CN2072258U - Guide rail test carriage with digital timing - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to a guide rail test carriage with a digital timing function used for timing in general physics kinematics experiments. The utility model is characterized in that two switches which can slide and control the second function of an electronic watch are arranged in a shallow slot on the edge of the plate surface of a guide rail, and the two control switches are respectively connected in parallel with the second functional switches of the electronic watch by leads. A control element which is matched with the control switches of the second functional switches of the electronic watch to control the second functional switches is arranged on a bracket on one side of the physical carriage, and a single core jack is connected in parallel with the second functional switches of the electronic watch. The utility model is used in all timing experiments in general physics kinematics experiments.

Description

Guide rail test carriage with digital timing

The utility model relates to the digital timing guide rail experiment dolly that is used for minute in a kind of general physics kinematics experiment, it comprises that an end is equipped with the guide rail plate of band plate washer fixed pulley, on the guide rail plate, offer two guide-track grooves that are used for the physics moving of car, place the physics dolly on two guide-track grooves.

The middle school physical motion department of the Chinese Academy of Sciences divides the grouping experiment of minute at present, all adopt " inclined-plane dolly " and " electromagnetic shooting point timer " to finish, its formation is that inclined-plane dolly afterbody is hung paper tape, electromagnetic shooting point timer uses power frequency AC, when research object (dolly) when paper tape moves in tow along the inclined-plane, electromagnetic shooting point timer is got ready on paper tape, it is consistent with ac frequency to get number of times ready, promptly per second is got ready 50 times on paper tape, according to getting number ready and can draw the run duration of dolly indirectly on the paper tape, thereby finish experiment.Weak point is owing to get number of times ready up to per second 50 times on paper tape, thereby on paper tape, cause the instantaneous normal pressure of per second 50 times, this instantaneous normal pressure can cause the instantaneous friction force of per second 50 times for research object (dolly), makes experimental precision low, also often because of the too much recast of no marking point; Because the mensuration of time is to draw indirectly, thereby experimental result is not directly perceived, bring tortuous and cumbersome to interpretation of result; Owing to use industrial-frequency alternating current, there is bigger unsafe factor, cause this instrument of use to do experiment and be confined to high school student's use, cause the experiment that should carry out in the part junior middle school physics teaching to be restricted; Because when experiment, research object (dolly) tail end will long in tow paper tape, the experiment kind that it can be finished is few, and the experiment contents such as momentum conservation when separating under endogenetic process as research elastic collision, inelastic collision, object just can not be carried out; Owing on paper tape, get too close can't the counting ready during low-speed motion, thereby can not accurately measure the even All Time that adds the motion of (subtracting) speed; This experimental apparatus operation is complicated, time-consuming.

The purpose of this utility model is to overcome above-mentioned weak point of the prior art and a kind of run duration that can accurately measure research object is provided, need not to use industrial-frequency alternating current, must be equipped with other equipment and can establishes one's own system and finish many kinds of experimental projects, serve many purposes, and multi-functional guide rail dolly easy and simple to handle, that cost is low, numeral shows when surveying.

The purpose of this utility model can reach by following measure: the utility model comprises that an end is equipped with the guide rail plate of band plate washer fixed pulley, be positioned at and place the physics dolly on the guide-track groove of guide rail plate face, a guide rail plate side along its length is carved with length scales, it is characterized in that in the shallow slot at guide rail plate face edge, being equipped with the switch of two control electronic watch functions second that can slide along shallow slot, these two gauge tap are in parallel with the second functional switch of electronic watch respectively with lead, side at the physics dolly is equiped with a support, the realization that being equipped with on support matches with the gauge tap of electronic watch functional switch second uses is to the control element of functional switch control second, on the second of electronic watch functional switch and connect a single core jack.

The purpose of this utility model can reach by following measure: connecting with a stage clip between two round wood plates up and down, center in the opposite face of two round wood plates is fixed a scale copper electrode respectively, on lower electrode, be fixed with one and the little spring of certain interval arranged with upper electrode, upper/lower electrode and single core jack also connect formation mechanical impact switch, and mechanical impact switch and magnetic switch are in parallel with function shape second of electronic watch respectively with lead.

The purpose of this utility model also can be expressed by following other measure: in the aforementioned gauge tap that is installed on electronic watch functional switch second of guide rail plate face is magnetic control or light-operated switch, and then the control of installing on physics dolly one side stand does not have part and corresponds to permanent magnet or light source; At the physics dolly along on the end face of guide-track groove direction a volute spring being housed.Magnetic switch is connected with single core jack two ends by tongue tube and constitutes; Light-operated switch is connected by the photosensitive triode of semiconductor and is constituted with single core jack is in parallel behind the variable resistor again; A single core jack in parallel on second functional switch of electronic watch; A single core jack in parallel between mechanical impact switch two electrodes;

The drawing of accompanying drawing is described as follows:

Fig. 1 is a front view;

Fig. 2 is a vertical view;

Fig. 3 is the experiment with falling objects front view;

Fig. 4 is the magnetic switch circuit diagram;

Fig. 5 is light-controlled switching circuit figure;

Fig. 6 is function switch circuit figure second of electronic watch.

The utility model is described in further detail embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

1 for being fixedly installed in the fixed pulley of guide rail plate 2 ends among Fig. 1, between fixed pulley and guide rail plate, fix a plate washer 7 in guide rail plate 2 ends, be used for resistance shelves physics dolly 3, physics dolly (research object) 3 places in the guide rail plate face guide-track groove, two magnetic switchs 5 are installed on the shallow slot at guide rail plate 2 edges, can slide with adjustable range along shallow slot, two magnetic switchs, 5 usefulness leads are in parallel with the second functional switch of electronic watch 6 respectively, specific practice is: magnetic switch is pressed Fig. 4 circuit diagram and is made, and connects with single core jack 9 two ends with tongue tube 8; The second functional switch of electronic watch 6 is pressed Fig. 6 and is made, and 10 liang of wiring points of single core jack are in parallel with the second functional switch 11 of electronic watch; The union end of second functional switch of lead and magnetic switch 5, electronic watch 6 is equipped with the single-core plug that matches with single core jack; Two permanent magnets 4 are housed on the support 12 of physics dolly 3 one sides, can only adorn a permanent magnet according to the needs of experimental project; On an end face of physics moving of car direction, adorn a taper little spring 13, this spring and plate washer 7 have bumped against damping effect during experiment, the mutually opposed and compression spring of spring on two physics dollies, then this spring can provide the internal force of work " momentum conservation of object when endogenetic process is separated " experiment.Experiment is performed such: 1, survey physics dolly 3 run durations: physics dolly 3 is placed on guide rail plate 2 reference positions, with fine rule one termination dolly, the other end strides across pulley 1 and connects the traction counterweight, adorn a magnet 4 on dolly 3 side supports 12, when dolly 3 moves through first magnetic switch 5 under the counterweight traction, tongue tube 8 in 4 pairs of magnetic switchs of magnet on the dolly 35 produces magnetization and adhesive, and then the electronic watch second functional switch in parallel with magnetic switch 5 picked up counting, when dolly 3 passes through second magnetic switch 5, same principle makes a second functional switch stop timing, can accurately measure the time that this section moves.2, survey the time (displacement is very short) of physics dolly 3 instantaneous velocities: two magnets 4 are installed on dolly 3 side supports, when first magnet of moving of car passes through magnetic switch 5, pick up counting with aforementioned 1 same principle electronic watch stopwatch, when second magnet during by same magnetic switch timing stop, can recording the time of physics dolly instantaneous velocity like this.Magnetic switch 5 in the said structure also can adopt light-operated switch, or mechanical impact switch, the circuit diagram of light-operated switch is pressed Fig. 5 and is made, with the photosensitive triode 14 of semiconductor with after variable resistor 15 is connected in series again with single core jack 16 and connect, it is two lampets (light source) that magnet on this moment physics dolly 3 side supports 12 then changes, and can only open a lamp according to experiment.

Fig. 3 is the experimental apparatus that be used to measure freely falling body time of employing with the same principle design of Fig. 1, connecting with stage clip 19 between two round wood plates 17,18 up and down, the mechanical impact switch is by two electrodes 20,21 and the single core jack 22 that are positioned at two planks, 17,18 relative centers and connect and constitute, fix a little spring 23 on the bottom electrode 20, this little spring 23 has certain interval with top electrode 21, make instantaneous conducting upper/lower electrode usefulness, mechanical impact switch and magnetic switch 24 are in parallel with the second functional switch of electronic watch 6 respectively.When surveying the freely falling body fall time, with magnetic switch 24 support fixation on the certain height position, make falling objects with a magnet, magnet is allowed its free-falling near magnetic switch 24, magnet makes it momentary connection by magnetic switch 24 and to its generation magnetization, and then functional switch connection second of electronic watch is picked up counting, when whereabouts magnet bump plank 17(ground) time, make plank 17,18 length of spring compressed, and electroplax 20 about making, 21 by little spring 23 momentary connections, cause the functional switch second momentary connection once more of electronic watch, then timing stops, and can measure the fall time of freely falling body.

The utility model has following advantage compared to existing technology:

1, owing to the direct timing of electronic watch of adopting large scale integrated circuit to make, and use highly sensitive magnetic control or light-operated circuit gauge tap, thereby time difference method height (can reach 10ms);

2, owing to do not use industrial-frequency alternating current, thereby use safety to accuse, the junior middle school student also can do corresponding experiment;

3, can establish one's own system and must not be equipped with other equipment and can finish in the Middle School Physics kinematics all about the experiment of measuring run duration;

4, use the utility model easy and simple to handle, can finish an experiment in 1-2 minute, good repeatability and continuous working ability are arranged;

5, good cost performance is arranged, production cost is low.

Claims (4)

1, a kind of digital timing guide rail experiment dolly, comprise that an end is equipped with the guide rail plate of band plate washer fixed pulley, be positioned at and place the physics dolly on the guide-track groove of guide rail plate face, a guide rail plate side along its length is carved with length scales, it is characterized in that in the shallow slot at guide rail plate face edge, being equipped with the switch of two control electronic watch functions second that can slide along shallow slot, these two gauge tap are opened in parallel with function second of electronic watch respectively with lead, side at the physics dolly is equiped with a support, the realization that being equipped with on support matches with the gauge tap of electronic watch functional switch second uses is to the control element of functional switch control second, on the second of electronic watch functional switch and connect a single core jack.

2, a kind of timer, it is characterized in that connecting with a stage clip between two round wood plates up and down, center in the opposite face of two round wood plates is fixed a scale copper electrode respectively, on lower electrode, be equipped with one and the little spring of certain interval arranged with upper electrode, upper/lower electrode and single core jack also connect formation mechanical impact switch, and mechanical impact switch and magnetic switch are in parallel with the second functional switch of electronic watch respectively with lead.

3, by the described digital timing guide rail experiment dolly of claim 1, the gauge tap that it is characterized in that being installed on electronic watch functional switch second of guide rail plate face is magnetic control or light-operated switch, and then the control element of installing on physics dolly one side stand corresponds to permanent magnet or light source; Magnetic switch is connected with single core jack two ends by tongue tube and constitutes, and light-operated switch is connected by the photosensitive triode of semiconductor and constituted with single core jack is in parallel behind the variable resistor again.

4, by claim 1,3 described timers, it is characterized in that at the physics dolly along on the end face of guide-track groove direction a volute spring being housed.

Images