CN207908982U - A kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model provides a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator, including pedestal, base upper surface center is fixed with horizontal motor, wind detection unit is further fixed on pedestal, for detecting the current wind speed of environment, horizontal motor is engaged with main shaft, main shaft is by horizontal motor relative to base rotation, rotating bracket is installed with above main shaft, pitching motor is fixedly mounted on rotating bracket side, photovoltaic cell is installed, photovoltaic cell is rotated by pitching motor relative to rotating bracket, and base front surface is additionally provided with RS485 interfaces at the top of rotating bracket；Photovoltaic cell upper surface is equipped with photosensitive unit.The utility model tracks azimuth and the elevation angle of the sun by two groups of horizontal and vertical photo resistance respectively, adjustment horizontal motor and pitching motor make photovoltaic cell always towards the strongest direction of sunray, daytime is system power supply and to charge the battery by photovoltaic cell simultaneously, and cloudy powered at night and by battery discharging and drive LED load.

Description

A kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator

Technical field

The utility model is related to solar energy generation technology field, more particularly to a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generation Device.

Background technology

The energy is the motive power promoted economic development with social progress, main used in the mankind since the industrial revolution The energy is fossil energy.However its reserves is limited, it is prodigious that a large amount of use can cause global environment ecology and weather to generate Variation.And solar energy is a kind of inexhaustible and free of contamination clean energy resource, the use with the mankind to the energy It is shifted from conventional energy resource to regenerative resource, solar energy then becomes the alternative energy source of ideals of human being.And solar power generation at this stage Device is fixed once the position for installing its photovoltaic cell, since sun irradiation angle is changing always, leads to the current sun Energy generating efficiency is not generally high, and photovoltaic cell is the core of entire solar power system, so how to improve photovoltaic electric The transfer efficiency in pond is to be worth research.

Utility model content

(1) the technical issues of solving

To solve the above-mentioned problems, the utility model provides a kind of small-sized solar power-generating control system, uses the sun Tracer technique so that photovoltaic cell controls photovoltaic cell always towards the strongest direction of sunray according to environmental light intensity It charges to accumulator, effectively raises the transfer efficiency of photovoltaic cell.

(2) technical solution

A kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator, including pedestal, the base upper surface center are fixed with water Flat telegram machine is further fixed on wind detection unit on the pedestal, and for detecting the current wind speed of environment, the horizontal motor is nibbled with main shaft It closing, relative to the base rotation, rotating bracket is installed with above the main shaft by the horizontal motor for the main shaft, The pitching motor is fixedly mounted on the rotating bracket side, and photovoltaic cell, the light are equipped at the top of the rotating bracket Volt battery is rotated by the pitching motor relative to the rotating bracket, and the base front surface is additionally provided with RS485 interfaces；It is described Photovoltaic cell upper surface is equipped with photosensitive unit, and the photosensitive unit includes the first~the 4th light sensor and the first~the 4th electricity Resistance, the described first~the 4th light sensor are evenly distributed on the position of east, south, west, north four of the photovoltaic cell upper surface, Described first and third light sensor constitute horizontal photographic department, the deflection angle i.e. azimuth that the detection sun is westerly moved by east, Described second and the 4th light sensor constitute vertical photographic department, detect the apparent altitude i.e. elevation angle of the sun；The chassis interior Equipped with control circuit board, the control circuit board respectively with the horizontal motor, the wind detection unit, the pitching motor, institute Photovoltaic cell, the RS485 interfaces and the photosensitive unit is stated to be electrically connected；

The control circuit board include control unit, driving unit, DC-DC converter units, charge-discharge control unit, RS485 communication units and accumulator；The photosensitive unit output level changing value, the A/D mouths for being sent into described control unit carry out Analog-to-digital conversion, described control unit export pwm pulse signal, are connected with the input terminal of the driving unit；The driving is single Member includes the first and second photoelectrical couplers, motor driver, horizontal motor and pitching motor, wherein first and second light Electric coupler selects TLP521-4, the motor driver to select eight road NPN Darlington transistor driver ULN2803, the level Motor is 57BYG007, and the pitching motor is GSP-24RW-046, and the driving unit receives the driving of described control unit Signal controls the horizontal motor and the pitching motor positive and negative rotation respectively, to realize the photovoltaic cell positive and negative rotation；It is described DC-DC converter units include first~third diode, the first inductance, the first and second capacitances, the 5th and the 6th resistance, wherein Second capacitance is electrolytic capacitor, and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter units connects the photovoltaic cell, by the photovoltaic electric The output voltage in pond is transformed to the charging voltage of the accumulator；The charge-discharge control unit includes voltage-stablizer, third and Four photoelectrical couplers, the first and second relays, the 4th and the 5th diode, the second inductance, the capacitance of third~the 5th and the 7th ~the nine resistance, wherein it is TLP521- that the voltage-stablizer, which selects three terminal regulator 7805, third and fourth photoelectrical coupler, 2, third and fourth capacitance is electrolytic capacitor, and the charge-discharge control circuit receives the control signal of described control unit, By the switching of first and second relay, the accumulator cell charging and discharging is controlled；The RS485 communication units and institute The electrical connection of RS485 interfaces is stated, described control unit carries out data exchange by the RS485 communication units and host computer, to dress Operating parameter is set to modify and set.

Further, the described first~the 4th light sensor selects GM5516 type photo resistance.

Further, the wind detection unit selects air velocity transducer FC-2A3.

Further, described control unit selects microcontroller MSP430F148.

Further, photovoltaic cell specification the selection work 10~14V of voltage, operating current 1A.

Further, the accumulator specification selects 12V-7AH.

Further, the RS485 communication units select RS485 drivers MAX487.

(3) advantageous effect

The utility model provides a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator, passes through horizontal and vertical two groups Azimuth and the elevation angle of the sun are tracked in photo resistance respectively, adjust horizontal motor and pitching motor make photovoltaic cell always towards The strongest direction of sunray, while daytime is system power supply and to charge the battery by photovoltaic cell, and at night and it is cloudy by Battery discharging powers and drives LED load, effectively increases the transfer efficiency of photovoltaic cell, and current environment wind speed compared with Controlled level motor makes photovoltaic cell keep horizontal position in the case of strong, improves the safety of photovoltaic cell, extends light The service life of battery is lied prostrate, simple in structure, compact is easy for installation, and cheap, system power dissipation is low, and tracking precision is high, Stability and good reliability, scalability is strong, using flexible, is suitable for the sun such as photovoltaic Traffic alarm light, small-sized photovoltaic power station In energy electricity generation system.

Description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is a kind of structural schematic diagram of the small-sized solar power generator of highly effective and safe involved by the utility model.

Fig. 2 is a kind of functional block diagram of the small-sized solar power generator of highly effective and safe involved by the utility model.

Fig. 3 is a kind of photosensitive unit circuit of the small-sized solar power generator of highly effective and safe involved by the utility model Schematic diagram.

Fig. 4 is a kind of driving unit circuit of the small-sized solar power generator of highly effective and safe involved by the utility model Schematic diagram.

Fig. 5 is that a kind of DC-DC transformation of the small-sized solar power generator of highly effective and safe involved by the utility model is single First circuit diagram.

Fig. 6 is a kind of charge and discharge control list of the small-sized solar power generator of highly effective and safe involved by the utility model First circuit diagram.

Specific implementation mode

The embodiment involved by the utility model is described in further details below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

A kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator combined with Figure 1 and Figure 2, including pedestal 1,1 upper surface of pedestal is just In be fixed with horizontal motor 2, wind detection unit 7 is further fixed on pedestal 1, for detecting the current wind speed of environment, horizontal motor 2 with it is main Axis 3 engages, and main shaft 3 is rotated by horizontal motor 2 relative to pedestal 1, and main shaft 3 is installed with rotating bracket 4, pitching electricity above Machine 5 is fixedly mounted on 4 side of rotating bracket, and 4 top of rotating bracket is equipped with photovoltaic cell 6, and photovoltaic cell 6 passes through pitching motor 5 rotate relative to rotating bracket 4, and 1 front of pedestal is additionally provided with RS485 interfaces 8；1 upper surface of photovoltaic cell is equipped with photosensitive unit, sense Light unit includes light sensor Re, light sensor Rs, light sensor Rw, light sensor Rn and resistance R1~R4, light Line sensor Re, Rs, Rw and Rn are evenly distributed on the position of east, south, west, north four of 6 upper surface of photovoltaic cell, light sensor Re and Rw constitutes horizontal photographic department, the deflection angle i.e. azimuth that the detection sun is westerly moved by east, light sensor Rs and Rn structure At vertical photographic department, the apparent altitude i.e. elevation angle of the sun is detected；Pedestal 1 is internally provided with control circuit board, control circuit board difference It is electrically connected with horizontal motor 2, wind detection unit 7, pitching motor 5, photovoltaic cell 6, RS485 interfaces 8 and photosensitive unit；Control electricity Road plate includes control unit, driving unit, DC-DC converter units, charge-discharge control unit, RS485 communication units and accumulator.

As shown in figure 3, photosensitive unit includes light sensor Re, light sensor Rs, light sensor Rw, light level Device Rn and resistance R1~R4, light sensor Re, Rs, Rw and Rn select GM5516 type photo resistance.The photosensitive electricity of GM5516 types The light resistance of resistance：5~10K Ω, dark resistance：200K Ω or more.Photo resistance Re and Rw constitute horizontal photographic department, resistance R1 and R2 Resistance value is identical, and when sunray is in azimuth direct projection, the resistance value of photo resistance Re and Rw is identical, photo resistance Rw and resistance Level between R1 is equal with the level between photo resistance Re and resistance R2, if sunlight is not at azimuth direct projection, at two Level will appear principal-employment or minus tolerance variation, the A/D mouths that the changing value of the level is sent into control unit are handled.Similarly, light Quick resistance Rs and Rn constitutes vertical photographic department, will reflect sunray whether send by the level change value in elevation angle direct projection position Enter the A/D mouths of control unit.

Wind detection unit 7 detects the current wind speed of environment, and outputs level signals are sent into the A/D mouths of control unit.When wind speed is more than When certain value, if photovoltaic cell is in non-horizontal position, photovoltaic cell is likely to result in because wind-force is excessive and impaired, it is therefore desirable to Detection current environment wind speed in real time.Wind detection unit selects air velocity transducer FC-2A3, exports 0~5V voltages, measures wind speed range 0 The voltage magnitude of~30m/s, output are corresponding with air speed value.

Photosensitive unit output level changing value, the A/D mouths for being sent into control unit carry out analog-to-digital conversion, control unit output Pwm pulse signal is connected with the input terminal of driving unit.Control unit selects microcontroller MSP430F148, operating voltage It is the singlechip chip of a band 10 A/D conversions for 3.3V, there is superpower jamproof characteristic, and there is ultralow work( Consumption, electric current is only 4~7mA when normal work, electric current ＜ 1mA when idle.Its work period is only a clock cycle, can be with The frequency for substantially reducing the external crystal-controlled oscillation used, to reduce electromagnetic interference.MSP430F148 few, small, valences with pin The features such as lattice are low, easy to use can reduce development cost, shorten the development cycle.

As shown in figure 4, driving unit includes photoelectrical coupler U1 and U2, motor driver U3, horizontal motor M1 and pitching Motor M2, wherein photoelectrical coupler U1 and U2 select TLP521-4, motor driver U3 to select eight road NPN Darlington transistor drivers ULN2803, horizontal motor M1 are 57BYG007, and pitching motor M2 is GSP-24RW-046.Horizontal motor 57BYG007 and pitching Motor GSP-24RW-046 is all four phase eight beat type stepper motor, when MSP430F148 output control signal PWM1, PWM2, PWM3 and PWM4 takes high level, 1C feet~4C feet of motor driver ULN2803 to be followed successively by high level successively, thus gives level Motor 57BYG007 rotates forward the pulse signal of a step；Conversely, PWM4, PWM3, PWM2 and PWM1 take high level, horizontal motor successively 57BYG007 inverts a step.PWM5~PWM8 is the control signal of pitching motor GSP-24RW-046, driving principle and level electricity Machine 57BYG007 is identical.Driving unit receives the drive signal of MSP430F148, respectively controlled level motor M1 and pitching motor M2 positive and negative rotations, to realize 6 positive and negative rotation of photovoltaic cell.

Due to photovoltaic cell 6 10~14V of normal working voltage, operating current 1A or so used by system, and used Accumulator be 12V-7AH, the voltage that the accumulator of 12V generally requires 13~15V charges for it, if therefore photovoltaic cell 6 Without DC-DC conversion process, can not ensure to charge for accumulator voltage stabilizing.As shown in figure 5, DC-DC converter units include two poles Pipe D1~D3, inductance L1, capacitance C1 and C2, resistance R5 and R6, wherein capacitance C2 are electrolytic capacitor.Battery E1 is photovoltaic cell 6, Photovoltaic cell E1 voltages are increased to 14V by Boost circuit, are charged for accumulator voltage stabilizing.

As shown in fig. 6, charge-discharge control unit include voltage-stablizer U4, photoelectrical coupler U5A and U5B, relay S1 and S2, Diode D4 and D5, inductance L2, capacitance C3~C5 and resistance R7~R9, wherein voltage-stablizer U4 select three terminal regulator 7805, light Electric coupler U5A and U5B are TLP521-2, and capacitance C3 and C4 are electrolytic capacitor, and battery E2 is accumulator.Daytime, photovoltaic cell 6 It needs to charge for accumulator E2, so that accumulator E2 can power to LED load in night, and horizontal motor 2 and pitching motor 5 Operating voltage be also required to by photovoltaic cell 6 provide (if the underpower of photovoltaic cell 6 to drive motor, illustrates that sunshine is very poor, Without rotary electric machine), while control circuit board also must continuously power.Charge-discharge control circuit needs to use two relay S1 And S2, relay S1 control accumulators E2 are charged and discharged, relay S2 controls provide control by photovoltaic cell 6 or accumulator E2 The supply voltage of circuit board processed.Daytime, relay S1 and S2 are all normally open (getting to upper end), and photovoltaic cell 6 passes through voltage stabilizing Device 7805 is depressured to 5V, is horizontal motor 2, pitching motor 5 and control circuit board power supply, and be accumulator E2 chargings, accumulator The reversed phase hold-off diode D5 of E2 anodes ensures that charging process is not discharged simultaneously.Night or sunshine are very poor, MSP430F148 controls Relay S1 and S2, which is attracted, arrives lower end, and horizontal motor 2 and pitching motor 5 are stopped, and circuit board supplies accumulator E2 in order to control Electricity, and LED load is driven to work.

RS485 communication units are electrically connected with RS485 interfaces 8, MSP430F148 by RS485 communication units and host computer into Row data exchange is modified and is set to device operating parameter, such as wind speed threshold value, sample reference level, motor step angle Deng.The maximum communication distances of RS485 are about 1219m, peak transfer rate 10Mbps, and the line between host computer only needs letter Single is connected and communication can be realized with a pair of of twisted-pair feeder by " A ", the end " B ", very convenient, fully meets off-line measurement system The requirement transmitted at a distance.RS485 communication units select RS485 driver MAX487, and the RE of MAX487 and DE two is enabled Termination together, makes the state that MAX487 is in a certain determination that can work, also saves the I/O mouths of MSP430F148.

The utility model provides a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator, passes through horizontal and vertical two groups Azimuth and the elevation angle of the sun are tracked in photo resistance respectively, adjust horizontal motor and pitching motor make photovoltaic cell always towards The strongest direction of sunray, while daytime is system power supply and to charge the battery by photovoltaic cell, and at night and it is cloudy by Battery discharging powers and drives LED load, effectively increases the transfer efficiency of photovoltaic cell, and current environment wind speed compared with Controlled level motor makes photovoltaic cell keep horizontal position in the case of strong, improves the safety of photovoltaic cell, extends light The service life of battery is lied prostrate, simple in structure, compact is easy for installation, and cheap, system power dissipation is low, and tracking precision is high, Stability and good reliability, scalability is strong, using flexible, is suitable for the sun such as photovoltaic Traffic alarm light, small-sized photovoltaic power station In energy electricity generation system.

Embodiment described above is only that preferred embodiments of the present invention are described, not to this practicality Novel conception and scope is defined.Without departing from the design concept of the present utility model, ordinary people in the field couple The all variations and modifications that the technical solution of the utility model is made, should fall within the protection scope of the present utility model, this reality With novel claimed technology contents, all record in detail in the claims.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator, it is characterised in that：Including pedestal, the base upper surface center Be fixed with horizontal motor, wind detection unit be further fixed on the pedestal, for detecting the current wind speed of environment, the horizontal motor with Main shaft engages, and the main shaft relative to the base rotation, is installed with above the main shaft and is turned by the horizontal motor Dynamic holder, pitching motor is fixedly mounted on the rotating bracket side, photovoltaic cell is equipped at the top of the rotating bracket, described Photovoltaic cell is rotated by the pitching motor relative to the rotating bracket, and the base front surface is additionally provided with RS485 interfaces；Institute It states photovoltaic cell upper surface and is equipped with photosensitive unit, the photosensitive unit includes the first~the 4th light sensor and the first~the 4th Resistance, the described first~the 4th light sensor are evenly distributed on the position of east, south, west, north four of the photovoltaic cell upper surface Set, described first and third light sensor constitute horizontal photographic department, the deflection angle i.e. orientation that the detection sun is westerly moved by east Angle, described second and the 4th light sensor constitute vertical photographic department, detect the apparent altitude i.e. elevation angle of the sun；In the pedestal Portion be equipped with control circuit board, the control circuit board respectively with the horizontal motor, the wind detection unit, the pitching motor, The photovoltaic cell, the RS485 interfaces and the photosensitive unit are electrically connected；

The control circuit board includes control unit, driving unit, DC-DC converter units, charge-discharge control unit, RS485 logical Believe unit and accumulator；The photosensitive unit output level changing value, the A/D mouths for being sent into described control unit carry out modulus turn It changes, described control unit exports pwm pulse signal, is connected with the input terminal of the driving unit；The driving unit includes First and second photoelectrical couplers, motor driver, horizontal motor and pitching motor, wherein first and second photoelectric coupling Device selection TLP521-4, eight road NPN Darlington transistor driver ULN2803 of the motor driver selection, the horizontal motor are 57BYG007, the pitching motor are GSP-24RW-046, and the driving unit receives the drive signal of described control unit, point The horizontal motor and the pitching motor positive and negative rotation are not controlled, to realize the photovoltaic cell positive and negative rotation；The DC-DC becomes It includes first~third diode, the first inductance, the first and second capacitances, the 5th and the 6th resistance to change unit, wherein described the Two capacitances are electrolytic capacitor, and the input terminal of the DC-DC converter units connects the photovoltaic cell, by the defeated of the photovoltaic cell Go out the charging voltage that voltage transformation is the accumulator；The charge-discharge control unit includes voltage-stablizer, the third and fourth photoelectricity Coupler, the first and second relays, the 4th and the 5th diode, the second inductance, the capacitance of third~the 5th and the 7th~the 9th Resistance, wherein the voltage-stablizer selects three terminal regulator 7805, third and fourth photoelectrical coupler is TLP521-2, described Third and fourth capacitance is electrolytic capacitor, and the charge-discharge control circuit receives the control signal of described control unit, passes through institute The switching for stating the first and second relays controls the accumulator cell charging and discharging；The RS485 communication units with it is described RS485 interfaces are electrically connected, and described control unit carries out data exchange by the RS485 communication units and host computer, to device Operating parameter is modified and is set.

2. a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described first ~the four light sensor selects GM5516 type photo resistance.

3. a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The survey wind Unit selects air velocity transducer FC-2A3.

4. a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The control Unit selects microcontroller MSP430F148.

5. a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The photovoltaic Battery specifications selection work 10~14V of voltage, operating current 1A.

6. a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The electric power storage Pond specification selects 12V-7AH.

7. a kind of safe and efficient small-sized solar power generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described RS485 communication units select RS485 drivers MAX487.