CN206757961U - Autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model discloses a kind of autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator, includes two light-source systems of simple lamp bracket support, and one of which is single red point-like LED, to demonstrate the naked optionally lower autokinetic effect occurred of low-light lightness environment；Another kind includes two row's white point-like LEDs, it is located at the both sides of red point-like LED respectively, and keep two rows of lights group layout in a certain angle, wherein include 4 LED white point source of lights per bank light, diameter is followed successively by 12mm, 10mm, 8mm and 6mm from bottom to top, spread length between 4 point source of lights is followed successively by 200mm, 150mm and 100mm from bottom to top, to demonstrate Distance Judgment illusion when wearing lll night vision device.The utility model can help aircrew be familiar with it is naked regard and wear two kinds of illusory sensations common during night-vision devices flight, so as to lifted night flight flight operational capacity, ensure flight safety.

Description

Autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator

Technical field

The utility model is related to a kind of flight training equipment, and in particular to one kind is used to two kinds are demonstrated during night flying The night vision training equipment of illusory sensations.

Background technology

Night flying is very common in civil aviation, and Special Significance is had more in military field.Navigate since the mankind Since empty activity, flying illusion just annoyings working flight always person and researcher, and do not solved effectively so far.Work as brightness When environment reduces, there occurs a series of changes, good visual acuity and colour vision function not to have existed for the physiological function of vision, week In surrounding environment to provide judge, reference information reduce, the illusory sensations serious threat flight safety thus triggered.Although enter Numerous studies are gone, the mechanism occurred for most night illusory sensations, have not still been fully aware of, therefore, pass through instruction It is very necessary that white silk makes pilot have gained some understanding common night depending on property flying illusion.

According to the dual theory of the vision accepted extensively, rod cell is responsible for the vision (scotopia under very dark illumination level Feel), and the function of cone cell is the vision (photopic vision) under higher brightness levels.Photopic vision provides colour vision and parsing essence The ability of fine section (20-20 or higher), but only worked under good lighting condition.The content of noctovision is low product Matter；(usual 20-200 or less) is limited by the resolution ratio of reduction and differentiation can only be provided from black to the energy of white tone difference Power.This dual susceptor system causes human eye to be provided with to the large range of sensitiveness of ambient light level.In maximum photopic vision In feel and minimum dark visual range, human eye has the ability for changing useful effect in the range of 1,000,000,000 times in brightness.People The sensitive property of eye is with illumination change adjust automatically.The active most dim light of rod cell powerful about 10^-6Millilambert, and regard The threshold value of rod cell is equivalent to brightness of the cloudy day without moonlight night.The minimum brightness that cone cell can be caused to work is 10^-3In the least Lambert, i.e. cone cell threshold value are rough equivalent to the brightness with 50% moonlight night.

1. autokinetic effect

Refer to when dark surrounds stares static low-light, it will perceive the phenomenon of its motion.Stared under dark surrounds Point source of light, although this low-light is static, but it is perceived as motion.Produce the exact cause of this illusion not Know, may be the small positioning campaign of eye and lack the environment of normal condition stable optical perception with reference to relevant.Autokinetic effect It can occur when two faint light sources be present, but when three or more light sources occur, the phenomenon disappears.Meeting during pilot's night flight Star or ground light source misidentification are made into other aircraft, so as to cause disorientation, cause lethal effect, pilot tackles this Illusion is had gained some understanding.Pan should be increased to reduce the harmful effect of autokinetic effect, during pilot's night flight rather than go to stare light source Or the increase intensity of light source (if possible), to avoid illusion from producing.

2. Distance Judgment illusion

People perceive 3D environment by the 2D images clue being projeced on retina, and these clues include coming from perspective projection Visual information, solid (eyes) information and the monocular information of effect.In any case, environment provides a large amount of clues, these lines Rope can be applied by brain by handling and deriving from.

(1) visual information

The position of eye is first derived from for the clue of 3D environment sensings, Palmer is referred to as visual information, visual information First type of clue is regulation, and Palmer definition is adjusted to ciliary muscle by Iterim Change lens shapes to control it The process of visual focus.By adjusting focus and lens thickness, vision system perceives the absolute distance of target, and this mode is only It is effective for the distance of 6-8 feet to depth.The exhausted of target is assembled and perceived to second of type of visual information clue to assemble A kind of mode adjusted the distance, when eyes focus on or gaze at the target of certain distance, the angle for the sight formation that eyes are assembled Provide Depth cue, when object is nearer, this angle is larger, when object farther out when angle it is smaller, with regulation equally assemble work( Can be only useful to closer distance.

(2) steric information

The second class clue for 3D environment sensings is steric information, and Sedgwick defines steric information or solid is considered as sense Know the existing difference between the independent visual field of eyes.Difference between the more near this eyes of target is bigger, and target is more remote, and difference is got over It is small.Another steric information is referred to as Da Vinci stereopsis and regards (Da Vinci stereopsis), and Da Vinci stereopsis is considered as eyes During object observing, target is only partly presented among the visual field of any eye, the table that always part occurs in this kind of monocular visual field Face is farther, and Da Vinci stereopsis provides the clue of absolute distance estimation depending on providing depth information, this information.

(3) monocular information

The 3rd class clue for 3D environment sensings is monocular information, and some come from single regard on the clue of distance estimations Nethike embrane image.Motion is a kind of mode of perceived distance, commonly referred to as motion parallax.Palmer is defined as caused by motion The corresponding two small differences of depth of fixing point.Another mode projects for perspective, i.e. observer is from plane 2-D image capture lines Rope perceives 3-D spaces.Perspective projection is based on geometry rule and includes a series of clues：1) convergence of parallel lines or line style perspective； 2) relative to horizontal position；3) relative size and known size；4) texture gradient；5) it is inaccessible (occlusion)；6) it is cloudy Shadow；7) air or aerial perspective.

Have not yet to see the apparatus for demonstrating for the night illusory sensations such as autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion, this kind of dress The scarcity put is unfavorable for the development of night vision physiologic training.

The content of the invention

In order to solve the problems, such as that night vision physiologic training is present, the utility model provides a kind of autokinetic effect and distance is sentenced Demonstrator is felt in dislocation.

To reach above-mentioned purpose, technical scheme is used by the utility model：

The demonstrator includes being arranged in darkroom includes red for the lighting system of trainer's observation, the lighting system Point source of light and the two lamp groups in line style distribution for being arranged at red point source of light both sides, red point source of light is positioned at whole The center of lighting system, two lamp groups it is coplanar and rolled to red point source of light it is oblique, each lamp group include it is multiple from bottom to top between Every the white point source of light arranged and spacing and source diameter successively decrease successively.

The red point source of light is selected from a diameter of 5~10mm and meets that the light illumination at 10m is 10^-4~2 × 10^-1Lx red point-like LED.In the preferred scheme, viewing distance 10m, the design of light source size using the size of candle light as With reference to, cause autokinetic effect light source should meet be more than cloudy starlight environment under ground illumination and be less than sunny night full moon ring The illumination on ground under border.

Described two lamp groups are located in the approximately the same plane vertical with direction of observation, and two lamp group upper ends have 30~40 degree Angle.In the preferred scheme, the convergence effect that parallel lines are observed at 10m is simulated, easily will be certain when producing apart from illusion Two brightness straight lines of field angle are mistaken for airfield runway；The angle is excessive or the too small convergence for being not likely to produce parallel lines Effect.

Each lamp group includes at least four white point source of light.Point source of light is very few, and flight training personnel will not be made to produce mesh It is designated as the suggesting effect of two straight lines.

The light illumination that the white point source of light is selected from 10m is 10^-4~2 × 10^-1Lx white point-like LED Lamp.Illumination should meet to be observed by bore hole when pilot takes night-vision devices, and with night-vision devices observation pair Than illumination range is arranged to the illumination range on nature ground of lower night.

The spacing is 100~200mm.In the preferred scheme, to be observed at target 10m, the spacing can Better meet the suggesting effect out of shape to target.

The white point-like source diameter is 6~12mm.In the preferred scheme, seen with being located at using night-vision devices at 10m Examine, source diameter is excessive to be also easy to produce halo effect, is unfavorable for observing；It is too small, it is not easy to meet that the diameter gradient change of design will Ask.

The demonstrator also includes being used for the lamp bracket for supporting lighting system.

The beneficial effects of the utility model are embodied in：

The utility model utilizes two groups of light sources, can help aircrew be familiar with it is naked regard and wear it is common during night-vision devices flight Two kinds of illusory sensations, so as to lifted night flight flight operational capacity, ensure flight safety.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator；

In figure：1 is lamp bracket, and 2 be that Distance Judgment illusion demonstrates lighting system, and 3 be that autokinetic effect demonstrates lighting system.

Embodiment

The utility model is described in further details with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

Referring to Fig. 1, autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator described in the utility model, including simple lamp bracket 1 and Two groups of lighting systems being arranged on the lamp bracket 1, one of which are that autokinetic effect demonstrates lighting system 3, and light source is single red (diameter 5mm, the light illumination at 10m are 10 to point-like LED^-2Lx), positioned at the center of whole lighting system, to demonstrate Autokinetic effect under dim environment；Another group is that Distance Judgment illusion demonstrates lighting system 2, and light source includes two row's white led lamps Group, respectively positioned at the both sides of red point-like LED, two rows of lights group is located in approximately the same plane and rolled to red point-like LED It is tiltedly splayed configuration (upper end keeps 40 degree of angle layouts), wherein including 4 LED whites point source of lights per bank light group (at 10m Light illumination be 10^-2Lx), diameter is followed successively by 12mm, 10mm, 8mm and 6mm from bottom to top, between 4 LED white point source of lights Spread length be followed successively by 200mm, 150mm and 100mm from bottom to top, to demonstrate wear lll night vision device under distance sentence Dislocation is felt.

The effect of above demonstrator is as follows：First, aircrew can be helped to recognize under dim environment, bore hole is taken to watch attentively Autokinetic effect caused by point source of light, understand and perceive the illusory sensations to fixed target observations；Second, highflyer can be helped Member recognizes in low light conditions, wears in lll night vision device flight course, the sight to the luminous target of some particular arrangements Examine, Distance Judgment illusion can be caused, and thereby result in target identification mistake.

During for training, one group of light source (single red point-like LED) is opened in darkroom, advising the person's of being trained to bore hole to see Examine, viewing distance 10m, produce the experience of autokinetic effect illusion；One group of light source is closed in darkroom, opens second group of light source (two row's white led lamps groups), advise the person of being trained to wear lll night vision device and carry out target observations, viewing distance 10m, produce away from From illusion is judged, so as to cause target identification mistake, before the reality white led lamps group vertical with direction of observation is mistaken for into landing Ground runway.

Aircrew effectively can help aircrew to recognize by carrying out vision physiological training by above-mentioned demonstrator Common illusory sensations (autokinetic effect) and caused Distance Judgment is wrong during wearing lll night vision device during night flight Feel, maximally efficient training mode is provided for pilot, to improve the ability that aircrew performs night flight task, effectively improve night Between flight safety.

Claims (7)

1. a kind of autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator, it is characterised in that：The demonstrator includes being arranged in darkroom supplying The lighting system of trainer's observation, the lighting system include red point source of light and are arranged at red point source of light both sides Two lamp groups in line style distribution, two lamp groups it is coplanar and rolled to red point source of light it is oblique, each lamp group include it is multiple from It is lower and on be spaced and white point source of light that spacing and source diameter successively decrease successively；The red point source of light is selected from diameter For 5~10mm red point-like LED；The white point source of light is selected from a diameter of 6~12mm white point-like LED.

A kind of 2. autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Described two lamps For group in the approximately the same plane vertical with direction of observation, two lamp group upper ends have 30~40 degree of angles.

A kind of 3. autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Each lamp group bag Include at least four white point source of light.

A kind of 4. autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The spacing choosing From 100~200mm.

A kind of 5. autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The demonstrator Also include being used for the lamp bracket (1) for supporting lighting system.

A kind of 6. autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The red point Shape light source is located at the center of whole lighting system.

A kind of 7. autokinetic effect and Distance Judgment illusion demonstrator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The red point The illumination of shape LED and white point-like LED is 10^-4~2 × 10^-1lx。