CN100536278C

CN100536278C - A pulse constant energy charging method and its charging device for lead acid battery

Info

Publication number: CN100536278C
Application number: CNB200710034946XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李顺生
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-05-16
Filing date: 2007-05-16
Publication date: 2009-09-02
Anticipated expiration: 2027-05-16
Also published as: CN101127448A

Abstract

The utility model provides a constant energy charging method for the lead-acid battery and a related charger, which converts the AC voltage into the DC voltage, and then into a lower voltage which is adapted with the charging voltage of the battery, the battery is charged in a manner of controlled intermittent impulse and constant energy. The control process of the constant energy is that: the charging current and the voltage of the battery is detected and analyzed, and then the charging potential is changed automatically according to the normal potential curve for the electrochemical reaction of the charged battery. The utility model has the advantages that implementing the automatically self adaptive control of the charging process with a simple circuit and low cost, reducing the mechanical stress from the twinkling fluctuation on the charging voltage, preventing the plates of the battery from being damaged, and prolonging the service life of the lead-acid battery significantly.

Description

A kind of pulse constant energy charging method of lead acid accumulator and charging device thereof

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of charging method and its charging device that is used for lead acid accumulator, specifically be meant pulse constant energy charging method and pulse constant energy charging device thereof.

Background technology

Because the rise of electric motor car in recent years, lead acid accumulator is widely used on the industries such as power assist vehicle, telecommunication.Acid accumulator is mainly used in the standby of work main power source before, and strong as power assist vehicle to put the mode of operation of filling by force be disadvantageous for this battery, thus in the past existing many charge modes for this process of filling by force is not too suitable at present.The operation principle of lead acid accumulator is that the mode that electric energy changes chemical energy into is carried out energy storage, and discharge then changes electric energy into by chemical energy provides electric energy to load.The existing pulse current charge control method that adopts in the existing battery charging plant, as having introduced a kind of charger that adopts the pulse charging current mode in the utility model patent 00201335.5 " novel fast-pulse charger ", but it is unfavorable for the useful life of storage battery, the constant voltage charge easy overcurrent when cell voltage potential is low that also has part to adopt; And constant current charge easy overload heating when cell voltage potential is high is equipped with the chemical reaction process when considering the electric energy conversion, all can not reach the requirement to lead-acid battery optimal charge pattern, has all limited the useful life of lead acid accumulator.

Summary of the invention

Defective at prior art, the present invention is intended to the characteristics according to the lead acid accumulator chemical reaction process, pulse constant energy charging method and its charging device of a kind of lead acid accumulator are provided, can be by the with low cost and permanent energy of the simple hardware of circuit adaptive control charging process, can reduce the mechanical stress that the charge power supply momentary fluctuation produces, avoid the pole plate of storage battery to damage, effectively prolonged the useful life of lead acid accumulator.

To achieve the above object of the invention, the invention provides a kind of pulse constant energy charging method of lead acid accumulator, convert alternating voltage to direct voltage, convert to again with filled the low pressure charging voltage that storage battery adapts after, charge a battery by control batch (-type) pulse and energy constant, the control procedure of described energy constant is, charging current and battery tension are detected, analyze, and by the corresponding charged electric potential of adjusting automatically of the conventional potential curve of the electrochemical reaction of being filled storage battery, A on the wherein corresponding described potential curve, three flex points of B and C, when beginning to charge, detect the starting point on the corresponding potential curve of starting voltage of storage battery, set A point on the corresponding potential curve of a reference voltage again, when the storage battery electromotive force is higher than reference voltage A point, progressively rising according to the storage battery electromotive force gradually reduces the input current to storage battery accordingly; Set B point on the corresponding potential curve of a reference voltage, when the storage battery electromotive force reaches the B point, stop outside power supply, when setting the corresponding potential curve C of reference voltage point, when detecting the storage battery electromotive force and fall back to the C point, circuit is reworked, and repeats AB section charge mode.

The present invention also provides a kind of pulse constant energy charging device of realizing above-mentioned charging method, comprise full-wave rectifying circuit, supply control unit, the intermittent pulse modulating unit, simulation multivibrator and inverse-excitation type voltage changer, it is characterized in that, also comprise the energy output control circuit that is connected with inverse-excitation type voltage changer output, wherein said full-wave rectifying circuit is provided with the input that is used for being connected AC power with supply control unit, one output of supply control unit connects the input of simulation multivibrator, and its another output inserts the input of intermittent pulse modulating unit; The output of intermittent pulse modulating unit is connected with the input of simulation multivibrator, the output of simulation multivibrator and full-wave rectifying circuit is connected the input of inverse-excitation type voltage changer respectively, described energy output control circuit passes through optocoupler feedback signal wherein, insert the simulation multivibrator and constitute feedback circuit, and the energy output control circuit is useful on the output that connects the batteries input.

Described energy output control circuit is made of voltage comparator U4 and peripheral components, wherein 6R1 and voltage stabilizing didoe 6W1 constitute a voltage stabilizing circuit, form reference data voltage, resistance 6R7 is connected with optocoupler 4G1, form signal feedback by optocoupler 4G1 and insert the simulation multi-resmator, 6R2 and 6R5 constitute potential-divider network and insert the U4 inverting input, the potential-divider network that 6R3 and 6R4 constitute inserts the in-phase input end of U4, U4 output and current-limiting resistance 6R7 insert optocoupler 4G1, be connected with feedback resistance 6R6 and form the return difference circuit between the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U4 and output.

Described full-wave rectifying circuit comprises that rectifier diode 1D1,1D2,1D3 and 1D4 constitute, and inserts anti exciting converter high voltage direct current input end through the filter capacitor 1C1 bleeder resistance 1R1 in parallel with it.

Described supply control unit inserts transformer 2B1 by AC power, absorb electric capacity 2C2 through rectifier bridge BR, filtering capacitor 2C1, current-limiting resistance 2R1, voltage-stabiliser tube 2W1 and burr and constitute dc supply, insert simulation multivibrator, intermittent pulse modulating unit respectively by power output end again.

Described multivibrator comprises voltage comparator U1, U2, wherein determine the 4R4 of frequency of oscillation and the inverting input that 4C1 inserts U1, pull-up resistor 4R5 and 4R3 connect into the U1 in-phase input end, the 4R6 inverting input that inserts voltage comparator U2 in parallel that U1 connects by its output with 4C2, the in-phase input end of 4R7 access in parallel U2 with 4R8, and 4R8 is parallel with optocoupler 4G1, and the U2 output inserts and promotes transistor to 3Q1 and 3Q2.

Described anti exciting converter inserts the high-frequency rectification circuit that is made of 6D1,6C2 by high frequency transformer 3T1, after the high voltage direct current of being imported by full-wave rectification directly inserts the spike absorption circuit that is made of 3C1,3R3 simultaneously, is connected with high back-pressure VMOS pipe 3Q3 again; The grid of high back-pressure VMOS pipe by 3R1 and the transistor that is used for 3Q1 that pulse signal amplifies and 3Q2 composition to being connected.

Described intermittent pulse modulation circuit comprises voltage comparator U3, and the U3 output is by inserting the negative pole of diode 5D1, is connected with the base stage of 3Q2 with 3Q1 in the simulation multi-resmator.

Operation principle of the present invention is described in detail as follows: adopt conventional rectification circuit will exchange the working power that 220 volts of voltage transformations become about 310 volts of direct currents, give the power supply of inverse-excitation type voltage changer, and supply control unit is to exchange the rectification through routine after transformer 2B1 step-down of 220 volts of voltages, give the The whole control loop power supply behind filtering, the voltage stabilizing circuit, supply power voltage is+12 volts; The inverse-excitation type voltage changer is made of high back-pressure VMOS pipe 3Q3 and high frequency transformer 3T1, utilize the mode of electric energy-magnetic energy-electric energy conversion to be converted to the low-voltage direct electric energy by the high voltage direct current electric energy that full-wave rectifying circuit provides, realize the transmission of constant energy simultaneously in the mode of control impuls width, further realize the permanent purpose that can charge.The driving pulse of simulation multivibrator generation Fixed width promotes high back-pressure VMOS pipe 3Q3 and carries out the DC/DC conversion.The adjustment of its pulse duty factor is finished by aftermentioned energy output control circuit.Described multivibrator is made of common voltage comparator U1 and peripheral circuit, and 4R4 and 4C1 determine its frequency of oscillation, and 4R5 is a pull-up resistor.4R6 and 4C2 carry out conversion to the U1 output waveform, and the negative-phase input that makes U2 is a triangular wave, and under the effect of 4R7 and 4R8, the pulse duration that U2 is exported is subjected to the control of optocoupler 4G1.When the 4G1 conducting, the pulse duration of U2 output will progressively narrow down until shutoff.Wherein the conducting of 4G1 with otherwise by energy output control circuit control, promptly decide on the battery charge situation.

It is right that 3Q1 and 3Q2 form transistor, the pulse of U2 output is amplified, by 3R1 high back-pressure VMOS pipe 3Q3 is driven then, make 3Q3 be operated on off state, when the 3Q3 conducting, by obtaining elementary over the ground the form path of high-voltage DC power supply by 3T1 after the 220V rectification, high frequency transformer 3T1 magnetizes; When 3Q3 by the time, the high frequency transformer primary current is cut off suddenly, and the magnetic field energy in the transformer will by Secondary winding of transformer form electric current by high-frequency rectification diode 6D1 to load power supply, its electric energy how much be to decide by the 3Q3 ON time.Therefore by control, just can realize control to rechargeable energy to the 3Q3 pulse duration.

U3 and peripheral circuit are formed the intermittent pulse modulation circuit jointly, it realizes that principle is the same with simulation multivibrator part, just the concussion cycle is longer, be far longer than U1, by diode 5D1 transistor 3Q1 and 3Q2 are controlled, stop when breaking when making charging process, to satisfy the requirement of electrolyte diffusion, to avoid the excessive concentration of local electrolyte.

U4 has constituted the energy output control circuit with corresponding resistance-capacitance network, this circuit can provide suitable control signal according to the state of storage battery, segmentation control to rechargeable energy, make whole system from the satisfied requirement of energy supplement to charge in batteries, its principle is at the charge in batteries initial stage, with the makeup energy is that main purpose is charged, and at charge in batteries during near the terminal point current potential, carry out little energy supplement charging modes, fully do not cause the purpose of pole plate heating again to realize to charge, and the suitable moment stop the charging, when electromotive force drops into certain numerical value, restart the boost charge process control.

With reference to accompanying drawing 3, the charge in batteries curve as can be known: in curve OA section, be that storage battery energy replenishes section, this section is by charging normal the energy charging; And in the AB section, it is very fast that the end electromotive force of storage battery rises, and this moment, accumulator internal resistance increased, and should suitably reduce rechargeable energy, avoids the pole plate heating; Fall after rise the stage for stopping to provide the energy after-potential to get automatically to storage battery in the BC section, after electromotive force fell back the C point, charging device should start once more, continued to go round and begin again to the storage battery makeup energy, till rated value.

Charging method of the present invention and pulse constant energy charging device adopt pure hardware circuit to finish, so cost are low, the reliability height, and also circuit is simple.Wherein batch (-type) charging allows the storage battery electrolyte inside that arranged sufficient diffusion time, avoids local concentration of electrolyte too high and form the lead sulfate bulky grain, causes battery capacity to descend; And utilize pulse transformer to constitute excitation type converter, with constant energy to charge in batteries; Do not adopt intelligent device to constitute, and utilize conventional cheap integrated circuit to realize its charging control loop, thereby avoid the possibility of intelligent device soft failure, improve the reliability of circuit, reduce overall cost simultaneously; The output energy carries out tracking Control according to the charging curve of storage battery, inverse signal is finished by optocoupler, can adjust rechargeable energy and intermittent time automatically according to the battery virtual condition, both guaranteed that every Battery pack electric weight can be sufficient, avoided again causing hydrolysis to lose electric liquid because of overcharging; The terminal time of charging adopts short pulse to form to overcharge in short-term slight sulfuration pole plate is repaired.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the normal charge time-potential curve figure of lead acid accumulator;

Fig. 2 is the charging device theory diagram of an embodiment of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a kind of embodiment circuit diagram of block diagram shown in Figure 2.

Embodiment

Exchange 220 volts of voltages are transformed into about 310 volts of direct currents by the rectification of the heap of the rectifier bridge in the full-wave rectifying circuit, capacitor filtering working power, give the power supply of inverse-excitation type voltage changer, exchange the also process rectifier bridge BR rectification afterwards of the transformer 2B1 step-down in supply control unit simultaneously of 220 volts of voltages, provide+12 volts of voltages for after electric capacity 2C1,2R1 filtering, the voltage-stabiliser tube 2W1 voltage stabilizing The whole control loop; Voltage comparator U1 in the described multivibrator adopts LM339, and the frequency of oscillation of multivibrator is about 50KHZ by 4R4 and 4C1 decision, and 4R5 is a pull-up resistor.4R6 and 4C2 carry out conversion to the U1 output waveform, and the negative-phase input that makes U2 is a triangular wave, and under the effect of 4R7 and 4R8, the pulse duration that U2 is exported is subjected to the control of optocoupler 4G1.When the 4G1 conducting, the pulse duration of U2 output will progressively narrow down until shutoff.Wherein the concussion cycle is that U3 adopts LM339 in the intermittent pulse modulation circuit of 0.3HZ, by diode 5D1 transistor 3Q1 and 3Q2 are controlled, stop when breaking when making charging process, must ask, get excessive concentration to avoid local electrolyte to satisfy the electrolyte diffusion.The transistor that 3Q1 and 3Q2 form is to amplifying the pulse of U2 output, by 3R1 high back-pressure VMOS pipe 3Q3 is driven then, make 3Q3 be operated on off state: when the 3Q3 conducting, by obtaining elementary over the ground the form path of high-voltage DC power supply by 3T1 after the 220V rectification, high frequency transformer 3T1 magnetizes; When 3Q3 by the time, the high frequency transformer primary current is cut off suddenly, and the magnetic field energy in the transformer will by Secondary winding of transformer form electric current by high-frequency rectification diode 6D1 to load power supply, its electric energy how much be to decide by the 3Q3 ON time.

6R1 and 6W1 constitute a voltage stabilizing circuit in the energy output control circuit, when charged electric potential is put near curve A, the dividing point electromotive force of 8R6 and 6R9 will be higher than 6W1 and go up voltage, optocoupler 4G1 by 6R7 with progressively conducting, current potential on the 4R8 descends at this moment, thereby cause the U2 pulse narrowing, charging device provides energy to gradually reduce to storage battery, and making its charging current is below half of original value; When the storage battery electromotive force further is elevated to the B point, the dividing potential drop of 6R2 and 6R5 will be higher than the dividing potential drop of 6R3 and 6R4 at this moment, and U4 output this moment will be by high step-down, and this moment, 4G1 was with complete conducting, and then caused U2 to turn-off, and made device stop to storage battery power supply.Because U4 is output as when hanging down, and is by the effect of 6R6 that U4 is locked, has only when outer potential drop hangs down the C point, 6R2 and 6R5 dividing potential drop are reduced to U4 is overturn, and this moment, circuit was started working again.

In the control procedure of described energy constant, (its single group voltage rating is 2 volts at lead acid accumulator, what the present invention adopted is 6 12 overhead accumulators that single group series connection constitutes) voltage detecting, analyze, and by the corresponding charged electric potential of adjusting automatically of the conventional potential curve of the electrochemical reaction of being filled storage battery, A on the wherein corresponding described potential curve, three flex points of B and C, when beginning to charge, detect the initial O point on 12 volts of corresponding potential curves of starting voltage of storage battery, set A point on 13.8 volts of corresponding potential curves of reference voltage again, when the storage battery electromotive force is higher than reference voltage A point, feed back signal to charging circuit by optocoupler, progressively rising according to the storage battery electromotive force, input current to storage battery correspondingly gradually reduces, and making its charging current is below 50% of original value; Set B point on 15 volts of corresponding potential curves of reference voltage, when the storage battery electromotive force reaches the B point, stop to storage battery power supply; When setting the corresponding potential curve C point of 14.4 volts of reference voltages between A point and B point, when detecting the storage battery electromotive force and fall back to the C point, circuit is reworked, and repeats AB section charge mode.

Claims

1, a kind of pulse constant energy charging method of lead acid accumulator, convert alternating voltage to direct voltage, convert to again with filled the low pressure charging voltage that storage battery adapts after, charge a battery by control batch (-type) pulse and energy constant, it is characterized in that, the control procedure of energy constant is, charging current and battery tension are detected, analyze, and by the corresponding charged electric potential of adjusting automatically of the conventional potential curve of the electrochemical reaction of being filled storage battery, A on the wherein corresponding described potential curve, three flex points of B and C, when beginning to charge, detect the starting point on the corresponding potential curve of starting voltage of storage battery, set A point on the corresponding potential curve of a reference voltage again, when the storage battery electromotive force is higher than the reference voltage that A is ordered on the corresponding potential curve, feed back signal to charging circuit by optocoupler,, gradually reduce to the input current of storage battery is corresponding according to the progressively rising of storage battery electromotive force; Set B point on the corresponding potential curve of a reference voltage, when the storage battery electromotive force reaches the reference voltage that B is ordered on the corresponding potential curve, stop to storage battery power supply; When setting the corresponding potential curve C of reference voltage point, when detecting the storage battery electromotive force and fall back to the reference voltage that C is ordered on the corresponding potential curve, circuit is reworked, repetition AB section charge mode.

2, a kind of charging device that is used for realizing the pulse constant energy charging method of the described lead acid accumulator of claim 1, it is characterized in that, comprise full-wave rectifying circuit, supply control unit, the intermittent pulse modulating unit, the simulation multivibrator, inverse-excitation type voltage changer and the energy output control circuit that is connected with inverse-excitation type voltage changer output, wherein said full-wave rectifying circuit is provided with the input that is used for being connected AC power with supply control unit, one output of supply control unit connects the input of simulation multivibrator, and its another output inserts the input of intermittent pulse modulating unit; The output of intermittent pulse modulating unit is connected with the input of simulation multivibrator, the output of simulation multivibrator and full-wave rectifying circuit is connected the input of inverse-excitation type voltage changer respectively, described energy output control circuit passes through optocoupler feedback signal wherein, insert the simulation multivibrator and constitute feedback circuit, and the energy output control circuit is useful on the output that connects the batteries input.

3, according to the described charging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described energy output control circuit is made of voltage comparator U4 and peripheral components, wherein resistance 6R1 and voltage stabilizing didoe 6W1 constitute a voltage stabilizing circuit, form reference data voltage, resistance 6R7 is connected with optocoupler 4G1, form signal feedback by optocoupler 4G1 and insert the simulation multivibrator, resistance 6R2 and resistance 6R5 constitute potential-divider network and insert the U4 inverting input, the potential-divider network that resistance 6R3 and resistance 6R4 constitute inserts the in-phase input end of U4, U4 output and current-limiting resistance 6R7 insert optocoupler 4G1, be connected with feedback resistance 6R6 and form the return difference circuit between the in-phase input end of voltage comparator U4 and output.

4, according to the described charging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described full-wave rectifying circuit comprises that rectifier diode 1D1,1D2,1D3 and 1D4 constitute, and inserts inverse-excitation type voltage changer high voltage direct current input end through the filter capacitor 1C1 bleeder resistance 1R1 in parallel with it.

5, according to the described charging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described supply control unit inserts transformer 2B1 by AC power, absorb electric capacity 2C2 through rectifier bridge BR, filtering capacitor 2C1, current-limiting resistance 2R1, voltage-stabiliser tube 2W1 and burr and constitute dc supply, insert simulation multivibrator, intermittent pulse modulating unit respectively by power output end again.

6, according to the described charging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described multivibrator comprises voltage comparator U1, U2, wherein determine the resistance 4R4 of frequency of oscillation and the inverting input that capacitor 4C1 inserts U1, pull-up resistor 4R5 and 4R3 connect into the U1 in-phase input end, the resistance 4R6 inverting input that inserts voltage comparator U2 in parallel that U1 connects by its output with capacitor 4C2, the in-phase input end of resistance 4R7 access in parallel U2 with 4R8, and resistance 4R8 is parallel with optocoupler 4G1, and the U2 output inserts and promotes transistor to 3Q1 and 3Q2.

7, according to the described charging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that, described inverse-excitation type voltage changer inserts the high-frequency rectification circuit that is made of diode 6D1, electric capacity 6C2 by high frequency transformer 3T1, after inserting the spike absorption circuit that constitutes by capacitor 3C1, resistance 3R3 by the high voltage direct current of full-wave rectifying circuit input is direct simultaneously, be connected with high back-pressure VMOS pipe 3Q3 again; The grid of high back-pressure VMOS pipe by resistance 3R1 and the transistor that is used for 3Q1 that pulse signal amplifies and 3Q2 composition to being connected.

According to the described charging device of claim 2, it is characterized in that 8, described intermittent pulse modulating unit comprises voltage comparator U3, the U3 output is by inserting the negative pole of diode 5D1, with transistor in the simulation multivibrator 3Q1 is connected with the base stage of 3Q2.