CN205986383U - Latent utmost point is brushless mixed excitation generator of rotor side by side - Google Patents

Latent utmost point is brushless mixed excitation generator of rotor side by side Download PDF

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Publication number
CN205986383U
CN205986383U CN201620250437.5U CN201620250437U CN205986383U CN 205986383 U CN205986383 U CN 205986383U CN 201620250437 U CN201620250437 U CN 201620250437U CN 205986383 U CN205986383 U CN 205986383U
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China
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rotor
electrical excitation
brushless
excitation
stator
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宫海龙
张春莉
张艳竹
王亮
孙玉田
胡刚
李明哲
王立芳
宋敏慧
栾庆伟
秦光宇
胡丽杰
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Harbin Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Harbin Electric Machinery Co Ltd
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Abstract

The utility model discloses a latent utmost point is brushless mixed excitation generator of rotor side by side. Permanent magnet rotor, electric excitation rotor are latent utmost point form, exchange brushless exciter and circular cowling and place respectively in the rotor both ends. Permanent magnet rotor adopts array magnet structure, and the pivot is adopted and is led magnetic material, is favorable to improving air -gap flux density, set up specific support group spare at electric excitation rotor with the winding overhang who exchanges the brushless exciter rotor to guarantee the reliability of tip ligature, the permanent magnet retaining ring adopts non -metallic material, can reduce eddy current loss, stator core between the permanent magnetism subtotal electricity excitation part adopts the non - to lead magnetic material, can eliminate the rotor axial force to reduce the stator leakage reactance. The utility model provides a latent utmost point is brushless mixed excitation generator of rotor side by side structure, space that can the make full use of motor more is suitable for high -speed operation, is favorable to improving the power density and the reliability of motor.

Description

Non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator
Technical field
The utility model is related to a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator.
Background technology
Magneto has obtained quite widely studying and applying in recent years, but because its air-gap field is difficult to adjust, is used as During generator, its output voltage of change with load changes therewith it is impossible to realize voltage stabilizing output.For making magneto possess one Fixed voltage regulation capability, scholars in succession propose different structure, that magneto is combined with electro-magnetic motor is mixed Close excitation electromotor.Mixed excitation electric machine has had magneto high efficiency, the advantage of high power density and electro-magnetic motor voltage concurrently The ability adjusting, gets the attention in the occasion such as new energy field and naval vessel, aviation.Particularly mixed at high speed excitation generates electricity Machine, due to small volume, lightweight, it has also become an important development direction of high power density mixed excitation electric machine.
In these mixed excitation electric machine structures, the p-m rotor mixed excitation electric machine arranged side by side with electrical excitation rotor coaxial is One of the simplest version, does not have additional air gap, electrical excitation adjusts magnetic flux and directly acts on armature winding, voltage is adjusted Energy-conservation power is stronger.The parallel rotor structure mixed excitation electric machine proposing as United States Patent (USP) US5502368, its p-m rotor, electricity are encouraged Magnet rotor is coaxially arranged side by side, is salient-pole structure, electrical excitation rotor is powered by brush, slip ring;Chinese patent CN201466928U carries The parallel rotor structure mixed excitation electric machine going out, its p-m rotor is array magnet structure, and this structure is by the different direction of magnetizations Permanent magnet arranges in a certain order, can obtain higher air-gap field intensity.Using stainless outside this motor permanent magnetic rotor Steel sheath, rotating shaft is non-permeable material, and its electrical excitation rotor is powered using carbon brush, slip ring;Chinese patent CN101572464B The parallel rotor composite excitation synchronous motor proposing, p-m rotor equally adopts array magnet structure, and permanent magnet is pasted onto non-leading On magnet rotor, and it is protected by using protective metal shell, electrical excitation rotor is claw-pole structure, is powered using brush and slip ring.
Above-mentioned parallel rotor structure hybrid excitation generator, although employing the coaxial parallel construction of no additional air gap, has Beneficial to improve air-gap field regulating power, but field spider, carry slip ring and brush structure, reduce the reliability of high-speed cruising Property.And, permanent magnet is pasted onto on non-magnetic rotor, it will lead to rotor yoke magnetic resistance to increase, so that air gap flux density is reduced, instead And be unfavorable for improving motor performance.Additionally, the protective metal shell such as stainless steel also can produce larger eddy-current loss in high-speed cruising, May result in rotor heating.
Summary is described, existing parallel rotor composite excitation electric generator structure be used for during high-speed cruising also there are disadvantages that.
Content of the invention
The utility model provides a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator so as to meet high-speed cruising Reliability requirement, and effectively improve the power density of motor.
The utility model be employed technical scheme comprise that:
A kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator, its brushless excitation machine rotor (2), p-m rotor (10), electrical excitation rotor (13), collector ring (15) arranged in co-axial alignment and be sleeved in rotating shaft (1);P-m rotor (10) is using every The array magnet structure of 4 magnets in pole, the permanent magnet of 16 different direction of magnetizations is arranged in order so that adjacent permanent magnet The direction of magnetization differs 22.5 °, in the upper axially position step (101) that arranges of rotating shaft (1) it is ensured that permanent magnet is accurately positioned and prevents week To vibration;Electrical excitation rotor (13) adopts non-salient pole structure, and rotor slot number is 24/40 with the ratio of the rotor number of divisions, turns in electrical excitation Sub (13) inner circle setting keyway (131), is coupled with rotating shaft (1) by flat key, and electrical excitation rotor (13) adopts step trough 132, with Place more Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, improve voltage regulation capability;P-m rotor (10) shares a set of stator with electrical excitation rotor (13) Winding A (6), and the d-axis inregister of p-m rotor (10) and electrical excitation rotor (13);Using carbon fibre material, right respectively Cylindrical, the electrical excitation rotor winding end (18) of p-m rotor (10) and brushless exciter rotor winding end (23) are twined Form p-m rotor retaining ring (8), electrical excitation rotor end bell (14) and brushless exciter rotor end bell after colligation, solidification (24), with fixed permanent magnet, electrical excitation rotor winding end and brushless exciter rotor winding end;In rotating shaft (1), it is located at Space suit stainless steel support component A (19) between electrical excitation rotor (13) and collector ring (15), positioned at p-m rotor (10) Space suit stainless steel support component B (20), support component A (19) and support component B and electrical excitation rotor (13) between (20) on the one hand it is used for laying electrical excitation rotor winding end (18), be on the other hand used as propping up of electrical excitation rotor end bell (14) Support;Insulating supporting ring (22) is placed between the end of brushless exciter rotor windings (23) and rotating shaft (1);Rotating shaft (1) adopts Magnetic conductive material simultaneously opens up through hole at rotating shaft (1) center, place in this through hole brushless exciter rotor windings lead-out wire (21) and Electrical excitation rotor windings lead-out wire (17).
A kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator, its stator core is divided into three sections, that is, forever vertically Magnetic part stator core (7), electrical excitation partial stator iron core (12) and mid portion stator core (11), wherein mid portion Stator core (11) adopts non-magnet material;This three sections of stator cores have identical lamination structure size, permanent magnet stator Unshakable in one's determination (7) are identical with the axial length of p-m rotor (10), electrical excitation partial stator iron core (12) and electrical excitation rotor (13) Axial length is identical;Stator winding A (6) is three-phase alternating current winding, and out frame A (9) adopts water-cooling pattern.
A kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator, using AC excitation mode, brushless exciter turns Son iron core (2) and collector ring (15) are placed in rotating shaft (1) two ends, the stator core (3) of brushless exciter, rotor core respectively (2) all made using low-loss silicon steel sheet that laminates, the stator winding B (25) of brushless exciter and rotor windings (23) all adopt Three-phase alternating current winding, brushless exciter out frame B (5) is arranged on generator's cover (4) by seam cooperation, and by end The upper uniform bolt of lid (4) fastens further, and out frame B (5) adopts stainless steel material, the stator of brushless exciter during operation Winding B (25) is passed through three-phase negative/positive voltage, and this voltage is provided by stator winding A (6), constitutes self-excitation mode, without externally fed Power supply;Rotary rectifier module (16) is fastened by bolts on collector ring (15), and the rotor windings of alternating-current brushless exciter are drawn Line (21) is connected with the AC input terminal of rotary rectifier module (16), and electrical excitation rotor windings lead-out wire (17) is whole with rotation The DC output terminal of flow module (16) is connected.
The utility model proposes parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator basic functional principle as follows:Dragged by prime mover Dynamic brushless hybrid excitation generator induces exchange to specified running speed, now p-m rotor (10) in stator winding A (6) Its phase sequence is changed into negative phase-sequence after voltage adjusting device by voltage.This negative sequence voltage supply brushless exciter stator winding B (25), Make the direction of rotation of brushless excitation machine rotor contrary all the time with the direction of brushless excitation machine stator synchronous field, thus at any turn The lower brushless exciter rotor windings (23) of speed all can induce alternating voltage.The sensing that brushless exciter rotor windings (23) produce Voltage is changed into DC voltage after rotary rectifier module (16), thus realizing the DC excitation of electrical excitation rotor (13).When negative Carry access after, can according to the voltage change situation of stator winding A (6), adjust brushless exciter stator winding B (25) with stator around Voltage adjusting device between group A (6), changes the input voltage size of brushless exciter stator winding B (25), thus realizing mixed Close the voltage stabilizing output of excitation generator.
The utility model has following beneficial features:
(1) p-m rotor, electrical excitation rotor are non-salient pole structure, and electrical excitation rotor field coil is by brushless exciter, rotation Turn fairing to power, due to brushless, slip ring, make rotor be more suitable for high-speed cruising, and improve reliability.And, it is brushless Exciter rotor and rotary rectification device are placed in two ends of rotor respectively, take full advantage of the end space of motor, are conducive to dropping The axial dimension of low motor.
(2) rotating shaft adopts magnetic conductive material, compared with non-permeable material, air gap flux density can be greatly improved, be conducive to carrying High power of motor density, is shown in Fig. 8.The end of p-m rotor retaining ring, electrical excitation rotor windings and brushless exciter rotor windings Retaining ring adopts nonmetallic materials to make, and can reduce the eddy-current loss on rotor, is conducive to reducing rotor heating.
(3) stator core between permanent magnet and electrical excitation part, is overrided to form using non-permeable material, with stator Iron core is all compared using silicon steel material, can eliminate and cause because of p-m rotor, electrical excitation rotor tip air-gap flux difference Axial force, and reduce stator leakage reactance.
(4) adopt stainless steel support component in electrical excitation rotor winding end, adopt in brushless exciter rotor winding end Use insulating supporting ring, both supporting construction one side are used for placing rotor winding end, be on the other hand used as rotor windings end The effective support of portion's retaining ring, can improve the reliability of rotor winding end retaining ring colligation.
(5) p-m rotor adopts the array magnet structure of 4 magnets in every pole, so that the direction of magnetization of adjacent permanent magnet is differed 22.5 °, the rotor slot number that electrical excitation rotor adopts and the rotor number of divisions are 24/40.By this design, two rotors are made to produce Potential harmonic wave cancel each other, from without using skewed slot measure so that it may obtain the good voltage waveform of sine degree, as Fig. 9 institute The no-load back electromotive force synthetic waveform of the 36 groove 4 pole motor showing.
(6) adopt alternating-current brushless exciter, its excitation voltage is provided by the stator winding of generator, constitutes self-excitation mode, Without externally fed power supply.Its stator winding external three-phase negative/positive voltage under normal circumstances, in particular cases also can be by wherein two It is passed through direct current, the brushless exciter constituting DC excitation is so as to can adapt to more operating conditions after the parallel connection of phase lead-out wire.
In above-mentioned relevant feature of the present utility model, electrical excitation rotor magnetic pole adopts magnetic conductivity using non-salient pole structure, rotating shaft Material, p-m rotor sheath adopt the nonmetallic materials such as carbon fiber, electrical excitation winding using the brushless power supply mode of self-excitation and Cancel out each other using harmonic wave to improve output waveform quality, all with the patent feature of existing parallel rotor composite excitation motor not With.These improve make the utility model proposes parallel rotor composite excitation generator be more suitable for high-speed cruising, have higher Power density, meet and improve rotor structure reliability during high speed operation of motor, reduce the related needs such as rotor loss.And And, alternating-current brushless exciter and rotary rectification device are arranged in the two ends of machine shaft, effectively increase motor space profit With rate.
In actual applications, voltage, by the appropriate design of electric machine structure, can be improved further according to operating condition demand Regulating power, such as makes stator current from 0~INFull load excursion can realize voltage stabilizing output.Therefore, this practicality is new Type has important using value for the field that load change is big, voltage stabilizing has high demands, such as naval vessel, aviation electric power system etc..This Outward, if the utility model is applied to electric drive field, if the motor of electric automobile is it is also possible to be opened up by adjusting excitation The speed adjustable range of wide motor, thus reduce the requirement to frequency converter weak magnetic ability.
Brief description
Fig. 1 non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation electric generator structure figure;
Fig. 2 permanent magnet rotor sectional view;
Fig. 3 electrical excitation part rotor sectional view;
Fig. 4 electrical excitation rotor winding end support component installation diagram;
Fig. 5 electrical excitation rotor winding end support component profile;
Fig. 6 alternating-current brushless exciter rotor sectional view;
Fig. 7 rotary rectification device structure chart;
The p-m rotor radial air gap magnetic of Fig. 8 difference rotating shaft material is close;
The no-load back electromotive force of Fig. 9 permanent magnet, electrical excitation part and synthesis.
Specific embodiment:
Below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings the technical solution of the utility model is described in detail.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator, its brushless excitation machine rotor 2, forever Magnet rotor 10, electrical excitation rotor 13, collector ring 15 arranged in co-axial alignment and be sleeved in rotating shaft 1.The section of p-m rotor 10 such as Fig. 2 Shown, p-m rotor 10 adopts the array magnet structure of 4 magnets in every pole, by the permanent magnet of 16 different direction of magnetizations in order Arrangement is so that the direction of magnetization of adjacent permanent magnet differs 22.5 °;In rotating shaft 1, setting axially position step 101 is it is ensured that permanent magnetism Body is accurately positioned and prevents circumferential vibration.Electrical excitation rotor section, as shown in figure 3, electrical excitation rotor 13 adopts non-salient pole structure, turns Pilot trench number is 24/40 with the ratio of the rotor number of divisions, arranges keyway 131 in the inner circle of electrical excitation rotor 13, by flat key and rotating shaft 1 Connection, electrical excitation rotor 13 adopts step trough 132, to place more Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, improves voltage regulation capability.P-m rotor 10 share a set of stator winding A6 with electrical excitation rotor 13, and p-m rotor 10 and electrical excitation rotor 13 d-axis inregister. As shown in figure 1, adopting carbon fibre material, cylindrical, the electrical excitation rotor winding end 18 to p-m rotor 10 and brushless respectively Exciter rotor winding overhang 23 is wound colligation, after solidification formed p-m rotor retaining ring 8, electrical excitation rotor end bell 14 and Brushless exciter rotor end bell 24, with fixed permanent magnet, electrical excitation rotor winding end and brushless exciter rotor winding end; In rotating shaft 1, the space between electrical excitation rotor 13 and collector ring 15 is set with stainless steel support component A19, positioned at permanent magnetism Space suit stainless steel support component B20, support component A19 and support component B20 between rotor 10 and electrical excitation rotor 13 On the one hand it is used for laying electrical excitation rotor winding end 18, be on the other hand used as the support of electrical excitation rotor end bell 14;Brushless Insulating supporting ring 22 is placed between the end of exciter rotor winding 23 and rotating shaft 1;Rotating shaft 1 adopts magnetic conductive material and in rotating shaft 1 center opens up through hole, places brushless exciter rotor windings lead-out wire 21 and electrical excitation rotor windings lead-out wire 17 in this through hole.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, support component 20 by support member 201, support member 202, support member 203, support member 204 with And support member 205 is assembled.Support member 201, support member 202, support member 203, support member 204 are used for supporting electrical excitation rotor Retaining ring 14, support member 205 is circular, for supporting electrical excitation winding overhang 18.Stainless steel support component A19 and stainless steel prop up Support component B20 general structure is similar, but will reserve corresponding space for the arrangement of interpolar connection, lead-out wire.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator, its stator core is divided into vertically Three sections, that is, permanent magnet stator core 7, electrical excitation partial stator unshakable in one's determination 12 and mid portion stator core 11, wherein middle Partial stator iron core 11 adopts non-magnet material;This three sections of stator cores have identical lamination structure size, and permanent magnet is fixed Son iron core 7 is identical with the axial length of p-m rotor 10, and electrical excitation partial stator unshakable in one's determination 12 is long with the axial direction of electrical excitation rotor 13 Degree is identical;Stator winding A6 is three-phase alternating current winding, is also designed to polyphase ac winding, and out frame A9 adopts water-cooled side Formula.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator, using AC excitation mode, no Brush exciter rotor unshakable in one's determination 2 is placed in rotating shaft 1 two ends respectively with collector ring 15, and brushless exciter out frame B5 is joined by seam Conjunction is arranged on generator's cover 4, and is fastened further by uniform bolt on end cap 4, and out frame B5 adopts stainless steel Material, the stator core 3 of brushless exciter, rotor core 2 are all made using low-loss silicon steel sheet that laminates.Brushless exciter As shown in fig. 6, the number of stator slots of alternating-current brushless exciter is 30 grooves, rotor slot number is 18 grooves, brushless exciter in rotor section Stator winding B25 and rotor windings 23 all using three-phase alternating current winding.During operation, the stator winding B25 of brushless exciter is passed through Three-phase negative/positive voltage, this voltage is provided by stator winding A6, constitutes self-excitation mode, without externally fed power supply.As shown in fig. 7, Rotary rectifier module 16 is fastened by bolts on collector ring 15, the rotor windings lead-out wire of alternating-current brushless exciter 21 and rotation The AC input terminal of rectification module 16 is connected, the direct current output of electrical excitation rotor windings lead-out wire 17 and rotary rectifier module 16 Terminal is connected.

Claims (3)

1. a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator, is characterized in that:Brushless excitation machine rotor (2), permanent magnetism Rotor (10), electrical excitation rotor (13), collector ring (15) arranged in co-axial alignment and be sleeved in rotating shaft (1);P-m rotor (10) is adopted With the array magnet structure of 4 magnets in every pole, the permanent magnet of 16 different direction of magnetizations is arranged in order so that adjacent permanent magnet The direction of magnetization of body differs 22.5 °, in the upper axially position step (101) that arranges of rotating shaft (1) it is ensured that permanent magnet is accurately positioned and prevents Only circumferential vibration;Electrical excitation rotor (13) adopts non-salient pole structure, and rotor slot number is 24/40 with the ratio of the rotor number of divisions, encourages in electricity Magnet rotor (13) inner circle setting keyway (131), is coupled with rotating shaft (1) by flat key, electrical excitation rotor (13) adopts step trough (132), to place more Exciting Windings for Transverse Differential Protection, improve voltage regulation capability;P-m rotor (10) is shared with electrical excitation rotor (13) A set of stator winding A (6), and the d-axis inregister of p-m rotor (10) and electrical excitation rotor (13);Using carbon fiber material Material, cylindrical, the electrical excitation rotor winding end (18) to p-m rotor (10) and brushless exciter rotor winding end respectively (23) it is wound colligation, form p-m rotor retaining ring (8), electrical excitation rotor end bell (14) and brushless exciter after solidification and turn Sub- retaining ring (24), with fixed permanent magnet, electrical excitation rotor winding end and brushless exciter rotor winding end;In rotating shaft (1) On, the space between electrical excitation rotor (13) and collector ring (15) is set with stainless steel support component A (19), turns positioned at permanent magnetism Space suit stainless steel support component B (20), support component A (19) and support group between sub (10) and electrical excitation rotor (13) Part B (20) is on the one hand used for laying electrical excitation rotor winding end (18), is on the other hand used as electrical excitation rotor end bell (14) Support;Insulating supporting ring (22) is placed between the end of brushless exciter rotor windings (23) and rotating shaft (1);Rotating shaft (1) is adopted Open up through hole with magnetic conductive material and at rotating shaft (1) center, in this through hole, place brushless exciter rotor windings lead-out wire (21) With electrical excitation rotor windings lead-out wire (17).
2. a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:Stator Iron core is divided into three sections vertically, and that is, permanent magnet stator core (7), electrical excitation partial stator iron core (12) and mid portion are fixed Son iron core (11), wherein mid portion stator core (11) adopts non-magnet material;This three sections of stator cores have identical punching Chip architecture size, permanent magnet stator core (7) is identical with the axial length of p-m rotor (10), and electrical excitation partial stator is unshakable in one's determination (12) identical with the axial length of electrical excitation rotor (13);Stator winding A (6) is three-phase alternating current winding, and out frame A (9) adopts Use water-cooling pattern.
3. a kind of non-salient pole parallel rotor brushless hybrid excitation generator according to claim 1, is characterized in that:Brushless Hybrid excitation generator adopts AC excitation mode, and brushless exciter rotor core (2) and collector ring (15) are placed in respectively and turn Axle (1) two ends, the stator core (3) of brushless exciter, rotor core (2) are all made using low-loss silicon steel sheet that laminates, no The stator winding B (25) of brush exciter and rotor windings (23) are all using three-phase alternating current winding, brushless exciter out frame B (5) it is arranged on generator's cover (4) by seam cooperation, and fastened further by the upper uniform bolt of end cap (4), stator Support B (5) adopts stainless steel material, and during operation, the stator winding B (25) of brushless exciter is passed through three-phase negative/positive voltage, this voltage There is provided by stator winding A (6), constitute self-excitation mode, without externally fed power supply;It is tight that rotary rectifier module (16) passes through bolt Gu on collector ring (15), the rotor windings lead-out wire (21) of alternating-current brushless exciter is defeated with exchanging of rotary rectifier module (16) Enter terminal to be connected, electrical excitation rotor windings lead-out wire (17) is connected with the DC output terminal of rotary rectifier module (16).
CN201620250437.5U 2016-03-29 2016-03-29 Latent utmost point is brushless mixed excitation generator of rotor side by side Active CN205986383U (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107370275A (en) * 2017-07-31 2017-11-21 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 A kind of box brushless excitation synchronous motor rotor wiring structure
CN107834781A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-23 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 A kind of three-level formula aero dynamo main generator excitation electric current and voltage measuring apparatus
CN111446132A (en) * 2019-09-11 2020-07-24 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) Air gap armature and manufacturing method thereof and motor
CN114070000A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-18 浙江水泵总厂有限公司 Brushless synchronous generator structure and generator with same

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107370275A (en) * 2017-07-31 2017-11-21 卧龙电气集团股份有限公司 A kind of box brushless excitation synchronous motor rotor wiring structure
CN107370275B (en) * 2017-07-31 2024-03-15 卧龙电气南阳防爆集团股份有限公司 Rotor wiring structure of box-type brushless excitation synchronous motor
CN107834781A (en) * 2017-11-16 2018-03-23 陕西航空电气有限责任公司 A kind of three-level formula aero dynamo main generator excitation electric current and voltage measuring apparatus
CN111446132A (en) * 2019-09-11 2020-07-24 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶重工集团公司第七一二研究所) Air gap armature and manufacturing method thereof and motor
CN114070000A (en) * 2021-11-30 2022-02-18 浙江水泵总厂有限公司 Brushless synchronous generator structure and generator with same
WO2023097818A1 (en) * 2021-11-30 2023-06-08 浙江水泵总厂有限公司 Brushless synchronous generator structure and generator having same

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