CN207234455U - Super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit - Google Patents
Super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN207234455U CN207234455U CN201721168380.5U CN201721168380U CN207234455U CN 207234455 U CN207234455 U CN 207234455U CN 201721168380 U CN201721168380 U CN 201721168380U CN 207234455 U CN207234455 U CN 207234455U
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Abstract
It the utility model is related to a kind of super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit; including voltage detecting sub-circuit; it is connected between the positive and negative anodes of lithium battery; charge and discharge control sub-circuit; it is connected to the anode of the lithium battery; the voltage detecting sub-circuit is also connected with the charge and discharge control sub-circuit and controls conducting and the conducting direction of the charge and discharge control sub-circuit, belongs to electronic technology field.Using the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of structure described in the utility model; its power consumption is 280nA under normal operation; resting state only 180nA; the power consumption of traditional li-ion cell protection IC is uA grades; therefore compared with traditional product; the utility model substantially has the advantage of longer stand-by time, solves the problems, such as to the frequent discharge and recharge of lithium battery, and remains able to accurately detect the trigger point of various protections under the performance of low-power consumption.And the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model, its structure is relatively easy, and production and use cost are cheap, and application range is also relatively extensive.
Description
Technical field
It the utility model is related to electronic technology field, more particularly to battery charge-discharge circuit technical field, in particular to one
Kind super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit.
Background technology
In recent years, PDA, mobile phone, video camera, portable music device, game machine, power assist vehicle, electric car, bluetooth equipment etc.
More and more products start to regard its main power source using lithium battery.Reason is nothing more than lithium battery is small, energy is close
Spend the advantages such as height, memory-less effect, cycle life height, high voltage, self-discharge rate be low.Due to lithium battery and ni-Cd, Ni-MH battery
Difference, it must take into consideration safety when charging, electric discharge, prevents preventing for deterioration in characteristics.But also therefore, for the mistake of lithium battery
Fill, cross put, the protection of overcurrent and short circuit current flow just seems even more important.So usually all can in battery pack design protection line
Road is protecting lithium battery, it can be seen that the importance of li-ion cell protection IC.
Lithium ion battery is because energy density is high, and there are certain risk for the security of battery.Specifically, overcharging
Under state, after battery temperature rises energy by surplus, then electrolyte decomposition and produce gas, inner pressure of battery rises, and exists and leads
Cause the danger caught fire or ruptured.Conversely, under over-discharge state, electrolyte causes battery behavior deterioration and durability because of decomposition
Deterioration (i.e. charging times reduce).
The protection circuit of lithium ion battery makes sure that battery is in the security to overcharge and during discharge condition, and
Prevent the deterioration of characteristic.
Traditional lithium ionic battery protection circuit is as shown in Figure 1, its function includes:(1) protection, (2) are overcharged excessively
Discharge prevention, (3) overcurrent/short-circuit protection.The protection act of this three functions is illustrated below.
1) overcharge:
When lithium battery overcharges, battery Inner electrolysis matter can be decomposed so that temperature rises and produces gas, makes
Obtain pressure to rise and the crisis of spontaneous combustion or explosion may be caused, li-ion cell protection IC purposes seek to prevent the situation of overcharge from sending out
It is raw.
Overcharge protection IC principles:
When external charger charges lithium battery, to prevent the internal pressure caused by temperature rises from rising, it need to terminate and fill
Electric situation, protects IC to detect cell voltage at this time, (assuming that over-charging of battery point is 4.25V) and starts when reaching 4.25V
Charge protection, switchs to OFF by Power MOS by ON, and then ends charging.
It is possible to produce malfunction by noise jamming in addition, overcharging electro-detection, to exempt to be judged to noise to overcharge protection,
Need to set time delay, and time delay can not be shorter than the time of noise.
2) over-discharge:
In the case of over-discharge, electrolyte causes battery behavior to deteriorate because of decomposition, and causes the drop of charging times
Low, li-ion cell protection IC reaches protection act to protect the situation of its overdischarge to occur.
Over-discharge protects IC principles:
The state of lithium battery over-discharge in order to prevent, it is assumed that lithium battery connects load, when lithium battery voltage is less than its mistake
Discharge voltage test point (assuming that being set as 2.3V), will start over, Power MOS be switched to OFF by ON, and then cut
Only discharge, reach protection and occur to avoid battery over-discharge phenomenon.And battery is maintained to the state of low quiescent current
(standby mode)。
When lithium battery connects charger, and lithium battery voltage is higher than overdischarge voltage at this time, deep-discharge protection side
It can release.
In addition, for the situation for pulsed discharge, putting detecting also is provided with time delay to prevent such a malfunction excessively.
3) overcurrent and short circuit current flow:
It is true because unknown cause (during electric discharge or positive and negative anodes suffer metal object false touch) causes overcurrent or short circuit current flow to occur
Ensure safety, it is stopped electric discharge.
Current protection IC principles:
When discharge current is excessive or short-circuit conditions occur, protection IC will start (short circuit) current protection, excessively electric at this time
The detection of stream is to monitor the decline situation of its voltage, if than set by by the Rds (on) of Power MOS as induced impedance
Overcurrent detection voltage also it is high then stop electric discharge.
Formula is:
V-=I × Rds (on) × 2
Wherein, V- detects voltage for overcurrent, it is assumed that the size of V-=0.2V, Rds (on)=25m Ω, then protective current
For I=4A
Likewise, overcurrent detection also has to be equipped with time delay to prevent that when having unexpected electric current to flow into may occur
Malfunction.
Usually after overcurrent generation, if overcurrent can be removed (such as:Depart from once with load etc.), it will return
Its multiple normal condition, can carry out normal discharge and recharge action again.
Protect the requirement of circuit:
A the height of protection of) overcharging is refined:
, must cut-off to prevent the internal pressure caused by temperature rises from rising when lithium ion battery has overcharged state
Charged state.This protection IC detects cell voltage, when detect overcharge when, then the Power- for the detecting that makes to overcharge
MOSFET is arranged to OFF, cut-off charging.At this time it should be noted that the high precision int of the detection voltage to overcharge.Charge in battery
When, it is the problem of user takes notice of battery is charged to full state very much, meanwhile, the problem of taking into account security, Jiu get
End charged state when reaching allowable voltage.To meet the two conditions at the same time it is necessary to there is very high-precision detector, at present
Precision is 25mV, but the oncoming force need to be had to the requirement of more precision.
B the power consumption stream for) lowering protection IC reaches over-discharge protection purpose:
The lithium ion battery battery of electricity had been filled as usage time, cell voltage can be decrescence finally low to arrive specification standards value
Below.Just need to charge once again at this time.If being continuing with if uncharged, probably (over-discharge state) can not have just been recharged.
And be to prevent over-discharge state, protection IC is the state that detect cell voltage, once reach below overdischarge detecting voltage, just
It must make the Power-MOSFET OFF of one side of electric discharge and end electric discharge.But battery still has nature to discharge and protects IC's in itself at this time
Consume electric current to exist, it is therefore desirable to the degree for being preferably minimized the power consumption stream of protection IC.
C) overcurrent/short-circuit protection need to have low detecting voltage and high-precision requirement:
When unknown cause, which causes short circuit, high current consume, to ensure that safety is allowed to stop electric discharge.In overcurrent
Detecting be for induced impedance, to monitor the decline of its voltage, if voltage at this time is than excessively electric with the Rds of Power MOS (on)
Stream detecting voltage stops electric discharge when also high.In order to make the Rds of Power MOS (on) when charging current is with discharge current it is effective
Application, the impedance value need to be made as far as possible low, (about 20m Ω~30m Ω at present).In this way, overcurrent detecting voltage can be relatively low.
D pressure voltage) is realized:
Moment has high pressure generation when battery pack is connected with charger, therefore protects IC to have because possessing " high voltage bearing requirement
(the protection IC of Ricoh can afford 28V).
E) low power consumption:
When reaching protection, its static power consumption stream has to small (0.1uA).
F) zero volt is chargeable:
Some batteries cause voltage is low to arrive 0V during storage probably due to putting too long or abnormal reason, therefore protect
Shield IC needs the action that can also be charged in 0V.
In conclusion the major defect of the prior art is：The quiescent current of traditional Li battery protection IC is all a few uA,
Charge so that stand-by time not enough must just do lithium battery long, and discharge and recharge is frequently done to lithium battery, battery uses the longevity
Life will greatly shorten.
Utility model content
The purpose of the utility model is to overcome it is above-mentioned in the prior art the shortcomings that, there is provided it is a kind of with it is longer standby when
Between, the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of lithium battery service life can be extended.
In order to realize above-mentioned purpose, the utility model has following form：
The super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit, including voltage detecting sub-circuit, are connected to the positive and negative of lithium battery
Between pole, charge and discharge control sub-circuit, is connected to the anode of the lithium battery, the voltage detecting sub-circuit is also connected with described
Charge and discharge control sub-circuit and control conducting and the conducting direction of the charge and discharge control sub-circuit.
In the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit, the operating power consumption of the lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit is
260nA~300nA, dormancy power consumption are 160nA~200nA.
In the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit, charge and discharge control sub-circuit is connected to institute including two
The opposite MOSFET of the cathode of lithium battery and conducting direction stated, voltage detecting sub-circuit connection two MOSFET
Grid.
In the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit, the voltage detecting sub-circuit and the charge and discharge are automatically controlled
System circuit package is in a chip.
In the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit, the chip includes connecting the lithium battery anode
GND pin, VREF pins and the VOC pins of VDD pins, the connection cathode of lithium battery, further include VM pins, the voltage
Detection sub-circuit is connected between the VDD pins and VREF pins, and between the VDD pins and VOC pins,
The charge and discharge control sub-circuit is connected between the GND pin and the VM pins, external charger or load
It is connected between cathode and the VM pins of the lithium battery.
Using the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of structure described in the utility model, its power consumption is in normal operating
It is 280nA down, the power consumption of resting state only 180nA, traditional li-ion cell protection IC are uA grades, therefore compared with traditional product,
The utility model substantially has the advantage of longer stand-by time, solves the problems, such as to the frequent discharge and recharge of lithium battery, and in low work(
Remain able to accurately detect the trigger point of various protections under the performance of consumption.And the super low-power consumption lithium battery of the utility model fills
Discharge protection circuit, its structure is relatively easy, and production and use cost are cheap, and application range is also relatively extensive.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is Li battery protection IC exterior part wiring diagram of the prior art.
Fig. 2 is the exterior part wiring diagram of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model.
Fig. 3 is charging electricity of the charger of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model to lithium battery
Flow path schematic diagram.
Fig. 4 is discharge current of the lithium battery to load of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model
Path schematic diagram.
Fig. 5 is that the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit and its circuit board of the utility model and battery assembling are shown
It is intended to.
Embodiment
In order to be more clearly understood that the technology contents of the utility model, described in detail especially exemplified by following embodiments.
Refer to shown in Fig. 2, the exterior part for the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model connects
Line chart.
In one embodiment, as shown in Fig. 2, the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit includes voltage detecting
Sub-circuit, is connected between the positive and negative anodes of lithium battery, charge and discharge control sub-circuit, is connected to the anode of the lithium battery, described
Voltage detecting sub-circuit be also connected with the charge and discharge control sub-circuit and control the charge and discharge control sub-circuit conducting and
Conducting direction.The voltage detecting sub-circuit and the charge and discharge control sub-circuit are packaged in a chip.Lithium electricity
The operating power consumption of pond charge-discharge protection circuit is 260nA~300nA, and dormancy power consumption is 160nA~200nA.
In a preferred embodiment, charge and discharge control sub-circuit is connected to the cathode of lithium battery including two
And the MOSFET that conducting direction is opposite, the grid of voltage detecting sub-circuit connection two MOSFET.Described
Chip includes connecting the VDD pins of the lithium battery anode, GND pin, VREF pins and the VOC of the connection cathode of lithium battery
Pin, further includes VM pins, and the voltage detecting sub-circuit is connected between the VDD pins and VREF pins, and
Between the VDD pins and VOC pins, the charge and discharge control sub-circuit is connected to the GND pin and described
Between VM pins, external charger or load are connected between cathode and the VM pins of the lithium battery.
Integrated circuit (according to its scale, being often referred to as " super large-scale integration " now) is by the decades since invention
In time, its integrated level and speed is all constantly increased with the speed of index, and Moore's Law, which has this phenomenon, roughly to be estimated.
Although most experts recognize that this growth eventually reaches an end, but the performance that integrated circuit can reach at that time is still not
Can clearly it predict.It can be reached using device made of traditional material metal oxide semiconductor field effect tube (MOSFET)
6.3 nanometers of channel width, and almost 1 nanometer of ditch road width can be then obtained using new carbon nanotubes as grid material
Degree.Element height is intensive in integrated circuit, and therefore, its performance is largely limited be subject to power problems.Have benefited from excellent
The device design of change, the power consumption of single complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) are constantly reducing, but due to chip
Characteristic size is constantly shunk, and the number of transistors on unit area is more and more, thus the power dissipation of PC still with
Annual about 22% ratio increases.
Substantial amounts of capacity load is contained in IC chip, they have plenty of that designer is purposefully added (such as
The gate-channel capacitance of CMOS), some is then (the electricity produced between such as adjacent but not connected conducting wire being not intended to
Hold).For the parasitic capacitance being not intended to, the change of circuit state, can bring one to be born by connected resistor to it
The process for carrying to charge, discharge, this process will expend electric energy.This part is dynamic work(caused by circuit state switching
Consumption.
With the diminution of circuit size, the influence of subthreshold current can also become more notable.For optimal crystal
Pipe, when grid voltage is less than threshold voltage (cut-in voltage), transistor is in cut-off region (sub-threshold region), that is, shows as not turning on
State, thus when circuit logic is in stable condition in theory do not have quiescent dissipation.But actual MOSFET is in cut-off region, ditch
Still there is micro subthreshold current in road by the way that therefore there are quiescent dissipation for real circuit.Although the subthreshold of single transistor
It is worth electric current very little, but since super large-scale integration contains substantial amounts of transistor, power consumption caused by total current is suitable
It is considerable.
Since power consumption caused by subthreshold current can be reduced by improving threshold voltage and reducing supply voltage.No
Cross, these methods can reduce the speed of circuit, therefore some modern low consumption circuits employ dual-supply voltage, are needing
Ensure to use the design for being conducive to arithmetic speed in the critical path of speed, and low consumption circuit is used on non-critical path.
Some circuits can be built using the transistor of different threshold voltages, so that before ensureing performance from too big loss as far as possible
Put reduction overall power.
Circuit contained by inside the super low-power consumption Li battery protection IC of the utility model is all the characteristic using sub-threshold region
To design.Therefore the requirement of ultralow electric current can be reached.
In practical applications, the operation principle of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model is as follows：
A. battery charges：If Fig. 3 is the charger pair of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model
The charging current path of lithium battery, charging current returns to lithium battery charging by charger anode via the MOSFET of conducting again fills
Electric appliance negative terminal.
B. battery discharge：If Fig. 4 is the lithium battery pair of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model
The discharge current path of load, discharge current return to lithium battery via the MOSFET of conducting again by lithium battery anode to load discharge
Negative terminal.
C. electric current/overdischarge stream is overcharged when charging process or discharge process chip detect overcharged voltage/overdischarge pressure/
Situation, chip can turn off discharge and recharge behavior of the internal MOSFET preventions to lithium battery.
D. treat that cell voltage is returned to outside protection voltage, turn on internal MOSFET again, wait Charger or Load pairs
Battery carries out discharge and recharge.
The super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit and its circuit board of the utility model and the signal of battery assembling
Shown in Fig. 5, battery connects with the cathode and ground of charger, and system load is then the VM feet for passing through chip, thus
All discharge and recharge behaviors of lithium battery can all be monitored be subject to chip, and reaching wearable product is ensuring the premise of user security
Under, enjoy the standby advantage of ultra-long time that low-power consumption is brought.
Table 1 below consumes electric current at room temperature for the static of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model
Measured.
The static consumption electric current of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of 1 the utility model of table
Table 2 below carries out continuous 5 for the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model with PTS-2008
The secondary result precisely tested.
| Number | Overvoltage (V) | Overvoltage discharges (V) | Overdischarge pressure (V) | Overdischarge pressure release (V) |
| 1 | 4.426 | 4.238 | 2.537 | 2.9 |
| 2 | 4.426 | 4.238 | 2.538 | 2.901 |
| 3 | 4.427 | 4.2 | 2.53 | 2.9 |
| 4 | 4.427 | 4.239 | 2.537 | 2.9 |
| 5 | 4.426 | 4.238 | 2.535 | 2.898 |
The super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of 2 the utility model of table carries out continuous 5 essences with PTS-2008
The result of quasi- test
Table 3 below is the parameter of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of the utility model.
The parameter of the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of 3 the utility model of table
It can find out from measurement close to the central value of specification, it may be said that bright the utility model has done the skill in power saving
Art is broken through, while still possesses detecting voltage defencive function that is accurate and stablizing.
Using the super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit of structure described in the utility model, its power consumption is in normal operating
It is 280nA down, the power consumption of resting state only 180nA, traditional li-ion cell protection IC are uA grades, therefore compared with traditional product,
The utility model substantially has the advantage of longer stand-by time, solves the problems, such as to the frequent discharge and recharge of lithium battery, and in low work(
Remain able to accurately detect the trigger point of various protections under the performance of consumption.And the super low-power consumption lithium battery of the utility model fills
Discharge protection circuit, its structure is relatively easy, and production and use cost are cheap, and application range is also relatively extensive.
In this description, the utility model is described with reference to its specific embodiment.But it is clear that still can be with
The spirit and scope that various modification can be adapted and converts without departing from the utility model.Therefore, specification and drawings are considered as
It is illustrative and not restrictive.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit, it is characterised in that including voltage detecting sub-circuit, be connected to lithium
Between the positive and negative anodes of battery, charge and discharge control sub-circuit, is connected to the anode of the lithium battery, the voltage detecting sub-circuit
It is also connected with the charge and discharge control sub-circuit and controls conducting and the conducting direction of the charge and discharge control sub-circuit.
2. super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the lithium battery charge and discharge
The operating power consumption of electric protection circuit is 260nA~300nA, and dormancy power consumption is 160nA~200nA.
3. super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the discharge and recharge
Control sub-circuit includes two and is connected to the cathode of lithium battery and the opposite MOSFET of conducting direction, the voltage
Detect the grid of sub-circuit connection two MOSFET.
4. super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit according to any one of claim 1 to 3, it is characterised in that
The voltage detecting sub-circuit and the charge and discharge control sub-circuit are packaged in a chip.
5. super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit according to claim 4, it is characterised in that the chip bag
The VDD pins for connecting the lithium battery anode, GND pin, VREF pins and the VOC pins of the connection cathode of lithium battery are included,
VM pins are further included, the voltage detecting sub-circuit is connected between the VDD pins and VREF pins, and described
Between VDD pins and VOC pins, the charge and discharge control sub-circuit is connected to the GND pin and the VM pins
Between, external charger or load are connected between cathode and the VM pins of the lithium battery.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721168380.5U CN207234455U (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | Super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721168380.5U CN207234455U (en) | 2017-09-13 | 2017-09-13 | Super low-power consumption lithium battery charge and discharge protective circuit |
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| CN207234455U true CN207234455U (en) | 2018-04-13 |
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ID=61861771
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109327061A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-12 | 中山市奥东电子科技有限公司 | A kind of battery feed circuit |
| CN109449890A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-08 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Single lithium battery protects IC and single lithium battery to protect circuit |
| CN113258539A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-13 | 深圳能芯半导体有限公司 | Lithium battery ultra-low power consumption mode control circuit and method |
-
2017
- 2017-09-13 CN CN201721168380.5U patent/CN207234455U/en active Active
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109327061A (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2019-02-12 | 中山市奥东电子科技有限公司 | A kind of battery feed circuit |
| CN109327061B (en) * | 2018-11-30 | 2024-03-15 | 中山市奥东电子科技有限公司 | Battery power supply circuit |
| CN109449890A (en) * | 2018-12-11 | 2019-03-08 | 欣旺达电子股份有限公司 | Single lithium battery protects IC and single lithium battery to protect circuit |
| CN113258539A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-08-13 | 深圳能芯半导体有限公司 | Lithium battery ultra-low power consumption mode control circuit and method |
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