CN207176709U - A kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam - Google Patents
A kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam Download PDFInfo
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- CN207176709U CN207176709U CN201721169944.7U CN201721169944U CN207176709U CN 207176709 U CN207176709 U CN 207176709U CN 201721169944 U CN201721169944 U CN 201721169944U CN 207176709 U CN207176709 U CN 207176709U
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- cofferdam
- double
- wall steel
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- steel
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Abstract
Embodiment of the present utility model discloses a kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam, is related to hydraulic engineering technical field, can effectively improve placement degree of accuracy during steel cofferdam construction.The Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam includes：Inside panel, the inside panel surround the interior zone of preset shape；Exterior panel, the exterior panel are arranged at the periphery of the inside panel, with inside panel interval predetermined distance；A bottom lock, the ring chamber of open-top are formed between the inside panel and the exterior panel, the dividing plate that the ring chamber is arranged between the inside panel and the exterior panel is separated into around multiple cabins of interior zone distribution；Suspension centre is provided with each dividing plate；Drawing ear is provided with the exterior panel.The utility model is suitable for water conservancy construction.
Description
Technical field
It the utility model is related to hydraulic engineering technical field, more particularly to a kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam.
Background technology
Building across being widely used in pile foundation in deep water technology in river, Oversea bridge.The construction of pile foundation in deep water is usually using double
Supporting construction of the wall steel cofferdam as bearing platform construction water-retaining structure and drilling platform.Complicated (the bag of load that Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is born
Include water flow impact pressure, head pressure and vertical force by drilling platform effect etc.), and in steel cofferdam sinking guide-localization
During, influenceed greatly by the hydrology, address, steel cofferdam own structural characteristics and outside execution conditions, thus it is difficult in the prior art
To manufacture suitable cofferdam and cofferdam be accurately positioned into construction.
The content of the invention
In view of this, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam, when can effectively improve steel cofferdam construction
The placement degree of accuracy.
In a first aspect, the utility model embodiment provides a kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam, including：Inside panel, the inside panel enclose
Into the interior zone of preset shape；Exterior panel, the exterior panel are arranged at the periphery of the inside panel, with the inside panel interval
Predetermined distance；A bottom lock, the ring chamber of open-top, the ring chamber are formed between the inside panel and the exterior panel
The dividing plate being arranged between the inside panel and the exterior panel is separated into around multiple cabins of interior zone distribution；
Suspension centre is provided with each dividing plate；Drawing ear is provided with the exterior panel.
With reference in a first aspect, in the first embodiment of first aspect, the exterior panel enclose the size in region with
The size of construction bearing platform is adapted.
With reference in a first aspect, in second of embodiment of first aspect, the quantity in the cabin is even number, each described
The volume in cabin is equal or different.
With reference in a first aspect, in the third embodiment of first aspect, each cabin is on the interior zone
Central Symmetry distribution.
The Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that the utility model embodiment provides, formed with multiple independent cabins between inside panel and exterior panel
Room, so as to adjust the subsidence velocity in cofferdam by adjusting the water in each cabin in Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam sinking watching and put
Put posture.Due to being both provided with suspension centre at the dividing plate in each cabin, and drawing ear is also provided with exterior panel, so as to so that cable
Rope applies pulling force from multiple sites to Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam, and the backward korneforos that effectively prevent water under steel cofferdam is unrestrictedly moved, greatly
The big placement degree of accuracy improved when steel cofferdam is constructed.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the utility model embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art
Or the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in description of the prior art, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only
It is some embodiments of the utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, is not paying the premise of creative work
Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of structural representation for the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that embodiment of the present utility model provides；
Fig. 2 is a kind of flow chart of the construction method for the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that the utility model embodiment provides；
Fig. 3 is a kind of schematic diagram of back cover cloth in embodiment of the present utility model.
Embodiment
The utility model embodiment is described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
It will be appreciated that described embodiment is only the utility model part of the embodiment, rather than whole implementation
Example.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made
The all other embodiment obtained, belong to the scope of the utility model protection.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation for the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that embodiment of the present utility model provides, as shown in figure 1, this implementation
The Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that example provides may include：
Inside panel 1, inside panel 1 surround the interior zone 5 of preset shape；Exterior panel 2, exterior panel 2 are arranged inside panel 1
Periphery, predetermined distance is spaced with inside panel 1；A bottom lock, the ring-type of open-top are formed between inside panel 1 and exterior panel 2
Chamber 3, the dividing plate 4 that ring chamber 3 is arranged between inside panel 1 and exterior panel 2 are separated into around multiple cabins that interior zone 5 is distributed
Room 6；Suspension centre is provided with each dividing plate 4；It is provided with exterior panel 2 and draws ear 7.
The Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that embodiment of the present utility model provides, formed with multiple independences between inside panel 1 and exterior panel 2
Cabin 6, so as to adjust the lower settling velocity in cofferdam by adjusting the water in each cabin 6 in Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam sinking watching
Degree and placement posture.Due to being both provided with suspension centre at the dividing plate 4 in each cabin, and drawing ear is also provided with exterior panel 2, so as to
Hawser can be made to apply pulling force to Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam from multiple sites, the backward korneforos that effectively prevent water under steel cofferdam is unrestricted
It is mobile, substantially increase placement degree of accuracy during steel cofferdam construction.
Because cofferdam is provisional to go along with sb. to guard him knot in hydraulic engineering construction for build that permanent water conservancy projects builds mostly
Structure, so as to the interior zone internal drainage surrounded in cofferdam, excavation pit, build building.Therefore, the exterior panel of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam
The size of 2 area defined can be adapted with the size of construction bearing platform, and shape of cross section can be circle, rectangle, polygon
Shape etc., embodiment of the present utility model are not limited this.For example, in one embodiment of the present utility model, for cushion cap
Convenient with pier construction, cofferdam can design rectangular Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam.Cofferdam outer wall dimension determines according to dimension of platform, cofferdam
Inside and outside wall spacing 100cm.Optionally, Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is welded using 120 × 120 × 12mm of ∠ angle steel, forms horizontal truss, is used
100 × 80 × 8mm of ∠ angle steel forms vertical truss, respectively with 10mm, 8mm, 6mm steel plate make inner-outer wall basic plate and every
Storehouse plate.Cofferdam is divided into such as 10~12 bins with 6mm steel plates between inside and outside wall simultaneously, during sinking of cofferdam
Counterweight and adjustment cofferdam gradient (correction).Simultaneously in order to ensure integral rigidity, vertical purlin is set in compartment boundary position
Frame.
In order to reach more preferable counterweight and rectifying effect, the quantity in cabin 6 is even number, and the volume in each cabin 6 can be with equal
Or.For example, larger cabin and less cabin can be arranged at intervals, so that cabin water filling can take into account faster
Speed and higher precision.
Optionally, each cabin 6 can be distributed on the Central Symmetry of interior zone 5, so as to be more beneficial for counterweight and correction
The control of operation.
Accordingly, as shown in Fig. 2 embodiment of the present utility model also provides the double-wall steel that a kind of previous embodiment provides encloses
The construction method on weir, including：
S21, process each several part of the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam and complete to splice；
S22, to transportation by driving after Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam progress watertightness detection to pier position；
S23, implantation is positioned and sunk to the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam by the first platform and the second platform；Described first
Platform is arranged at upstream at the pre-determined distance of center first of the pier position, and second platform is arranged at the double-wall steel and enclosed
At the second pre-determined distance on the outside of weir, wherein, hoist engine is respectively arranged with first platform and second platform, it is described
Positioner is provided with second platform, the positioner includes the steel-pipe pile of shoring being arranged on second platform, institute
State and shore the exterior panel profile for blocking facial contour and the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam of steel-pipe pile and be adapted.
The construction method for the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that embodiment of the present utility model provides, by the hoist engine pair on two platforms
Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam drawing and and Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is positioned by the positioner on the second platform, steel cofferdam is sinking
When in place, by similar profile, the downstream side portion of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam can be calm under steel pipe end against shoring for the second platform
Bed, so as to which Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is placed on into construction location with more accurate positioning.
Specifically, in the step s 21, can first according to design block size after smooth hardening platform (surface spread
Steel plate thick 4mm) on amplify sample, make the processing loose tool of steel cofferdam.Whole cofferdam is divided into four sections up and down, and often 12 pieces of section point adds
Work, it is easy to lift and transports.The welding in mold of each block part is molded, and can be gone out after block part physical dimension, weld is accepted on inspection
Factory.
According to live actual, directly steel construction processing factory processes at the scene in cofferdam, coxopodite cofferdam can on spliced ship spelling.
When assembled, cofferdam central point and cutting shoe circumference should be made, for controlling the assembled smoother degree in cofferdam and perpendicularity, uses crane barge
Or crane lifts each block part in place, and welding is integral (welding quality should be strictly controlled in construction).
After successively checking welding quality, in step S22, permeability test can be done with kerosene, it is ensured that during sinking of cofferdam
It is water-tight.After watertight test is qualified, at transportation by driving to pier position, is lifted and anchored with crane barge waterborne.
Specifically, it may include to position in step S23, sink and the process such as implantation.
Suspension centre is welded on each dividing plate of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam, lifting rope uses the steel wire ropes of φ 22, for prevent under steel cofferdam water it
Backward korneforos is unrestrictedly moved, and four drawing ears are welded on steel cofferdam exterior panel.
Optionally, it can use and steel cofferdam is positioned using anchor pier method.Before water under steel cofferdam, in pier center upstream 30m
Position, 4 φ 82cm steel-pipe piles of inserting piling, stake top center spacing 5m, for pile body from inside to outside in 78 ° of inclinations, stake top portion passes through φ 30
Fastener for connection, and one platform (squeeze into riverbed per pile and be not less than 10m) is welded into using shaped steel at top.Table top sets 2
Platform hoist engine, drawknot positioning is carried out to steel cofferdam.Both sides are used as guiding using construction platform steel-pipe pile.More than one trip is formed with this
The anchoring system that steel wire rope group, two sided drawknot are fixed.On the outside of steel cofferdam, at line direction, a steel cofferdam is set to determine
Bit platform (sets water level upstream) in pier position.Platform center 5.5m on the outside of steel cofferdam, locating platform is by 4 steel-pipe pile groups
Into, square arrangement, stake top spacing 5m.The same upstream table of lateral connection of platform, it is same in deck roof that 2 steel are laterally set
Pipe and 1 hoist engine position to steel cofferdam.In order to ensure accurate positioning, platform and shore after steel-pipe pile sets, in steel
Pile tube front end, made by setting-out and block position, and arc is cut into according to cofferdam external diameter.So steel cofferdam sink it is in place when,
Downstream, sidepiece shores steel pipe end sinking implantation against platform positioning.
Symmetrically poured water into each bin of steel cofferdam with immersible pump during sinking, steel cofferdam is steadily sunk to certain freeboard
Degree, the freeboard are advisable depending on upper section cofferdam weight with lower section cofferdam freeboard after the docking of cofferdam in 2.2m or so.
Specifically, the implantation process of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam may include：
When the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is sunk down into apart from three pre-determined distance of riverbed face, in being carried out to the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam
The heart positions and reversed positioning；
In the case where the centralized positioning and the torsion positioning are consistent with goal-selling, to the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam
Each uniform water filling in cabin, so that the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam positions vertical subsidence according to the centralized positioning and described reverse；
After sinking in place, if the position of the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam and the goal-selling are inconsistent, to the double-wall steel
Cofferdam water pumping float, which rises, repositions.
For example, in one embodiment of the present utility model, when sinking of cofferdam to the basil is away from riverbed face 1.0m or so
When, carry out the implantation work of steel cofferdam.Implantation carries out cofferdam using total powerstation and is accurately positioned, and because riverbed face is uneven, it measures fixed
Position will also control its plane torsion in addition to control centre position using level measurement absolute altitude.When steel cofferdam plan-position is with setting
When counting position consistency, first to the whole uniform water filling of steel cofferdam compartment, sink with enabling cofferdam uniform vertical.After sinking in place,
As center does not meet code requirement, water pumping float rises and repositioned.After steel cofferdam implantation is in place, it is each fixed to be adjusted by hoist engine
Position steel wire rope, makes each rope stress equalization.
Further, the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is carried out by first platform and second platform in step S23
After positioning and sinking implantation, the construction method for the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam that the utility model embodiment provides may also include：To described
Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam carries out suck sediment subsidence；
Optionally, suck sediment subsidence operation specifically may include：
Local suction mud is carried out so that the top surface of the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is tuned into level；
Mud is inhaled since the bottom centre of the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam and is gradually spread to surrounding up to cutting shoe, so that described double
Wall steel cofferdam bottom is in form of pot bottom.
Specifically, sinking of cofferdam utilizes suck sediment subsidence equipment, it is made up of per complete equipment dredging tube, air compression station, dredging tube choosing
It is made with the seamless steel pipes of φ 273, air compression station is by 3 20m3Internal combustion air compressor and air accumulator composition, inhale the first step of mud
Work is exactly that cofferdam top surface is levelling, and mud is then inhaled since the center of cofferdam, is gradually spread to surrounding, makes middle formation pot bottom-shape
Shape, until cutting shoe.It should progressively loosen positioning wire rope according to the sinking situation in cofferdam, enable cofferdam to sink during this.Inhale
Timing measures and performs record survey crew to steel cofferdam position daily during mud, is entangled to adjust suction bricklayer's's skill in time
Positive cofferdam deviation.Levelling is periodically carried out to the absolute altitude control point on the top surface of cofferdam, the sinking situation in cofferdam is grasped in time, so as to energy
Suck sediment subsidence technique is enough improved, accelerates sinking progress.Per tour carries out 2~3 measurements, in sinking watching, when finding barrier,
Stop suck sediment subsidence immediately, diving is reconnoitred, felt out the situation in detail, analyzes reason, take measures timely processing.
As bottom layer of sand is hardened, suck sediment subsidence again can be assisted to carry out after underwater demolition loosening by diver.Sinking watching
In as cofferdam weight it is inadequate, wall storehouse concrete weight coating can be poured.Make sinking of cofferdam to designed elevation., in sinking watching
Upstream main push-towing rope is adjusted at any time, ensures cofferdam in design attitude, it is flat, surely, just, directly sink.
During suck sediment subsidence, when the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam shifts, optionally, following scheme can be used
Rectified a deviation：
Mud is inhaled to offset direction, so that the relatively low side of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam top surface continues to reduce, cutting shoe is moved round about
It is dynamic；
The native stone of the higher side of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam cutting shoe is removed, to be rectified a deviation to the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam.
Further, the double-wall steel cofferdam construction method that embodiment of the present utility model provides may additionally include the double-walled
After steel cofferdam sinks to target location, the cutting shoe of the Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is blocked.Optionally, to the upper of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam
Cutting shoe is swum, reinforcing bar piece gabion can be filled out in outer side throwing, inner side is blocked by dry gunnysack concrete；To the upstream of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam
Cutting shoe outside cutting shoe, can outside pile up earth bag, inner side by dry gunnysack concrete block.
Specifically, after sinking of cofferdam reaches designed elevation, after measurement confirms position deviation within design requirement, by
Water touches to steel cofferdam edged feet surrounding and cofferdam bottom surface under diver, makes a record.Because of current at the cutting shoe of steel cofferdam upstream
Larger, outside throwing reinforcing bar piece gabion is washed away, a circle earth bag is piled up on the outside of remaining position, is used at the cutting shoe of inner side by diver dry
Rigid gunnysack concrete closure, makes cofferdam inner sealing.Then by water block-by-block under diver, check piecewise, it is high to measure coordinate points
Journey, carry out inhaling the clear base of mud.In view of steel cofferdam after mud is inhaled, riverbed is in form of pot bottom inside steel cofferdam, uses sand during clear base
Son is levelling to the bottom of a pan part backfill in cofferdam to design bottom concrete bottom surface.
Further, after carrying out suck sediment subsidence to Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam, back cover construction can be carried out to Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam.Can
Choosing, more conduits can be used to carry out back cover cloth to Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam.Bottom concrete is flat by the use of drilling platform as construction
Platform, concrete are supplied by blending station is unified, concrete transfer pump pumping concrete, carry out back cover cloth.Conduit uses φ 273mm, wall thickness 8mm nothing
Steel pipe manufacturing is stitched, conduit is checked the quality of connection of conduit using preceding by air seal test.As shown in figure 3, led by every
Pipe arranges that whole cofferdam arranges that 6 conduits can complete back cover cloth altogether according to 5m covering radius.Prepare 1 10m3Activity
Aggregate bin is used for first embedding mouth.
Specifically, bottom concrete is constructed using following steps：
The front and rear measure for setting measuring point to carry out measuring point absolute altitude of back cover, it is ensured that back cover thickness is basically identical.According to design arrangement
Conduit, and adjust the distance of conduit mouth and riverbed face.
Since intermediate conductor, first channel closure is then carried out successively along surrounding.After the completion of sealing, big aggregate bin is tuned to open,
Uniform distribution is carried out to each placing point by pump truck.Ensure that each part thickness and the rate of climb are consistent in cofferdam.Placing to design
After absolute altitude, stop placing, extract conduit.
Back cover uses C20 non-dispersible underwater concretes, and the concrete retarding time prepared is 24h, and the slump is 18~
22cm, mobile radius should be greater than 5m.The work such as the material stock of bottom concrete, electric power safeguard, manpower guarantee are carried out before back cover,
Ensure that bottom concrete is successful in time one-time-concreting as short as possible, strengthen the quality monitoring of concrete during placing, specially
People measures the concrete rate of climb for analyzing each measuring point, to instruct the cloth of concrete.
After the completion of bore operation, Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam can be drawn water.Pump process is carried out stage by stage, to be observed in time
There are ne-leakage, deformation, displacement, floating in steel cofferdam.If any exception, stop pumping, analysis reason is handled.Forbid drawing water one
Bottom is extracted into, avoids the burst of contingency.After the completion of drawing water, Stake head handling, bearing platform construction and pier construction are carried out respectively.
Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam is removed after the completion of Bridge Pier Construction, the company between being saved above and below steel cofferdam inwall is first loosened before removing
Connecting bolt, first water filling or stopped pumping into Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam during dismounting, while remove steel cofferdam inner support, interior branch from the bottom up
After support has been torn open, make water level inside and outside steel cofferdam consistent, then the connecting bolt between saving up and down is removed by dirver, successively blocked breaking
Remove.
It should be noted that herein, such as first and second or the like relational terms are used merely to a reality
Body or operation make a distinction with another entity or operation, and not necessarily require or imply and deposited between these entities or operation
In any this actual relation or order.Moreover, term " comprising ", "comprising" or its any other variant are intended to
Nonexcludability includes, so that process, method, article or equipment including a series of elements not only will including those
Element, but also the other element including being not expressly set out, or it is this process, method, article or equipment also to include
Intrinsic key element.In the absence of more restrictions, the key element limited by sentence " including one ... ", it is not excluded that
Other identical element in the process including the key element, method, article or equipment also be present.
Each embodiment in this specification is described by the way of related, identical similar portion between each embodiment
Divide mutually referring to what each embodiment stressed is the difference with other embodiment.
For device embodiment, because it is substantially similar to embodiment of the method, so the comparison of description is simple
Single, the relevent part can refer to the partial explaination of embodiments of method.
For convenience of description, it is to be divided into various units/modules with function to describe respectively to describe apparatus above.Certainly, exist
Implement the function of each unit/module can be realized in same or multiple softwares and/or hardware during the utility model.
It is described above, only specific embodiment of the present utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited to
In this, any one skilled in the art is in the technical scope that the utility model discloses, the change that can readily occur in
Change or replace, should all cover within the scope of protection of the utility model.Therefore, the scope of protection of the utility model should be with right
It is required that protection domain be defined.
Claims (4)
- A kind of 1. Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam, it is characterised in that including：Inside panel, the inside panel surround the interior zone of preset shape；Exterior panel, the exterior panel are arranged at the periphery of the inside panel, with inside panel interval predetermined distance；A bottom lock, the ring chamber of open-top are formed between the inside panel and the exterior panel, the ring chamber is set The dividing plate being placed between the inside panel and the exterior panel is separated into around multiple cabins of interior zone distribution；Suspension centre is provided with each dividing plate；Drawing ear is provided with the exterior panel.
- 2. Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the exterior panel encloses size and the construction in region The size of cushion cap is adapted.
- 3. Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the quantity in the cabin is even number, each cabin The volume of room is equal or different.
- 4. Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam according to claim 1, it is characterised in that each cabin is in the interior zone The heart is symmetrical.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721169944.7U CN207176709U (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | A kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201721169944.7U CN207176709U (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | A kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN207176709U true CN207176709U (en) | 2018-04-03 |
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| CN201721169944.7U Expired - Fee Related CN207176709U (en) | 2017-09-12 | 2017-09-12 | A kind of Double-Wall Steel Boxed Cofferdam |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111206606A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-29 | 海达建设集团有限公司 | Construction method of deep water foundation pit cofferdam of large-scale foundation of bridge |
-
2017
- 2017-09-12 CN CN201721169944.7U patent/CN207176709U/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111206606A (en) * | 2020-01-09 | 2020-05-29 | 海达建设集团有限公司 | Construction method of deep water foundation pit cofferdam of large-scale foundation of bridge |
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