CN2078895U

CN2078895U - Twilight demonstrator

Info

Publication number: CN2078895U
Application number: CN 90223793
Authority: CN
Inventors: 陈咸珣
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1990-11-13
Filing date: 1990-11-13
Publication date: 1991-06-12

Abstract

The utility model relates to a visual demonstrating instrument for the sunrise and the sunset, in particular to a twilight demonstrator. The twilight demonstrator adopts a structural style that an annular integral supporting rack is arranged on a base, a celestial equator ring, a movable ring and a ring rack are arranged on the integral supporting rack, the ring rack is provided with a globe and an indicating mark, and an earth shaft is fixed on the integral supporting rack. A theoretical twilight line, an actual twilight line, a civil twilight line and an astronomical twilight line are marked on a twilight ring. The twilight demonstrator makes use of the change of the opposite position between each ring line to display various twilight moments of any one date of each place on the earth and simultaneously accomplish the conversion of the local time, the standard time and the universal time, having the advantages of simple structure, visual display and convenient use.

Description

Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth

The utility model relates to a kind of sun ocular demonstration instrument constantly that haunts, particularly a kind of Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth.

In the prior art, the data that the sun haunts is constantly provided by astronomical observatory, during as for local time and standard, the conversion of universal time, must lean on computation of table lookup, there is not a kind of amateurish astronomical sight that both can be used for, the instrument of ocular demonstration constantly that can haunt for the sun of daily life and teaching usefulness again simultaneously, thereby in sparetime observation and daily use, have inconvenience.

The purpose of this utility model is that a kind of Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth will be provided, it can be demonstrated the sun that respectively is subjected to the corresponding order phase of measuring point on the earth intuitively and haunt constantly, when finishing local time and standard simultaneously, the conversion of universal time, in addition can also be figuratively speaking bright the earth's axis tilt and point to constant principle, and with the relation of the four seasons and length variation round the clock.

The purpose of this utility model is achieved in that at base (1) and goes up installing annular integral support (6), along vertical line tilt 23 ° 27 ' the two ends of the earth's axis (8) be fixed on the integral support (6), be equiped with celestial equator circle (4) and active ring (5) on the plane, integral support (6) zero degree line place, be equiped with the circle frame of being made up of orthogonal meridian circle (2) and circle in morning and evening (9) (15) on the active ring (5), the terrestrial globe (1) of band indicateing arm (10) and ecliptic line (14) is installed in stage clip (11) and regulates in the circle frame (15) of location.

Integral support (6) is marked with the latitude scale mark, celestial equator circle (4) is marked with the scale mark of the expression sun apparent displacement on Sunday and the twenty-four solar terms, it is 4 minutes twenty-four theory scale mark that active ring (5) is marked with minimum calibration, circle in morning and evening (9) is marked with the theoretical terminator (16) that is parallel to each other, actual terminator (17), civilian terminator (18) and (19) four astragals of astronomical terminator, is carved with vertical warp (20) that parallels with terrestrial globe (1) warp and the horizontal parallel (21) that parallels with terrestrial globe (1) parallel on the indicateing arm (10).Active ring (5) is by the supporting of the supporting spring (12) on the celestial equator circle (4) location.Two moving fulcrums (13) of circle in morning and evening (9) are positioned at respectively on the active ring (5).Being used to enclose frame (15) regulates the stage clip (11) of location and is enclosed within the earth's axis (8) upper end.The two ends of indicateing arm (10) are enclosed within respectively on the earth's axis (8) at terrestrial globe (1) two ends.

The utility model is arranged at terrestrial globe by the version of enclosing in meridian circle and morning and evening in the circle frame of forming, so its structure is very simple because adopted; Simultaneously owing to constantly givenly carry out simultaneously in subsolar point location and morning and evening,, disclose the four seasons alternately and the origin cause of formation of length variation round the clock so can measure the apparent place of any time sun; Be marked with the theoretical terminator that is parallel to each other, actual terminator, civilian terminator and astronomical terminator because enclose morning and evening in addition, can measure various mornings and evenings constantly, so have the many and advantage of wide range of application of function.The utility model also has intuitive display and advantage easy to use.

Concrete structure of the present utility model is provided by following embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof.

Fig. 1 is the Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth front view.

Fig. 2 is the Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth top view.

Among the figure: 1, terrestrial globe, 2, meridian circle, 3, the sun, 4, the celestial equator circle, 5, active ring, 6, integral support, 7, base, 8, the earth's axis, 9, morning and evening circle, 10, indicateing arm, 11, stage clip, 12, supporting spring, 13, moving fulcrum, 14, the ecliptic line, 15, the circle frame, 16, theoretical terminator, 17, actual terminator, 18, civilian terminator, 19, astronomical terminator, 20, vertical warp, 21, horizontal parallel.

In presentation process, the first meridian that need repeatedly mention, the time zone central meridian, the Southern Hemisphere, the Northern Hemisphere etc. all bear obvious signs on terrestrial globe.

On measuring the earth, in the process in the moment in morning and evening of certain measuring point measurement day, at first the first meridian on the terrestrial globe (1) is aimed at the first point of Aries on the celestial equator circle (4), at this moment terrestrial globe (1) is temporarily located with finger.Turning collar frame (5) makes the sun (3) on the meridian circle (2) aim at celestial equator circle (4) to go up with certain and measure a day corresponding scale again, and makes the sun (3) aim at ecliptic line (14), uses stage clip (11) on the earth's axis (8) to make then to enclose frame (15) to locate.Rotate indicateing arm (10) again, make to be subjected to measuring point to intersect at vertical warp (20), read the geographic latitude that is subjected to measuring point from horizontal parallel (21).At this moment the space intersection point of vertical warp (20) on the indicateing arm (10) and active ring (5) is promptly represented corresponding actual sunrise sunset constantly, and promptly terrestrial globe (1) one side is sunrise, and opposite side is the actual sunset moment.Indicateing arm (10) be subjected to the corresponding scale of measuring point geographic latitude to aim at civilian terminator (18), can measure its civilian morning and evening constantly; Aim at astronomical terminator (19), can measure its astronomical morning and evening constantly.The above survey is local time constantly.

When carrying out local time and standard, in the process that converts of universal time, be when reading certain and being subjected to the measuring point sun to haunt constantly, from the scale of the central meridian that is subjected to time zone, measuring point place and active ring (5) intersection, read when being subjected to the measuring point sun to haunt standard; And from the corresponding time scale of the first meridian on, read and be subjected to the measuring point sun universal time that haunts.Rotate the globe (1), make to be subjected to measuring point to aim at civilian terminator (18), from time zone central meridian and the corresponding scale of the first meridian on, read civilian morning and evening respectively during standard and universal time; Make to be subjected to measuring point to aim at astronomical terminator (19), from time zone central meridian and the corresponding scale of the first meridian on, read astronomical morning and evening respectively during standard and universal time.

Carry out the four seasons alternately and round the clock length be varied to because of presentation process in, it at first is the first point of Aries of the first meridian of terrestrial globe (1) being aimed at celestial equator circle (4), the earth's axis (8) is tilted to the right, point to the summer solstice, counter clockwise direction turning collar frame (15), the sun (3) is turned to the summer solstice, and subsolar point just in time reaches 23 ° of 27 ' one line of north latitude, and the days are long and the nights short in the Northern Hemisphere; In the counterclockwise direction the sun (3) is rotated further 90, makes it reach the first point of Aries, because the earth's axis (8) still is tilted to the right, sun direct rays are the directive equator from the side, and the earth is half point round the clock everywhere; In the counterclockwise direction the sun (3) is rotated further 90 °, makes it reach first point of Capricornus and since the earth's axis (8) always keeps being tilted to the right 23 ° 27 ' state, thereby formation departs from the position of the sun (3).Subsolar point drops within 23 ° of 27 ' one line scope of south latitude, and days are short and nights long in the Northern Hemisphere; When the sun (3) when turning to the first point of Aries, the similar state when being in the first point of Libra appears.So circulation repeatedly, just alternately occur four seasons, disclosed the earth's axis from face and tilted and point to constant principle, and with the four seasons relation that changes of length alternately and round the clock.

Claims

1, a kind of Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth, it is characterized in that being equipped with on the base (9) annular integral support (6), along vertical line tilt 23 ° 27 ' the two ends of the earth's axis (8) be fixed on the integral support (6), plane, integral support (6) zero degree line place is equiped with celestial equator circle (4) and active ring (5), be equiped with the circle frame of being made up of orthogonal meridian circle (2) and circle in morning and evening (9) on the active ring (5), the terrestrial globe (1) of band indicateing arm (10) and ecliptic line (14) is installed in by stage clip (11) and regulates in the circle frame (15) of location.

2, Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth according to claim 1, it is characterized in that integral support (1) is marked with the latitude scale mark, celestial equator circle (4) is marked with the scale mark of the expression sun apparent displacement on Sunday and the twenty-four solar terms, it is 4 minutes twenty-four theory scale mark that active ring (5) is marked with minimum calibration, circle in morning and evening (9) is marked with the theoretical terminator (16) that is parallel to each other, actual terminator (17), (19) four astragals of civilian terminator (18) and astronomical terminator, be carved with vertical warp (20) that parallels with terrestrial globe (1) warp and the horizontal parallel (21) that parallels with terrestrial globe (1) parallel on the indicateing arm (10).

3, Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth according to claim 1 is characterized in that active ring (5) is by the supporting of the supporting spring (12) on the celestial equator circle (4) location.

4, Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth according to claim 1 is characterized in that two moving fulcrums (13) of circle in morning and evening (9) are positioned at respectively on the active ring (5).

5, Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth according to claim 1 is characterized in that being used to enclosing frame (15) and regulates the stage clip (11) of location and be enclosed within the earth's axis (8) upper end.

6, Instrument for surveying solar time and azimuth according to claim 1 is characterized in that the two ends of indicateing arm (10) are enclosed within respectively on the earth's axis (8) at terrestrial globe (1) two ends.