CN207304115U - It is exclusively used in the automatic switchover charger of standby battery - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of automatic switchover charger for being exclusively used in standby battery and using, it includes a 12V reference voltage generating circuit, a charging current opens circuit, a charging current turn-off circuit.The 12V reference voltage generating circuits, can not control rectifying circuit generation by the 12V half-bridges all-wave of a standard.The charging current generation circuit, by one-way SCR T_h1, diac D₃A controlled rectification circuit is formed, as long as flowing through diode D₃Electric current be more than one-way SCR T_h1Threshold current I_GT, T_h1Turn on, charging current is flowed through storage battery to be charged；The charging current turn-off circuit, battery tension are gradually increasing, when charging voltage reaches setting voltage, one-way SCR T_h2Conducting, this process make one-way SCR T_h1Gate voltage low arrive control pole trigger voltage U_GT（Threshold voltage）Hereinafter, cause trigger current low to below maintenance electric current, in power current zero passage moment T_h1Shut-off, so as to cut off charging current.

Description

It is exclusively used in the automatic switchover charger of standby battery

Technical field

It the utility model is related to a kind of to pulling down this kind of reserve battery progress such as battery that is to be repaired or having filled electrolyte The technology preserved for a long time, especially a kind of controlled rectification equipment with automatic switchover charging current, this controlled rectification equipment can To be charged in time to storage battery to be saved, it can ensure that its internal active ion is always at state of activation, avoid tying It is brilliant and scrapped in advance.

Background technology

Either lead-acid accumulator, or the ni-mh or lithium battery of environmental protection, if storage battery with once needing to place for a long time afterwards, Should mend it is charged after place again, while to guarantee it is once electric to battery supplement at 1 month or so, this is because battery can be put certainly Electricity, if being not easy to recover and influence battery life after the long-term battery capacity loss that can make of not charging.

Current reserve battery preserves scheme, often using manual technique, i.e., reminds oneself right in time at regular intervals Battery charges, and powers off after fully charged, otherwise easily overcharges in time.Some chargers have the function of anti-overcharge, short time mistake Filling is possible, but the time is too long, can be to the battery in equipment, or charger is in itself, produces more or less influence.Such as Fruit is once forgotten to charge to storage battery in time, and discharged or defective battery is too serious, its internal active ion is drastically reduced, and battery is tied Brilliant phenomenon and scrapped in advance.

For above-mentioned reality, the utility model provides a kind of side that automatic charging can be carried out to standby battery Case, this charger can be charged for a long time to pulling down new battery that is to be repaired or having filled electrolyte.When storage battery charging finishes And when its voltage reaches normal voltage, charger can automatically power off, and be then in stand-by state；And when battery tension drops to When below normal voltage, charger automatically again can charge storage battery again.This charging equipment allows long-term holding charging Machine is powered, what storage battery is also damaged without, wastes some electric power.

The content of the invention

Technical problem to be solved in the utility model be to provide it is a kind of it is simple in structure, cheap, using it is reliable, can Realize the equipment for being preserved for a long time to standby battery and carrying out automatic charging, and be not in overcharge phenomenon.

To achieve the above object, the utility model provides a kind of automatic charging equipment, it includes a 12V benchmark charging electricity Generation circuit, a charging current formed using controlled rectification technology is pressed to open circuit, a charging current turn-off circuit；Institute State 12V reference voltages and open circuit to standby battery charging by the charging current, set when standby battery voltage reaches During constant voltage, the charging current turn-off circuit output cut-off signals, cut off the charging current to standby battery, realize to standby Automatic with storage battery is safeguarded.

The 12V benchmark charging voltage generation circuit, 220V exchanges are inputted via power frequency step-down transformer T is primary, secondary Set for two-tap, by by D₁、D₂The half-bridge full-wave rectification output 12V pulsation charging voltages of composition.

The charging current opens circuit, by one-way SCR T_h1, diac D₃Form a controlled rectification electricity Road, as long as flowing through diode D₃Electric current be more than one-way SCR T_h1Threshold current I_GT, T_h1Turn on, make charging current stream Cross storage battery to be charged.

The charging current turn-off circuit, when charging voltage reaches setting voltage, zener diode D₄It is reversed breakdown Conducting, causes electric current to flow through one-way SCR T_h2Gate pole, as long as the electric current is more than one-way SCR T_h2Threshold current I_GT, T_h2Conducting, this process make one-way SCR T_h1Gate voltage low arrive control pole trigger voltage U_GT（Threshold voltage）Hereinafter, lead Cause trigger current low to below maintenance electric current, in power current zero passage moment T_h1Shut-off, so as to cut off charging current.

Brief description of the drawings

Attached drawing 1, attached drawing 2 are used to provide a further understanding of the present invention, and form the part of the application, attached drawing 1 It is the electrical schematic diagram of the utility model design reserve battery automatic switchover charger；Attached drawing 2 for can not control rectifying circuit formed The oscillogram of benchmark charging voltage.

Embodiment

Automatic charger electrical schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1, including 12V chargings reference voltage generating circuit, using controllable whole Flow Technique forms charging current and opens circuit, charging current turn-off circuit.The utility model is described in detail below.

Commutation technique plays critically important effect in the design, and different rectification schemes has the characteristics of different and effect, Rectification circuit can be divided into uncontrollable circuit, half control circuit, complete three kinds of circuit of control by the device of composition.

Can not control rectifying circuit be made of completely uncontrollable diode, after circuit structure determines its DC rectifier voltage and The ratio of AC supply voltage value is changeless.

Half-controlled rectifier circuit is made of controlled member and diode mixing, and in this circuit, load power source polarity cannot Change, but average value can be adjusted.

In all controlled rectifier circuit, all rectifier cells are all controllable（SCR, GTR, GTO etc.）, it exports direct current The average value and polarity of voltage can be by the conduction status of control element and adjusted, and in this circuit, power both may be used , can also be by load feedback to power supply, i.e., so-called active inversion to be transmitted from power supply to load.

The half control bridge circuit of this paper belongs to half-controlled rectifier circuit.

In order to produce 12V standard charge voltages, in fig. 1, power frequency step-down transformer T primary 220V exchange inputs are secondary Level is set for two-tap, by by D₁、D₂The half-bridge full-wave rectification output 12V pulsation charging voltages of composition, frequency is work frequency Twice of 100Hz, such as attached drawing 2, belonging to can not control rectifying circuit.Rectified voltage makes as the reference power supply of whole charger With storage battery is using this normal voltage as benchmark to determine whether to connect charging current.

One-way SCR is a kind of controlled rectification electronic component, can be changed into leading from shut-off under external control signal effect It is logical, but once turn on, external signal can not just turn it off, and can only be turned it off by removing to load or reduce its both end voltage. Four layers of three-terminal semiconductor device that one-way SCR is made of three PN junction PNPN compared with the diode with a PN junction, One-way SCR forward conduction is by control electrode current control.

Silicon-controlled have that two parameters are critically important, and one is control pole trigger voltage U_GT（Threshold voltage）, U_GTRefer in room temperature Under, between anode and cathode plus during 6V voltages, make silicon-controlled to be changed into fully on required minimum control pole DC voltage from cut-off； The other is control pole trigger current I_GT（Threshold current）, I_GTRefer at room temperature, when adding 6V voltages between anode and cathode, make It is silicon-controlled to be changed into fully on required control pole minimum direct current electric current from cut-off.

Silicon-controlled is current trigger element, you can the conducting for controlling silicon is by current trigger, although current trigger can Silicon is controlled, but voltage is the primary condition to form electric current.V_G（Trigger gate voltage）Refer between gate pole G and anode A or cathode K Voltage, that is, the pressure difference of a PN junction, about 0.7V are similar with triode.

The silicon-controlled electric current I that there is self-sustaining feature, that is, flow into gate pole G of gate pole_GAs long as more than or equal to the control pole of gate pole Trigger current I_GT, it is silicon-controlled to turn on, the electric current for flowing into G is completely abolished at this time, it is silicon-controlled still to tend to remain on, unless going Fall the voltage between A, K.

Therefore, one-way SCR gate pole trigger pulse, it should have enough amplitudes（Voltage）And width（Electric current）It can just make It is silicon-controlled fully on, in order to ensure it is silicon-controlled can reliably trigger under various conditions, triggering that trigger circuit is sent out electricity Pressure and electric current have to be larger than silicon-controlled control pole trigger voltage U_GTWith control pole trigger current I_GT, and trigger pulse is most Small width will continue to that anode current rises to maintenance electric current（That is latching current I_H）More than, otherwise silicon-controlled meeting is not because have It is fully on and turn off again.

The design forms charging current using controlled rectification technology, attached drawing 1 is seen, by one-way SCR T_h1, diac D₃A controlled rectification circuit is formed, alternating current can be changed into the direct current of variable output, output quantity is believed by silicon-controlled gate pole Number control, be known as half control bridge circuit.

It is assumed that the battery tension shown in figure is less than its standard value, as long as at this moment charger has turned on, two poles are flowed through Pipe D₃Electric current can be added to one-way SCR rectifier T_h1Gate pole, as long as the electric current is more than one-way SCR T_h1Threshold value electricity Flow I_GT, T_h1Turn on, charging current is flowed through storage battery to be charged, storage battery starts to charge up, and is indicated by ammeter M Charging current value.

Known 12V pulsation benchmark charging voltage above, frequency is twice of 100Hz of work frequency, therefore just has every 10mS One zero crossing, one-way SCR T_h1If there is no diac D₃Trigger signal, unidirectionally may be used in any one zero crossing Control silicon T_h1It may all end, so one-way SCR T_h1It is zero that whether cut-off, which depends on reference voltage zero passage and trigger signal, Two factors.

Controlled rectification output is 0, that is, storage battery is stopped charging.

Charging current turn-off circuit is it is to be understood that battery tension is gradually increasing, so that resistance R₁And current potential Device P₁The resistor network both end voltage of composition also rises, at this moment capacitor C₁Charged by ground, when charging voltage reaches setting voltage When, zener diode D₄Breakdown conducting is reversed, causes electric current to flow through one-way SCR T_h2Gate pole, as long as the electric current be more than it is single To silicon-controlled T_h2Threshold current I_GT, T_h2Conducting, this process make one-way SCR T_h1Gate voltage it is low to control pole trigger Voltage U_GT（Threshold voltage）Hereinafter, cause trigger current low to below maintenance electric current, in power current zero passage moment T_h1Shut-off, So as to cut off charging current, storage battery is set to be disconnected with charging circuit, ampere meter reading is also 0.

After a period of time, when battery tension drops to below its normal voltage again, then silicon-controlled T_h2Gate current It is gradually reduced, works as T_h2Gate voltage is less than silicon-controlled threshold voltage U_GTWhen, gate current is less than the silicon-controlled threshold current I_GT, Cause T_h2Turn off at last.And arrive T_h1Gate current but increase, work as T_h1When gate current is more than its threshold current, make T_h1Conducting, Charging current again flows through storage battery, charges for storage battery.

Above procedure moves in circles, and forms a set of storage battery automatic charging system, is once filled as long as switching every other month Motor, it is possible to ensure that internal storage battery chemical ion is always at complete state of activation, the longevity is used for extension storage battery Life is extremely helpful.If being always maintained at charger energization certainly, what storage battery is also damaged without, waste some electric power and .

Debugging：Debugging to circuit is very simple, and fully charged storage battery is accessed circuit, then adjusts potentiometer P₁, just This circuit can be calibrated, its characteristic of the circuit calibrated is that lucky no electric current flows through ampere meter A, i.e. ampere meter A readings It is zero.

Points for attention：5A is not to be exceeded in the output current of transformer T, the reason is that working as T_h1During conducting, T_h1Unique load It is the secondary coil and storage battery of transformer T, if can to provide electric current excessive for transformer, it is possible to damage silicon-controlled T_h1。

T_h1Selection parameter be that it should be able to switch the up to electric current of 10A, as TIC236A and TIC246A both devices all It can meet this requirement, the silicon rectifier diode in circuit also has similar requirement, as SKN26/04, SD25, BYS24-90 etc. all It is suitable parameter selection, above-mentioned diode maximum forward current value is not less than 8A.

This controlled rectification charging equipment circuit structure is simple, thinking is ingenious, and cost of manufacture is very cheap, can treat guarantor The storage battery deposited is charged in time, can be ensured that its internal active ion is always at state of activation, be avoided crystallizing and being carried Before scrap, the Related product stability sold than in the market more preferably, is quite suitable for family or motor vehicle maintenance place uses.

Claims (4)

1. it is exclusively used in the automatic switchover charger of standby battery, it is characterised in that：Produced including a 12V benchmark charging voltage Circuit, a charging current open circuit, a charging current turn-off circuit；The 12V reference voltages are by the charging electricity Stream opens circuit and charges to standby battery, when standby battery voltage reaches setting voltage, the charging current turn-off electricity Road exports cut-off signals, cuts off the charging current to standby battery, realizes and the automatic of standby battery is safeguarded.

2. the automatic switchover charger of standby battery is exclusively used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the 12V benchmark Charging voltage generation circuit, 220V AC voltage are inputted via power frequency step-down transformer T is primary, and secondary is set for two-tap, warp Cross by D₁、D₂The half-bridge full-wave rectification output 12V pulsating volages of composition, in this, as 12V benchmark charging voltages.

3. the automatic switchover charger of standby battery is exclusively used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the charging electricity Stream opens circuit, by one-way SCR T_h1, diac D₃A controlled rectification circuit is formed, output quantity is by one-way SCR The control of gate signal, is known as half control bridge circuit.

4. the automatic switchover charger of standby battery is exclusively used according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the charging electricity Breaking circuit is flowed, by resistance R₁And potentiometer P₁The resistor network of composition is as battery voltage sampling circuit, when charging voltage reaches During to setting voltage, zener diode D₄Breakdown conducting is reversed, causes electric current to flow through one-way SCR T_h2Gate pole, if should Electric current is more than one-way SCR T_h2Threshold current I_GT, T_h2Conducting, this process make one-way SCR T_h1Gate voltage low arrive Control pole trigger voltage U_GTHereinafter, cause trigger current low to below maintenance electric current, in power current zero passage moment T_h1Shut-off, So as to cut off charging current.