CN207850832U - A kind of triaxial compression test instrument - Google Patents
A kind of triaxial compression test instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN207850832U CN207850832U CN201820032966.7U CN201820032966U CN207850832U CN 207850832 U CN207850832 U CN 207850832U CN 201820032966 U CN201820032966 U CN 201820032966U CN 207850832 U CN207850832 U CN 207850832U
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Abstract
The utility model belongs to triaxial compression test equipment technical field, discloses a kind of triaxial compression test instrument, including：Rigid frame, confining pressure cylinder top head, peripheral cylinder pressure, interior confining pressure cylinder, confining pressure cylinder bottom seat, hydraulic cylinder, seaming chuck, pressure sensor and linear displacement transducer；Confining pressure cylinder top head is fixed on the top of rigid frame, and peripheral cylinder pressure top matching is fixed on confining pressure cylinder top head, and interior confining pressure cylinder is embedded in in peripheral cylinder pressure, and the matching of confining pressure cylinder bottom seat is fixed on interior confining pressure cylinder bottom end；Hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the lower part of rigid frame, and the piston rod top of hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the bottom end of confining pressure cylinder bottom seat；Seaming chuck is arranged in outer confining pressure cylinder, and is fixed on confining pressure cylinder top head bottom end；Pressure sensor is arranged between seaming chuck and the bottom end of confining pressure cylinder top head；Linear displacement transducer is connected between seaming chuck and confining pressure cylinder bottom seat.The utility model provides a kind of efficient triaxial compression test instrument easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The utility model is related to triaxial compression test equipment technical field, more particularly to a kind of triaxial compression test instrument.
Background technology
Triaxial compression test is the necessary means of research rock-soil material mechanical characteristic can be obtained by triaxial compression test
The mechanical strength and deformation behaviour of rock-soil material under the conditions of to different confining pressures, and internal friction angle and cohesive strength are calculated, it draws out
The intensity curve of rock can also calculate the basic mechanicals parameter such as elasticity modulus, Poisson's ratio.And these basic parameters are for reality
Border engineering and research are crucial.
Existing triaxial compression test instrument type is various, and existing common problem is bulky, if by mutually independent
Cadre is grouped as, and need to be assembled successively when being tested.The test procedure is complicated, and progress triaxial compression test is caused to take
Length, efficiency are low.
Utility model content
The utility model provides a kind of triaxial compression test instrument, and triaxial compression test is complicated for operation in the prior art for solution,
Time-consuming, the low technical problem of efficiency.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the utility model provides a kind of triaxial compression test instrument, including：Rigid frame,
Confining pressure cylinder top head, peripheral cylinder pressure, interior confining pressure cylinder, confining pressure cylinder bottom seat, hydraulic cylinder, seaming chuck, pressure sensor and straight-line displacement
Sensor；
The confining pressure cylinder top head is fixed on the top of the rigid frame, and periphery cylinder pressure top matching is fixed on described
On confining pressure cylinder top head, the interior confining pressure cylinder is embedded in in the peripheral cylinder pressure, and the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat matching is fixed in described
Confining pressure cylinder bottom end；
The hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the lower part of the rigid frame, and the piston rod top of the hydraulic cylinder be fixed on it is described
The bottom end of confining pressure cylinder bottom seat；
The seaming chuck setting is fixed on confining pressure cylinder top head bottom end in the peripheral cylinder pressure；
The pressure sensor is arranged between the seaming chuck and the bottom end of the confining pressure cylinder top head；
The linear displacement transducer is connected between the seaming chuck and the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat.
Further, gas vent is set in the confining pressure cylinder top head, confining pressure oilhole is opened up in the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat.
Further, the bottom end of the peripheral cylinder pressure is arranged towards the first radial flange in cylinder, first radial convex
Edge is resisted against on the lateral wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder；
The top of the interior confining pressure cylinder is arranged towards the second radial flange outside cylinder, and second radial flange is resisted against institute
On the madial wall for stating peripheral cylinder pressure.
Further, the longitudinal end of first radial flange opens up the first seal groove, first seal groove
The first sealing ring of interior setting seals the gap between first radial flange and the lateral wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder；
The longitudinal end of second radial flange opens up the second seal groove, is arranged second in second seal groove
Sealing ring seals the gap between second radial flange and the madial wall of the peripheral cylinder pressure.
Further, the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat includes：Base body and axial boss on its top is set；
The axial boss is in the bottom nozzle of the interior confining pressure cylinder；
The top end face of the base body is resisted against on the bottom face of the interior confining pressure cylinder.
Further, third seal groove is opened up on the side wall of the axial boss, is arranged in the third seal groove
Third sealing ring seals the gap between the axial boss and the madial wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder.
Further, the third seal groove includes：Upper seal groove and lower seal slot, the upper seal groove and
It is respectively provided with sealing ring in the lower seal slot.
Further, sample stage is set in the axial boss, and the sample stage is oppositely arranged with the seaming chuck.
Further, setting drawing handle on the outer wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder.
Further, handle position limiting structure is arranged in the bottom end of the peripheral cylinder pressure；
The handle position limiting structure includes：Positive stop hook；
The positive stop hook is arranged in the bottom end of the peripheral cylinder pressure；
It is opened up on the positive stop hook and the matched card slot of the drawing handle.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages：
The triaxial compression test instrument provided in the embodiment of the present application by nested peripheral cylinder pressure and interior confining pressure cylinder and encloses
Cylinder pressure upper cover and confining pressure cylinder bottom seat formed can axial stretching confining pressure cavity configuration, on the one hand, so that the structure of confining pressure chamber it is whole compared with
It is small, it can adjust according to actual needs；On the other hand, the design of extensible enclosing Press cylinder device can coordinate hydraulic cylinder to realize axial apply
Power, it is easy to operate efficient.Then, by pressure sensor, seaming chuck can monitor in real time and feedback control axial force distribution；Straight line
Displacement sensor realizes the axial strain monitoring of sample, whole efficiently convenient.The volume of more existing triaxial compression test instrument is significantly
Reduce, saves space.Meanwhile from hommization angle, inside and outside confining pressure cylinder combines the retractable structure to be formed, effectively avoids
The complicated process for dismantling pressure indoor in experiment preparation repeatedly, improves test efficiency, alleviates do to a certain extent
The manual labor of experiment.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of triaxial compression test instrument provided by the utility model；
Fig. 2 is the fit structure schematic diagram of peripheral cylinder pressure and interior confining pressure cylinder provided by the utility model；
Fig. 3 is sample axial force distribution structural schematic diagram provided by the utility model.
Specific implementation mode
The embodiment of the present application solves triaxial compression test in the prior art and operates by providing a kind of triaxial compression test instrument
Complexity, time-consuming, the low technical problem of efficiency.
In order to better understand the above technical scheme, in conjunction with appended figures and specific embodiments to upper
It states technical solution to be described in detail, it should be understood that the specific features in the utility model embodiment and embodiment are to this Shen
Please technical solution detailed description, rather than to the restriction of technical scheme, in the absence of conflict, the application is real
The technical characteristic applied in example and embodiment can be combined with each other.
Referring to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, a kind of triaxial compression test instrument, including：Rigid frame 23, confining pressure cylinder top head 3, periphery
Cylinder pressure 4, interior confining pressure cylinder 5, confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18, hydraulic cylinder 19, seaming chuck 13, pressure sensor 12 and linear displacement transducer
15。
Wherein, the confining pressure cylinder top head 3 is fixed on the top of the rigid frame 23, the top of the periphery cylinder pressure 4
With being fixed on the confining pressure cylinder top head 3, the interior confining pressure cylinder 5 be embedded in in the peripheral cylinder pressure 4, the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18
Matching is fixed on the bottom end of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5；The hydraulic cylinder 19 is fixed on the lower part of the rigid frame 23, and the liquid
The top of the piston rod 20 of cylinder pressure 19 is fixed on the bottom end of the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18.So as to form telescopic confining pressure cylinder knot
Structure substantially reduces the volume of confining pressure structure, meanwhile, from hommization angle, inside and outside confining pressure cylinder combines the scalable knot to be formed
Structure effectively prevents the complicated process for dismantling pressure indoor in experiment preparation repeatedly, test efficiency is improved, to a certain degree
On alleviate the manual labor done experiment.
That is, push the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18 to move up application axial force by hydraulic cylinder 19, and in the process, institute
Stating interior confining pressure cylinder 5 follows the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18 to be axially moved, to ensure that the sealing state of confining pressure chamber is stablized.Relative to existing
Some triaxial test structures, force application structure and mode are more easy to be reliable.
In general, one slab structure part is set in the bottom end of the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18, and passes through the slab structure
Part connects the piston rod 20 of the hydraulic cylinder 19.Axial force can be carried by slab structure part, and evenly dispersed is enclosed to described
Cylinder pressure pedestal 18 realizes and stablizes, uniform axial force ensures the reliability of axial force distribution.
Specifically, the setting of the seaming chuck 12 is in the peripheral cylinder pressure 4, and is fixed on the confining pressure cylinder top head 3
Bottom end；The pressure sensor 12 is arranged between the seaming chuck 13 and the bottom end of the confining pressure cylinder top head 3；To form axis
To pressure detection structure, it is convenient for the axial force distribution of hydraulic cylinder 19.
The linear displacement transducer 15 is connected between the seaming chuck 13 and the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18.For
Detect the axial deformation of sample 14.
Wherein confining pressure cylinder top head 3 is fixed on 23 top of the rigid frame by fastening bolt 1, promotes the structure of confining pressure cylinder
Intensity.
In general, linear variable difference transformer LVDT can be used by the axis of sample 14 in the linear displacement transducer 15
It is converted into electric signal output to deformation.
In general, force basis of the rigid frame 23 as triaxial test, has enough rigidity and structural strength.
For the ease of forming confining pressure environment in interior confining pressure cylinder 5 and peripheral cylinder pressure 4, exhaust is set in the confining pressure cylinder top head 3
Hole 2, for being vented；Confining pressure oilhole 17 is opened up in the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18, is used for external oil pump, is convenient for the injection of confining pressure oil.
Further, the bottom end of the peripheral cylinder pressure 4 is arranged towards the first radial flange in cylinder, first radial convex
Edge is resisted against on the lateral wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5；The top of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5 is arranged towards the second radial convex outside cylinder
Edge, second radial flange are resisted against on the madial wall of the peripheral cylinder pressure 4.To form axial limit structure, limitation is enclosed
Press the height of chamber；Sealing structure is also formd to a certain extent simultaneously.
In general, the longitudinal end of first radial flange opens up the first seal groove, first seal groove
The first sealing ring 7 of interior setting seals the gap between first radial flange and the lateral wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5.
The longitudinal end of second radial flange opens up the second seal groove, is arranged second in second seal groove
Sealing ring 6 seals the gap between second radial flange and the madial wall of the peripheral cylinder pressure 4, further lift-off seal effect
Fruit.
The confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18 includes：Base body and axial boss on its top is set；The axial boss
In the bottom nozzle of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5, the bottom nozzle of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5 is blocked.
The top end face of the base body is resisted against on the bottom face of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5, the lower scalable confining pressure cylinder of sealing
Structure.
Further, third seal groove is opened up on the side wall of the axial boss, is arranged in the third seal groove
Third sealing ring 10 seals the gap between the axial boss and the madial wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5.
In general, the third seal groove includes：Upper seal groove and lower seal slot, the upper seal groove and
It is respectively provided with sealing ring in the lower seal slot；That is, forming two circle ring structure up and down.
Further, sample stage is set in the axial boss, and the sample stage is opposite with the seaming chuck 13 to be set
It sets, sample 14 is arranged between.It in general, can also be by being socketed rubber sleeve outside sample 14, and in the middle part of rubber sleeve
Hoop strain meter 16, the hoop strain for measuring sample 14 are set.
For the ease of the telescopic adjustment of confining pressure cylinder, setting drawing handle 11 on the outer wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder 5；To pull
Or confining pressure cylinder 5 moves axially in pushing.
Handle position limiting structure is arranged in the bottom end of the periphery cylinder pressure 4；The handle position limiting structure includes：Positive stop hook 8；It is described
Positive stop hook 8 is arranged in the bottom end of the peripheral cylinder pressure 4；It is opened up on the positive stop hook 8 and the 11 matched card slot of drawing handle.
In general, positive stop hook 8 and 4 bottom end of peripheral cylinder pressure are pivotally connected by shaft 9, consequently facilitating limitation drawing hand
Handle 11 or release drawing handle 11.
When pulling arrival 8 top of positive stop hook of handle 11, rotary spacing hook 8 withstands drawing handle 11 from below, and passes through
Card slot limits its shaking, ensures limit reliability.
The working condition of above structure is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, to be with rock-soil material conventional triaxial compression test
Example explanation.
Include the following steps：
A. by standard cylindrical sample, generally diameter 50mm, height 100mm is sealed with rubber sleeve, is positioned over
Between pressure head 13 and confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18, and ensure in pressure sensor 12, seaming chuck 13, sample 14, confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18
Mandrel line overlaps.
B., axial direction LVDT is installed between seaming chuck 13 and confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18, for measuring sample in loading procedure
Axial deformation；Intermediate position mounting ring is to strain gauge 16 on the outside of the rubber sleeve of sealing sample 14, the ring for measuring sample 14
To deformation.
C. sample is after installation is complete, rotating shaft 9, and positive stop hook 8 is made to leave drawing handle 11, pushes in drawing handle 11 makes
Confining pressure cylinder 5 slowly declines.Interior confining pressure cylinder 5 is contacted by high performance second sealing ring 6 with the inner wall of peripheral cylinder pressure 4, and lower part is logical
The third sealing ring 10 crossed on confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18 is in close contact.Because interior confining pressure cylinder 5 is required in each on-test and end
Descending operation is carried out, second sealing ring 6 follows interior confining pressure cylinder 5 to move up and down, and must have good wear-resisting property, and
Good airproof performance avoids hydraulic oil from entering the confined space that inside and outside confining pressure cylinder is formed as possible.The third sealing ring 10 plays sealing
Effect, avoids the hydraulic oil in confining pressure cylinder excessive.4 bottom of peripheral cylinder pressure and the outer wall of interior confining pressure cylinder 5 are connect by the first sealing ring 7
It touches, first sealing ring 7 plays the role of confining pressure cylinder 5 in support and moves up and down, and inside and outside confining pressure cylinder is prevented to be in direct contact generation
Friction, can play a certain protective role.
D. interior confining pressure cylinder 5 is stretched out is in close contact with confining pressure cylinder bottom seat 18, and sample 14 is completely sealed in confining pressure cylinder, this
When, confining pressure cylinder interior forms confined space.Confining pressure oilhole 17 and gas vent 2 are opened simultaneously, it is fast by the oil pump outside tester
Speed is oil-filled into confining pressure cylinder, when gas vent 17 has hydraulic oil spilling, illustrates that hydraulic oil has been filled in confining pressure cylinder, closes exhaust in time
Oil-filled operation is completed in hole 17.
E. the drain into confining pressure cylinder is continued by the servo-control system outside tester, applies confining pressure to presetting
Value.
F. after confined pressure steady, load cylinder oil outlet 21 and load cylinder fuel feed hole 22 are opened simultaneously, outside tester
Servo-control system drain into hydraulic loaded cylinder, so that piston boit 20 is gradually moved up, apply axis pressure.
G. after sample destruction, servo-control system first unloads axis pressure, then unload confining pressure, confining pressure by way of imbibition
After the completion of discharge degree in cylinder, the oil pump outside gas vent 2, confining pressure oilhole 17 and tester is opened, is extracted in confining pressure cylinder
Hydraulic oil.
H. after the hydraulic oil in confining pressure cylinder is completely exhausted out, lifting handle 11 makes interior confining pressure cylinder 5 bounce back in peripheral cylinder pressure 4
Portion, the limiting device 8 of 4 bottom of rotating peripheral cylinder pressure make the handle 11 of interior confining pressure cylinder 5 be fixed in 8 groove of limiting device, play
Fixed function.
I. after the completion of above-mentioned steps, sample is taken out, experiment is completed.
Triaxial compression test instrument disclosed by the utility model is realized and is enclosed by way of the combination of both inside and outside confining pressure cylinders
The retractable of cylinder pressure, and confining pressure cylinder top head and pedestal are individually fixed in rigid frame and hydraulic loaded cylinder top, compared with
Existing triaxial compression test instrument volume greatly reduces, and saves space.Meanwhile from hommization angle, inside and outside confining pressure cylinder combination
The retractable structure of formation effectively prevents the complicated process for dismantling pressure indoor in experiment preparation repeatedly, improves experiment
Efficiency alleviates the manual labor done and tested to a certain extent.
One or more technical solutions provided in the embodiments of the present application have at least the following technical effects or advantages：
The triaxial compression test instrument provided in the embodiment of the present application by nested peripheral cylinder pressure and interior confining pressure cylinder and encloses
Cylinder pressure upper cover and confining pressure cylinder bottom seat formed can axial stretching confining pressure cavity configuration, on the one hand, so that the structure of confining pressure chamber it is whole compared with
It is small, it can adjust according to actual needs；On the other hand, the design of extensible enclosing Press cylinder device can coordinate hydraulic cylinder to realize axial apply
Power, it is easy to operate efficient.Then, by pressure sensor, seaming chuck can monitor in real time and feedback control axial force distribution；Straight line
Displacement sensor realizes the axial strain monitoring of sample, whole efficiently convenient.The volume of more existing triaxial compression test instrument is significantly
Reduce, saves space.Meanwhile from hommization angle, inside and outside confining pressure cylinder combines the retractable structure to be formed, effectively avoids
The complicated process for dismantling pressure indoor in experiment preparation repeatedly, improves test efficiency, alleviates do to a certain extent
The manual labor of experiment.
It should be noted last that the above specific implementation mode is only to illustrate the technical solution of the utility model rather than limit
System, although the utility model is described in detail with reference to example, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that, it can be right
The technical solution of the utility model is modified or replaced equivalently, without departing from the spirit and model of technical solutions of the utility model
It encloses, should all cover in the right of the utility model.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of triaxial compression test instrument, which is characterized in that including：Rigid frame, confining pressure cylinder top head, peripheral cylinder pressure, interior confining pressure
Cylinder, confining pressure cylinder bottom seat, hydraulic cylinder, seaming chuck, pressure sensor and linear displacement transducer；
The confining pressure cylinder top head is fixed on the top of the rigid frame, and the top matching of the periphery cylinder pressure is fixed on described enclose
On cylinder pressure on lid, embedded in in the peripheral cylinder pressure, the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat matching is fixed in described encloses the interior confining pressure cylinder
The bottom end of cylinder pressure；
The hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the lower part of the rigid frame, and the piston rod top of the hydraulic cylinder is fixed on the confining pressure
The bottom end of cylinder bottom seat；
The seaming chuck setting is fixed on confining pressure cylinder top head bottom end in the peripheral cylinder pressure；
The pressure sensor is arranged between the seaming chuck and the bottom end of the confining pressure cylinder top head；
The linear displacement transducer is connected between the seaming chuck and the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat.
2. triaxial compression test instrument as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that gas vent is set in the confining pressure cylinder top head,
Confining pressure oilhole is opened up in the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat.
3. triaxial compression test instrument as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the bottom end of the periphery cylinder pressure is arranged towards cylinder
The first interior radial flange, first radial flange are resisted against on the lateral wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder；
The top of the interior confining pressure cylinder is arranged towards the second radial flange outside cylinder, and second radial flange is resisted against described outer
On the madial wall of confining pressure cylinder.
4. triaxial compression test instrument as claimed in claim 3, which is characterized in that the longitudinal end of first radial flange is opened
If the first seal groove, the first sealing ring of setting seals first radial flange and interior is enclosed with described in first seal groove
Gap between the lateral wall of cylinder pressure；
The longitudinal end of second radial flange opens up the second seal groove, and the second sealing is arranged in second seal groove
Circle seals the gap between second radial flange and the madial wall of the peripheral cylinder pressure.
5. triaxial compression test instrument as described in claim 1, which is characterized in that the confining pressure cylinder bottom seat includes：Base body
And the axial boss on its top is set；
The axial boss is in the bottom nozzle of the interior confining pressure cylinder；
The top end face of the base body is resisted against on the bottom face of the interior confining pressure cylinder.
6. triaxial compression test instrument as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that open up third on the side wall of the axial boss
Seal groove, the interior setting third sealing ring of the third seal groove seal the inside of the axial boss and the interior confining pressure cylinder
Gap between wall.
7. triaxial compression test instrument as claimed in claim 6, which is characterized in that the third seal groove includes：Upper sealing
It is respectively provided with sealing ring in ring recess and lower seal slot, the upper seal groove and the lower seal slot.
8. triaxial compression test instrument as claimed in claim 5, which is characterized in that sample stage is set in the axial boss,
The sample stage is oppositely arranged with the seaming chuck.
9. such as claim 1~8 any one of them triaxial compression test instrument, which is characterized in that the outer wall of the interior confining pressure cylinder
Upper setting pulls handle.
10. triaxial compression test instrument as claimed in claim 9, which is characterized in that handle is arranged in the bottom end of the periphery cylinder pressure
Position limiting structure；
The handle position limiting structure includes：Positive stop hook；
The positive stop hook is arranged in the bottom end of the peripheral cylinder pressure；
It is opened up on the positive stop hook and the matched card slot of the drawing handle.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820032966.7U CN207850832U (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | A kind of triaxial compression test instrument |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201820032966.7U CN207850832U (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | A kind of triaxial compression test instrument |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN207850832U true CN207850832U (en) | 2018-09-11 |
Family
ID=63417680
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| CN201820032966.7U Active CN207850832U (en) | 2018-01-09 | 2018-01-09 | A kind of triaxial compression test instrument |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108106943A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of triaxial compression test instrument |
| CN109374862A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-22 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of mud high-pressure filteration compression dehydration test cavity and test device |
| CN108106943B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2024-06-25 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Triaxial compression tester |
-
2018
- 2018-01-09 CN CN201820032966.7U patent/CN207850832U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108106943A (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2018-06-01 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of triaxial compression test instrument |
| CN108106943B (en) * | 2018-01-09 | 2024-06-25 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | Triaxial compression tester |
| CN109374862A (en) * | 2018-11-27 | 2019-02-22 | 中国科学院武汉岩土力学研究所 | A kind of mud high-pressure filteration compression dehydration test cavity and test device |
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