A kind of wheel hub motor
Technical field
The utility model belongs to electric automobiles, more particularly, to one kind be applied to electric bicycle, battery-operated motor cycle with
And the wheel hub motor of electro-tricycle.
Background technology
Electric bicycle and battery-operated motor cycle are the light green traffic instruments that existing market is widely popularized.Market maintenance
Reach more than one hundred million, and there are several ten million increments fast-developing every year.With the popularization of quantity, performance and work(of the people to electric car
Can be it is also proposed that, such as there is intelligent electric motor car, internet electric car concept in higher demand.Controller for electric vehicle control technology
Gradually control to control to sine wave vector from 120 degree of square waves and develop.But as the drive hub motor of electric car core component,
Still intrinsic state of the art is kept for many years, rarely has and innovative development occurs, and existing market main flow wheel hub motor is brushless straight
Motor is flowed, for magnetic steel of motor using pattern is completely pasted, motor number of pole-pairs is high.The position feedback of current wheel hub motor is electric using three
Phase differs the 60 degree or 120 degree switch Halls on stator core notch, and subject matter existing for this position feedback is
The accurate position feedback required for controller vector controlled can not be met, electric motor starting, especially slope starting it is easy after saunter and
Shake, low speed operational efficiency is low, and stall moment of torsion is relatively low;Switch Hall on other iron core notch is particularly easy to close to pyrotoxin
It is heated and because hot stress is damaged, it is that Hall failure causes to count motor return of goods rate at present to have 25%.
Not change existing electric machine structure and production technology, reach and improve motor performance and reliability, it is necessary on motor
Installation site detection means.Position detecting device needs shock resistance good simultaneously, to adapt to car class operation road conditions;Precision is high, with suitable
Answer the accurate electrical angle position feedback in the case of the high number of pole-pairs of wheel hub motor;Further, since at present electric motor car with two wheels market into
This control is especially sensitive, and existing controller scheme is highly developed cheap, therefore not only cost itself will for position detecting device
Control, and need on the basis of not making big variation according to the technical scheme of existing controller, output form can be flexibly set, with
The complexity that the angle feed-back of controller calculates is reduced, so as to ensure change that the cost of controller will not be too many.
Chinese patent CN 202260955 discloses a kind of wheel hub motor, and it also uses a kind of position inside wheel hub motor
Detection means, its position detecting device are that some sections of equal-specification ferrites are placed in the coaxial stator circumference in the outside of magnet ring,
There is gap among each ferrite, for installing magnetic induction part.The integration structure in this magnetic field, magnetic induction part be easy to by
To the interference of external magnetic field, cause the unstable of signal output, even result in the mistake of output angle, if outside increase magnetic field screen
Cover is covered, then accordingly increase is many for the structure of position detecting device.This other structure underaction, especially for the wheel hub of outer rotor
Motor, magnet ring are arranged on the end cap of rotation, it is necessary to are positioned on the inside of magnet ring and connected, it is necessary to change end cover structure and increase machinery in addition
Relay part;Magnet-sensitive element is needed in the outside of magnet ring simultaneously, and volume is especially big, and shock resistance is bad, and cost is high.The other patent
Using controller motor integral structure design, motor needs to redesign, it is impossible to changes the electricity that existing market generally uses
Machine scheme and production technology;Integral design structure greatly increases motor production complexity, can not meet mass production, simultaneously
Maintenance cost is high.The magnet-sensitive element output analog signal of the patent position detecting device directly arrives controller, to controller CPU
Signal processing complexity improve a lot, increase controller cost;Therefore it can not be mass produced and be promoted.
Utility model content
For overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, the utility model provides a kind of cost reduction, position feedback accuracy height, to control
The wheel hub motor that device performance requirement processed is low, assembly technology is simple, reliability is high.
Technical scheme is used by the utility model solves its technical problem:A kind of wheel hub motor, including motor shaft, turn
Son and position detecting device, the position detecting device include the pcb board on motor shaft and can be with rotor synchronous axial systems
Magnet ring, the pcb board be provided with multiple magnetic induction parts, and static or when rotating in magnet ring, the magnetic induction part can reaction magnetic ring
Flux change;The rotor is provided with left end cap and the right end cap for installing brake assemblies, the position detecting device are located at
On the inside of right end cap.Position detecting device is arranged on the inner side of right end cap on motor shaft, and electronic component improves away from the motor feels hot source
The reliability of motor, and the structure of existing end cap need not be changed, do not change existing motor electromagnetic scheme and main assembler
Skill scheme, process and assemble face when simply processing bearing chamber with end cap, simplify existing motor flowing water On line switch Hall weldering
Technique is connect, processing cost is low, and magnetic induction part senses on the inside of magnet ring, compact-sized succinct.
Further, the position detecting device also includes the support for connecting PCB board, and the support, which is provided with, to be used to hold
Put the mounting hole of the magnetic induction part.
Further, six magnetic induction parts are circumferentially uniformly provided with the pcb board.
Further, three magnetic induction parts are circumferentially uniformly provided with the pcb board.
Further, the pcb board is provided with the microprocessor and parameter storage unit for being integrated with a/d converter, the ginseng
Number memory cell storage parameter include motor number of pole-pairs setting, output form setting, electric angle phase pushing figure setting and
Corresponding mechanical degree position sequence setting when each magnetic of motor is to extremely electric zero degree.
Further, the parameter output form setting of the position detecting device includes the absolute position of setting selection output machinery
Angle setting degree and setting selection export electric absolute position angle.
Further, the parameter can be read and write by external equipment by telecommunication circuit.
The invention also discloses a kind of externally positioned type wheel hub motor, including motor shaft, rotor and position detecting device, its
It is characterised by:The position detecting device includes the pcb board on motor shaft and can be described with the magnet ring of rotor synchronous axial system
Pcb board is provided with multiple magnetic induction parts, in magnet ring it is static or rotate when, the magnetic induction part can reaction magnetic ring flux change;
The rotor is provided with left end cap and the right end cap for installing brake assemblies, and the motor shaft on the outside of the left end cap is provided with shell
Body, the position detecting device is in the housing.Position detecting device be arranged on left end cap on the outside of motor shaft on, not only without
It need to change original internal structure of motor and end cover structure, and it is convenient to dismount maintenance, only have motor lines to be threaded from axis hole during production,
Technique is simpler, while the motor line of force and feedback signal line separation, realizes forceful electric power power line and weak electric signal separated transmission, subtracts
Interference between few strong and weak electricity, reduces the interference of signal feedback, improves reliability.
Further, the fixed mount for connecting PCB board is provided with the housing, the fixed mount, which is provided with, to be used to house institute
State the mounting hole of magnetic induction part.
Further, the right end cap is provided with bushing, and the magnet ring is on the bushing.
Position detecting device of the present utility model instead of on the basis of existing electric machine structure and production technology is not changed
Three traditional switch Hall position detection modes, there is provided high-precision absolute position feedback, realize the accurate detection control of motor magnetic linkage
System, motor operation efficiency is improved, increase low speed output torque, improve comfortableness of riding;There is provided corresponding according to parameter setting, output
The electrical angle feedback of motor number of pole-pairs quantity, the processing fed back during reducing controller vector controlled when magnetic linkage position calculates are difficult
Degree;The mechanical degree position according to corresponding to the electric zero degree of the motor each pair pole of outside write-in simultaneously, realize more accurately electric
The detection of every a pair of pole fields position of machine, and calculated by linear interpolation and improve electric angle resolution ratio, further improve electric
The degree of accuracy is fed back in position, improves control performance;The memory space of motor many kinds of parameters is also provided, stores the necessary ginseng of motor control
Number, save the cost of controller, there is provided there are a variety of way of outputs of electrical angle output function, meet the interface of different controllers
Demand, do not changing existing controller technical scheme, it is i.e. compatible to make small change on interface.
The beneficial effects of the utility model are:Simple for structure, simple production process is reliable, and antidetonation is reliable, position detection essence
Degree is high, and low to controller performance requirements, integrated cost is low, cost-effective, effectively improves electric machine combination property.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the cross-sectional view of the utility model embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is schematic enlarged-scale view at the A in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the configuration schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment 1.
Fig. 4 is the dimensional structure diagram of the medium-height trestle of embodiment 1.
Fig. 5 is the diagrammatic cross-section of another structure of the utility model embodiment 1.
Fig. 6 is the position detection calculating processing block diagram that the utility model implements 1.
Fig. 7 is that the utility model implements the mechanical angle in 1 and the electric angle under 24 pairs of pole motors exports schematic diagram.
Fig. 8 is the cross-sectional view of the utility model embodiment 2.
Fig. 9 is schematic enlarged-scale view at the B in Fig. 8.
Figure 10 is the configuration schematic diagram of the utility model embodiment 2.
Figure 11 is the main structure diagram of the medium-height trestle of embodiment 2.
Figure 12 is the dimensional structure diagram of the medium-height trestle of embodiment 2.
Figure 13 is the diagrammatic cross-section of another structure of the utility model embodiment 2.
Embodiment
In order that those skilled in the art are better understood from the utility model, it is real below in conjunction with the utility model
The accompanying drawing in example is applied, clear, complete description is carried out to the technical scheme in the embodiment of the utility model, it is clear that described
Embodiment is only part of the embodiment of the present utility model, rather than whole embodiments.Based on the reality in the utility model
Example is applied, the every other embodiment that those of ordinary skill in the art are obtained under the premise of creative work is not made, all should
When the scope for belonging to the utility model protection.
Embodiment 1
As Figure 1-4, a kind of wheel hub motor, including motor shaft 1, be fixed on motor shaft 1 and be wound with three phase electric machine power
The stator 2 of line and it is set in the outside of stator 2 and is pasted with rotors 3 of the N to pole magnet steel 33, the both sides of rotor 3 is provided with a left side by screw
End cap 31 and the right end cap 32 for installing brake gear, left end cap 31 are removably secured to motor shaft 1 by left bearing 311
On, oil sealing 312 is additionally provided between the left end cap 31 and motor shaft 1 in the outside of left bearing 311, plays waterproof action, right end cap
32 are removably secured on motor shaft 1 by right bearing 321, positioned at the outside of right bearing 321 right end cap 32 and motor shaft 1 it
Between be additionally provided with oil sealing 322.
The inner side of the wheel hub motor, the relative side of wire hole on stator 2, is provided with position detecting device, its
Including the hollow ring support 43 for being used to fix pcb board 41 on motor shaft 1, support 43 is coordinated or is interference fitted by key
It is fixed on motor shaft 1, end has snap ring 432 spacing.Pcb board 41 can be connected by glue sticking mode with support 43, support
Three or six mounting holes 431 are circumferentially formed uniformly on 43, microprocessor, telecommunication circuit and multiple are welded with pcb board 41
Magnetic induction part 411, magnetic induction part 411 are inserted and are fixed on by glue sticking in above-mentioned mounting hole 431, and shock resistance is higher.
The microprocessor for being integrated with a/d converter is provided with pcb board 41, according to the electricity of every road magnetic induction part 411 of input
Value changes are pressed, are transferred to microprocessor computing unit processing, calculating tables look-up to obtain current absolute mechanical angle value, passes through communication
Circuit exports absolute angle angle value via composite cable 6.The parameter storage unit of read-write capability is additionally provided with pcb board 41, can be with
Output mechanical angle and electric angle is selected by parameter setting, it can be independent EEPROM or be integrated in
The FALSH regions or EEPROM regions of microprocessor internal.The parameter of parameter storage unit storage includes:A, motor number of pole-pairs is set
It is fixed;B, output form is set;C, electric angle phase pushing figure is set;D, it is corresponding when each magnetic of motor is to extremely electric zero degree
Mechanical degree position sequence;E, parameter necessary to other controls.The setting of parameter output form includes that selection output can be set
Mechanical angle, and selection output electric angle can be set;The offset of electric angle original position is electric by parameter (c)
Angular phase offset is set.Above-mentioned all parameters can be read and write by external equipment by telecommunication circuit.
Parameter (b) output form of position detecting device act as setting selection output mechanical angle, and can be with
Setting selection output electric angle;Mechanical angle refers to wheel hub every revolution, exports absolute value corresponding to a cycle 0-360 degree
Position;Electric angle refers to wheel hub every revolution, and exporting absolute position corresponding to N number of cycle 0-360 degree, (N is that motor is extremely right
Number), corresponding mechanical angle when the original position of each electrically zero degree corresponds to each magnetic of parameter (d) motor to extremely electric zero degree
Spend position;The offset of electric angle original position is set by parameter (c) electric angle phase pushing figure.
Parameter storage unit data can be read and write by external equipment by telecommunication circuit, and telecommunication circuit has two-way communication work(
Can, including synchronous serial interface, asynchronous serial port or other bus forms, physical circuit interface include RS485, RS422, CAN, RS232,
Transistor-Transistor Logic level etc..
The magnet ring 42 of annular shape is installed, when its mating surface processes bearing chamber with right end cap 32 in the bearing chamber of right end cap 32
Together process, that is, ensure the axiality of magnet ring 42 and rotor 3, also effectively reduce processing cost.The magnet ring 42 is radial direction NS a pair
Pole is magnetized, and its outer wall is bonded on right end cap 32 by anaerobic adhesive, and during assembling, magnet ring 42 is set in the upper installing hole 431 of support 43
Periphery, when magnet ring 42 is static or is rotated with rotor 3, magnetic induction part 411 detects the magnetic flux size inside magnet ring 42 in real time,
By AD conversion, absolute position angle is calculated by microprocessor, the controller of electric car is output to by composite cable 6.Pcb board
It can be installed on 41 by 60 degree of six be evenly distributed on same circumference magnetic induction parts 411, the magnetic susceptibility portion of magnetic induction part 411
Position is alignd with the medial center of magnet ring 42, the inner side flux change of reaction magnetic ring 42;It can also install and be evenly distributed on together by 120 degree
Three magnetic induction parts on one circumference.
When using three tunnel magnetic induction parts, the sinusoidal signal of 120 degree of three road phase difference is produced;When six tunnel magnetic induction parts of use
When, six tunnel sinusoidal signals are produced, the two-way magnetic induction part detection signal phase of wherein mechanical location difference 180 degree is symmetrical, passes through
Two-way symmetric signal difference synthesizes, and six tunnel sinusoidal signals still synthesize three tunnel phases and differ 120 degree of sinusoidal signals.Microprocessor according to
Phase differs 120 degree of three-phase sinusoidal signal and judged after AD conversion, it is determined that the position section where current magnet ring magnetic field with
Table look-up item, according to position section and item retrieval angle form of tabling look-up, export Current mechanical angle.
As shown in Fig. 6 processing block diagram, data handling procedure and mode include:AD modular converters, digital filtering module,
Table look-up and correction factor extraction module, data memory module, parameter memory module, coefficients calculation block, at output form judgement
Manage module, fitting and output module, mechanical angle output module etc. are segmented in electric angle output.
Microprocessor is set according to parameter (b) output form, and when setting selects output mechanical angle, microprocessor passes through
Telecommunication circuit directly exports Current mechanical angle;When setting selects output electric angle, microprocessor is according to parameter (d) motor
Corresponding mechanical degree position and parameter (a) motor number of pole-pairs, digital simulation Current mechanical when each magnetic is to extremely electric zero degree
Electrical angle absolute position corresponding to angle, further segment interpolation and calculate, the electric angle where exporting current motor magnetic pole is exhausted
To position.
Mechanical angle in the output form refers to wheel hub every revolution, exports corresponding to a cycle 0-360 degree absolutely
To being worth position, such as the 16bit outputs i.e. 0-65535 data of output a cycle, 12bit outputs export the 0- of a cycle
4095 data, other are analogized;Electric angle refers to rotor every revolution, exports absolute position (N corresponding to N number of cycle 0-360 degree
For any number of pole-pairs of motor), as 16bit outputs export the 0-65535 data in N number of cycle, 12bit outputs export N number of week
The 0-4095 data of phase, other are analogized.Fig. 7 be motor number of pole-pairs 24 pairs extremely under mechanical angle and electric angle compares figure.
The original position of each electric angle is corresponding when corresponding to each magnetic of motor of parameter (d) storage to extremely electric zero degree
Mechanical degree position;The offset of electric angle original position is set by parameter (c) electric angle phase pushing figure.Counting
When calculating electrical angle position, Current mechanical position first subtracts electric angle phase pushing figure.
As shown in figure 5, the position of magnet ring 42 and magnetic induction part 411 can exchange, i.e., magnet ring 42 is located at magnetic induction part 411
Inner side, when magnet ring 42 is static or is rotated with rotor 3, magnetic induction part 411 detects the magnetic flux size outside magnet ring 42 in real time.
Embodiment 2
As illustrated in figs. 8-12, the wheel hub motor in the present embodiment is with the difference in embodiment 1, position detection dress
Put and be arranged on the outside of left end cap 31, positioned at the same side of wire hole, the signal output cable 7 and motor power of position detecting device
Line cable 6 exports independently of each other.
Position detecting device includes the housing 5 being arranged on motor shaft 1, is provided with housing 5 for installing magnet ring 42
Bushing 52 and the fixed mount 51 for installing pcb board 41, bushing 52 by seam positioning by using mode connects for screw in right end cap
On 32, it is tightly connected between bushing 52 and housing 5 by sealing ring 53.Magnet ring 42 is bonded on bushing 52, and integral installation exists
The outside of right end cap 32, as right end cap 32 and rotor rotate.Fixed mount 51 is fixed on housing 5, and is integrally attached to motor
On axle 1, end has snap ring spacing.The other structures of the present embodiment are same as Example 1 with processing mode, repeat no more.
As shown in figure 12, the position of magnet ring 42 and magnetic induction part 411 can exchange, i.e., magnet ring 42 is located at magnetic induction part 411
Inner side, when magnet ring 42 is static or is rotated with rotor 3, magnetic induction part 411 detects the magnetic flux size outside magnet ring 42 in real time.
Above-mentioned embodiment is used for illustrating the utility model, rather than the utility model is limited,
Spirit of the present utility model and any modifications and changes in scope of the claims, made to the utility model, all fall
Enter the scope of protection of the utility model.