CN207098675U - The efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage electric supply installation - Google Patents
The efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage electric supply installation Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage electric supply installation, divider resistance, power supply terminal, power supply ground terminal, one-chip computer module are sampled by light-operated current direction switch, super capacitor, charging terminal, charging diode, charging ground diode, charging ground terminal, high-order power outlet, AD and formed.The output voltage setting value of user is received by microcontroller serial port, gather the ceiling voltage of first order super capacitor, the minimum voltage of final stage super capacitor, supply voltage and charging voltage, the charging process and power supply process that control corresponding light-operated current direction switch to carry out super capacitor are selected by contrasting the output voltage setting value of super capacitor rated voltage and user, realizes the purpose of efficient charging and the controllable voltage power supply of super capacitor.
Description
Technical field
It the utility model is related to a kind of charging device, the efficient charging of particularly a kind of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable
Voltage power supply device.
Background technology
Capacitor has half loss of energy, i.e. charge efficiency at most only 50% under voltage stabilizing charge condition, there is half
Energy expenditure is radiate on current-limiting resistance or in the form of an electromagnetic wave.With the commonly used and super capacitor of super capacitor
Capacity is significantly increased, and the loss of this portion of energy is considerable.On the other hand, single super capacitor or internal using fixed company
Connecing the ultracapacitor assembly of mode can only power to the minimum voltage that can bear of load, and super capacitor can power and arrive
Close to 0V, this and battery are different, therefore quite a few energy stored in super capacitor can not be used effectively, such as
When minimum voltage needed for 5.5V 4.0F super capacitors power supply to 5V single-chip microcomputers work is 4.7V, its theoretical power supplying efficiency is only
Have（5.52-4.72）/5.52<27%, it is problem in urgent need to solve that the charge efficiency of super capacitor and power supplying efficiency are improved for this.
The content of the invention
The purpose of this utility model is solve above-mentioned problems of the prior art, there is provided a kind of serial connected super electric capacity
Efficient charging and controllable voltage electric supply installation.
What the purpose of this utility model was realized in：A kind of efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage power supply
Device, including light-operated current direction switch, super capacitor, charging terminal, charging diode, charging ground diode, charging ground terminal
Sub, high-order power outlet, AD samplings divider resistance, power supply terminal, power supply ground terminal, one-chip computer module, it is characterised in that：
A, described light-operated current direction switch includes 1 optocoupler, at least one triode, 1 control power input
Son, 1 control IO input terminals, 1 electric current positive terminal, 1 electric current negative terminal, the light emitting diode of the optocoupler is just
Pole connection control power input terminal, the negative pole connection control IO input terminals of the light emitting diode of optocoupler, the photoelectricity three of optocoupler
Electric current positive terminal, the emitter stage of the phototriode of optocoupler are connected to after the colelctor electrode connection of the colelctor electrode and triode of pole pipe
It is connected with the base stage of triode；The emitter stage of the triode is connected to electric current negative terminal；The control power input terminal
Connect the working power of single-chip microcomputer；The control IO input terminals connect an I/O port of single-chip microcomputer by 1 current-limiting resistance；
B, described super capacitor is at least 2 and is connected in series, and is sorted from high to low according to voltage, cathode voltage highest
For first order super capacitor, cathode voltage is minimum for final stage super capacitor, also T on the connecting line between two adjacent super capacitors
It is connected to 3 light-operated current direction switches, the charging described in the electric current positive terminal connection of one of light-operated current direction switch
Terminal, electric current negative terminal are connected on connecting line；The electric current positive terminal of another light-operated current direction switch is connected to
In wiring, electric current negative terminal connection described charging ground terminal；The electric current positive terminal of 3rd light-operated current direction switch
It is connected on connecting line, the described power supply terminal of electric current negative terminal connection；
C, the positive pole of described first order super capacitor is connected with described high-order power outlet, draws with high-order power supply
Go out the also electric current positive terminal of the negative pole of the charging diode and 1 light-operated current direction switch that terminal is connected, switch
Electric current negative terminal connection power supply terminal, charging diode positive pole connection charging terminal；High-order power outlet with
The AD sampling divider resistances described in 2 are also in series between charging ground terminal, on the connecting line that 2 AD sample between divider resistance
The ceiling voltage sampled point for drawing 1 serial connected super electric capacity is connected to 1 AD sample port of single-chip microcomputer；
D, the negative pole of the final stage super capacitor is connected with the positive pole of charging ground diode, with charging ground diode just
Extremely connected with also having described power supply terminal, the negative pole connection of charging ground diode described charging ground terminal；
E, 2 AD sampling divider resistances are in series between described final stage super capacitor positive pole and negative pole, are sampled in 2 AD
The minimum voltage sampled point that 1 serial connected super electric capacity is drawn on connecting line between divider resistance is connected to 1 AD of single-chip microcomputer and adopted
Sample port；
F, 2 AD sampling divider resistances in described power supply terminal and described power supply are in series between terminal, at 2
1 AD sample port that 1 supply voltage sampled point is connected to single-chip microcomputer is drawn on connecting line between AD sampling divider resistances；
G, 2 AD sampling divider resistances in described charging terminal and described charging are in series between terminal, at 2
1 AD sample port that 1 charging voltage sampled point is connected to single-chip microcomputer is drawn on connecting line between AD sampling divider resistances.
Described one-chip computer module include single-chip microcomputer, power module, standard voltage source, serial communication terminal, power supply terminal,
Ground terminal, the I/O port of the single-chip microcomputer are inputted by current-limiting resistance with the control IO of the corresponding light-operated current direction switch
Terminal is connected, and the AD ports of the single-chip microcomputer connect with the corresponding sampled point, 2 input terminals point of the power module
The sub and described power supply terminal of described high-order power outlet is not connected, and 2 lead-out terminals of the power module connect respectively
Connect described power supply terminal and described ground terminal, the serial ports of the single-chip microcomputer are connected with described serial communication terminal, institute
The standard voltage source one end stated connects 1 AD port of the single-chip microcomputer, the described ground terminal of other end connection.
Described charging terminal has 1, connects the positive pole of external dc charge power supply；
Described charging terminal have 1, connect the negative pole of external dc charge power supply；
Described power supply terminal has 1, externally provides the positive pole of dc source；
Described power supply terminal have 1, externally provide dc source negative pole；
The utility model controls light-operated current direction switch to realize the first whole group to serial connected super electric capacity, again by single-chip microcomputer
Packet, the purpose to be charged one by one again.The charging method of super capacitor series connection packet can greatly improve the voltage stabilizing of super capacitor
Charge efficiency, such as：1F capacitor equivalents are the parallel connection of 4 0.25F electric capacity, and 1F electric capacity is charged to rated voltage and 4 0.25F electricity
It is identical to hold the energy being charged to respectively stored by identical voltage, but 4 0.25F super capacitors are connected, takes first 4 whole group strings
Connection is charged to rated voltage, 2 packet series connection are charged to rated voltage, are charged to rated voltage method one by one again again, surpasses with 1F
Q-U curve comparisons when level electric capacity is directly charged to same nominal voltage are as shown in figure 3, figure middle conductor OF is 1F super capacitors
Charging curve, broken line OAJCBE are the charging curve of 4 0.25F electric capacity series connection packets, and curve is power supply to the area of abscissa
Effective work done, both accumulation of energys are identical, but the theoretical efficiency that 1F super capacitors directly charge is 50%, and 4 super electricity of 0.25F
The theoretical efficiency for holding series connection packet charging is 72.7%, and serial connected super electric capacity can provide broader power supply voltage range.Such as
The super capacitor number that fruit participates in serial connection charge is more, and packet is thinner, and charge efficiency can also be higher.The utility model passes through monolithic
Machine serial ports receives the output voltage setting value of user, gathers the ceiling voltage of first order super capacitor by single-chip microcomputer, final stage surpasses
Minimum voltage, supply voltage and the charging voltage of level electric capacity, contrast super capacitor rated voltage and the output voltage setting of user
Value selects to control the corresponding light-operated current direction switch carry out the charging process and power supply process of super capacitor, realizes super electricity
The efficient charging held and the purpose of controllable voltage power supply.The charge efficiency of device is high, controls flexible, easy to use, application
Extensively, it is safe and reliable.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is circuit theory diagrams of the present utility model；
Fig. 2 is light-operated current direction switching circuit schematic diagram of the present utility model；
Fig. 3 is efficient charging and the controllable voltage electric supply installation circuit theory diagrams of level Four serial connected super electric capacity；
Fig. 4 is the light-operated current direction switching circuit schematic diagram of two triodes.
Embodiment
The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.As shown in Figure 1,2,3, 4：
K1 ~ K10 is 10 light-operated current direction switches in figure, and IO1 ~ IO10 is its corresponding control port, IO1 ~ IO10
It is connected to respectively by current-limiting resistance on the corresponding IO ends pin of single-chip microcomputer；C1 ~ C4 is 5.4V 50F super capacitor；Vin is to fill
Electric terminal；D1 is charging diode；D2 is charging ground diode；Gin is charging ground terminal；Vj is high-order power outlet；
The AD that R1, R3, R5, R7 are 1M Ω samples divider resistance；The AD that R2, R4, R6, R8 are 100k Ω samples divider resistance；Vout is
Power supply terminal；Gout is power supply ground terminal；IC1 is the single-chip microcomputer of STC15F408AD models；IC2 is the power supply mould powered to IC1
Block；The single-chip microcomputer IO that R1 ~ R10 is 1k Ω drives current-limiting resistance；Vcc is microcontroller power supply terminal；Rxd receives for microcontroller serial port
Terminal；Txd is that microcontroller serial port sends terminal；Gnd is single-chip microcomputer ground terminal.
Light-operated current direction switch includes 1 model EL817C optocoupler OC1,2 model S9013 triode
QT1 and QT2,1 control power input terminal 1（Vcc）, 1 control IO input terminal 2（IOk）, 1 electric current positive terminal 3（K
+）, 1 electric current negative terminal 4（K-）.2 triodes take the base stage and base stage, colelctor electrode of parallel, QT1 and QT2
It is respectively connected together with colelctor electrode, emitter stage and emitter stage, the positive pole of OC1 light emitting diode connects 1 terminal, and OC1's is luminous
The negative pole of diode connects 2 terminals, and the colelctor electrode of OC1 phototriode is connected to 3 ends after being connected with QT1 and QT2 colelctor electrode
Son, the emitter stage of OC1 phototriode are connected with QT1 and QT2 base stage, and QT1 and QT2 emitter stage is connected to 4 terminals, and 1
Terminal outer connects IC1 Vcc power supply terminals, and 2 terminals are connected to single-chip microcomputer IC1 corresponding I/O by 1 1k Ω current-limiting resistance
On mouth, when the corresponding I/O port output low levels of single-chip microcomputer IC1, optocoupler conducting, foreign current can be conducting to 4 ends from 3 terminals
Son, opposite direction are then obstructed.When by electric current being 1A, light-operated current direction switch forward conduction voltage drop is 0.63V.
The super capacitor of the present embodiment has 4, takes the mode of being connected in series, and is sorted successively from high to low according to voltage：The
One-level super capacitor is C1, second level super capacitor is C2, third level super capacitor is C3, final stage super capacitor is C4.
C1 positive pole is connected with Vj terminals, and Vj terminals are also connected with D1 negative pole and K1 3 terminals, K1 4 terminals connection
Power supply terminal Vout, D1 positive pole connection charging terminal Vin, D1 effect are to prevent serial connected super electric capacity to charging dc source
Anti- power supply, the positive pole of Vin connection external charging dc sources, is also in series with R11 and R12 resistance between Vj terminals and Gin terminals,
AD1 sampled points are drawn on connecting line between R11 and R12 to be connected on single-chip microcomputer IC1 AD sample port AD1 ends pin, are sampled
It is 11 times to be worth amplification coefficient, and AD1 is the ceiling voltage sampled point of the present embodiment series capacitance, its upper limit control voltage be 5.4*4=
21.6V, both when AD1 reaches 21.6V, single-chip microcomputer control IO2, IO4, IO5, IO6, IO8, IO9 terminal input high level（5V）,
Stop charging to super capacitor, prevent super capacitor excessive pressure damages.
T is connected to 3 light-operated current direction switches K2, K3, K4, K2 3 terminals connection Vin ends on connecting line between C1 and C2
Son, K2 4 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C1 and C2, and K3 3 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C1 and C2, and the 4 of K3
Terminal connects Gin terminals, and K4 3 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C1 and C2, K4 4 terminals connection Vout terminals.
T is connected to 3 light-operated current direction switches K5, K6, K7, K5 3 terminals connection Vin ends on connecting line between C2 and C3
Son, K5 4 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C2 and C3, and K6 3 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C2 and C3, and the 4 of K6
Terminal connects Gin terminals, and K7 3 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C2 and C3, K7 4 terminals connection Vout terminals.
T is connected to 3 light-operated current direction switches K8, K9, K10 on connecting line between C3 and C4, and K8 3 terminals connect Vin
Terminal, K8 4 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C3 and C4, and K9 3 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C3 and C4, K9's
4 terminals connect Gin terminals, and K10 3 terminals are connected on the connecting line between C3 and C4, K10 4 terminals connection Vout terminals.C4
Negative pole be connected with D2 positive pole, be connected with D2 positive poles also have Gin terminals, D2 negative pole connection Gout terminals, D2 effect
It is the electric discharge for preventing from occurring in charging process is grouped the super capacitor of non-charging to charging ground Gin.
Resistance R15 and R16 are in series between C4 positive pole and negative pole, 1 series connection is drawn on the connecting line between R15 and R16
The minimum voltage sampled point AD2 of super capacitor is connected on IC1 AD sample port AD2 ends pin, and sampled value amplification coefficient is 11
Times, AD2 is the minimum voltage sampled point of the present embodiment serial connected super electric capacity, and its upper limit control voltage is 5.4V, both when AD2 reaches
During 5.4V, single-chip microcomputer control IO2, IO4, IO5, IO6, IO8, IO9 terminal input high level（5V）, stop to all super capacitors
Charging.
R11 and R12 resistance is in series between charging terminal Vin and charging ground terminal Gin, between R11 and R12 resistance
Draw AD0 sampled points on connecting line to be connected on IC1 AD sample port AD0 ends pin, sampled value amplification coefficient is 11 times, this reality
Apply example and use 5V charger for mobile phone.
Resistance R17 and R18 are in series between power supply terminal Vout and power supply ground terminal Gout, the company between R17 and R18
Draw 1 supply voltage sampled point AD3 in wiring to be connected on IC1 AD sample port AD3 ends pin, sampled value amplification coefficient is
11 times, single-chip microcomputer determines K1 ~ K10 control according to the sampled value of user's setting value, and AD0, AD1, AD2, AD3 by calculating
System strategy makes supply voltage meet the requirement of user, and when charging and power supply carries out simultaneously, AD3 voltage stabilizing output bias are no more than
± 0.5V, the setting value for giving tacit consent to output voltage are 5V.The tolerance band of user's setting value is in 4.8V ~ 20V.
Power module IC2 has two input terminals, is connected respectively with Vj and Vout terminals, and list is output to through 5V mu balanced circuits
Piece machine IC1 power supply terminal Vcc and ground terminal Gnd.IC1 Rxd ends pin is connected with Rxd terminals, IC1 Txd ends pin and Txd
Terminal is connected.IC1 standard voltage source uses model TL431B chip, IC1 AD4 ports is connected to, as single-chip microcomputer
The benchmark that voltage calculates.
The present embodiment is charged using doubling packet charging modes, first whole group, the control IO inputs of IC1 control charge switch
Terminal IO2, IO4, IO5, IO6, IO8, IO9 are high level（5V）, both K2, K4, K5, K6, K8, K9 be by state, until
Untill AD1 sampled voltages reach charging input voltage plus 1V；Then 1/2 packet serial connection charge is carried out, it is low that IC1, which controls IO5,
Level（0V）, the IO input terminals that control of other charge switch are high level（5V）, C3 and C4 serial connection charges, until AD1 is sampled
Voltage plus 1.3V reach 1.5 times charging input voltage when untill；Then it is low level that IC1, which controls IO6,（0V）, other chargings open
The control IO input high levels of pass（5V）, C1 and C2 serial connection charges, until AD1 sampled voltages, plus 1.3V to reach 2 times of chargings defeated
Untill when entering voltage.Finally charged one by one, it is low level that IC1, which controls IO4,（0V）, the control IO inputs of other charge switch
High level（5V）, C1 chargings, untill when AD1 sampled voltages reach 2.5 times of charging input voltages plus 1.3V；IC1 is controlled
IO2 and IO6 input low levels（0V）, the control IO input high levels of other charge switch（5V）, C2 chargings, until AD1 is sampled
Voltage plus 1.3V reach 3 times charging input voltage when untill；IC1 controls IO5 and IO9 input low levels（0V）, other chargings
The control IO input high levels of switch（5V）, C3 chargings, until AD1 sampled voltages reach 3.5 times of charging input electricity plus 1.3V
Untill during pressure；IC1 controls IO8 input low levels（0V）, the control IO input high levels of other charge switch（5V）, C4 chargings,
Untill when AD1 sampled voltages reach 4 times of charging input voltages plus 1.2V；The control IO inputs of IC1 control charge switch
Terminal IO2, IO4, IO5, IO6, IO8, IO9 are high level（5V）, both K2, K4, K5, K6, K8, K9 were by state, charging
Process terminates.The charge efficiency of device is high, and output voltage range is wide, simple in construction, and control is flexible, reliable operation.
Claims (6)
1. efficient charging and the controllable voltage electric supply installation of a kind of serial connected super electric capacity, including it is light-operated current direction switch, super
Electric capacity, charging terminal, charging diode, charging ground diode, charging ground terminal, high-order power outlet, AD sampling partial pressures
Resistance, power supply terminal, power supply ground terminal, one-chip computer module, it is characterised in that：
A, described light-operated current direction switch include 1 optocoupler, at least one triode, 1 control power input terminal, 1
Control IO input terminals, 1 electric current positive terminal, 1 electric current negative terminal, the positive pole connection of the light emitting diode of the optocoupler
Power input terminal is controlled, the negative pole connection of the light emitting diode of optocoupler controls IO input terminals, the phototriode of optocoupler
Electric current positive terminal, the emitter stage and three-level of the phototriode of optocoupler are connected to after the connection of the colelctor electrode of colelctor electrode and triode
The base stage connection of pipe；The emitter stage of the triode is connected to electric current negative terminal；The control power input terminal connection is single
The working power of piece machine；The control IO input terminals connect an I/O port of single-chip microcomputer by 1 current-limiting resistance；
B, described super capacitor is at least 2 and is connected in series, and sorts from high to low according to voltage, and cathode voltage highest is the
One-level super capacitor, cathode voltage is minimum for final stage super capacitor, and also T is connected on the connecting line between two adjacent super capacitors
3 light-operated current direction switches, the charging terminal described in the electric current positive terminal connection of one of light-operated current direction switch,
Electric current negative terminal is connected on connecting line；The electric current positive terminal of another light-operated current direction switch is connected to connecting line
On, electric current negative terminal connection described charging ground terminal；The electric current positive terminal connection of 3rd light-operated current direction switch
On connecting line, the described power supply terminal of electric current negative terminal connection；
C, the positive pole of described first order super capacitor is connected with described high-order power outlet, with high-order power outlet
What son was connected also has the negative pole of the charging diode and the electric current positive terminal of 1 light-operated current direction switch, the electricity of switch
Flow negative terminal connection power supply terminal, the positive pole connection charging terminal of charging diode；In high-order power outlet and charging
The AD sampling divider resistances described in 2 are also in series between ground terminal, samples in 2 AD and is drawn on the connecting line between divider resistance
The ceiling voltage sampled point of 1 serial connected super electric capacity is connected to 1 AD sample port of single-chip microcomputer；
D, the negative pole of the final stage super capacitor is connected with the positive pole of charging ground diode, with charging ground diode cathode phase
With also having described power supply terminal even, the negative pole connection of charging ground diode described charging ground terminal；
E, 2 AD sampling divider resistances are in series between described final stage super capacitor positive pole and negative pole, partial pressure is sampled in 2 AD
The minimum voltage sampled point that 1 serial connected super electric capacity is drawn on connecting line between resistance is connected to 1 AD sampling end of single-chip microcomputer
Mouthful；
F, 2 AD sampling divider resistances in described power supply terminal and described power supply are in series between terminal, are adopted in 2 AD
1 AD sample port that 1 supply voltage sampled point is connected to single-chip microcomputer is drawn on connecting line between sample divider resistance；
G, 2 AD sampling divider resistances in described charging terminal and described charging are in series between terminal, are adopted in 2 AD
1 AD sample port that 1 charging voltage sampled point is connected to single-chip microcomputer is drawn on connecting line between sample divider resistance.
2. efficient charging and the controllable voltage electric supply installation of a kind of serial connected super electric capacity according to claim 1, its feature
It is that described one-chip computer module includes single-chip microcomputer, power module, standard voltage source, serial communication terminal, power supply terminal, ground connection
Terminal, the control IO input terminals of the I/O port of the single-chip microcomputer by current-limiting resistance with the corresponding light-operated current direction switch
It is connected, the AD ports of the single-chip microcomputer connect with the corresponding sampled point, and 2 input terminals of the power module connect respectively
The sub and described power supply terminal of described high-order power outlet is connect, 2 lead-out terminals of the power module connect institute respectively
The power supply terminal and described ground terminal stated, the serial ports of the single-chip microcomputer is connected with described serial communication terminal, described
Standard voltage source one end connects 1 AD port of the single-chip microcomputer, the described ground terminal of other end connection.
3. efficient charging and the controllable voltage electric supply installation of a kind of serial connected super electric capacity according to claim 1, its feature
It is that described charging terminal has 1, connects the positive pole of external dc charge power supply.
4. efficient charging and the controllable voltage electric supply installation of a kind of serial connected super electric capacity according to claim 1, its feature
Terminal has 1 with being described charging, connects the negative pole of external dc charge power supply.
5. efficient charging and the controllable voltage electric supply installation of a kind of serial connected super electric capacity according to claim 1, its feature
It is that described power supply terminal has 1, the positive pole of dc source is externally provided.
6. efficient charging and the controllable voltage electric supply installation of a kind of serial connected super electric capacity according to claim 1, its feature
Terminal has 1 with being described power supply, externally provides the negative pole of dc source.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201720861697.0U CN207098675U (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2017-07-17 | The efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage electric supply installation |
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| CN201720861697.0U CN207098675U (en) | 2017-07-17 | 2017-07-17 | The efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage electric supply installation |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107134837A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-05 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司大连供电公司 | The efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage electric supply installation |
| CN112217247A (en) * | 2020-08-23 | 2021-01-12 | 江西省世道新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage equipment for lithium battery production and implementation method thereof |
-
2017
- 2017-07-17 CN CN201720861697.0U patent/CN207098675U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107134837A (en) * | 2017-07-17 | 2017-09-05 | 国网辽宁省电力有限公司大连供电公司 | The efficient charging of serial connected super electric capacity and controllable voltage electric supply installation |
| CN112217247A (en) * | 2020-08-23 | 2021-01-12 | 江西省世道新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage equipment for lithium battery production and implementation method thereof |
| CN112217247B (en) * | 2020-08-23 | 2022-08-23 | 江西省世道新能源科技有限公司 | Energy storage equipment for lithium battery production and implementation method thereof |
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