CN207819803U - Excitation commutation formula generator - Google Patents

Excitation commutation formula generator Download PDF

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Publication number
CN207819803U
CN207819803U CN201721474137.6U CN201721474137U CN207819803U CN 207819803 U CN207819803 U CN 207819803U CN 201721474137 U CN201721474137 U CN 201721474137U CN 207819803 U CN207819803 U CN 207819803U
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China
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phase
stator
rotor
phases
magnetic pole
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杨明
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Foshan China Micro Electric Technology Co Ltd
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Foshan China Micro Electric Technology Co Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02PCONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P9/00Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P9/14Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by variation of field

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)

Abstract

A kind of excitation commutation formula generator, including stator, rotor, adjustment of field excitation control unit 109, shell, end cap and bearing, stator includes A phases stator core and stator winding L5, B phase stator core and stator winding L6, A, B phases magnetic pole of the stator is staggered k π+pi/2 electrical angle, rotor includes A phases rotor magnetic pole and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L7, B phase rotor magnetic pole and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L8, and Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection has brush or brushless connection;Adjustment of field excitation control unit 109 is separately connected with two-phase stator winding and two-phase excitation winding, when detecting that corresponding phase stator winding exports positive half cycle induced electromotive force exciting current is provided by first direction, when exporting negative half period exciting current is provided by second direction, second direction is opposite with first direction, every phase stator winding is set to export positive half cycle induced electromotive force under the first and second direction exciting current effects, two stator winding overlapped in series, output voltage cuts off exciting current when reaching setting value, makes output voltage stabilization.

Description

Excitation commutation formula generator
Technical field
The utility model belongs to technical field of motors, and in particular to excitation commutation formula generator.
Background technology
The generator of the prior art is mostly alternating current generator, needs to be exchanged with rectifying device in the occasion for needing direct current Electric rectification is direct current, such as automobile current generator is the alternating current generator of rectifier type direct current output, is almost three-phase full-wave Type A.C. commutator generator, as shown in Figure 1, generator includes threephase stator winding A, B, C, rotor field coil L100, voltage Adjuster REG, three phase full wave rectification diode group 101 (D1~D6), main rectifier cell are six two poles of high current rectification Pipe, due to output generator current flow through these rectifier diodes generate pressure drop, make diode generate heat under high current it is more, Thermal losses is big, Wen Sheng higher, the rectifier bridge that generator efficiency reduces and diode is constituted is made to be easier to the damage of overcurrent overtemperature, is Heat dissipation plate bulk that diode group is added is larger, also needs to reserve corresponding radiating airflow space in generator body body, increase The burden of radiator fan also increases air resistance coefficient, influences generator overall efficiency, also increases generator material cost simultaneously And production technology cost.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is to provide one kind being based on excitation commutation formula generator, enables generator by less Diode, that is, exportable same electric power direct current, or even without diode rectification, that is, exportable direct current, to solve The diode group fever technical problems such as more in above-mentioned technical problem.
The creative proposition that is mainly characterized by of the utility model makes excitation magnetic by changing exciting current direction in due course Pole dipole inversion makes the negative half period induced electromotive force of original stator output change into the induced electromotive force of stator output positive half cycle, To be realized in the consistent DC voltage of stator winding output voltage polarity, technical side of the invention by changing excitation polarity Case is:
According to the utility model in a first aspect, provide a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, it is characterized in that packet It includes:Stator, rotor, adjustment of field excitation control unit, shell, end cap and bearing, the stator include stator core and stator around Group, the rotor are excitation type rotor, including rotor magnetic pole and rotor windings, and the rotor windings are Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, described turn Sub- magnetic pole is salient pole type magnetic pole or is pawl pole, and the pawl pole is claw-like magnetic pole, and the adjustment of field excitation control unit connection is described fixed Sub- winding, is used for
1. detecting the phase of generator unit stator winding output voltage, the phase of the stator winding output voltage of generator is obtained Signal,
2. the exciting current direction of the rotor is determined according to the phase signal of the stator winding,
The adjustment of field excitation control unit is also connected with the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, is used for
Exciting current is provided by first direction when detecting the positive half cycle induced electromotive force of the stator winding output,
Exciting current is provided by second direction when detecting the negative half period induced electromotive force of the stator winding output,
The exciting current of the second direction is the electric current with the exciting current negative direction of the first direction, and it is described fixed to make Sub- winding generates positive half cycle under the action of the exciting current of the first direction and the exciting current of the second direction Induced electromotive force.
It is further preferred that providing a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, it is characterized in that the motor includes two Phase stator and two-phase rotor, the two-phase stator be A phases stator and B phase stators, wherein A phases stator include A phases stator core and A phase stator winding, B phase stators include B phases stator core and B phase stator winding, and the two-phase rotor is that A phases rotor turns with B phases Son, wherein A phases rotor include A phases rotor magnetic pole and A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, B phase rotors include B phases rotor magnetic pole and B phases excitation around Group,
With the electrical angle needed for one generated on each stator winding complete positive half cycle induced electromotive force for π:
1. when the A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase rotor magnetic poles are the structure of alignment thereof, make the A phases magnetic pole of the stator Circumferentially rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2+k π electrical angles, wherein k ∈ integers with B phases magnetic pole of the stator,
2. when the A phases magnetic pole of the stator and B phase magnetic pole of the stator are the structure of alignment thereof, make the A phases rotor magnetic pole Circumferentially rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2+k π electrical angles, wherein k ∈ integers with B phases rotor magnetic pole,
3. on rotation round direction, when the alternate magnetic pole of the stator of A, B two-phase is staggered certain geometry on rotation round direction Angle Θ, the corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle Θ is δ, and rotor magnetic pole is staggered certain several on rotation round direction What angle [alpha], the corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle α is β;And electrical angle α and electrical angle β is made to meet formula:β-δ=k π+t, wherein k ∈ integers, t are the electrical angle pi/2 corresponding to alternate phase difference;
The A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding are connected in series with, and make the A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding Induced electromotive force be Downward addition output.
It is further preferred that additionally providing a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, it is characterized in that the motor includes Two-phase stator and two-phase rotor, the two-phase stator are A phases stator and B phase stators, and wherein A phases stator includes A phase stator cores With A phase stator winding, B phase stators include B phases stator core and B phase stator winding, and the two-phase rotor is A phases rotor and B phases Rotor, wherein A phases rotor include A phases rotor magnetic pole and A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and B phase rotors include B phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase excitations Winding,
With the electrical angle needed for one generated on each stator winding complete positive half cycle induced electromotive force for π, 1. When the A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase rotor magnetic poles are the structure of alignment thereof, make the A phases stator and B phases stator along circle All rotor rotation rounds direction is staggered pi/2 electrical angle,
2. when the magnetic pole of the A phases stator and B phase stators is the structure of alignment thereof, the A phases rotor is made to turn with B phases Circumferentially rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2 electrical angle son,
3. on rotation round direction, the alternate magnetic pole of the stator of A, B two-phase is staggered certain geometry angle on rotation round direction Spend Θ, the corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle Θ is δ, and rotor magnetic pole is staggered certain geometry on rotation round direction Angle [alpha], the corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle α is β;And electrical angle α and electrical angle β is made to meet formula:β-δ=k π+ T, wherein k ∈ integers, t are the electrical angle pi/2 corresponding to alternate phase difference;
The A phases stator winding output end passes through isolating diode by isolating diode and B phase stator winding output ends It is connected in parallel, and makes the induced electromotive force phase cross-over (k π+pi/2 electrical angle) of the A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding Parallel opertation in the same direction.
According to the second aspect of the utility model, a kind of excitation commutation formula generator is provided, is characterized in that packet Stator, rotor, adjustment of field excitation control unit, phase detector, shell, end cap and bearing are included, the stator includes stator core And stator winding, the rotor are excitation type rotor, including rotor magnetic pole and rotor windings, the rotor windings be excitation around Group, the rotor magnetic pole are salient pole type magnetic pole or are pawl pole, and the pawl pole is claw-like magnetic pole;
The phase detector is installed on the stator or is installed on the shell of generator, and the phase detector is also It connect, is used for the adjustment of field excitation control unit
1. detecting the relative position of generator amature and stator by the phase detector, power generator rotor magnetic pole is obtained With the relative position signal of stator,
2. the exciting current direction of the rotor is determined according to the relative position signal of the rotor magnetic pole and stator,
The adjustment of field excitation control unit is also connected with the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, is used for
When the adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that the stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of positive half cycle by the One direction provides exciting current,
When the adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that the stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of negative half period by the Two directions provide exciting current,
The exciting current of the second direction is the electric current with the exciting current negative direction of the first direction, and it is described fixed to make Sub- winding generates the sense of positive half cycle under the exciting current of the first direction and the exciting current effect of the second direction Motional electromotive force.
Further, the utility model additionally provides a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, is characterized in that, the hair 1 phase rotor windings of motor include two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and described two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and the second excitation Winding, first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection around on the contrary, wherein the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection beginning C1, tail Hold T1;Beginning T2, the tail end C2 of second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, described two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are connect with adjustment of field excitation control unit;
The polarity of rotor magnetic pole and described second when the electric current of first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection flows to tail end T1 from beginning C1 The polarity of rotor magnetic pole is on the contrary, for an Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection wherein when the electric current of Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection flows to beginning T2 from tail end C2 Make the stator winding output positive half cycle induced electromotive force when connecting C1 → T1 exciting currents, is connected in another Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection The rotor magnetic pole polarity, which is exchanged, when C2 → T2 exciting currents makes the stator winding still export positive half cycle induced electromotive force;
Or the tail end T1 of first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is connect with the beginning T2 of the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, as the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection Beginning C1 and the tail end C2 of the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection between coil tap T1T2, when first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection electric current from The polarity of rotor magnetic pole and the electric current of second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection flow to tail end from tap T1T2 when tap T1T2 flows to beginning C1 The polarity of rotor magnetic pole is on the contrary, described fixed for making when an Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection connects T1T2 → C1 exciting currents wherein when C2 Sub- winding exports positive half cycle induced electromotive force, the rotor magnetic when another Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection connects T1T2 → C2 exciting currents Pole polarity, which is exchanged, makes the stator winding still export positive half cycle induced electromotive force.
The utility model has the beneficial effects that:
1, rectifier diode this main heater element is eliminated, so that generator fever is greatly reduced, is simple in structure, effect Rate improves, reliability improves, cost reduction.
2, for the type using isolating diode, diode number reduces half, and generator diode is made to generate heat It reduces, rectifier circuit structure is simple, efficiency improves, reliability improves, cost reduction.
3, the internal resistance of generator dynamic reduces, and response improves, and fan-out capability enhancing, driving current increases, and generator resists Overload capacity improves, and power supply quality improves, and it is electronic to generate larger self-induction for the perceptual devices such as load other than generator in addition When gesture overvoltage, for being directly connected on for the circuit of stator winding DC voltage output end, smaller interior of generator unit stator winding Resistance, which will play external overvoltage pulse, stabilizes and absorption.
4, distribution formula power supply management system convenient to carry out, the circuit of power supply (Hot all the time) when for needing long Unit or circuit branch can be connected to vehicle battery positive terminal, and for just there is power demands when engine is run System can be connected directly between output end of the generator without isolating diode, can equally improve power supply efficiency and power supply Quality.
Description of the drawings:
Fig. 1 is conventional rectifier formula generator circuit structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is excitation commutation formula modulator approach flow diagram;
Fig. 3 is single-phase excitation commutation formula generator circuit structural schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is single-phase excitation commutation formula generator circuit waveform diagram;
Fig. 5 is the two-phase excitation commutation type generator circuit structural schematic diagram that stator winding directly exports;
Fig. 6 is the two-phase excitation commutation type generator two-phase stator winding induced electromotive force, each that stator winding directly exports The DC stacked output voltage waveforms of excitation voltage waveform and stator winding of phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection compare schematic diagram;
Fig. 7 is the concatenated two-phase excitation commutation type generator circuit structural representation with isolating diode of stator winding Figure;
Fig. 8 is the two-phase excitation commutation type generator circuit structural representation with isolating diode of stator winding parallel connection Figure;
Fig. 9 is the two-phase excitation commutation type generator circuit waveform diagram with isolating diode of stator winding parallel connection With the concatenated two-phase excitation commutation type generator circuit waveform diagram of stator winding;
Figure 10 is the single-phase excitation commutation formula generator circuit structural schematic diagram for having rotor-position sensor;
Figure 11 is that there are two around the generator circuit structural schematic diagram to opposite Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection for 1 phase rotor tool;
Figure 12 is the generator circuit structural schematic diagram for the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection that 1 phase rotor has coil tap.
Specific implementation mode:
In order to realize that the purpose of this utility model, the utility model embodiment provide excitation commutation formula generator.Under In conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments, specific embodiment of the present utility model is done to be described in further detail, embodiment is only used in face Illustrate the utility model, be not intended to limit the utility model, the interest field of the utility model is defined by the claims.
Being passed through using excitation commutation method for creativeness that be mainly characterized by of the utility model changes exciting current direction Change excitation pole polarity, the negative half period induced electromotive force exported originally is made to change into the induced electromotive force of output positive half cycle, from And realize the consistent DC voltage of output voltage polarity on stator winding;And creatively by two-phase stator winding with electricity 90 ° of phase differences of angle carry out forward direction and are connected in series with the DC voltage for making the output phase complementation of two-phase stator winding, defeated to improve It is smaller to go out voltage and current density, voltage fluctuation, and circuit is relatively simple, is to combine excitation commutation in more detail below Formula modulator approach illustrates that excitation commutation formula is single-phase or multiphase generator.
In a first aspect, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, including stator, rotor, Adjustment of field excitation control unit, shell, end cap and bearing, stator include stator core and stator winding, and rotor turns for excitation type Son, including rotor windings and rotor magnetic pole, rotor windings are Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and rotor magnetic pole is salient pole type magnetic pole or is pawl pole, pawl Extremely claw-like magnetic pole;Rotor windings may be used brush mode or brushless mode and be connected with external adjustment of field excitation control unit It connects.
As shown in figure 3,106 connecting stator winding L1 of adjustment of field excitation control unit, adjustment of field excitation control unit 106 includes using In detection generator unit stator winding output voltage phase " phase detecting circuit " and for control exciting current " excitation electricity Flow direction controlling and output voltage regulation circuit ", which is to be based on a kind of excitation commutation formula modulator approach, as shown in Figure 2:
1. detecting the phase of generator unit stator winding output voltage by adjustment of field excitation control unit, determining for generator is obtained The phase signal of sub- winding output voltage, such as figure step 200;
2. determining that the exciting current direction of rotor is specifically divided into such as figure step 201 according to the phase signal of stator winding:
It is carried by first direction when adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of positive half cycle For exciting current, such as figure step 202,
It is carried by second direction when adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of negative half period For exciting current, such as figure step 203,
The exciting current of second direction is the electric current with the exciting current negative direction of first direction, makes stator winding first The induced electromotive force of positive half cycle is generated under the action of the exciting current in direction and the exciting current of second direction.
Using such excitation commutation method, excitation pole polarity can be changed by changing exciting current direction, make original Negative half period induced electromotive force to export changes into the induced electromotive force of output positive half cycle, defeated to be obtained on stator winding Go out the consistent DC voltage of polarity of voltage.
And:
4. relative position and the power generation of generator amature and stator are calculated according to the voltage signal that stator winding exports Machine rotating speed,
5. the remanent magnetism inversion time parameter determined according to relative position and generator speed and generator magnetic material is come really Determine exciting current commutation opportunity:The induced electromotive force of the positive half cycle of stator winding output is detected in adjustment of field excitation control unit The Ψ electrical angle moment before finish time starts by second direction offer exciting current, Ψ=f (Sp, Nrpm, Thys), In, Sp is the relative position signal of the rotor magnetic pole and stator that are calculated by stator winding phase signal, and Nrpm is power generation Machine tach signal, Thys are the remanent magnetism inversion time that magnetic material determines, f is according to electric generator structure parameter and material parameter It determines that functional relation, Ψ are excitation commutation advance angle by experiment, is moderately changed in advance for the exciting current in institute's Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection To, make generator unit stator winding generate positive half cycle induced electromotive force be mutually connected with previous positive half cycle induced electromotive force, in this way Excitation commutation opportunity can be optimized, so that the forward voltage that generator unit stator winding exports is mutually linked, improves efficiency, reduction or Prevent the stator winding output voltage before and after exciting current commutates from generating reverse phase offseting phenomenon.
Or:
1. detecting the relative position of generator amature and stator by phase detector, obtains power generator rotor magnetic pole and determine The relative position signal of son,
2. the exciting current direction of rotor is determined according to the relative position signal of rotor magnetic pole and stator,
It is carried by first direction when adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of positive half cycle For exciting current,
It is carried by second direction when adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of negative half period For exciting current,
The exciting current of second direction is the electric current with the exciting current negative direction of first direction, makes stator winding first The induced electromotive force of positive half cycle is generated under the action of the exciting current in direction and the exciting current of second direction.
Using such excitation commutation method, may be implemented to change excitation pole polarity by changing exciting current direction, The negative half period induced electromotive force exported originally is set to change into the induced electromotive force of output positive half cycle, to be obtained on stator winding Obtain the consistent DC voltage of output voltage polarity.
And:
4. calculating generator speed signal according to the signal of phase detector, or the voltage exported according to stator winding Generator speed is calculated in signal ripple frequency,
5. the remanent magnetism inversion time determined according to relative position signal and generator speed signal and generator magnetic material Parameter come determine exciting current commutate opportunity:The sense of the positive half cycle of stator winding output is detected in adjustment of field excitation control unit The Ψ electrical angle moment before motional electromotive force finish time start by second direction provide exciting current, Ψ=f (Sp, Nrpm, Thys), wherein Sp is the relative position signal of rotor magnetic pole and stator, and Nrpm is generator speed signal, and Thys is magnetism The remanent magnetism inversion time that material determines, f are to determine functional relation by experiment according to electric generator structure parameter and material parameter, Ψ is excitation commutation advance angle, moderately commutates in advance for the exciting current in institute's Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, generator unit stator winding is made to produce Raw positive half cycle induced electromotive force is mutually connected with previous positive half cycle induced electromotive force, can optimize excitation commutation opportunity in this way, So that the forward voltage that generator unit stator winding exports is mutually linked, improved efficiency, reduce or prevents before and after exciting current commutates Stator winding output voltage generates reverse phase offseting phenomenon.
Its course of work is:
1. detecting the phase of generator unit stator winding L1 output voltages, the phase of the stator winding output voltage of generator is obtained Position signal,
2. the exciting current direction of rotor is determined according to the phase signal of stator winding,
Adjustment of field excitation control unit 106 is also connected with Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L2, is used for
Exciting current is provided by first direction when detecting the positive half cycle induced electromotive force of stator winding output,
Exciting current is provided by second direction when detecting the negative half period induced electromotive force of stator winding output,
The exciting current of second direction is the electric current with the exciting current negative direction of first direction, makes stator winding first The induced electromotive force that positive half cycle is generated under the action of the exciting current in direction and the exciting current of second direction, works as generator Output voltage cuts off exciting current when being more than or equal to setting value, and generator output voltage is made to stablize.It may be implemented to encourage by changing Magnetic current direction changes excitation pole polarity, and the negative half period induced electromotive force exported originally is made to change into the sense of output positive half cycle Electromotive force is answered, to obtain the consistent DC voltage of output voltage polarity on stator winding.
As shown in figure 4, coordinate system horizontal axis indicates that the phase angle of generator amature, ordinate indicate voltage value, solid line in figure 903 expression Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L2 pass to the excitation voltage waveform when exciting current of first direction, are forward voltage;It is fixed during this (attached drawing and explanation only schematically describe the parabolic shape induced electromotive force waveform voltage 900 of sub- winding L1 outputs positive half cycle, also Can be the waveforms such as sine wave, the same below), at the end of the parabolic shape of positive half cycle, that is, near zero-crossing point, by Excitation Adjustment The exciting current commutation for saving the control Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L2 of control unit 106 is the exciting current of second direction, if still adhered to The first exciting current direction originally will obtain (the figure of parabolic shape output voltage waveforms 906 of negative half period on Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L1 Shown in middle dotted line parabolic shape), but make rotor magnetic pole with original polarity on the contrary, therefore stator winding is inducted by commutation excitation Electromotive force is also accordingly with original on the contrary, i.e.:Stator winding output voltage is converted into the parabolic voltage (901) of positive half cycle, when At the end of the parabolic shape of the positive half cycle, that is, near zero-crossing point, by the control Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of adjustment of field excitation control unit 106 The exciting current of L2 commutates the exciting current (905) for first direction again, and stator winding output voltage is made still to export just half The parabolic voltage (902) in week.Figure acceptance of the bid shows the corresponding phase electrical angle of rotor magnetic pole, becomes every 180 ° of electrical angles Change an exciting current direction, it is ensured that generator unit stator winding exports the DC pulse moving voltage of positive half cycle, it should be noted that The electrical angle marked in figure is the conventional engines work period with the output alternating current of original non-commutation excitation for same base Accurate, this is the generator unit stator after actual commutation for the ease of being compared and describing with conventional engines and understand The period of change of the pulsating volage waveform of winding output has halved as π, and frequency is also become original 2 times, is convenient for based on above-mentioned The reason of understanding and describing, this specification continues to use the horizontal axis scale merit of original conventional electric generators, the same below.
The stator brushless of diode-less (or silicon-controlled equal rectifying devices) rectification is realized only by excitation commutation in this way The dc generator of output makes generator fever significantly subtract due to eliminating rectifier diode this main heater element Less, simple in structure, efficiency raising, reliability raising, cost reduction, generator dynamic internal resistance reduce, and response improves, output Ability enhances, and driving current increases, and the anti-overload ability of generator improves, and power supply quality improves.
In addition, distribution formula power supply management system convenient to carry out, powers (Hot all the time) when for needing long Circuit unit or circuit branch can be connected to vehicle battery positive terminal, and for just there is power supply when engine is run The system of demand can be connected directly between the direct output end of stator winding of the generator without isolating diode, equally can be with Improve power supply efficiency and power supply quality.
The present embodiment be the output voltage waveforms to export sine wave or approximate sine wave generator for illustrate this reality With novel, rotor magnetic pole can also use the magnetic pole of non-pawl pole form, can also equally apply commutation exciting method to obtain straight Flow voltage output.
The present embodiment is only illustrated with regard to single-phase excitation commutation formula generator work with circuit analysis, so it is easy to understand that ability Field technique personnel can obtain the generator of various commutation excitations according to above-mentioned utility model thinking, and two poles are not necessarily to realize " self-rectifying formula " dc generator of pipe rectification, can also be combined into multi-phase excitation commutation type generator by split-phase method, To improve generator fan-out capability, reduce output voltage fluctuation.
Embodiment further provides a kind of excitation commutation formula generators for the utility model, as shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6, including two Phase stator and two-phase rotor, two-phase stator are A phases stator and B phase stators, and wherein A phases stator includes A phases stator core and A phases Stator winding L5, B phase stator includes B phases stator core and B phase stator winding L6, and two-phase rotor is A phases rotor and B phase rotors, Wherein A phases rotor include A phases rotor magnetic pole and A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L7, B phase rotors include B phases rotor magnetic pole and B phases excitation around Group L8, two-phase rotor windings may be used brush mode or brushless mode and are connected with external adjustment of field excitation control unit 109 It connecing, 109 inside of adjustment of field excitation control unit includes that phase detecting circuit 1 is used to detect B phase stator winding L6 output voltage phases, And signal is delivered to exciting current direction controlling and removes control B phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L8 electric currents with output voltage regulation circuit 1, also wrap It includes phase detecting circuit 2 and is delivered to the control of exciting current direction for detecting A phase stator winding L5 output voltage phases, and by signal System removes control A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L7 electric currents with output voltage regulation circuit 2, cuts off two when output voltage reaches setting value and encourages Magnetic winding current, to realize the stabilization of output voltage;The stator and rotor of above-mentioned two phase can take axial phase Mode (the same below).
With the electrical angle needed for one generated on each stator winding complete positive half cycle induced electromotive force for π,
As A phase stator winding L5 in a first direction exciting current when excitation voltage waveform be 903, A phase stator winding L5 Export parabolic shape 900, for another example B phases stator winding L6 in a first direction exciting current when excitation voltage waveform be 915, B phases calmly The electrical angle of the parabolic shape 912 of sub- winding L6 outputs is π;
If excitation voltage waveforms of the A phase stator winding L5 in second direction exciting current is 904, A phase stator winding L5 The parabolic shape 901 of output, for another example excitation voltage waveforms of the B phases stator winding L6 in second direction exciting current is 914, B phases The electrical angle of the parabolic shape 911 of stator winding L6 outputs is π:
1. when A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase rotor magnetic poles are the structure of alignment thereof, make A phases magnetic pole of the stator and B phase stators Circumferentially rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2+k π electrical angles, wherein k ∈ integers magnetic pole,
2. when A phases magnetic pole of the stator and B phase magnetic pole of the stator are the structure of alignment thereof, make A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase rotors Circumferentially rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2+k π electrical angles, wherein k ∈ integers magnetic pole,
3. on rotation round direction, when the alternate magnetic pole of the stator of A, B two-phase is staggered certain geometry on rotation round direction Angle Θ, the corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle Θ are δ, and rotor magnetic pole is staggered certain geometry angle on rotation round direction α is spent, the corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle α is β;And electrical angle α and electrical angle β is made to meet formula:β-δ=k π+t, wherein K ∈ integers, t are the electrical angle pi/2 corresponding to alternate phase difference;
A phase stator winding L5 and B phase stator winding L6 is connected in series with, and makes A phase stator winding L5 and B phase stator winding L6 Induced electromotive force be Downward addition output, from it is above-mentioned 1. 2. 3.:A, the alternate magnetic pole of the stator of B two-phases is in rotation round The electrical angle being staggered on direction is pi/2+k π, is equivalent to 90 ° of (being indicated Ji Wei pi/2 with the radian) electrical angles that are staggered, as shown in Fig. 7, A phase stator winding output voltages and B phase stator winding output voltage waveforms differ 90 ° of electrical angles, when two-phase is connected in series with to obtain The voltage value of amplification, it 921 is B phase stator winding output voltage waveforms 910 to cross as shown in Fig. 7 figure below, in figure, empty in figure Line 922 be A phase stator winding output voltage waveforms 900, and so on, 920 in generator output end obtains figure shown in Pulsating waveform DC voltage.
Such as by taking sine wave as an example, A phase stator winding output voltages EAFunctional relation be
EA=nEm| sin (ω t+ φ) |,
B phase stator winding output voltages EBFunctional relation be
EB=nEm| cos (ω t+ φ) |,
A, the voltage E after B two-phases stator winding overlapped in seriesBAFor
EBA=nEm|sin(ωt+φ)|+nEm| cos (ω t+ φ) |=√ 2nEm| sin (+π/4 ω t+ φ) |,
Wherein:N is phase stator winding circle, and Em is phase output voltage maximum value, and ω is rotor velocity, and φ grinds for rotor Study carefully the first phase of object conductor.
Therefore the peak value of the pulsating volage direct current of its output is 2 times of the √ of a wherein phase (A phases or B phases) peak value, pulsation Frequency is single-phase 2 times, is 4 times of traditional excitation single-phase stator winding ac output frequency, voltage waveform such as figure medium wave peak Shown in line 920.
As shown in fig. 6, the top of Fig. 6 is the voltage waveform of A phase stator winding L5 and A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L7, in Fig. 6 Portion is the voltage waveform of B phase stator winding L6 and B phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L8, and the lower part of Fig. 6 is A phase stator winding L5 and B phase stators The Rectified alternating current corrugating exported after winding L6 overlapped in series, by three width figures alignment phase angle ordinate under display with Convenient for comparing and understanding the building-up process of generator excitation commutation and stator winding parabolic shape.
The utility model embodiment further provides a kind of concatenated excitation of two-phase stator winding with isolating diode Commutation type generator, as shown in fig. 7, being its circuit diagram, generator and circuit basic structure and shown in Fig. 5 basic one It causes, except that being that cathode output end is in series with isolating diode D10, isolating diode in concatenated two stator winding The left side of D10 is used to connect the electrical equipment powered after power generation, and can connect accumulator etc. on the right side of isolating diode D10 often has Electric installation, isolating diode D10 flow only through the current drain of the power devices such as accumulator charging, and the electricity consumption powered after generating electricity The power supply of equipment is directly connected to the cathode output end of stator winding, in this way, carrying out the hair of full-wave rectification with more diodes of tradition Motor is compared, and efficiency significantly improves, generator fever is reduced, reliability improves, and volume can also suitably reduce.
Embodiment further provides another excitation commutation formula generators for the utility model, as shown in figure 8,
Including two-phase stator and two-phase rotor, two-phase stator is A phases stator and B phase stators, and wherein A phases stator includes A phases Stator core and A phase stator winding L13, B phase stators include B phases stator core and B phase stator winding L14, and two-phase rotor is A Phase rotor and B phase rotors, wherein A phases rotor include A phases rotor magnetic pole and A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L15, B phase rotors include that B phases turn Brush mode or brushless mode and external adjustment of field excitation control may be used in sub- magnetic pole and B phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L16, rotor windings Unit 123 processed is connected, and 123 inside of adjustment of field excitation control unit includes phase detecting circuit 1 for detecting B phase stator winding L14 output voltage phases, and signal is delivered to exciting current direction controlling and goes control B phases to encourage with output voltage regulation circuit 1 Magnetic winding L16 electric currents further include phase detecting circuit 2 for detecting A phase stator winding L13 output voltage phases, and by signal It is delivered to exciting current direction controlling and removes control A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L15 electric currents with output voltage regulation circuit 2, work as output voltage Two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection electric currents are cut off when reaching setting value, to realize the stabilization of output voltage.
With the electrical angle needed for one generated on each stator winding complete positive half cycle induced electromotive force for π, 1. When A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase rotor magnetic poles are the structure of alignment thereof, making A phases stator and B phases stator, circumferentially rotor revolves Turn circumferencial direction to be staggered pi/2 electrical angle,
2. when the magnetic pole of A phases stator and B phase stators is the structure of alignment thereof, make A phases rotor and B phases rotor circumferentially Rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2 electrical angle,
3. on rotation round direction, the alternate magnetic pole of the stator of A, B two-phase is staggered certain geometry angle on rotation round direction Spend Θ, the corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle Θ is δ, and rotor magnetic pole is staggered certain geometric angle on rotation round direction The corresponding electrical angle of α, certain geometric angle α is β;And electrical angle α and electrical angle β is made to meet formula:β-δ=k π+t, wherein k ∈ integers, t are the electrical angle pi/2 corresponding to alternate phase difference;
A phase stator winding L13 output ends are by isolating diode D30 and B phase stator winding L14 output ends by isolation two Pole pipe D20 is connected in parallel, and the another end of A phase stator winding L13 and B phase stator winding L14 is directly connected to (can be used as system earth Line), and keep the induced electromotive force phase cross-over (k π+pi/2 electrical angle) of A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding in parallel defeated in the same direction Go out.
As shown in figure 9, left figure is induced electromotive force phase cross-over (the k π+pi/2 electricity of A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding Angle) in the same direction Parallel opertation voltage waveform view, peak value is equal with single-phase (such as A phases or B phases) peak value, such as peak in figure It is worth shown in wavy line 930, but Parallel opertation makes current density increase;Right figure be another kind A phases stator winding and B phases stator around The voltage superposition waveform diagram of induced electromotive force phase cross-over (k π+pi/2 electrical angle) the series connection output of group, is used for and left figure It does to compare, in sine wave generator, the output voltage peak value of this type is 2 times of the √ of single-phase peak value, such as peak value in figure Shown in wavy line 940.
Second aspect, the utility model embodiment provide a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, as shown in Figure 10, including Stator, rotor, adjustment of field excitation control unit 108, phase detector, shell, end cap and bearing, stator include stator core and Stator winding L3, rotor are excitation type rotor, including rotor windings L4 and rotor magnetic pole, and rotor windings L4 is Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, is turned Sub- magnetic pole is salient pole type magnetic pole or is pawl pole, and pawl pole is claw-like magnetic pole;Brush mode or brushless mode has may be used in rotor windings It is connect with external adjustment of field excitation control unit phase 108, adjustment of field excitation control unit 108 includes for detecting generator unit stator " phase detecting circuit " of winding output voltage phase and for control exciting current " exciting current direction controlling with output Voltage regulator circuit ".
Phase detector is mountable on stator or is installed on the shell of generator, phase detector also with adjustment of field excitation Control unit connects, and is used for
1. detecting the relative position of generator amature and stator by phase detector, obtains power generator rotor magnetic pole and determine The relative position signal of son,
2. the exciting current direction of rotor is determined according to the relative position signal of rotor magnetic pole and stator,
Adjustment of field excitation control unit 108 is also connected with Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L4, is used for
When adjustment of field excitation control unit 108 detects that stator winding L3 exports the induced electromotive force of positive half cycle by first party To provide exciting current,
When adjustment of field excitation control unit 108 detects that stator winding L3 exports the induced electromotive force of negative half period by second party To provide exciting current,
The exciting current of second direction is the electric current with the exciting current negative direction of first direction, makes stator winding first The induced electromotive force of positive half cycle is generated under the action of the exciting current in direction and the exciting current of second direction.
According to above-mentioned mentality of designing, the utility model additionally provides a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, such as Figure 11 and figure Shown in 12,1 phase rotor windings of generator include two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, are the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L32 and the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L33, the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are around on the contrary, wherein the beginning C1 of the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L32, tail end T1;The Beginning T2, the tail end C2 of two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L32, adjustment of field excitation control unit 126 are connect with stator winding, also with two excitations Winding connects, and adjustment of field excitation control unit 126 includes " the phase inspection for detecting generator unit stator winding output voltage phase Slowdown monitoring circuit " and " exciting current direction controlling and output voltage regulation circuit " for controlling exciting current.
When the electric current of the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L32 flows to beginning C1 from tail end T1 the polarity Yu the second excitation of rotor magnetic pole around The polarity of rotor magnetic pole for an Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection wherein on the contrary, connect when the electric current of group L33 flows to tail end C2 from beginning T2 So that stator winding L31 is exported positive half cycle induced electromotive force when C1 → T1 exciting currents, C2 → T2 is connected in another Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection Rotor magnetic pole polarity, which is exchanged, when exciting current makes stator winding L31 still export positive half cycle induced electromotive force;
Or first the tail end T1 of Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L32 connect with the beginning T2 of the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection L31, as the first excitation around Coil tap T1T2 between the beginning C1 and the tail end C2 of the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of group, when the electric current of the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is from pumping Turn when the electric current of the polarity and the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection of rotor magnetic pole flows to tail end C2 from tap T1T2 when head T1T2 flows to beginning C1 The polarity of sub- magnetic pole when an Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection connects T1T2 → C1 exciting currents wherein on the contrary, for keeping stator winding L31 defeated Go out positive half cycle induced electromotive force, rotor magnetic pole polarity is exchanged and made when another Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection connects T1T2 → C2 exciting currents Stator winding L31 still exports positive half cycle induced electromotive force;Brush mode or brushless mode and outside may be used in rotor windings Adjustment of field excitation control unit is connected, and this excitation control circuit can make " exciting current direction controlling and output voltage adjusting electricity The final stage output circuit on road " becomes relatively simple, can be controlled only with single tube power.
The embodiment of above-mentioned the utility model is merely to illustrate the utility model, is not the limit for the utility model System, the various variants and modifications that those skilled in the art are made in the range of not departing from the invention thinking of the utility model, Such variants and modifications are each fallen within the scope of the claim restriction of the utility model.

Claims (5)

1. a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, it is characterised in that including stator, rotor, adjustment of field excitation control unit, shell, end cap And bearing, the stator include stator core and stator winding, the rotor is excitation type rotor, including rotor magnetic pole and rotor Winding, the rotor windings are Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and the rotor magnetic pole is salient pole type magnetic pole or is pawl pole, and the pawl pole is claw-like magnetic Pole;
The adjustment of field excitation control unit connects the stator winding, is used for
1. detecting the phase of generator unit stator winding output voltage, the phase letter of the stator winding output voltage of generator is obtained Number,
2. the exciting current direction of the rotor is determined according to the phase signal of the stator winding,
The adjustment of field excitation control unit is also connected with the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, is used for
Exciting current is provided by first direction when detecting the positive half cycle induced electromotive force of the stator winding output,
Exciting current is provided by second direction when detecting the negative half period induced electromotive force of the stator winding output,
The exciting current of the second direction is electric current with the exciting current negative direction of the first direction, make the stator around Group generates inducting for positive half cycle under the action of the exciting current of the first direction and the exciting current of the second direction Electromotive force.
2. a kind of excitation commutation formula generator as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the motor include two-phase stator and Two-phase rotor, the two-phase stator are A phases stator and B phase stators, wherein A phases stator include A phases stator core and A phases stator around Group, B phase stators include B phases stator core and B phase stator winding, and the two-phase rotor is A phases rotor and B phase rotors, wherein A phases Rotor includes A phases rotor magnetic pole and A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and B phase rotors include B phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection,
With the electrical angle needed for one generated on each stator winding complete positive half cycle induced electromotive force for π:
1. when the A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase rotor magnetic poles are the structure of alignment thereof, make the A phases magnetic pole of the stator and B phases Circumferentially rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2+k π electrical angles, wherein k ∈ integers magnetic pole of the stator,
2. when the A phases magnetic pole of the stator and B phase magnetic pole of the stator are the structure of alignment thereof, make the A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phases Circumferentially rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2+k π electrical angles, wherein k ∈ integers rotor magnetic pole,
3. on rotation round direction, when the alternate magnetic pole of the stator of A, B two-phase is staggered certain geometric angle on rotation round direction The corresponding electrical angle of Θ, certain geometric angle Θ is δ, and rotor magnetic pole is staggered certain geometric angle on rotation round direction The corresponding electrical angle of α, certain geometric angle α is β;And electrical angle α and electrical angle β is made to meet formula:β-δ=k π+t, Middle k ∈ integers, t are the electrical angle pi/2 corresponding to alternate phase difference;
The A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding are connected in series with, and make the sense of the A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding Motional electromotive force is Downward addition output.
3. a kind of excitation commutation formula generator as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the motor include two-phase stator and Two-phase rotor, the two-phase stator are A phases stator and B phase stators, wherein A phases stator include A phases stator core and A phases stator around Group, B phase stators include B phases stator core and B phase stator winding, and the two-phase rotor is A phases rotor and B phase rotors, wherein A phases Rotor includes A phases rotor magnetic pole and A phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and B phase rotors include B phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection,
With the electrical angle needed for one generated on each stator winding complete positive half cycle induced electromotive force for π, 1. in institute When stating the structure of A phases rotor magnetic pole and B phase rotor magnetic poles for alignment thereof, make the A phases stator and B phases stator circumferentially rotor Rotation round direction is staggered pi/2 electrical angle,
2. when the magnetic pole of the A phases stator and B phase stators is the structure of alignment thereof, make the A phases rotor and B phase rotors edge Circumference rotor rotation round direction is staggered pi/2 electrical angle,
3. on rotation round direction, the alternate magnetic pole of the stator of A, B two-phase is staggered certain geometric angle Θ on rotation round direction, The corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle Θ is δ, and rotor magnetic pole is staggered certain geometric angle α on rotation round direction, The corresponding electrical angle of certain geometric angle α is β;And electrical angle α and electrical angle β is made to meet formula:β-δ=k π+t, wherein k ∈ integers, t are the electrical angle pi/2 corresponding to alternate phase difference;
The A phases stator winding output end is in parallel by isolating diode by isolating diode and B phase stator winding output ends Connection, and keep induced electromotive force phase cross-over k π+pi/2 electrical angle of the A phases stator winding and B phase stator winding in parallel in the same direction Output.
4. a kind of excitation commutation formula generator, it is characterised in that including stator, rotor, adjustment of field excitation control unit, phase sensing Device, shell, end cap and bearing, the stator include stator core and stator winding, and the rotor is excitation type rotor, including is turned Sub- magnetic pole and rotor windings, the rotor windings are Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and the rotor magnetic pole is salient pole type magnetic pole or is pawl pole, described Pawl pole is claw-like magnetic pole;
The phase detector is installed on the stator or is installed on the shell of generator, the phase detector also with institute The connection of adjustment of field excitation control unit is stated, is used for
1. detecting the relative position of generator amature and stator by the phase detector, obtains power generator rotor magnetic pole and determine The relative position signal of son,
2. the exciting current direction of the rotor is determined according to the relative position signal of the rotor magnetic pole and stator,
The adjustment of field excitation control unit is also connected with the Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, is used for
When the adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that the stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of positive half cycle by first party To provide exciting current,
When the adjustment of field excitation control unit detects that the stator winding exports the induced electromotive force of negative half period by second party To provide exciting current,
The exciting current of the second direction is electric current with the exciting current negative direction of the first direction, make the stator around Group generates inducting for positive half cycle under the action of the exciting current of the first direction and the exciting current of the second direction Electromotive force.
5. excitation commutation formula generator according to any one of claim 1 to 4, which is characterized in that the 1 of the generator Phase rotor windings include two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, and described two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, institute State the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection around on the contrary, wherein the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection beginning C1, tail end T1;Second Beginning T2, the tail end C2 of Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, described two Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection are connect with adjustment of field excitation control unit;
The polarity of rotor magnetic pole and second excitation when the electric current of first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection flows to tail end T1 from beginning C1 The polarity of rotor magnetic pole for an Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection wherein on the contrary, connect C1 when the electric current of winding flows to beginning T2 from tail end C2 Make the stator winding output positive half cycle induced electromotive force when → T1 exciting currents, connects C2 → T2 in another Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection and encourage The rotor magnetic pole polarity, which is exchanged, when magnetoelectricity stream makes the stator winding still export positive half cycle induced electromotive force;
Or the tail end T1 of first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is connect with the beginning T2 of the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, the beginning as the first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection The coil tap T1T2 between the C1 and tail end C2 of the second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is held, when the electric current of first Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection is from tap When the polarity of rotor magnetic pole and the electric current of second Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection flow to tail end C2 from tap T1T2 when T1T2 flows to beginning C1 The polarity of rotor magnetic pole when an Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection connects T1T2 → C1 exciting currents wherein on the contrary, for making the stator winding Positive half cycle induced electromotive force is exported, the rotor magnetic pole polarity pair when another Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection connects T1T2 → C2 exciting currents Tune makes the stator winding still export positive half cycle induced electromotive force.
CN201721474137.6U 2016-11-29 2017-11-08 Excitation commutation formula generator Expired - Fee Related CN207819803U (en)

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