CN207133937U

CN207133937U - A kind of forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane

Info

Publication number: CN207133937U
Application number: CN201720921610.4U
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李鹏; 顾彬彬; 缪诚钰
Original assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Current assignee: Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology
Priority date: 2017-07-26
Filing date: 2017-07-26
Publication date: 2018-03-23
Anticipated expiration: 2027-07-26

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane, including the unmanned plane as carrier, FPGA control chip, cmos image sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module are equipped with the unmanned plane, the cmos image sensor is connected with the FPGA control chip one-way communication, and the FPGA control chip is connected by communication with the cmos image sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module respectively.A kind of forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane of the present utility model, image processing techniques and Forest Fire Alarm are combined, simplify program of the machine to fire identification, discrimination and processing speed are improved, in combination with the advantage of unmanned plane, is not limited by landform and physical features, the monitoring of any time anywhere in low latitude can be achieved, patrol area effectively to be expanded, reduce cost, repeatedly monitoring can be realized continually for paying close attention to region.

Description

A kind of forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane

Technical field

It the utility model is related to a kind of forest fire early-warning system, and in particular to a kind of gloomy based on FPGA and unmanned plane Woods fire early-warning system, belongs to technical field of fire safety.

Background technology

The forest reserves are one of most important resources on the earth.It not only provides the wood of preciousness for the production and living of the mankind Material and various other raw material, and can regulate the climate, conserve water and soil, purify air.Importantly, it is also numerous lifes The habitat of thing, it is the basis for maintaining bio-diversity.The area of woods length and breadth of land in China, but due to chronically uncontrolled exploitation And natural calamity, the forest reserves are by serious threat.Wherein forest fire is most important calamity in the natural calamity for destroy forest Evil.It can not only burn forest and underground resource, reduce the quality and quantity of timber, endanger wild animal, lead indirectly Soil erosion is caused, destroys the ecological environment and the ecological balance of the Nature；But also air pollution will be caused, threaten the life of the people Life and property safety.On April 30th, 2007, Daxing ' anling, heilongjiang Han Nuohe manage and protect generation grassy marshland Forest Fire, forest in area Burnt area promptly expands to more than 10000 hectares.It can be seen that forest fire is put out just highly difficult once being formed.Therefore, gloomy Forest fires calamity also stamps out a fire immediately when bud just seems particularly significant.At the initial stage of forest fire burning, first Smog is produced, then just produces flame.The system can be at the initial stage that forest fire is burnt by way of detecting smog, in time It was found that burning things which may cause a fire disaster and sending alarm, help technical staff to be on the scene and implement pick-up operation.

Domestic conventional pavement detection technology has following 4 kinds now：

1. ground is patrolled, this method is most simple and easy, but patrols limited area, takes time and effort, and error is big, patrols Shield personnel can not possibly get redy to start off at any time, the safety for patrolling personnel be also need consider the problem of one of；

2. Wang Tai is monitored, this method is to allow inspector to climb on Wang Tai to detect surrounding with detection instrument, necessarily Solve the problems, such as to patrol limited area in degree, but remote area can not build Wang Tai and easily be limited by terrain System, to the smog is heavy and the scene of a fire of larger area, ember and underground fire can not be detected.Detection experiences of the Yi Kao lookout personnel To detect whether fire occurs, accuracy rate is relatively low；

3. aviation is patrolled, this method is costly, and patrols that number is limited, and the time patrolled can not arbitrarily arrange and accurate Standby work is relatively complicated；

4. satellite remote sensing, the detection range of this method is most wide, and the speed of gather data is fast, but accuracy rate is inclined It is low, it is necessary to spend substantial amounts of manpower, material resources and financial resources to go to examine.

Protect a forest aircraft and the infrared remote sensing fire alarm aircraft in the external forest fire detection method such as U.S., Germany FIRE-WATCH type forest fire automatic early-warning systems, although reliably, needing to throw by satellite and aircraft and infrastructure Money is too big.China's area of woods length and breadth of land and skewness, the above method are difficult to the needs for meeting China's Forest Resources fire detection. Existing fire alarm technology exists and patrols limited area both at home and abroad at present, and error is big, the problems such as poor real and high cost.

Utility model content

The technical problems to be solved in the utility model is to provide a kind of image processing techniques and Forest Fire Alarm combination Get up, simplify program of the machine to fire identification, improve discrimination and processing speed, in combination with the advantage of unmanned plane, Do not limited by landform and physical features, the monitoring of any time anywhere in low latitude can be achieved, patrol area and effectively expanded, Cost is reduced, the forest fire based on FPGA and unmanned plane continually repeatedly monitored can be realized for paying close attention to region Early warning system.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the utility model is：

A kind of forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane, including the unmanned plane as carrier, it is described nobody FPGA control chip, cmos image sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module are equipped with machine, the cmos image passes Sensor is connected with the FPGA control chip one-way communication, the FPGA control chip respectively with the cmos image sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module are connected by communication.

The communication module is 4G wireless communication modules.

The model OV7725 of the cmos image sensor.

The EP4CE10E22C8 of the series of model cyclone IV of the FPGA control chip.

The unmanned plane built-in electronic fence.

The FPGA control chip realizes data exchange by MAX232 chips and the 4G wireless communication modules.

The beneficial effects of the utility model：A kind of forest fire based on FPGA and unmanned plane provided by the utility model is pre- Alert system, including the unmanned plane as carrier, FPGA control chip, cmos image sensor, GPS moulds are equipped with unmanned plane Block, SDRAM and communication module, the advantage of unmanned plane is fully combined, can be taken off in low latitude random time anywhere, realized The large-scale collection of forest information data and processing in real time, monitoring repeatedly can be patrolled with unlimited number to highest priority region, Judge that image is believed additionally by cmos image sensor collection image information, SDRAM storage information and FPGA control chip processing Breath, judge whether that fire occurs, position can be occurred for fire by the setting of GPS module by FPGA control chip and communication module It is sent on background server, whole system simplifies program of the machine to fire identification, improves discrimination and processing speed； The communication module is 4G wireless communication modules, and transmission capacity is big, and transmission speed is fast, the wide advantage of the network coverage, and at a high speed It is not easy to go offline in the case of movement.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is structured flowchart of the present utility model；

Fig. 2 is collection forest map of the present utility model as the flow chart of algorithm process；

Fig. 3 is the pin connection figure of FPGA control chip of the present utility model and UART interface；

Fig. 4 is FPGA control chip of the present utility model and SDRAM pin connection figure；

Fig. 5 is FPGA control chip of the present utility model and the pin connection figure of cmos image sensor.

Embodiment

The utility model is further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, following examples are only used for clearly illustrating this The technical scheme of utility model, and the scope of protection of the utility model can not be limited with this.

As shown in figure 1, a kind of forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane, including as carrier nobody Machine, unmanned plane built-in electronic fence, can carry out cruise shooting within the specific limits by way of automatic or manual.Unmanned plane On be equipped with FPGA control chip, cmos image sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module, communication module is elected as wirelessly 4G wireless communication modules, cmos image sensor are connected with FPGA control chip one-way communication, FPGA control chip respectively with institute Cmos image sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module is stated to be connected by communication.The system mainly includes image processing section, Position portion, communications portion.Wherein, cmos image sensor, SDRAM and FPGA control chip as the image in the system at Manage part；GPS module forms position portion；FPGA control chip connects locating module and 4G wireless communication modules by serial ports, Form communications portion.

Specific work process of the present utility model is：Cmos image sensor obtains forest map on the unmanned plane of low latitude first As being stored after information to inside SDRAM.FPGA control chip reads data again inside SDRAM and carries out image algorithm processing. When having detected that FPGA control chip can pass through the positional information of view data and unmanned plane after containing smoke data in image 4G wireless transport modules are sent on background server.The view data and nothing at scene are not can be only seen on background server Man-machine positional information, while it can also be seen that the video information that CMOS is obtained.When it is fire to judge, unmanned plane can hang It is parked in above scene, realizes monitoring in real time, strong support is provided for rescue work.

The image algorithm processing of FPGA control chip is as shown in Figure 2.FPGA control chip first reads storage from SDRAM Image, the conversion of color space is then carried out to image, rgb format is converted to YCbCr form.Then to image information Strengthened and medium filtering, make image information more prominent and smooth.It is converted into after YCbCr form to CbCr components Extract colouring information.The colouring information of forest background and smog has bigger difference, sets corresponding threshold value, can be smog information Made a distinction with background.When it is determined that having smog information in the view data collected, it is wireless to 4G to export the view data In transport module, it is further processed.

Need to handle substantial amounts of data in the case of the real-time of image procossing, this proposes hardware very high requirement.For Can enable the system to enough trouble-free operations, the model of FPGA control chip using the series of cyclone IV EP4CE10E22C8, With very powerful parallel processing function, and aboundresources pin is sufficient, is especially suitable for carrying out complicated image processing work. The model of cmos image sensor elects OV7725 as.

Fpga chip and the pin connection point of UART interface are illustrated in figure 3,4G wireless communication modules also support UART Interface protocol.MAX232 chips are the single supply electrical level transferring chips that Maxim aims at the design of rs-232 standard serial ports, are used + 5V single supplies are powered.FPGA sends data by MAX232 at TXD ends, is terminated by RXD by the number from UART serial ports According to realizing exchanged with 4G wireless module data in this way.MAX232 needs to be provided 3.3V burning voltages.

Fig. 4 is FPGA control chip and SDRAM pin connection figure.SDRAM needs to provide stable 3.3V voltages and frequency Rate is 100MHz clock signal.SD_CLK connections FPGA PIN_51.SD_CKE is the clock signal of 25MHz frequencies, as SDRAM clock enable signal, connect FPGA PIN_50.SD_nCS, SD_new, SD_nRAS and SD_nCAS are low electricity It is flat effective, PIN_64, PIN_67, PIN_65, PIN_66 are connected respectively.SD_A0~SD_A11 is SDRAM address input, point Not Lian Jie FPGA PIN_55, PIN_54, PIN_53, PIN_52, PIN_38, PIN_39, PIN_42, PIN_43, PIN_ 44.PIN_46, PIN_58, PIN_49.The signal that SD_BA0 and SD_BA1 is SDRAM enables, and connects FPGA PIN_59 respectively And PIN_60.SD_D0~SD_D15 pin is the BDB Bi-directional Data Bus of parallel port, can be divided into three groups, and low 16 connect respectively FPGA PIN_75~PIN_68 and PIN_76, PIN_77, PIN_80, PIN_83, PIN_84, PIN_85, PIN_86 is met, PIN_87.Because the view data used in the system is RGB565,16 are only used, high eight-bit, which takes less than, all to be put For 0, remaining pin is all grounded.

Fig. 5 is the pin connection figure of fpga chip and CMOS camera.It needs to be provided 3.3V burning voltages.CMOS What SCLK was inputted is 24MHz clock signal, and connection is PIN_115.CMOS PCLK are clock enable signals, it is specified that figure As the minimum interval of processing, PIN_88 is connected.CMOS HREF and CMOS VSYNC are row signal and field signal respectively.Figure Row signal is then produced as collecting data line, a frame image data is collected and then produces field signal, connect respectively PIN_119 and PIN_120.CMOS D0~CMOS D7 are data bit, connect PIN_124~PIN_129, PIN_132, PIN_133 respectively. CMOS SDAT are data enable signals, connect PIN_114.

Described above is only preferred embodiment of the present utility model, it should be pointed out that：For the common skill of the art For art personnel, on the premise of the utility model principle is not departed from, some improvements and modifications can also be made, these improve and Retouching also should be regarded as the scope of protection of the utility model.

Claims

A kind of 1. forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane, it is characterised in that：Including the unmanned plane as carrier, FPGA control chip, cmos image sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module are equipped with the unmanned plane, it is described Cmos image sensor is connected with the FPGA control chip one-way communication, and the FPGA control chip is schemed with the CMOS respectively As sensor, GPS module, SDRAM and communication module are connected by communication.
A kind of 2. forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute It is 4G wireless communication modules to state communication module.
A kind of 3. forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Institute State the model OV7725 of cmos image sensor.
A kind of 4. forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The EP4CE10E22C8 of the series of model cyclone IV of the FPGA control chip.
A kind of 5. forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane according to claim 1, it is characterised in that： The unmanned plane built-in electronic fence.
A kind of 6. forest fire early-warning system based on FPGA and unmanned plane according to claim 2, it is characterised in that： The FPGA control chip realizes data exchange by MAX232 chips and the 4G wireless communication modules.