CN207499150U - A kind of Novel bolt ball node - Google Patents
A kind of Novel bolt ball node Download PDFInfo
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- CN207499150U CN207499150U CN201721589607.3U CN201721589607U CN207499150U CN 207499150 U CN207499150 U CN 207499150U CN 201721589607 U CN201721589607 U CN 201721589607U CN 207499150 U CN207499150 U CN 207499150U
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Abstract
本实用新型涉及一种新型螺栓球节点，属于螺栓球节点设计的技术领域。新型螺栓球节点包括内部为空腔结构的钢球和设置在所述钢球上、用于连接和承载钢杆的分管，钢球与分管一体成型，钢球为部分被切除的球冠状，且球冠的高大于钢球的半径，分管沿钢球的法线方向向外设置，且分管沿钢球的周向均匀分布，分管为实心结构，分管上具有沿着法线方向设置的沉孔，钢球表面上设置有使相邻分管间平滑连贯过渡的曲面倒圆角，钢球表面具有以分管数量、分管位置、分管直径、沉孔直径为参数的经拓扑优化计算得出的与所承载钢杆受力相匹配的曲面形状。对螺栓球进行拓扑优化分析，使螺栓球节点在满足承载性能的基础上极大的减小了自重，提高了使用性能。
The utility model relates to a novel bolt ball joint, belonging to the technical field of bolt ball joint design. The new bolt ball joint includes a steel ball with a cavity structure inside and a branch pipe arranged on the steel ball for connecting and carrying the steel rod. The steel ball and the branch pipe are integrally formed. The steel ball is a partially cut spherical crown, and The height of the spherical crown is greater than the radius of the steel ball, and the branch pipe is arranged outward along the normal direction of the steel ball, and the branch pipe is evenly distributed along the circumference of the steel ball. The branch pipe is a solid structure, and the branch pipe has a counterbore arranged along the normal direction , the surface of the steel ball is provided with rounded corners that make the transition between adjacent branch pipes smooth and coherent. The shape of the surface of the load-bearing steel rod matches the force. The topology optimization analysis of the bolt ball greatly reduces the self-weight and improves the performance of the bolt ball node on the basis of meeting the load-bearing performance.
Description
技术领域technical field
本实用新型属于螺栓球节点设计的技术领域，具体涉及一种新型螺栓球节点。The utility model belongs to the technical field of bolt ball joint design, in particular to a novel bolt ball joint.
背景技术Background technique
目前，网架结构以其受力合理、用料经济、造型美观，能覆盖较大空间等优点而成为符合当今大跨空间结构追求更大跨度，更加优美的外形的发展趋势，在建筑工程中应用广泛。节点作为网架结构的关键组成部分,占整个结构用钢量的20％～50％。因此合理的节点构造，对结构的安全度、制造安装、工程进度、用钢指标以及工程造价都有直接影响。At present, the grid structure is in line with the development trend of today's large-span space structure pursuing a larger span and a more beautiful appearance due to its advantages of reasonable force, economical materials, beautiful appearance, and ability to cover a large space. Wide range of applications. Nodes are the key components of the grid structure, accounting for 20% to 50% of the steel used in the entire structure. Therefore, a reasonable node structure has a direct impact on the safety of the structure, manufacturing and installation, project progress, steel indicators and project cost.
网架结构节点主要有焊接球节点和螺栓球节点。其中螺栓球节点一般在工厂定型成批生成，现场拼装无需焊接，装拆方便适用于现场工期紧、施工条件、用电量受制约，网架形状复杂、杆件定位困难的异形结构。螺栓球节点是由螺栓、钢球、销子(或螺钉)、套筒和锥头或封板等零件组成，其中钢球是实心的。由于实心钢球的重量大，因此直径超过300mm时目前工程实践中都采用了焊接球或者铸钢节点，这二者的一个突出缺陷是现场焊接工作量大，施工速度慢，质量难以保证，尤其是随着建筑技术的发展，装配式建筑已经成为发展的趋势，要求施工现场尽量采用螺栓球节点。但由于结构向更高、跨度更大方向的发展，原有的小直径螺栓球已不能满足工程实践的需求，例如《钢网架螺栓球节点JG/T10—2009》中螺栓球的规格中最大直径仅为300mm，而当前工程实践中通常需要根据杆件的角度，以及节点承受和传递较大的荷载要求，对螺栓球进行设计，需要的螺栓球很大。The grid structure nodes mainly include welded ball nodes and bolted ball nodes. Among them, the bolt ball joints are generally formed in batches in the factory, and the on-site assembly does not require welding. It is convenient to assemble and disassemble. It is suitable for special-shaped structures with tight construction schedules, limited construction conditions, and limited power consumption. The bolted ball joint is composed of bolts, steel balls, pins (or screws), sleeves, cone heads or sealing plates, among which the steel balls are solid. Due to the heavy weight of solid steel balls, welded balls or cast steel joints are currently used in engineering practice when the diameter exceeds 300mm. A prominent defect of the two is that the on-site welding workload is large, the construction speed is slow, and the quality is difficult to guarantee, especially However, with the development of construction technology, prefabricated buildings have become a development trend, requiring the construction site to use bolt ball joints as much as possible. However, due to the development of higher structures and larger spans, the original small-diameter bolt balls can no longer meet the needs of engineering practice. The diameter is only 300mm, but in the current engineering practice, it is usually necessary to design the bolt ball according to the angle of the member and the requirements of the node to bear and transmit large loads, and the required bolt ball is very large.
因此，建立大直径螺栓球的生产技术是十分必要的，也是工程实践急需的。实现大直径螺栓球的关键技术有两点，一是实心球会导致节点单重较大，引起结构自重较大，影响结构的安全稳定性，同时也增加了现场的安装难度，如何保证承载性能的同时大幅降低自重是急需解决和突破的关键技术之一，二是大直径螺栓球节点的生产制造问题，传统的机床加工方法无法生产大直径螺栓球。Therefore, it is very necessary to establish the production technology of large-diameter bolt balls, and it is also urgently needed in engineering practice. There are two key technologies to realize large-diameter bolt balls. One is that solid balls will lead to a larger unit weight of the joint, which will cause a larger self-weight of the structure, affect the safety and stability of the structure, and also increase the difficulty of on-site installation. How to ensure the load-bearing performance At the same time, it is one of the key technologies that urgently need to be solved and breakthrough. The second is the production problem of large-diameter bolt ball joints. Traditional machine tool processing methods cannot produce large-diameter bolt balls.
实用新型内容Utility model content
本实用新型针对现有技术中螺栓球节点单重较大，影响结构安全稳定性的问题，提供一种基于拓扑优化的新型大直径螺栓球节点，对直径大于300mm的螺栓球进行优化分析，能够在满足螺栓球节点承载性能的基础上极大的减小螺栓球节点的自重，提高了螺栓球节点的使用性能和安全性能。The utility model aims at the problem that the single weight of the bolt ball joint is relatively large in the prior art, which affects the safety and stability of the structure, and provides a new type of large-diameter bolt ball joint based on topology optimization. The bolt ball with a diameter greater than 300mm is optimized and analyzed, which can On the basis of satisfying the bearing performance of the bolt ball joint, the self-weight of the bolt ball joint is greatly reduced, and the use performance and safety performance of the bolt ball joint are improved.
本实用新型采用如下技术方案：一种新型螺栓球节点，其特征在于，包括内部为空腔结构的钢球和设置在所述钢球上、用于连接和承载钢杆的分管，所述钢球与分管一体成型，所述钢球为部分被切除的球冠状，且球冠的高大于钢球的半径，分管沿钢球的法线方向向外设置，且分管沿钢球的周向均匀分布，所述分管为实心结构，分管上具有沿着法线方向设置的沉孔，所述钢球的表面上设置有使相邻分管间平滑连贯过渡的曲面倒圆角，所述钢球表面具有以分管数量、分管位置、分管直径、沉孔直径为参数的经拓扑优化计算得出的与所承载钢杆受力相匹配的曲面形状。The utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a new type of bolt ball joint, which is characterized in that it includes a steel ball with a cavity structure inside and a branch pipe arranged on the steel ball for connecting and carrying steel rods, the steel The ball and the branch pipe are integrally formed. The steel ball is a partially cut-off spherical crown, and the height of the spherical crown is greater than the radius of the steel ball. The branch pipe is set outward along the normal direction of the steel ball, and the branch pipe is uniform along the circumferential direction of the steel ball. Distribution, the branch pipe is a solid structure, the branch pipe has a counterbore arranged along the normal direction, the surface of the steel ball is provided with rounded corners to make the transition between adjacent branch pipes smooth and coherent, the surface of the steel ball It has a surface shape that matches the force of the steel rod it bears and is calculated by topology optimization with the number of branch pipes, branch position, branch pipe diameter, and counterbore diameter as parameters.
所述分管包括多组分管，所述钢球上被切除的面为钢球的底面，所述多组分管从钢球顶面到底面依次分布，且每组分管均分别沿钢球的周向均匀分布。The branch pipes include multi-component pipes, the cut surface of the steel ball is the bottom surface of the steel ball, the multi-component pipes are distributed sequentially from the top surface of the steel ball to the bottom surface, and each component pipe is respectively along the circumferential direction of the steel ball. Evenly distributed.
所述分管的底部与空腔结构不连通。The bottom of the branch pipe is not connected with the cavity structure.
所述沉孔为螺栓孔。The counterbore is a bolt hole.
所述钢球的直径大于300mm。The diameter of the steel ball is greater than 300mm.
所述钢球的直径为350～500mm。The diameter of the steel ball is 350-500 mm.
同时建立一种制备螺栓球节点的方法，采用消失模—砂型复合铸造工艺进行铸造，包括以下步骤：At the same time, a method for preparing bolt ball joints is established, and the lost foam-sand composite casting process is used for casting, including the following steps:
(1)以分管数量、分管位置、分管直径、沉孔直径为参数，利用拓扑优化方法设计出螺栓球节点的三维结构；(1) The three-dimensional structure of the bolt ball node is designed by using the topology optimization method with the number of pipes, the location of the pipes, the diameter of the pipes, and the diameter of the counterbore as parameters;
(2)根据拓扑优化设计的结果设计螺栓球节点三维模型，根据所述三维模型分别做出泡沫三维模型和砂芯三维模型；(2) design the three-dimensional model of the bolt ball node according to the results of the topology optimization design, and make the foam three-dimensional model and the sand core three-dimensional model respectively according to the three-dimensional model;
(3)根据泡沫三维模型制作出没有空腔的泡沫模样，根据砂芯三维模型进行木模造芯；(3) Make a foam pattern without a cavity according to the foam three-dimensional model, and carry out wood mold core-making according to the sand core three-dimensional model;
(4)将没有空腔的泡沫模样涂刷厚度大于2mm的醇基涂料；(4) Brush the foam pattern with no cavity with an alcohol-based paint with a thickness greater than 2mm;
(5)将涂刷过醇基涂料的泡沫模样填入一定配比的有机酯水玻璃砂开始造型，并将砂型硬化处理；(5) Fill the foam pattern of the alcohol-based paint into a certain ratio of organic ester water glass sand to start molding, and harden the sand mold;
(6)将砂型中的泡沫以破坏方式取出，形成所述空腔和所述螺栓孔；(6) taking out the foam in the sand mold in a destructive manner to form the cavity and the bolt hole;
(7)将木模制作的砂芯下入所述空腔和所述螺栓孔，并在木模表面涂刷醇基涂料；(7) the sand core that wooden formwork is made is lowered into described cavity and described bolt hole, and brushes alcohol base coating on wooden formwork surface;
(8)合箱浇铸；(8) Box casting;
(9)落砂清理、热处理、质量检验；(9) Sand cleaning, heat treatment, quality inspection;
(10)在车床上精加工螺栓沉孔。(10) Finish the bolt counterbore on the lathe.
本实用新型的有益效果如下：螺栓球节点的钢球为空心构造，极大的减小了节点的自重，节约材料，有效的降低了施工难度，钢球与分管一体成型，避免了传统螺栓球节点中钢球表面与分管之间的焊缝应力集中问题，提高了本螺栓球节点的承载力，且提高了节点的安全稳定性，钢球的形状和结构通过拓扑优化设计而得到，使整个螺栓球节点的结构得到了改善，螺栓球节点形式简洁、美观，连接方便、安装精度高，且使螺栓球节点的使用性能得到了优化，螺栓球节点传力路线明确，受力形式合理，安全稳定性高。The beneficial effects of the utility model are as follows: the steel ball of the bolt ball joint is a hollow structure, which greatly reduces the self-weight of the joint, saves materials, and effectively reduces the difficulty of construction. The steel ball and the branch pipe are integrally formed, avoiding the traditional bolt ball The stress concentration problem of the weld between the steel ball surface and the branch pipe in the joint improves the bearing capacity of the bolt ball joint, and improves the safety and stability of the joint. The shape and structure of the steel ball are obtained through topology optimization design, so that the whole The structure of the bolt ball joint has been improved, the form of the bolt ball joint is simple and beautiful, the connection is convenient, the installation accuracy is high, and the performance of the bolt ball joint has been optimized, the force transmission route of the bolt ball joint is clear, the force form is reasonable, and it is safe High stability.
可以根据需要在本螺栓球节点上连接的钢杆的数量，设置相应数量的分管，即在钢球从顶面到底面上依次布置分别沿钢球周向均匀分布的多组分管，极大的满足钢杆连接的需要。分管的底部与空腔结构不连通，保证螺栓球节点的受力合理和稳定性。所述沉孔为螺栓孔，待连接的钢杆的端部具有螺栓，钢杆端部螺栓与所述分管内的螺栓孔固定连接，从而实现钢杆与本螺栓球节点的固定连接。本实用新型主要利用拓扑优化的原理对直径大于300mm的螺栓球进行优化分析，得到一种新型螺栓球节点，能够在满足节点承载性能的基础上极大的减小螺栓球的自重。优选的，钢球的直径在350～500mm之间，解决传统螺栓球节点中，螺栓球很大的问题。According to the number of steel rods connected to this bolt ball joint, a corresponding number of branch pipes can be set, that is, multi-component pipes that are evenly distributed along the circumference of the steel balls are arranged on the steel balls from the top surface to the bottom surface. Meet the needs of steel rod connection. The bottom of the branch pipe is not connected with the cavity structure, so as to ensure the reasonable force and stability of the bolt ball joint. The counterbore is a bolt hole, and the end of the steel rod to be connected has a bolt, and the bolt at the end of the steel rod is fixedly connected with the bolt hole in the branch pipe, thereby realizing the fixed connection between the steel rod and the bolt ball joint. The utility model mainly uses the principle of topology optimization to optimize and analyze the bolt ball with a diameter greater than 300mm, and obtains a new type of bolt ball node, which can greatly reduce the self-weight of the bolt ball on the basis of satisfying the bearing capacity of the node. Preferably, the diameter of the steel ball is between 350mm and 500mm, which solves the problem that the bolt ball is very large in the traditional bolt ball joint.
本实用新型螺栓球节点采用适合复杂异型铸件生产的消失模—砂型复合铸造工艺进行铸造，复合工艺不仅利用了消失模泡沫模样设计的高自由度、泡沫加工容易且价格低廉的优势，避免了变形、增碳的问题，而且保留了砂型铸造充型平稳，铸件成分、尺寸稳定的优点。The bolt ball joint of the utility model is casted by the lost foam-sand composite casting process suitable for the production of complex special-shaped castings. The composite process not only takes advantage of the high degree of freedom of the lost foam pattern design, the advantages of easy foam processing and low price, and avoids deformation. , The problem of carbon increase, and retains the advantages of smooth filling of sand casting, stable composition and size of castings.
附图说明Description of drawings
为了更清楚地说明本实用新型实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本实用新型的实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动性的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其它的附图。In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the utility model, the accompanying drawings that need to be used in the embodiments will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the accompanying drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the utility model. Those of ordinary skill in the art can also obtain other drawings based on these drawings without any creative effort.
图1是本实用新型的立体结构示意图；Fig. 1 is the three-dimensional structure schematic diagram of the present utility model;
图2是本实用新型的正视图；Fig. 2 is the front view of the utility model;
图3是本实用新型的俯视图；Fig. 3 is the top view of the utility model;
图4是本实用新型的仰视图；Fig. 4 is the bottom view of the utility model;
图5是本实用新型的轴测图。Fig. 5 is a perspective view of the utility model.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
为了使本实用新型的技术目的、技术方案和有益效果更加清楚，下面结合附图和具体实施例对本实用新型的技术方案作出进一步的说明。In order to make the technical purpose, technical solution and beneficial effect of the utility model clearer, the technical solution of the utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
如图1～图5所示，本实用新型新型螺栓球节点包括内部为空腔结构的钢球1和设置在所述钢球1上、用于连接和承载钢杆的分管2，所述钢球1与所述分管2一体成型，钢球1为部分被切除的球冠状，且球冠的高大于钢球的半径，即钢球1被切除的部分小于钢球1大小的一半，以钢球上被切除的面作为钢球的底面5，所述钢球1的底面5为平面圆结构，钢球1的内部具有空腔结构6。As shown in Figures 1 to 5, the bolt ball joint of the utility model includes a steel ball 1 with a cavity structure inside and a branch pipe 2 arranged on the steel ball 1 for connecting and carrying steel rods. The ball 1 and the branch pipe 2 are integrally formed, the steel ball 1 is a partially cut spherical crown, and the height of the spherical crown is greater than the radius of the steel ball, that is, the cut part of the steel ball 1 is less than half the size of the steel ball 1, and the steel ball 1 The surface cut off on the ball is used as the bottom surface 5 of the steel ball. The bottom surface 5 of the steel ball 1 is a plane circular structure, and the steel ball 1 has a cavity structure 6 inside.
分管2沿钢球1的法线方向向外设置，即分管2的轴向方向与钢球1的法线方向平行，且分管2沿钢球1的周向方向均匀分布，所述分管2为实心结构，所述分管2上设置有沿着法线方向设置的沉孔4，述分管2的底部与空腔结构6不连通，本实施例中，沉孔4为螺栓孔，待连接的钢杆的端部具有螺栓，钢杆端部螺栓与所述分管2内的螺栓孔4拧紧连接，从而实现钢杆与本螺栓球节点的固定连接。The branch pipe 2 is arranged outward along the normal direction of the steel ball 1, that is, the axial direction of the branch pipe 2 is parallel to the normal direction of the steel ball 1, and the branch pipe 2 is evenly distributed along the circumferential direction of the steel ball 1, and the branch pipe 2 is Solid structure, the branch pipe 2 is provided with a counterbore 4 arranged along the normal direction, the bottom of the branch pipe 2 is not connected to the cavity structure 6, in this embodiment, the counterbore 4 is a bolt hole, the steel to be connected There is a bolt at the end of the rod, and the bolt at the end of the steel rod is tightly connected to the bolt hole 4 in the branch pipe 2, so as to realize the fixed connection between the steel rod and the ball joint of the bolt.
本实施例中，所述钢球1从顶面(钢球1上的与底面5间距最大的面)到底面5、沿钢球1的法线方向依次设置有两组分管，其中一组分管靠近钢球1的顶面，另一组分管靠近钢球1的底面5，每组分管的分管个数为四个，且每组分管均分别沿钢球的周向均匀分布。In this embodiment, the steel ball 1 is provided with two sets of pipes sequentially along the normal direction of the steel ball 1 from the top surface (the surface on the steel ball 1 with the largest distance from the bottom surface 5 ) to the bottom surface 5, one of which is Close to the top surface of the steel ball 1, another set of tubes is close to the bottom surface 5 of the steel ball 1, each set of tubes has four branches, and each set of tubes is evenly distributed along the circumference of the steel ball.
本实施例中，钢球1的表面设置有两组分管，每组分管的分管个数为四个，但本实用新型不限于此，本领域技术人员容易想到根据需要在本螺栓球节点上连接的钢杆的数量，设置相应数量的分管，所述相应数量的分管体现在本螺栓球节点上，可以是一组分管，也可以是多组分管，所述多组分管从钢球顶面到底面依次分布，且每组分管均分别沿钢球的周向均匀分布，每组分管的分管数量可以相同，也可以不同。In this embodiment, the surface of the steel ball 1 is provided with two sets of tubes, and the number of tubes in each set of tubes is four, but the utility model is not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art can easily think of connecting the bolt ball joints as required. The number of steel rods, set the corresponding number of branch pipes, the corresponding number of branch pipes is reflected on the bolt ball joint, it can be a group of pipes, or multi-component pipes, and the multi-component pipes are from the top surface of the steel ball to the bottom. The surface is distributed sequentially, and each group of tubes is evenly distributed along the circumference of the steel ball, and the number of sub-tubes of each group of tubes can be the same or different.
所述钢球1与分管2一体成型，且钢球1的表面设置有使相邻分管2间平滑连贯过渡的曲面倒圆角3，钢球上采用曲面倒圆角3的主要作用是使各个分管2之间的过渡光滑连贯，且使各个分管2与钢球1的表面之间的过度光滑连贯，避免了传统螺栓球节点中钢球表面与分管之间的焊缝应力集中问题，同时提高了本螺栓球节点的承载力。根据分管2的位置的不同，相邻分管2之间的曲面倒圆角也不完全相同。The steel ball 1 and the branch pipe 2 are integrally formed, and the surface of the steel ball 1 is provided with a rounded corner 3 that makes the transition between adjacent branch pipes 2 smooth and coherent. The main function of using the rounded corner 3 on the steel ball is to make each The transition between branch pipes 2 is smooth and coherent, and the excessive smoothness and coherence between each branch pipe 2 and the surface of steel ball 1 avoids the problem of weld stress concentration between the steel ball surface and branch pipes in traditional bolt-ball joints, and at the same time improves The bearing capacity of the bolted ball joint is determined. According to the different positions of the branch pipes 2, the rounded corners of the curved surfaces between adjacent branch pipes 2 are also not completely the same.
钢球1表面具有经拓扑优化计算得出的与所承载钢杆受力相匹配的曲面形状，拓扑优化是一种根据给定的负载情况、约束条件和性能指标，在给定的区域内对材料分布进行优化的数学方法，是结构优化的一种，目前已有工程中应用的通用软件，本领域技术人员可正常使用。The surface of the steel ball 1 has a surface shape that matches the force of the steel rod that is calculated by topology optimization. The mathematical method for optimizing material distribution is a kind of structural optimization. At present, there are general-purpose software used in engineering, which can be used normally by those skilled in the art.
本实用新型利用拓扑优化方法对钢球的形状和结构进行优化设计，具体的，首先，根据工程中需要在本螺栓球节点上连接的钢杆的数量、钢杆上的螺栓的尺寸，确定钢球表面上需要设置的分管的数量以及分管内螺栓孔的直径；其次，设计分管的数量、螺栓孔(即沉孔)直径、分管直径、分管在钢球表面上的位置；最后，以分管数量、分管位置、分管直径、螺栓孔(即沉孔)直径为参数，利用拓扑优化方法对直径大于300mm的钢球的形状和结构进行优化设计，所述钢球的形状和结构主要是指钢球的直径、需要被切除的钢球部分的大小、钢球内空腔的直径、相邻分管之间的曲面倒圆角半径、钢球表面的形状曲率等等。其中，根据钢球1的直径和分管2的直径比，对钢球进行空腔结构优化处理。经拓扑优化设计后得到本实用新型新型螺栓球节点。The utility model uses the topology optimization method to optimize the design of the shape and structure of the steel ball. Specifically, firstly, according to the number of steel rods that need to be connected on the bolt ball node in the project and the size of the bolts on the steel rods, the steel ball is determined. The number of branch pipes that need to be set on the surface of the ball and the diameter of the bolt holes in the branch pipes; secondly, the number of branch pipes, the diameter of the bolt hole (ie counterbore), the diameter of the branch pipes, and the position of the branch pipes on the surface of the steel ball; finally, the number of branch pipes , the location of the pipe, the diameter of the pipe, and the diameter of the bolt hole (that is, the counterbore) are parameters, and the shape and structure of the steel ball with a diameter greater than 300mm are optimized using the topology optimization method. The shape and structure of the steel ball mainly refer to the steel ball. The diameter of the steel ball, the size of the part of the steel ball that needs to be cut off, the diameter of the inner cavity of the steel ball, the rounding radius of the curved surface between adjacent branch pipes, the shape curvature of the steel ball surface, etc. Wherein, according to the ratio of the diameter of the steel ball 1 to the diameter of the branch pipe 2, the cavity structure of the steel ball is optimized. After the topology optimization design, the bolt ball node of the utility model is obtained.
本实施例中，钢球1的直径大于300mm，利用拓扑优化的原理主要对直径大于300mm的钢球进行优化分析，优选的，钢球直径为350～500mm。In this embodiment, the diameter of the steel ball 1 is greater than 300 mm, and the principle of topology optimization is mainly used to optimize and analyze the steel ball with a diameter greater than 300 mm. Preferably, the diameter of the steel ball is 350-500 mm.
本实用新型螺栓球节点采用钢球内空腔结构优化处理，在满足承载性能的基础上，能够极大的减小自重，节约材料，使螺栓球节点更好的应用到网架结构中，降低螺栓球节点的安装难度；通过拓扑优化设计钢球的结构和形状，使本实用新型螺栓球节点传力路线明确，受力形式合理。The bolt ball joint of the utility model adopts the optimized treatment of the inner cavity structure of the steel ball. On the basis of satisfying the load-bearing performance, it can greatly reduce the dead weight and save materials, so that the bolt ball joint can be better applied to the grid structure, reducing the The installation difficulty of the bolt ball joints; the structure and shape of the steel balls are designed through topology optimization, so that the force transmission route of the bolt ball joints of the utility model is clear and the force bearing form is reasonable.
具体的，本实用新型经拓扑优化设计了钢球直径分别为350mm、400mm、450mm和500mm的四种螺栓球节点，四种螺栓球节点上分别设置有两组分管，其中一组分管靠近钢球的顶面，另一组分管靠近钢球的底面，每组分管的分管个数为四个，每组分管均分别沿钢球的周向均匀分布，定义靠近钢球顶面的相邻分管之间的曲面倒圆角为上弦杆间倒角，定义靠近钢球顶面的分管与靠近钢球底面的相邻分管之间的曲面倒圆角为腹杆间倒角，具体参数如表1所示：Specifically, the utility model has designed four kinds of bolt ball nodes with steel ball diameters of 350mm, 400mm, 450mm and 500mm through topology optimization. The top surface of the steel ball, the other group of tubes is close to the bottom surface of the steel ball, and the number of branch tubes of each group of tubes is four, and each group of tubes is evenly distributed along the circumference of the steel ball, defining the distance between adjacent branch tubes close to the top surface of the steel ball. The rounded corners between the upper chords are the chamfers between the upper chords, and the rounded corners between the branch pipes close to the top surface of the steel ball and the adjacent branch pipes close to the bottom surface of the steel ball are defined as the chamfers between the webs. The specific parameters are shown in Table 1. Show:
为对比本实用新型新型大直径螺栓球和传统的螺栓球的优劣性，分别选取直径为350mm新型大直径螺栓球和传统螺栓球，传统螺栓球为实心球，且传统螺栓球表面上的相邻分管之间无曲面倒圆角设计。利用ANSYS进行数值模拟分析，计算两种类型的节点在相同荷载条件下的应力分布特征。对比分析结如表2所示：In order to compare the advantages and disadvantages of the new large-diameter bolt ball of the utility model and the traditional bolt ball, choose the new large-diameter bolt ball and the traditional bolt ball with a diameter of 350mm respectively. The traditional bolt ball is a solid ball, and the corresponding surface on the traditional bolt ball There is no rounded corner design between adjacent branch pipes. ANSYS is used for numerical simulation analysis to calculate the stress distribution characteristics of the two types of nodes under the same load conditions. The comparative analysis results are shown in Table 2:
由结果可知，本实用新型的新型大直径螺栓球与传统的螺栓球在相同的直径下，新型大直径螺栓球的重量是传统螺栓球的55.28％。在相同荷载作用下传统螺栓球的最大应力是新型大直径螺栓球92.6％。As can be seen from the results, under the same diameter of the new large-diameter bolt ball of the utility model and the traditional bolt ball, the weight of the new large-diameter bolt ball is 55.28% of the traditional bolt ball. Under the same load, the maximum stress of the traditional bolt ball is 92.6% of the new large diameter bolt ball.
结果表明相同直径的本实用新型大直径螺栓球相比传统螺栓球承载性能几乎相同，但自重却是大大减小了，有效地节约了资源，同时也提高了结构的稳定性与安全性。从算例可见，本实用新型新型大直径螺栓球是切实可行的，具有较好的应用价值。The results show that the large-diameter bolt ball of the utility model with the same diameter has almost the same load-bearing performance as the traditional bolt ball, but its own weight is greatly reduced, which effectively saves resources and improves the stability and safety of the structure. It can be seen from the calculation example that the large-diameter bolt ball of the utility model is feasible and has good application value.
螺栓球节点整体浇注成型使得节点的整体结构刚性较大，针对铸造工艺中存在的问题，结合工厂实际生产的经验，本实用新型螺栓球节点采用适合复杂异型铸件生产的消失模—砂型复合铸造工艺进行铸造，复合工艺不仅利用了消失模泡沫模样设计的高自由度、泡沫加工容易且价格低廉的优势，避免了变形、增碳的问题，而且保留了砂型铸造充型平稳，铸件成分、尺寸稳定的优点。The overall casting of the bolt ball joint makes the overall structure of the joint more rigid. In view of the problems existing in the casting process, combined with the actual production experience of the factory, the bolt ball joint of the utility model adopts the lost foam-sand composite casting process suitable for the production of complex special-shaped castings For casting, the composite process not only takes advantage of the high degree of freedom in the design of the lost foam foam pattern, the advantages of easy foam processing and low price, avoids the problems of deformation and carbon increase, but also retains the smooth filling of the sand casting, and the composition and size of the casting are stable. The advantages.
采用消失模—砂型复合铸造工艺进行铸造，包括以下步骤：The lost foam-sand composite casting process is used for casting, including the following steps:
(1)以分管数量、分管位置、分管直径、沉孔直径为参数，利用拓扑优化方法设计出螺栓球节点的三维结构；(1) The three-dimensional structure of the bolt ball node is designed by using the topology optimization method with the number of pipes, the location of the pipes, the diameter of the pipes, and the diameter of the counterbore as parameters;
(2)根据拓扑优化设计的结果设计螺栓球节点三维模型，根据所述三维模型分别做出泡沫三维模型和砂芯三维模型；(2) design the three-dimensional model of the bolt ball node according to the results of the topology optimization design, and make the foam three-dimensional model and the sand core three-dimensional model respectively according to the three-dimensional model;
(3)根据泡沫三维模型制作出没有空腔的泡沫模样，根据砂芯三维模型进行木模造芯；(3) Make a foam pattern without a cavity according to the foam three-dimensional model, and carry out wood mold core-making according to the sand core three-dimensional model;
(4)将没有空腔的泡沫模样涂刷厚度大于2mm的醇基涂料；(4) Brush the foam pattern with no cavity with an alcohol-based paint with a thickness greater than 2mm;
(5)将涂刷过醇基涂料的泡沫模样填入一定配比的有机酯水玻璃砂开始造型，并将砂型硬化处理；(5) Fill the foam pattern of the alcohol-based paint into a certain ratio of organic ester water glass sand to start molding, and harden the sand mold;
(6)将砂型中的泡沫以破坏方式取出，形成所述空腔和所述螺栓孔；(6) taking out the foam in the sand mold in a destructive manner to form the cavity and the bolt hole;
(7)将木模制作的砂芯下入所述空腔和所述螺栓孔，并在木模表面涂刷醇基涂料；(7) the sand core that wooden formwork is made is lowered into described cavity and described bolt hole, and brushes alcohol base coating on wooden formwork surface;
(8)合箱浇铸；(8) Box casting;
(9)落砂清理、热处理、质量检验；(9) Sand cleaning, heat treatment, quality inspection;
(10)在车床上精加工螺栓沉孔。(10) Finish the bolt counterbore on the lathe.
其中，由于节点形状复杂，为避免泡沫在造型过程中发生变形，影响铸件的尺寸精度，因此考虑只使用消失模制作节点的外部轮廓，而空心腔体和螺纹孔则另外用木模制砂芯来形成。Among them, due to the complex shape of the joints, in order to avoid deformation of the foam during the molding process and affect the dimensional accuracy of the casting, it is considered to only use the lost foam to make the outer contour of the joints, while the hollow cavity and threaded holes are additionally made of wood molded sand cores to form.
相对其他砂型，水玻璃砂成本低廉、容易操作，较树脂砂退让性好，没有S、P等有害元素，其硬化过程采用有机酯硬化，硬化过程方便，铸件气孔、裂纹较少，表面光洁，尺寸精度提高。开箱后的铸件经热处理、化学成分检测、探伤及尺寸测量等工序后，在车床上精加工螺栓沉孔，合格即可交付工程使用。Compared with other sand molds, sodium silicate sand is cheap, easy to operate, and has better yield than resin sand. It has no harmful elements such as S and P. Its hardening process is hardened by organic esters. The hardening process is convenient. The casting has fewer pores and cracks, and the surface is smooth. Dimensional accuracy is improved. After unpacking the castings, after heat treatment, chemical composition detection, flaw detection and dimension measurement, the bolt counterbore is finished on the lathe, and the casting can be delivered to the project after passing the test.
本实用新型对螺栓球节点进行拓扑优化处理，有益效果如下：The utility model performs topology optimization on the bolt ball node, and the beneficial effects are as follows:
(1)本实用新型螺栓球节点大大减小了节点的自重，节约材料，提高了节点的安全稳定性，有效的降低了施工难度；(1) The bolt ball joint of the utility model greatly reduces the self-weight of the joint, saves materials, improves the safety and stability of the joint, and effectively reduces the construction difficulty;
(2)本实用新型螺栓球节点形式简洁、美观，连接方便、安装精度高；(2) The bolt ball joints of the utility model are simple in form, beautiful in appearance, convenient in connection and high in installation accuracy;
(3)本实用新型螺栓球节点传力路线明确，受力形式合理。(3) The force transmission route of the bolt ball node of the utility model is clear, and the force bearing form is reasonable.
(4)本实用新型螺栓球节点上可以设置多组分管，实现对多个钢杆连接的需要。(4) Multi-component pipes can be arranged on the bolt ball joint of the utility model to realize the need for connecting multiple steel rods.
(5)解决传统螺栓球节点中，螺栓球很大的问题。(5) Solve the problem that the bolt ball is very large in the traditional bolt ball joint.
(6)本实用新型螺栓球节点采用消失模—砂型复合铸造工艺进行铸造，使设计的自由度高，成本低，螺栓球节点表面光洁，成分和尺寸精度高。(6) The bolt ball joint of the utility model adopts the lost foam-sand mold composite casting process for casting, so that the degree of freedom of design is high, the cost is low, the surface of the bolt ball joint is smooth, and the composition and dimensional accuracy are high.
最后所应说明的是：上述实施例仅用于说明而非限制本实用新型的技术方案，任何对本实用新型进行的等同替换及不脱离本实用新型精神和范围的修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本实用新型权利要求保护的范围之内。Finally, it should be noted that: the above-mentioned embodiments are only used to illustrate and not limit the technical solutions of the present utility model, any equivalent replacement of the present utility model and any modification or partial replacement that does not depart from the spirit and scope of the present utility model shall be Covered within the protection scope of the claims of the present utility model.
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN107829494A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-03-23 | 河南大学 | A kind of Novel bolt ball node and preparation method thereof |
| CN110905075A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-24 | 江苏中森建筑设计有限公司 | Prestressed space grid structure |
| CN112431303A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-02 | 东南大学 | Double-topology ring node applied to fabricated single-layer grid structure |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107829494A (en) * | 2017-11-24 | 2018-03-23 | 河南大学 | A kind of Novel bolt ball node and preparation method thereof |
| CN110905075A (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2020-03-24 | 江苏中森建筑设计有限公司 | Prestressed space grid structure |
| CN112431303A (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-03-02 | 东南大学 | Double-topology ring node applied to fabricated single-layer grid structure |
| CN112431303B (en) * | 2020-11-23 | 2021-12-07 | 东南大学 | Double-topology ring node applied to fabricated single-layer grid structure |
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Granted publication date: 20180615 |