all the problem of can not be ignored so that entire antenna volume becomes larger.
Therefore, how antenna simultaneously there is dual-band dual-polarized characteristic under the premise of improve antenna impedance bandwidth, every
From degree, cross polarization rejection ability, while can radiosymmetric directional diagram, reduce antenna volume have become be badly in need of solve
Technical problem.
Utility model content
Purpose of the utility model is to solve dual-band dual-polarized antenna impedance bandwidths in the prior art narrow, isolation
Defect relatively low, cross polarization is big provides a kind of dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna fed based on microstrip balun to solve
The above problem.
To achieve the goals above, the technical solution of the utility model is as follows：
A kind of dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna based on microstrip balun feed, including aerial radiation component and antenna feed
Electrical component, aerial radiation component include the first resonant element component and the second resonant element component,
The first resonant element component includes upper microwave-medium substrate, and the upper surface of upper microwave-medium substrate is etched with
First square patch, the second resonant element component include middle microwave-medium substrate, and the upper surface of middle microwave-medium substrate is etched with
Second square patch, antenna feed assembly include lower microwave-medium substrate, and metal ground plate is printed on lower microwave-medium substrate
Upper surface, the first microstrip balun and the second microstrip balun are printed on the lower surface of microwave-medium substrate, the first microstrip balun and
Chip-R is welded on two microstrip baluns, the first microstrip balun is identical as the structure of the second microstrip balun, the first micro-strip bar
Human relations are divided into two output ports in the rear end of Chip-R by power splitter；
Upper microwave-medium substrate is mounted on middle microwave-medium substrate, and middle microwave-medium substrate is mounted on lower microwave-medium base
On plate, the quantity of feed probes is four；
It is inlayed on first square patch there are four rectangle cap, four feed probes are located in four rectangle caps, four
Feed probes both pass through the upper of microwave-medium substrate, middle microwave-medium substrate and lower microwave-medium substrate and 4 feed probes
End be connected respectively with four rectangle caps, wherein the lower end of 2 feed probes respectively with two output port phases of the first microstrip balun
Even, the lower end of another 2 feed probes is connected with two output ports of the second microstrip balun respectively.
Rectangular channel, the second square patch and metallic ground there are two being inlayed on the four edges of first square patch
Circular hole is etched on plate at the underface of rectangle cap, feed probes pass through circular hole.
The feed probes are cylinder.
Systematicness is equipped with metallization VIA on the four edges of the microwave-medium substrate and microwave-medium substrate.
On first microstrip balun the part of power splitter rear end be broad-band phase shifter.
2 feed probes being connected with two output ports of the first microstrip balun in four rectangle caps are located at first
On the cross central line of square patch, 2 feeds being connected with two output ports of the second microstrip balun in four rectangle caps are visited
Needle is located on the longitudinal centre line of the first square patch.
The long side of the rectangular channel is rectangular towards the center line of the first square patch and the long side of rectangular channel and first
The side of patch is perpendicular.
Advantageous effect
The dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna based on microstrip balun feed of the utility model, leads to compared with prior art
It crosses and constitutes stacked patch structure introducing dual-band characteristic using the mode for being superimposed dielectric-slab again on dielectric-slab, using low section
Microstrip balun network is fed, and patch fluting and introducing capacitance offset inductance to increase impedance bandwidth, in microstrip balun
180 ° of phase shifters are added and introduce constant amplitude inversion signal realization raising isolation, reduce cross polarization.
Based on microstrip balun feed dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna design method, can design high broadband,
The high performance dual-frequency and dual-polarization microstrip antenna of high-isolation, low-cross polarization, low section.
Based on the microstrip antenna of the utility model design, two resonant bandwidths of antenna are：2.75-4.01GHz is (opposite
Bandwidth 37.3%), 4.4-5.21GHz, (relative bandwidth 16.9%).Peak gain in two bandwidth is 8.1dBi, 5.8dBi.
It is more than 35dB in the isolation of entire resonant bandwidth internal antenna, cross polarization rejection ability is higher than 20dB.It is bipolar with traditional double frequency
Change antenna to compare, has the advantages that opposite band is roomy, isolation is high, cross polarization is small, antenna pattern is symmetrical, be suitable for
WiMAX, WLAN wireless communication system.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural perspective of the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the structure top view of the utility model；
Fig. 3 is the structural side view of the utility model；
Fig. 4 is the structural schematic diagram of the utility model antenna feed assembly；
Fig. 5 is the circuit diagram of antenna feed assembly in the utility model；
Fig. 6 is the structural schematic diagram that aerial radiation component carries antenna feed assembly in the utility model；
Fig. 7 is microstrip balun phase difference output analogous diagram in the utility model antenna feed assembly；
Fig. 8 is microstrip balun S parameter analogous diagram in the utility model antenna feed assembly；
Fig. 9 is the emulation of antenna S parameter and test and comparison figure of the utility model；
Figure 10 is the antenna gain emulation and test and comparison figure of the utility model；
Figure 11 a are the antenna pattern of emulation and test when the first microstrip balun of the utility model antenna encourages；
Figure 11 b are the antenna pattern of emulation and test when the second microstrip balun of the utility model antenna encourages；
Wherein, the first square patch of 101-, the second square patch of 102-, 103- metal ground plates, 201- rectangles cap,
Microwave-medium substrate, 603- in the upper microwave-medium substrate of 301- rectangular channels, 401- circular holes, 501- metallization VIAs, 601-, 602-
Lower microwave-medium substrate, the first microstrip baluns of 701-, the second microstrip baluns of 702-, 801- Chip-Rs, 901- feed probes.
Specific implementation mode
To make the structure feature to the utility model and the effect of being reached has a better understanding and awareness, to compared with
Good embodiment and attached drawing cooperation detailed description, are described as follows：
As shown in Figure 1, Figure 2 and Figure 3, the dual-band and dual-polarization lamination patch described in the utility model based on microstrip balun feed
Chip antenna, including aerial radiation component and antenna feed assembly.Aerial radiation component includes the first resonant element component and second
Resonant element component.
First resonant element component includes upper microwave-medium substrate 601, and the upper surface of upper microwave-medium substrate 601 is etched with
First square patch 101, the second resonant element component include middle microwave-medium substrate 602, the upper table of middle microwave-medium substrate 602
Facet etch has the second square patch 102.Upper microwave-medium substrate 601 and middle microwave-medium substrate 602 can be F4B, and microwave is situated between
The dielectric constant of matter substrate is 2.65, loss angle tangent 0.003, thickness 5mm.By being etched in upper microwave-medium base respectively
The first square patch 101 and the second square patch 102 on plate 601 and middle microwave-medium substrate 602 form the first resonant element
Component and the second resonant element component realize antenna dual frequency characteristics by two resonant element components.
Antenna feed assembly includes lower microwave-medium substrate 603, and lower microwave-medium substrate 603 can be FR4, and microwave is situated between
The dielectric constant of matter substrate is 4.4, loss angle tangent 0.02, thickness 1mm.Metal ground plate 103 is printed on lower microwave and is situated between
The upper surface of matter substrate 603, the first microstrip balun 701 and the second microstrip balun 702 printing (etching) are in microwave-medium substrate 603
Lower surface, the first microstrip balun 701 and the second microstrip balun 702 are matched with SMA coaxial fittings for encouraging in a traditional way
Antenna.When first microstrip balun 701 and the second microstrip balun 702 work respectively, it is special that single microstrip balun controls a kind of polarization
Property, dual polarization characteristic is realized with this.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, it is welded with Chip-R 801 on the first microstrip balun 701 and the second microstrip balun 702,
First microstrip balun 701 is identical as the structure of the second microstrip balun 702, and the first microstrip balun 701 is in the rear end of Chip-R 801
It is divided into two output ports by power splitter.Here, power splitter can be 3dB Wilkinson power splitters, Wilkinson work(point
Input signal is partially assigned to two output ports by device, and keeps identical output phase.
In order to make the isolation between antenna input port maximize and improve cross polarization rejection ability, the first microstrip balun
On 701 the part of power splitter rear end can be broad-band phase shifter, broad-band phase shifter can be with 180 ° of broad-band phase shifters, i.e., two
Microstrip balun structure having the same is made of a 3dB Wilkinson power splitter and 180 ° of broad-band phase shifters.
Wilkinson power splitters export the equiphase signals of amplitudes such as two-way using 180 ° of broad-band phase shifters, and two microstrip baluns are defeated
The opposite signal of exit port output amplitude equal phase.
When the first microstrip balun 701 works normally, and 702 matching connection of the second microstrip balun loads, the first microstrip balun
701 are directly connected to two rectangle caps 201 for being parallel to x-axis by feed probes 901, into row energization, the polarization side of antenna at this time
Formula is horizontal polarization.When the second microstrip balun 702 works normally, and 701 matching connection of the first microstrip balun loads, the second micro-strip
Balun 702 is directly connected to two rectangle caps 201 for being parallel to y-axis by feed probes 901, into row energization, the pole of antenna at this time
Change mode is vertical polarization.Compared with conventional dual polarization antenna, two microstrip baluns of use are improving antenna impedance bandwidth
The isolation and cross polarization rejection characteristic of antenna are also largely improved simultaneously.
Here, to solve, traditional dual-frequency and dual-polarization microstrip antenna narrow bandwidth, isolation is low, cross polarization is big, bulky
Defect, the utility model proposes the antennas that antenna and power splitter integrate Highgrade integration.Antenna is integrated with power splitter
The volume for greatly reducing radio circuit together has saved cost of manufacture, while enabling the antenna to play better performance.
Power splitter as microstrip balun it is a kind of in addition to may be implemented non-equilibrium signal to balanced signal conversion other than, can also play
The effect of impedance transformation, therefore the introducing of power splitter solves the narrow defect of existing microstrip antenna impedance bandwidth, compared to tradition
Wilkinson power splitters are only to export the same phase of constant amplitude or not constant amplitude in-phase signal in output port, we are in tradition
180 ° of phase shifters are cascaded on the basis of wilkinson power splitters to be used to that in output port constant amplitude inversion signal i.e. our institutes can be exported
The differential signal needed so that the utility model antenna possesses the bandwidth of bigger compared with traditional antenna, higher isolation and
Smaller cross polarization.
Upper microwave-medium substrate 601 is mounted on middle microwave-medium substrate 602, and middle microwave-medium substrate 602 is mounted on down
On microwave-medium substrate 603, it is installed as stepped construction between three, is fixed by traditional plastics screw.Realize
The stacked patch structure of one square patch 101 and the second square patch 102 composition realizes that stepped construction rises dual-band characteristic simultaneously
The effect for increasing impedance bandwidth is arrived.
The utility model utilizes the low section characteristic of planar microstrip balun, using three dielectric-slabs (upper microwave-medium substrate
601, middle microwave-medium substrate 602 and lower microwave-medium substrate 603) stepped construction that is superimposed avoids drawing for air layer
Enter, electric current is encouraged by bottom microstrip balun passes through the dielectric-slab of lamination to be directly connected to by coaxial probe (feed probes 901)
Lower patch (the first square patch 101 and the second square patch 102), greatly reduces the height of antenna, further reduces day
The volume of line meets the miniaturization of current radio frequency circuit, high integration requirement.The stepped construction phase of the utility model antenna simultaneously
Also have the characteristics that increase impedance bandwidth than traditional single layer microstrip antenna.
The quantity of feed probes 901 is four, and feed probes 901 are cylinder.Conventional dual polarization antenna utilizes change mostly
Shape as L-shaped, H-shaped coaxial probe as exciting unit realize dual polarization characteristic, but these deformation coaxial lines pass through introducing
The air layer of air layer active antenna in a manner of electromagnetic coupling, introducing occupies much room so that antenna height increases, limit
The use scope of antenna is made.
It is inlayed on first square patch 101 there are four rectangle cap 201, four feed probes 901 are located at four rectangles
In cap 201, it is functionally equivalent to and introduces capacitance and reduce induction reactance that feed probes 901 are brought and then increase impedance bandwidth.
Preferably, 2 feed probes being connected with 701 two output ports of the first microstrip balun in four rectangle caps 201
901 are located on the cross central line of the first square patch 101, in four rectangle caps 201 with the output of the second microstrip balun 702 two
2 connected feed probes 901 of port are located on the longitudinal centre line of the first square patch 101.Here, times of a patch
What position can be connect with feed probes, why be selected at patch (the first square patch 101, the second square patch 102)
Two central axis on connect feed probes, first, because can reach better in the specific positions of the two central axis
Matching, at design initial stage, position can only ceaselessly be optimized to determine under which position when uncertain by simulation software
Patch impedance matches with probe impedance and then antenna is made to reach better performance, and it is also this original to be not selected to be in patch diagonal positions
Cause is selected in cornerwise position patch impedance and is mismatched with probe impedance, and patch, which cannot generate resonance, would not generate resonance frequency
External radiated electromagnetic wave is also just not present in rate, and antenna can not work；Another reason be on the basis of can reach impedance matching,
It is located on transverse axis and longitudinal axis, when encouraging lateral rectangle cap, electric current is flowed along patch horizontal direction, is formed horizontal
To radiation i.e. a kind of polarization mode, when encouraging longitudinal rectangle cap, electric current forms longitudinal radiation along patch longitudinal flow,
It is a kind of polarization mode again.
Four feed probes 901 both pass through microwave-medium substrate 601, middle microwave-medium substrate 602 and lower microwave-medium
The upper end of substrate 603 and 4 feed probes 901 is connected with four rectangle caps 201 respectively, in order to ensure feed probes 901 with it is upper
Microwave-medium substrate 601, middle microwave-medium substrate 602 and lower microwave-medium substrate 603 do not contact, can be in the second square patch
102 and metal ground plate 103 on be located at the underface of rectangle cap 201 and be etched with circular hole 401, feed probes 901 are from circular hole
It is passed through in 401.The lower end of wherein 2 feed probes 901 is connected with 701 two output ports of the first microstrip balun respectively, and another 2
The lower end of a feed probes 901 is connected with 702 two output ports of the second microstrip balun respectively.Rectangle cap 201 directly with feed
Probe 901 is connected, and electric current is directly sent into rectangle cap 201, the side that rectangle cap 201 passes through electromagnetic coupling by feed probes 901
Formula encourages the first square patch 101 (the first resonant element component).Second square patch 102 (the second resonant element component) swashs
The mode of encouraging is to carry out coupling excitation by the electromagnetic coupling of feed probes 901, and electric current passes through probe by the excitation of bottom microstrip balun
It is directly connected to patch up and down across the dielectric-slab of lamination.
It is inlayed on the four edges of first square patch 101 there are two rectangular channel 301, the introducing of rectangular channel has been extended electric current
Path generates new resonance at low frequency and plays the role of increasing impedance bandwidth.Preferably, the equal court of the long side of rectangular channel 301
To the first square patch 101 center line and rectangular channel 301 long side and the side of the first square patch 101 it is perpendicular.Usual feelings
Under condition, slot is also that can be opened in any position of patch, but one to slot is on condition that patch and probe cannot be influenced
Impedance matching, if being opened in the position of slot from that may influence antenna script near patch and probe link position
Match, it is also possible to extension current path be not achieved and then generate the effect of new resonance.According to we have determined that probe and patch
The position that piece the is connected i.e. feed placement of patch, it is understood that electric current, on patch there are two types of the types of flow, one kind is by feeding
Position is longitudinal direction or lateral flow to the flowing of the patch length of side, and another kind is flowed from the patch length of side to feed placement, this is based on
The current path of sample, the method for best extension electric current are exactly to increase electric current road on the basis of not blocking primary current flow path
Diameter, the length of side to internal recessing be most high efficiency method.At the patch length of side slot, each slot correspond to other slots can reach laterally and
Longitudinal is symmetrical, neither influences the dual polarization characteristic of antenna, also can radiosymmetric directional diagram.
Systematicness is equipped with metallization VIA 501, week on the four edges of microwave-medium substrate 601 and microwave-medium substrate 602
The via of phase property arrangement approaches continuous metallic walls and then can be equivalent to be loaded with reflecting plate in antenna surrounding very much, to increase
The radiation gain of antenna.Size, quantity and the queueing discipline of metallization VIA 501 meet energy leakage and medium substrate knot simultaneously
The use of the firmness requirements of structure, 501 structure of metallization VIA largely improves the radiation gain of antenna.
Here, for the dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna fed based on microstrip balun, also provides and be directed to its design
Method includes the following steps：
The first step, the design of 102 size of the first square patch 101 and the second square patch.
(1) length of the first square patch 101 is set as L1, width W1, the length of the second square patch 102 is L2, width
For W2。
(2) the centre frequency f of the first square patch 101 to be designed is obtained1In the second square patch 102 to be designed
Frequency of heart f2, its corresponding size is designed according to its centre frequency.
(3) 102 size of the first square patch 101 and the second square patch is calculated separately out according to centre frequency, calculated
Formula is as follows：
Wherein：L is 102 length (L of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch1Or L2), W is the first square patch
101 or 102 width (W of the second square patch1Or W2), λeFor in 102 medium of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch
Guide wavelength, c are the light velocity in free space, and f is the centre frequency (f of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch 1021
Or f2), h is the dielectric material thickness of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch 102, εrFor the first square patch 101 or
The dielectric material effective dielectric constant of second square patch 102, εeFor effective dielectric constant, Δ L is that equivalent radiated power gap is long
Degree.
Second step calculates the size of microwave-medium substrate 601 and microwave-medium substrate 602.
(1) length of microwave-medium substrate 601 is set as LG1, width WG1, the length of microwave-medium substrate 602 is LG2、
Width is WG2。
(2) it is calculated according to the centre frequency f of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch 102, calculation formula is such as
Under：
LG=L+0.2 λe,
WG=W+0.2 λe,
Wherein, c is the light velocity in free space, and f is the center frequency of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch 102
Rate, εeFor microwave-medium substrate 601 or the dielectric material effective dielectric constant of microwave-medium substrate 602, λeFor microwave-medium substrate
601 or microwave-medium substrate 602 medium in guide wavelength, L is the length of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch 102
Degree, W are the width of the first square patch 101 or the second square patch 102.
Third walks, the spacing and diameter design of metallization VIA 501.
(1) spacing of adjacent metal via 501 is set as dp, a diameter of dr of metallization VIA 501.
(2) the design expression formula of metallization VIA 501 is established, expression formula is as follows：
2dr > dp > dr,
0.25 > dp/ λc> 0.05,
Wherein λcFor cutoff frequency.
Adjacent vias distance dp is more than via diameter dr to ensure the realizability of punching, i.e. two adjacent metal mistakes
The circle center distance in hole 501 is more than diameter.Dp is less than 2dr and dp/ λcIt is to ensure to go out in via clearance leakage less than 0.25
Energy can be ignored；dp/λcIt is to ensure to process the fastness of metacoxal plate waveguiding structure more than 0.05.
(3) size that expression formula generates dp and dr is designed according to metallization VIA 501.
4th step, the design of the first microstrip balun (701) and the second microstrip balun (702) minor matters length.
(1) operating center frequency of microstrip balun is obtained；
(2) wavelength is determined according to the operating center frequency of microstrip balun,
Set the first microstrip balun (701) or the second microstrip balun (702) power splitter middle impedance converter minor matters length as
Short-circuit minor matters length is 1/8th wavelength in quarter-wave, broad-band phase shifter, breaking minor matters length is 1/8th waves
Long, main micro-strip line length is half wavelength, reference line minor matters length is a wavelength.
Here, the length scale of each minor matters is determined according to the function to be realized of broad-band phase shifter, this broadband is moved
Phase device namely 180 ° of phase shifters are because will realize that the phase of two output ports differs 180 degree, and short-circuit minor matters are with open circuit
Minor matters length is all 1/8th wavelength, if changing phase shifter in 90 °, short-circuit minor matters with breaking minor matters length be not just eight/
One wavelength.
(3) impedance of the first microstrip balun 701 or 702 each micro-band branch of the second microstrip balun, two microstrip baluns are calculated
The length of different minor matters, width by corresponding to different minor matters impedance magnitude and antenna resonant frequency calculate, calculate public
Formula is as follows：
R=2Zb,
Z2=1.27Zb,
Z3=1.61Zb,
Z4=Zb,
Wherein, Za、ZbRespectively represent input, output-resistor, Z1Represent the first microstrip balun 701 or the second microstrip balun 702
The characteristic impedance of quarter-wave microstrip line, Z in power splitter2It represents in the first microstrip balun 701 or the second microstrip balun 702
Phase shifter short circuit, the characteristic impedance of 1/8th wave microstrip line of breaking minor matters, Z3It is micro- to represent the first microstrip balun 701 or the second
Characteristic impedance with the main microstrip line of half wavelength in phase shifter in balun 702, Z4Represent the first microstrip balun 701 or the second
In microstrip balun 702 in phase shifter single wave microstrip reference line characteristic impedance, R representative be welded on the first microstrip balun 701
Or the resistance value of the second Chip-R 801 on microstrip balun 702.
The design of 702 minor matters width of (4) first microstrip baluns 701 and the second microstrip balun, according to the work of microstrip balun
The impedance value of centre frequency and each micro-band branch automatically generates the width of each micro-band branch using simulation software.
When making, Chip-R 801 is respectively welded on the first microstrip balun 701 and the second microstrip balun 702,
Again by the upper microwave-medium substrate 601 for being printed with the first square patch 101, be printed with the second square patch 102 middle microwave be situated between
Matter substrate 602, the lower microwave-medium base for being printed with metal ground plate 103, the first microstrip balun 701, the second microstrip balun 702
Three layers of microwave-medium substrate together, and are fixed together plate 603 by ordered stacks by plastics screw successively, microwave in guarantee
Medium substrate 601, middle 602 periodic arrangement of microwave-medium substrate metallization VIA in correspondence with each other, constitute with double frequency-band
The laminated patch antenna of dual polarization characteristic.
As shown in fig. 7, it provides the phase difference of the microstrip balun output port designed according to the utility model.According to
The effect of 180 ° of broad-band phase shifters, two-way constant amplitude enter phase shifter with the signal of phase, with wherein all the way signal by eight/
After one wavelength short circuit minor matters and 1/8th wavelength open minor matters, delayed phase makes two-port output signal constant amplitude reverse phase.Root
Shown in Fig. 7, the phase difference Phase Balance of microstrip balun output port in its resonant frequency of the utility model design
Stablize at 180 ° ± 5 °, meets our design requirement.
As shown in figure 8, it provides the S parameter of the microstrip balun emulation designed according to the utility model.Found out by Fig. 8 micro-
For band balun in 2.5-5.5GHz frequency bands, return loss S11 is less than -10dB, meets the working band of antenna, and in working frequency range
For insertion loss S21, S31 of microstrip balun within 5dB, overall performance meets our requirement.
As shown in figure 9, it provides antenna S parameter emulation according to the present utility model and test and comparison figure, it is micro- by first
Band 701 external SMA coaxial fittings of balun as Port1,702 external SMA coaxial fittings of the second microstrip balun as Port2, when
When first microstrip balun 701 works, the second microstrip balun 702 connects matched load.(when the first microstrip balun 701 works, antenna
The return loss of input port Port1 is S11, when the second microstrip balun 702 works, the echo of antenna input port Port2
Loss is S22.To make antenna that can realize dual-polarized performance in two frequency ranges, we take Port1 and Port2 to work respectively
When its frequency range for collectively covering) as shown in Figure 9, test result is coincide substantially with simulation result, Antenna Operation two resonance frequently
Band meets our dual-band characteristic.When the work 701 of first microstrip balun and the second microstrip balun 702 work respectively, antenna
Resonance frequency band overall variation is little, and combine antenna meets the requirement of dual-band and dual-polarization working performance, and to obtain this Antenna Operation low
Again and again band is 2.75-4.01GHz, and return loss S11 and S22 are respectively less than -10dB, relative bandwidth 37.3%, and high frequency band is
4.4-5.21GHz, return loss S11 and S22 are respectively less than -10dB, and the bandwidth of relative bandwidth 16.9%, two frequency bands is long-range
In the bandwidth of traditional dual-band dual-polarized antenna, excellent broadband character is shown, and be loaded with two microstrip balun conducts
When feeding network, two input port isolation S21 reaches 35dB in the entire resonant bandwidth of antenna, especially entire
38dB is reached in high frequency band, has solved the problems, such as that traditional dual-band dual-polarized antenna isolation is relatively low.
As shown in Figure 10, antenna gain emulation according to the present utility model and test and comparison figure are provided.It can by Figure 10
To know, test gain trend is substantially coincide with simulated gain trend, and the gain in low-frequency band is integrally higher than high frequency band gain, when
When first microstrip balun 701 works average gain of the Antenna Operation in horizontal polarization pattern its low frequency, high frequency be respectively 6.6,
4.9dBi peak gains are respectively 8.3,6dBi.When the second microstrip balun 702 works Antenna Operation vertical polarization pattern its
Average gain in low frequency, high frequency is respectively that 6.3,4.2dBi peak gains are respectively 8.1,5.8dBi.
As shown in Figure 11 a and Figure 11 b, it is shown that emulated when being encouraged according to the first microstrip balun of the utility model antenna 701
The antenna pattern of emulation and test when being encouraged with the antenna pattern of test and the second microstrip balun 702.By Figure 11 a and figure
11b can learn, emulation and the measurement direction figure of antenna coincide substantially, entire resonant bandwidth internal antenna directional diagram symmetrically with
And cross polarization x-pol is respectively less than -20dB, has antenna pattern symmetrical compared with traditional antenna, the small advantage of cross polarization.
Comparison diagram 11a and Figure 11 b, which obtain antenna, efficient can be operated in horizontal polarization and vertical polarization both of which.
Dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna design method provided by the utility model based on microstrip balun feed, can set
Count broadband, high-isolation, low-cross polarization, low section high-performance dual-frequency and dual-polarization microstrip antenna.Compared with traditional design method,
The mode for being superimposed dielectric-slab again on dielectric-slab constitutes stacked patch structure, is presented using the microstrip balun network of low section
Electricity, patch fluting and introducing capacitance offset inductance to increase impedance bandwidth, and 180 ° of phase shifters realizations are added in microstrip balun
Isolation is improved, cross polarization is reduced.
Basic principles, main features, and advantages of the present invention has been shown and described above.One's own profession
The technical staff of industry is it should be appreciated that the present utility model is not limited to the above embodiments, described in above embodiments and description
Only the principles of the present invention, on the premise of not departing from the spirit and scope of the utility model the utility model also have respectively
Kind changes and improvements, these changes and improvements are both fallen in claimed the scope of the utility model.The requires of the utility model
Protection domain defined by appended claims and its equivalent.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna based on microstrip balun feed, including aerial radiation component and antenna feed
Component, aerial radiation component include the first resonant element component and the second resonant element component, it is characterised in that：
The first resonant element component includes upper microwave-medium substrate (601), the upper surface of upper microwave-medium substrate (601)
It is etched with the first square patch (101), the second resonant element component includes middle microwave-medium substrate (602), middle microwave-medium base
The upper surface of plate (602) is etched with the second square patch (102), and antenna feed assembly includes lower microwave-medium substrate (603), gold
Belong to the upper surface that earth plate (103) is printed on lower microwave-medium substrate (603), the first microstrip balun (701) and the second micro-strip bar
Human relations (702) are printed on the lower surface of microwave-medium substrate (603), on the first microstrip balun (701) and the second microstrip balun (702)
It is welded with Chip-R (801), the first microstrip balun (701) is identical as the structure of the second microstrip balun (702), the first micro-strip
Balun (701) is divided into two output ports in the rear end of Chip-R (801) by power splitter；
Upper microwave-medium substrate (601) is mounted on middle microwave-medium substrate (602), and middle microwave-medium substrate (602) is mounted on
On lower microwave-medium substrate (603), the quantity of feed probes (901) is four；
It is inlayed on first square patch (101) there are four rectangle cap (201), four feed probes (901) are located at four squares
In shape cap (201), four feed probes (901) both pass through microwave-medium substrate (601), middle microwave-medium substrate (602) and
The upper end of lower microwave-medium substrate (603) and 4 feed probes (901) is connected with four rectangle caps (201) respectively, wherein 2
The lower end of feed probes (901) is connected with (701) two output ports of the first microstrip balun respectively, another 2 feed probes (901)
Lower end be connected respectively with (702) two output ports of the second microstrip balun.
2. the dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna according to claim 1 based on microstrip balun feed, it is characterised in that：
Inlayed on the four edges of first square patch (101) there are two rectangular channel (301), the second square patch (102) and
It is etched with circular hole (401) at the underface of rectangle cap (201) on metal ground plate (103), feed probes (901) pass through
Circular hole (401).
3. the dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna according to claim 1 based on microstrip balun feed, it is characterised in that：
The feed probes (901) are cylinder.
4. the dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna according to claim 1 based on microstrip balun feed, it is characterised in that：
Systematicness is equipped with metallization VIA on the four edges of the microwave-medium substrate (601) and microwave-medium substrate (602)
(501)。
5. the dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna according to claim 1 based on microstrip balun feed, it is characterised in that：
On first microstrip balun (701) the part of power splitter rear end be broad-band phase shifter.
6. the dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna according to claim 1 based on microstrip balun feed, it is characterised in that：
2 feed probes (901) being connected with (701) two output ports of the first microstrip balun in four rectangle caps (201)
On the cross central line of the first square patch (101), in four rectangle caps (201) with the second microstrip balun (702) two
2 connected feed probes (901) of output port are located on the longitudinal centre line of the first square patch (101).
7. the dual-band and dual-polarization laminated patch antenna according to claim 2 based on microstrip balun feed, it is characterised in that：
The long side of the rectangular channel (301) is towards the center line of the first square patch (101) and the long side of rectangular channel (301) and the
The side of one square patch (101) is perpendicular.
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