TW201945791A - See-through near eye optical module - Google Patents

Abstract

A see-through transparent (or semi-transparent) near eye optical module includes a transparent sparsely populated near eye display comprising a plurality of pixels or pixel patches and a sparsely populated micro-lens array comprising a plurality of micro-lenses positioned in optical alignment with the plurality of pixels or pixel patches of the sparsely populated transparent near eye display. The sparsely populated transparent near eye display has a pixel fill factor capable of rendering the near eye display at least partially transparent. Light rays originating from outside the transparent sparsely populated near eye module pass through the transparent sparsely populated near eye display and sparsely populated micro-lens array of the transparent near eye module to an eye of a user to form a real image perceived by the user. The transparent sparsely populated near eye display further produces light rays generated by way of active pixels which pass through aligned micro-lenses to form a virtual image perceived by the eye of the user. The combination of the real image with the virtual images as perceived by the eye of a user causes the perception of Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality for the user. Light rays being projected away from the eye of the user are reduced or blocked by the transparent near eye display.

Description

See-through type near-eye optical module

The invention relates to the fields of augmented reality and mixed reality. More specifically, the present invention relates to a transparent near-eye optical module that provides both a real image and a virtual image to a user.

In most cases, today's augmented and / or mixed reality systems have a large form factor and are bulky, heavy, power-hungry, fashion-limited, and expensive. In order for these systems to have increased levels of adoption, a major transformational technology change is required. The innovative teachings disclosed in this article teach this revolutionary breakthrough in AR (Augmented Reality) and MR (Mixed Reality) glasses / headwear systems.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a transparent near-eye optical module includes: a transparent near-eye display including a plurality of pixels, the plurality of pixels sometimes being configured as a pixel patch across the near-eye display; and a microlens array, which One or more pixels (or pixel patches) of the near-eye display are spaced apart and positioned to be optically aligned with the one or more pixels (or pixel patches). The transparent near-eye optical module is a see-through transparent near-eye optical module. A light block is optionally placed behind each pixel and on the side furthest from the eyes of a user. The transparent near-eye optical module may be sealed. The transparent near-eye optical module is activated by means of an electrical connection (by way of example only, a thin flexible cable or printed circuit). By way of example only, the transparent near-eye optical module may optionally include one or more of the following: electrical connectors, sensors, material spacers, air gaps, light blocks, light-blocking apertures, nanometers Holes, optical elements around the substrate of a pixel or pixel patch, additional lenslets, or optical (such as by way of example only) pixel patches or pixel blocks.

As used herein, by way of example only, a transparent near-eye display is a transparent near-eye microdisplay. In a specific embodiment, the transparent optical module includes four sides fixed to the near-eye display at or near one end and to the microlens array at or near opposite ends. When the transparent optical module includes four sides, the transparent near-eye optical module may be sealed. In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye optical module may be hermetically sealed. The seal covers the entire transparent near-eye optical module. In certain other embodiments, the transparent near-eye optical module has two sides, and in other embodiments, the transparent near-eye optical module has no sides.

The transparent near-eye optical module is transparent. In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is translucent. In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is see-through when tuned to off. In a particular embodiment, the microlens array is see-through. In a particular embodiment, the microlens array is see-through when turned off. In a specific embodiment, by way of example only, the near-eye display having a transparent substrate or transparent backing that supports a plurality of pixels or pixel patches may be filled with a pixel that enables the near-eye display to be at least partially transparent. Factor OLED and / or iLED (micro LED). In other embodiments, by way of example only, the transparent near-eye display having a transparent substrate or transparent backing that supports a plurality of pixels or pixel patches may utilize a TOLED that can make the near-eye display at least partially transparent.

As used herein, a sparsely filled near-eye display may be such that the pixel density of a region of the near-eye display is less than if the near-eye display is sufficiently filled with pixels. As used herein, a sparsely filled near-eye display may be modified or modified in such a way that the number of active pixels is 5% or less of the number of active pixels that is fully filled with the exact same near-eye display After the change. Active pixels mean pixels that can be illuminated. By way of example only, modification or change means a hardware or software correction. As used herein, a gap may be lacking material or a space filled with material. A gap may be an air gap or a material spacer in the form of (by way of example only) a layer of material. The material layer may be a low refractive index material.

As used herein, a fully-filled near-eye display can be modified to a sparse-filled near-eye display by turning off a plurality of pixels so that the near-eye display is used as a sparse-filled near-eye display when in use. The purpose is to become a sparse filling near-eye display. This means that at any given time that the near-eye display is in use, there are multiple areas where the display "cannot" be illuminated or unlit, making it a sparse filling, because of its actual initiative with the near-eye display Pixel related (compared to the total possible near-eye display area that may contain active pixels). Active pixels are pixels that can be illuminated and not programmed or controlled to remain constantly off.

As used herein, a sparsely filled microlens array is a microlens array in which the density of microlenses or lenslets in a region of the microlens array is less than the density if the microlens array is sufficiently filled with microlenses.

As used herein, by way of example only, a near-eye display may consist of one or more of the following: OLED, TOLED, iLED (micro LED), PHOLED (phosphorescent OLED), WOLED (white OLED), FOLED (flexible OLED), ELED (electroluminescence display), TFEL (thin film electroluminescence), TDEL (thick dielectric electroluminescence) or quantum dot laser.

As used herein, a microlens array (MLA) may be composed of one or more of the following, and is by way of example only, an optical device of one of the following; plano-convex, biconvex, convex, concave, Aspheric, Achromatic, Diffraction, Refraction, Fresnel Lens, Gabion Super Lens, GIN Lens, Chirped, Patterned Electrode, Electro Active Lens, Electro Active Lens, Electro Active Optics or Liquid Lens (Electric Wetting and / or mechanical). By way of example only, the microlens array may be made of a plastic material, a glass material, or a combination of both.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display may consist of a square with pixels and / or one or more pixel patches on it. These squares then spread across the transparent near-eye display. In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display may not have squares, but consists of pixels or pixel patches spaced apart and spaced across the transparent near-eye display. The pixels or pixel patches can be aligned with the microlenses of a microlens array with a distance between them.

In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sparsely filled with pixels. In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sufficiently filled with pixels. In a specific embodiment, an opaque material or element (light block) is positioned behind the pixel (or pixel patch) (farther from the user's eye) to reduce and (if possible) eliminate the pixel from the user's eye The amount of outward light. A light block may be located behind a pixel patch or a light block may be located behind a pixel. Therefore, the plurality of light blocks may be part of a transparent near-eye display. By way of example only, this material may be an opaque material or element. In other embodiments, only by way of example, when a TOLED is used as a near-eye display, this opaque material or element blocks both outward light rays (light blocks) and inward light rays from the real world. Outward light rays (light blocks) and inward light rays may pass through a transparent pixel patch without opaque materials or elements, and then pass through one of the microlens arrays to be aligned with the microlenses.

In all these embodiments, when using such an opaque material or element (light block), by way of example only, the size of the material or element can be the size of the pixel patch or slightly larger, or be attached to the pixel The size of the aligned microlenses may be slightly larger. By way of example only, the outer peripheral shape of the opaque material or element can be the shape of a pixel, a pixel patch, or a microlens aligned with the pixel patch. An opaque material or element (light block) can be separated from the next closest opaque material or element (light block). Therefore, by using separate and shaped, sized and aligned with their respective pixel patches (pixel patches) and further with microlenses (in a preferred embodiment, they are aligned with pixel patches) The aligned plurality of opaque materials or components (light blocks) may maintain high transparency of one of the transparent optical modules.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sparsely filled with pixels and the microlens array is sparsely filled with microlenses of the microlens array. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are aligned with the pixels or pixel patches of the transparent near-eye display. In this embodiment, the microlenses of the microlens array are static (meaning that they always have optical magnification). Therefore, the microlens array is static.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is fully filled with pixels and the microlens array is fully filled with microlenses of the microlens array. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are aligned with the pixels or pixel patches of the transparent near-eye display. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are electronically on and off. Therefore, microlens arrays are dynamic.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sparsely filled with pixels and the microlens array is fully filled with microlenses of the microlens array. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are aligned with the pixels or pixel patches of the transparent near-eye display. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are electronically on and off. Therefore, microlens arrays are dynamic.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sufficiently filled with pixels and the microlens array is sparsely filled with microlenses of the microlens array. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are aligned with the pixels or pixel patches of the transparent near-eye display. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are electronically switched on and off. Therefore, microlens arrays are dynamic.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sparsely filled with pixels and the microlens array is sparsely filled with microlenses of the microlens array. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are aligned with the pixels or pixel patches of the transparent near-eye display. In these embodiments, the microlenses of the microlens array are electronically switched on and off. Therefore, microlens arrays are dynamic.

As used herein, a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have different sparsity levels. The slight sparsity of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display has a pixel fill factor of less than 100% to as low as 75% of a transparent near-eye display. The sparseness of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display has a pixel fill factor of less than 75% to as low as 50% of a transparent near-eye display. The significant sparsity of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display has a pixel fill factor of less than 50% to as low as 25% of a transparent near-eye display. The extreme sparsity of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display has a pixel fill factor of less than 25% to only slightly more than 0% (eg, more than 0.1%) of a transparent near-eye display.

As used herein, a sparsely filled microlens array may have different sparsity levels. The slight sparsity of a sparsely packed microlens array has a microlens (small lens) fill factor of 95% to 75% of the microlens array. The sparseness in a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display has a microlens (small lens) fill factor of less than 75% and as low as 50% of a microlens array. The remarkable sparseness of a sparsely packed microlens array is a microlens (small lens) fill factor of less than 50% to 25% of a microlens array. The extreme sparsity of a sparsely packed microlens array has a microlens (small lens) fill factor of one of the microlens arrays that is less than 25% to only slightly more than 0% (eg, more than 0.1%).

The transparent near-eye display is a see-through type near-eye display. The transparent near-eye display uses a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate supports a pixel or a light emitter of the transparent near-eye display. The guidance system of the transparent near-eye display is transparent. By way of example only, these conductors are made of ITO. The transparent near-eye display allows light rays originating at a distance in front of the transparent near-eye module (farthest from the user's eyes) to pass through the near-eye display to reach the eyes of a user of the transparent near-eye module to form the A real image perceived by the user. These light rays forming the real image pass through both the near-eye display and the microlens array. The near-eye display can further generate light rays generated by the active pixels of the near-eye display to form a virtual image perceived by the user. The light rays forming the virtual image are emitted by means of a near-eye display and further pass through one or more microlenses of the microlens array before entering one of the eyes of the user.

The transparent near-eye display can be a dynamic transparent near-eye display. Dynamic transparent near-eye display means that the display can be (by way of example only) one or more of the following; after being modulated, it has a duty cycle to turn on and off, providing lateral and / or vertical pixel modulation Turn on and off, or turn off specific pixels and / or pixel patches. The dynamic aspect of the display may be controlled by one or more of the following by way of example only: a controller, driver, processor, or software.

In one embodiment, two transparent near-eye displays (for one of XR, AR or MR) can control the degree of convergence of the user's eyes. By changing the distance between the active pixels used by each of the two transparent near-eye displays (one transparent near-eye display in front of each eye), it is possible to cause the user's eyes to converge. By way of example only, if the user has a distance IPD (interpupillary distance) of as far as 63 mm and as close as 59 mm, two transparent near-eye displays can match the corresponding active pixels (or pixel patches) of the two near-eye displays. The distance between) is provided as 63 mm to see a virtual image placed (by way of example only) at infinity, and then the software that operates the controller / driver can convert the corresponding active pixels of two transparent near-eye displays (or Pixel patch) was changed to a distance of 59 mm to see a virtual image that would be seen at 2 feet (by way of example only). Therefore, regarding this embodiment, the two transparent near-eye displays can control the degree of convergence of the eyes of the user.

In several ways, this is the opposite of an eye tracker, where the eyes move, and the eye tracker tracks the eyes and then changes the image on the display. In this case, the one or more transparent near-eye displays are causing the user's one or more eyes to be fixed on the corresponding virtual image to change the direction of their line of sight. Thus, by way of example only, if video or still content that includes an image of a bird has an annotation associated with it that indicates that the bird should appear as a virtual image at a distance of 20 feet from the eye, then two The transparent near-eye display will provide a distance between the identical active pixels (or pixel patches) of the two transparent near-eye displays, so that the gaze direction corresponding to the position of the pixel relative to the center of the pupil is at a required distance of 20 feet from the eye Provide a degree of convergence. If on the other hand (by way of example only) an image of a cupcake has an annotation indicating that the cupcake should be displayed as a virtual image at 2 feet, then two near-eye displays will provide exactly the same as two transparent near-eye displays A distance between the active pixels (or pixel patches), thereby providing a degree of convergence in one of two gaze directions at 2 feet from the eye (closer to the user than the IPD). The IPD can be measured and established for each user at various distances (from far to middle to near) and then programmed into the memory of the AR system for a particular user. In certain situations, causing the user's eyes to converge toward a near or closer virtual image can use the lower and closer corresponding active pixels (or pixel patches) of two transparent near-eye displays, but for an additional image The convergence can take advantage of the higher and further separated pixels of two transparent near-eye displays.

This software embodiment, when used with appropriate hardware, allows the perceived virtual image to be moved forward and backward from the user's one or both eyes by any distance along the Z axis. In certain cases, the IPD can be set to a preset value between close to 55 mm and 60 mm for women and a preset value between 60 mm and 65 mm for men with large orbits. In other cases, the IPD can be customized to the user's precise IPD.

In another embodiment where depth perception (for XR, AR, or MR) is important for the use case, two transparent near-eye displays (as in the previous embodiment) are used to control the convergence of the two eyes of the user. However, in this embodiment, the corresponding active pixels (or pixel patches) of the transparent near-eye display for the right eye and the corresponding active pixels (or pixel patches) of the near-eye display for the left eye are not activated for use. His eyes establish the same exact convergence distance. In other words, the convergence distance to different parts of the same virtual image is intentionally set at a different distance in order to enhance the depth perception for stereo vision. The active pixels (or pixel patches) of one near-eye display are intentionally slightly misaligned with respect to the relative position of the corresponding active pixels (or pixel patches) of the other display. This misalignment causes the user's right eye and the user's left eye to converge and see a virtual image at slightly different distances. The amount / degree of misalignment causes the two eyes of the user to be misaligned, but remains within the user's Panum-type fusion zone, thus providing a depth perception of the virtual image seen by the user's eyes.

In yet another embodiment in which enhanced depth perception is desired (by way of example only, such as a 3D hologram), a first image is presented to the right eye with a first transparent near-eye display (in front of the right eye) and a The different images are presented to the left eye by means of a second transparent near-eye display (in front of the left eye). The features of the two images are designed to be summed / merged to form a type of 3D holographic image or a significant 3D image. By way of example only, the method of summing or merging images is to modulate the image displayed by the right transparent near-eye display faster than the user's left eye, and to adjust the image faster than the user's right eye can perceive the change. The change quickly adjusts the image displayed by the left transparent near-eye display. Therefore, the user's eyes cannot sense any modulation and the brain merges the two images together to form an enhanced image with significant depth and stereo vision. In yet another embodiment, by using the time adjustment of the right and left displayed images, one displayed image is delayed relative to the other displayed image by 50 milliseconds to 150 milliseconds to achieve significant depth perception.

In particular embodiments, software with associated hints can be used to prompt a controller / driver about where to position the virtual image relative to the user's eyes. By way of example only, a specific suggestion associated with (by way of example only) a child's image can locate the child's virtual image at a close distance. A difference associated with (by way of example only) a child's image implies that the child's virtual image can be located at an intermediate distance. And another difference associated with (by way of example only) a child's image implies that the child's virtual image can be located at a distance. In other embodiments, specific software with associated hints may prompt a first transparent near-eye display to modulate the virtual image in a specific duty cycle, while the software prompts a second transparent near-eye display to use the same duty cycle but to make the second display The duty cycle is adjusted in a manner that is slightly delayed from the duty cycle of the first display. In a specific embodiment, software with a specific hint can align the virtual image at a distance from a user's eyes (or two eyes) along the Z axis. In a specific embodiment, software with a specific hint can cause the virtual image seen by the user's eyes to have depth. In a specific embodiment, software with a specific hint can cause the virtual image seen by the user's eyes to have a depth perception. In a specific embodiment, software with a specific hint can cause the virtual image seen by the user's eyes to have significant depth perception. In a specific embodiment, software with a specific hint may cause the virtual image seen by the user's eyes to have a full-image perception.

In another embodiment, an additional stereoscopic and adaptive cue is provided by image magnification. In one embodiment, the microlens array has a fixed image magnification designed to project a virtual image at a fixed distance (as an example, 20 inches). In another embodiment, the microlens array has a variable magnification provided by (as an example) a small lens with a dynamic focusing element or the distance between the near-eye display and the microlens array so as to When the virtual image combination formed by the front near-eye display changes the stereo distance of the virtual image. The positions of the activated pixels in the two displays ensure that a convergence distance is equal to the stereo distance implied by the image magnification of the virtual image in the two eyes.

In yet another embodiment that can be used for people with impaired vision, the magnification due to the distance of the microlens array from the near-eye display can be adjusted to increase or decrease the magnification of the virtual image on the user's eyes. Small level. By way of example only, a narrower space / gap or distance between the microlens array and the near-eye display will cause a higher magnification of the virtual image on the retina of the user's eye and the A larger space / gap or distance will cause a smaller magnification of the virtual image on the retina of the user's eye. Therefore, it is possible to provide an auxiliary vision device (low vision device) with a desired magnification level of one of the displayed virtual images to help the visually impaired person to see more clearly.

In a specific embodiment disclosed herein, the microlens array is a dynamically switchable (on-off) microlens array. In other embodiments disclosed herein, the microlens array is a static (always on) microlens array. In a particular embodiment, the microlens array is sufficiently filled with microlenses. In other embodiments, the microlens array is partially filled with microlenses. In a specific embodiment disclosed herein that utilizes infinite conjugate optics, the microlenses of the microlens array collimate the light rays passing through the microlenses of the microlens array, thereby causing the light rays to reach the user. The cornea of the eye is parallel to each other. When this occurs, the optical structure of the user's eyes focuses the light on the central depression of the user's eyes (assuming the user's eyes are facing the eye). And if this is not the case, by way of example only, corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses) will be worn. When using infinite conjugate optics, the image seen by the user's eyes is facing up. In other embodiments disclosed herein that utilize finite conjugate optics, the microlenses of the microlens array focus light rays that pass through the microlenses of the microlens array, thereby causing the light rays to converge and be visible to the user's eyes An image is formed in front. The resulting image is seen by the eye in front of the eye, but the image formed on the retina is upside down / upside down. If the user is not facing the eye, by way of example only, corrective lenses (glasses or contact lenses) will be worn. When using finite conjugate optics, the image seen by the user's eyes is inverted. Therefore, in these embodiments, using finite conjugate optics, the near-eye display is programmed to present an upside down image so that the composite image seen by the user's eyes is properly oriented (as opposed to upside down). The light rays that make up the real image are not upside down when they reach the eye, because they do not pass through the finite conjugate optics of the microlens array. It should further be pointed out that the light rays forming a real image (as seen by the eyes of a user) pass through the entire transparent optical module. The light rays forming a virtual image (as seen by a user's eyes) pass through only a portion of the transparent optical module.

By changing one or more features (by way of example only), pixel size, pixel pitch, thickness, MLA microlens optical magnification or gap distance (air gap or material spacer), transparent near-eye optics as taught herein The module can be used (by way of example only) with any near-eye display device utilized near the user's eyes, attached to or embedded within any near-eye display device. By way of example only, 1) all forms of glasses (by example; sports glasses, shooting glasses, cycling glasses, safety glasses, industrial glasses, space goggles, clothes glasses, military glasses, low vision glasses; and / or 2 ) All forms of headgear, by way of example only; helmets, face shields, etc .; and / or 3) medical devices. In the particular case above, one or several eye trackers working in association with sensors that sense eye movement and eye position are utilized.

The transparent near-eye display optical module can be used monocularly for one eye or for two purposes or binocular when two such modules are used; one module is used for each eye. In certain embodiments, the brightness level of the virtual image needs to be controlled relative to the brightness level of the outdoor real-world ambient light. Transparent near-eye displays can use illuminants, by way of example only, OLED, TOLED or micro LED. One or more light sensors can be used to measure the ambient light level (outdoor or indoor). In this embodiment, the brightness of the transparent near-eye display outdoor is controlled up and down to maintain within the range of +/- 25% of the brightness of the outdoor real-world light environment. In this embodiment, the brightness of the transparent near-eye display outdoors is controlled up and down to maintain the brightness within the range of +/- 25% of the brightness of the indoor light environment. In a specific case, the transparent near-eye display is modulated with a duty cycle higher than 50% but less than 100% when used outdoors to reduce the brightness intensity of the transparent near-eye display. In a specific embodiment, the brightness level of the virtual image needs to be controlled relative to the brightness level of the indoor ambient light. In this embodiment, the brightness of the transparent near-eye display outdoors is controlled up and down to maintain the brightness within the range of +/- 25% of the brightness of the indoor light environment. In a specific case, the transparent near-eye display is adjusted at a duty cycle of less than 50% when used indoors to reduce the brightness intensity of the transparent near-eye display module. In a specific embodiment, the near-eye display optical module may change the transmission percentage of light from the real world that passes through the transparent near-eye display module. This can be done by means of a forward substrate or a coating (by way of example only) on top of it, photochromic, electrochromic or thermochromic (farthest away from the user's eyes).

Various aspects of the invention are provided below.

Aspect A1. A transparent near-eye display optical module, wherein the module includes a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display spaced from one or more optically aligned microlens arrays, wherein the sparsely filled near-eye display has an active pixel density (by way of example only) Mode, OLED and / or iLED) means that the area of the transparent near-eye display is less than 50%, less than 35%, less than 25%, less than 15%, less than 10%, or less than 5%, and a real image (such as a user's eye (See) Light rays from the real world pass through the see-through near-eye display, the space between the near-eye display and the microlens array, and the microlens array (which can be an air gap or a material spacer) The light rays forming a virtual image (as seen by the eyes of a user) are generated by the active pixels of the sparsely filled near-eye display, and the light rays travel through the near-eye display and the microlens array. Space and then pass through one or more microlenses of the microlens array. The near-eye display is optionally configured to reduce the emission of outward light away from the wearer's eyes. When the eyes of a user looking at infinity need to correct optical magnification to focus light on his retina, this correction lens is located between the user's eyes and the microlens array. The use of the term "active pixel" as used herein is intended to be capable of emitting light (one or several pixels) at any one time. This means that the pixels may be lit when displaying an image and have not been intentionally turned off or programmed to be turned off so that the transparent near-eye display is a transparent sparse-filled near-eye display.

Aspect A2. In other embodiments involving transparent pixels (such as by way of example only, TOLED), the pixel density may be the pixel density of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display (less than one 100% of a fully filled transparent near-eye display) or a Fully-filled pixel density of the transparent near-eye display (this limits the active pixels of a fully-filled near-eye display at any one time so that the fully-filled near-eye display acts / imitates a sparsely filled near-eye display). By way of example only, by limiting the number of active pixels of a TOLED display, an appropriate amount of light rays from the real world can be transmitted through the TOLED display to form a real image seen by the user's eyes, while allowing the TOLED display to provide / An appropriate amount of light rays is generated for forming a virtual image seen by a user's eyes.

Aspect A3. In still other embodiments, a transparent near-eye display may be modulated and have a duty cycle of on and off to allow real images to be seen in only one time period (when no pixels generate light) and virtual images to Seen in only one time period (when most pixels produce light). This then continues to repeat itself over and over. This duty cycle can be in the range of 1.0% to 50%. When using this embodiment, the associated aligned microlens array can also be adjusted so as to have a duty cycle (off and on) that mimics the duty cycle of the near-eye display and is synchronized with the duty cycle of the near-eye display. When the microlens array is turned off and the microlens array has very little optical magnification, the light rays from the real world can pass through with a large change.

Aspect A5. A transparent near-eye display optical module, wherein the module includes a transparent near-eye display and one or more optically aligned microlens arrays, wherein the "active pixel density" of the near-eye display represents less than 25% of the area of the transparent near-eye display , Less than 20%, less than 15%, less than 10%, or less than 5%, in which a light ray from the real world forming a real image passes through the see-through near-eye display, and a light ray forming a virtual image is assisted by the near-eye display. Pixels are generated by illuminating and where the near-eye display is structured to reduce the emission of light away from the wearer's eyes.

Aspect A6. The microlens array as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens array is modulated so that the plurality of microlenses pass light rays from the plurality of active pixels of the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display, so that less than 50% of the time Virtual image.

Aspect A7. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens array is modulated so that the plurality of microlenses pass light rays from the plurality of active pixels of the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display so that less than 25% of the time is formed Virtual image.

Aspect A8. The transparent near-eye display optical module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the module is a photon optical module.

Aspect A9. The optical module of any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the module is attached to a spectacle frame and wherein the attachment is by means of one of or on one of a front face, a bridge, and a temple of the spectacle track.

Aspect A10. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display includes a TOLED display.

Aspect A11. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display includes a see-through type micro LED display.

Aspect A12. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display includes a see-through OLED display.

Aspect A13. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display includes a plurality of pixel patches that are spaced apart.

Aspect A14. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display includes a plurality of pixel squares spaced apart.

Aspect A15. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display includes a plurality of pixel blocks or patches spaced apart, and wherein the distance between the pixel blocks or patches is between In the range of 150 microns to 500 microns.

Aspect A16. A pixel as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the pixels have a size in the range of 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers.

Aspect A17. The microlens according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens has a size in a range of 25 micrometers to 750 micrometers.

Aspect A18. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein one microlens of the microlens array is in optical communication with a plurality of pixels.

Aspect A19. The microlens array of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein a microlens of the microlens array is in optical communication with a specific pixel patch.

Aspect A20. The microlens array of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein a microlens of the microlens array is in optical communication with a specific pixel block (s) or patch.

Aspect A21. The microlens array of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein each microlens of the microlens array is located within a range of 75 micrometers to 1 mm from each other.

Aspect A22. The pixel patch or block as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein a pixel patch or block includes a number of pixels in a range of 625 to 10,000 pixels.

Aspect A23. The pixel patch or block as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein each pixel in the pixel patch or block is located in a range of 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers apart from each other.

Aspect A24. The pixel patch or block according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein each pixel patch or block is measured in a range of 150 μm × 150 μm to 750 μm × 750 μm.

Aspect A25. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display includes a plurality of patches or squares spaced apart, and one of the wearers' eyes can be seen at any one time at a time 16 to 36 patches or cubes.

Aspect A26. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein an eye tracker is utilized in association with the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display, and wherein a specific active pixel is turned off when the eye moves across the near-eye display.

Aspect A27. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein an eye tracker is utilized in association with the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display, and wherein a specific active pixel is turned on when the eye moves across the near-eye display.

Aspect A28. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display provides a magnification of one of the virtual images in a range of 1 to 10 times.

Aspect A29. The module of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the module is bent to a base arc before the spectacle lens in optical communication therewith.

Aspect A30. The module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the module is bent in a horizontal direction to a horizontal curve of the spectacle lens in optical communication therewith.

Aspect A31. A transparent near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display includes pixel patches or squares that are faceted or inclined to see through a pixel patch or pixel square In one segment, the sight of the wearer's eyes moves horizontally across one segment of the transparent near-eye display, allowing the wearer's sight to be within zero, 10, 15, 20, or 25 degrees of the vertical line.

Aspect A32. The module of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the module includes an air gap cavity.

Aspect A33. The module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the module is located in front of a spectacle lens, and wherein there is a gap (air gap or material spacer) between the module and the front of the spectacle lens.

Aspect A34. The gap (material spacer or air gap) according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the thickness of the gap (air gap or material gap) is within a range of 25 microns and 2.0 mm.

Aspect A35. The gap (material gap or air gap) according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the thickness of the gap (air gap or material gap) is in a range of 50 microns and 150 microns.

Aspect A36. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the thickness of the microlens array is in a range of 0.3 mm and 2.0 mm.

Aspect A37. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the thickness of the microlens array is within a range of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm.

Aspect A38. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display has a thickness in a range of 0.3 mm and 2.0 mm.

Aspect A39. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display has a thickness in a range of 0.35 mm and 1.0 mm.

Aspect A40. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display module has a thickness within a range of 1.0 mm and 4.0 mm.

Aspect A41. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display is a faceted display.

Aspect A42. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display has a plurality of pixel patches or squares that are tilted.

Aspect A43. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display has a plurality of pixel patches or squares with facets attached.

Aspect A44. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display has sparsely filled, inclined, and faceted pixels.

Aspect A45. The transparent near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display has a plurality of integrators that integrate colors from a plurality of color pixels.

Aspect A46. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display is monochrome.

Aspect A47. The transparent near-eye display of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display provides a plurality of colors.

Aspect A48. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display is QVGA.

Aspect A49. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display is larger than a QVGA.

Aspect A50. The transparent near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display is a full VGA.

Aspect A51. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display module causes a time sequence adjustment of a virtual image and a real image.

Aspect A52. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display module causes the virtual image and the real image to be viewed at the same time.

Aspect A53. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display module can be releasably attached to a plurality of different glasses frames.

Aspect A54. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the bottom edge of the transparent near-eye display module may be located at or above the upper edge of the pupil of the wearer's eye.

Aspect A55. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display module is adjustable with respect to a pupil of one of the eyes of a wearer.

Aspect A56. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display module can adjust the virtual image.

Aspect A57. The transparent near-eye display module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the transparent near-eye display module can irradiate a pupil of a user's eye from 1 to 15 nits.

Aspect A58. The near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is a miniature OLED display.

Aspect A59. The near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is a miniature iLED display.

Aspect A60. The near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is composed of an OLED or a TOLED.

Aspect A61. The near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is composed of iLEDS.

Aspect A62. The near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a transparent electrode section.

Aspect A63. The near-eye display of any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a transparent or semi-transparent section between pixel patches or squares.

Aspect A64. The near-eye display of any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a transparent or semi-transparent section between pixel patches or squares.

Aspect A65. The near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a transparent or translucent section between pixels.

Aspect A66. The near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a transparent or translucent section between pixel patches or squares that is opaque on the side remote from the eye of the wearer.

Aspect A67. The near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a transparent or translucent section between pixel patches or squares that is opaque on the side away from or close to the eye of the wearer.

Aspect A68. The near-eye display of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a fill factor of one of 50%, 40%, 30%, 20%, 10%, 5%, or less pixels.

Aspect A69. The near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a fill factor of 10% or less pixels.

Aspect A70. The near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a fill factor of one of the pixel patches of 20% or less.

Aspect A71. The near-eye display of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a fill factor of one of the 5% or less pixel patches.

Aspect A72. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens array has a fill factor of 75% or 50% or less.

Aspect A73. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens array has a fill factor of 50% or less.

Aspect A74. The near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is a TOLED display.

Aspect A75. The near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is an OLED display.

Aspect A76. The near-eye display according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is an iLED or a micro LED display.

Aspect A77. The near-eye display of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is behind the one or more pixel patches on the pixel or pixel patches on the side (s) furthest from the wearer's eye Segments are opaque, and the segments between the pixels and / or pixel patches are transparent.

Aspect A78. The near-eye display of any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display is behind the one or more pixel patches on the pixel or pixel patches on the side (s) furthest from the wearer's eye Segments are opaque, and the segments between the pixels and / or pixel patches are translucent.

Aspect A79. The near-eye display of any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the (or) electronic buses of the near-eye display are oriented in a vertical direction.

Aspect A80. The near-eye display of any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the (or) electronic bus of the near-eye display is oriented in the horizontal direction and is located in an upper region of the near-eye display.

Aspect A81. The near-eye display as in any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the line of sight can reach the near-eye display without crossing an electronic bus.

Aspect A82. The near-eye optical module according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the optical module includes a micro lens array.

Aspect A83. The microlens array of any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens array includes a plurality of microlenses and wherein the microlenses collimate light from the near-eye display.

Aspect A84. The near-eye display as in any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display provides a reversed image of the frontal orientation seen by the wearer / user's eyes.

Aspect A85. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens array includes a plurality of microlenses, and wherein the microlenses focus light from the near-eye display.

Aspect A86. The near-eye display of any of the foregoing aspects, wherein the near-eye display has a properly oriented image of one of the front-facing faces seen by the wearer / user's eyes.

Aspect A87. The microlens array according to any one of the foregoing aspects, wherein the microlens array is sparsely filled with microlenses.

Aspect A88. In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sparsely filled with pixels. In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sufficiently filled with pixels. In a particular embodiment, the material or element is positioned behind the pixel (or pixel patch) (farther from the user's eyes) to reduce and, if possible, eliminate the amount of outward light from the pixel away from the user's eyes. By way of example only, this material may be an opaque material or element. In other embodiments, by way of example only, when a TOLED is used as a near-eye display, this opaque material or element blocks both outward and inward light from the real world, such outward and inward light Without this opaque material or element, it is possible to pass through a transparent pixel patch and then pass through one of the microlens arrays to align the microlenses.

Aspect A89. In the embodiment, when using such an opaque material or element, by way of example only, the size of the material or element may be the size of the pixel patch or slightly larger, or the size of the microlens aligned with the pixel patch. Or slightly larger. By way of example only, the outer peripheral shape of the opaque material or element can be the shape of a pixel patch or a microlens aligned with the pixel patch. One opaque material or element may be separated from the next closest opaque material or element. Therefore, by using a plurality of opaque materials or elements that are shaped, sized, and aligned with their respective pixel patches (pixel patches) and further aligned with the microlenses (which are aligned with the pixel patches) It is possible to maintain high transparency of one of the transparent optical modules.

Aspect B1. An AR module includes a transparent near-eye display, an air gap, and a microlens array, wherein the microlens array is aligned with the near-eye display, wherein the near-eye display includes less than 50%, less than 40%, less than 30%, and less than 20 A pixel fill factor of less than 10%, less than 10%, or less than 5%, and wherein the microlens array collimates light rays from the transparent near-eye display toward the wearer's eyes.

Aspect B2. The AR module in aspect B1, wherein the AR module is transparent.

Aspect B3. The AR module in aspect B1 or B2, wherein the AR module is independent of the spectacle lens.

Aspect B4. The AR module of any one of aspects B1 to B3, wherein the AR module can be attached to the front surface of an eyeglass lens, embedded in the front surface of an eyeglass lens, separated and aligned at a distance through a pair of glasses The lens is in front of the front surface.

Aspect B5. The near-eye display of any of aspects B1 to B4, wherein the near-eye display includes a plurality of pixel patches emitting light rays, wherein the light rays from each pixel patch are transmitted through an aligned microlens Each pixel patch can form a virtual image on the retina of the wearer's eye.

Aspect B6. The near-eye display according to any one of aspects B1 to B5, wherein the near-eye display has a transparency greater than one of 60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%.

Aspect B7. The near-eye display according to any one of aspects B1 to B6, wherein the near-eye display has a transparency greater than 90%.

Aspect B8. The AR module according to any one of aspects B1 to B7, wherein the AR module causes 30 times, 20 times, 10 times or less of the image formed by a pixel patch on the retina of the wearer's eye. A magnification.

Aspect B9. The AR module according to any one of aspects B1 to B8, wherein the AR module provides a positive or negative 12.5 degree or 25 degree field of view.

Aspect B10. The AR module according to any one of aspects B1 to B9, wherein the AR module provides QVGA resolution on the retina of the wearer's eye.

Aspect B11. The AR module according to any one of aspects B1 to B0, wherein the AR module is hermetically sealed.

Cross-reference to related applications
This application relies on the disclosure of the application date of U.S. Patent Application Serial No. 16 / 008,707, filed on June 14, 2018, and the following U.S. provisional patent applications with application dates and titles, and claims priority to these applications Rights and benefits, the disclosures of these applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
62 / 694,222, filed on 07/05/2018: Optimizing Micro-Lens Array for use with TOLED for Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality
62 / 700,621, filed on 07/19/2018: LC Switchable See-Through TOLED Optical Combiner for Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality
62 / 700,632 filed on 07/19/2018: Improved See-Through TOLED Optical Combiner for Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality
62 / 703,909, filed on 07/27/2018: Near Eye See-Through Display Optical Combiner for Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality
62 / 703,911, filed on 07/27/2018: LC Switchable Near Eye See-Through Display Combiner for Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality
62 / 711,669, filed on 07/30/2018: Near Eye See-Through Display Optical Combiner Comprising LC Switchable Lensing System for Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality
62 / 717,424, filed on 08/10/2018: Near Eye See-Through Display Optical Combiner for Augmented Reality or Mixed Reality and HMD
62 / 720,113 filed on 08/20/2018: Sparsely Populated Near Eye Display Optical Combiner and Static Micro-Optic Array for AR and MR
62 / 720,116 filed on 08/21/2018: Sparsely Populated Near Eye Display Optical Combiner for AR and MR
62 / 728,251 filed on 09/07/2018: Figures For Eyewear Comprising a See-Through Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 732,039, filed on 09/17/2018: Eyewear Comprising a Dynamic See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 732,138, filed on 09/17/2018: Binocular See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 739,904 filed on 10/02/2018: See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner Module and Attachment Mean
62 / 739,907, filed on 10/02/2018: Dynamic See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner Module and Attachment Mean
62 / 752,739 filed on 10/30/2018: Photonic Optical Combiner Module
62 / 753,583 filed on 10/31/2018: Improved Photonic Optical Combiner Module
62 / 754,929, filed on 11/02/2018: Further Improved Photonic Optical Combiner Module
62 / 755,626 filed on 11/05/2018: Near Eye Display See Through Optical Combiner
62 / 755,630, filed on 11/05/2018: Static See Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 756,528, filed on 11/06/2018: Detachable Attachable Two Section Frame Front for XR
62 / 756,542, filed on 11/06/2018: Spectacle Lens in Optical Communication with See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 769,883 filed on 11/20/2018: Enhanced Near Eye Display Optical Combiner Module
62 / 770,210 filed on 11/21/2018: Further Enhanced Near Eye Display Optical Combiner Module
62 / 771,204 filed on 11/26/2018: Adjustable Virtual Image Near Eye Display Optical Combiner Module
62 / 774,362 filed on 12/03/2018: Integrated Lens with NSR Optical Combiner
62 / 775,945 filed on 12/06/2018: See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner Module With Front Light Blocker
62 / 778,960, filed on 12/13/2018: See-Through Near Eye Display Having Opaque Pixel Patches
62 / 778,972, filed on 12/13/2018: Improved See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner Module With Front Light Blocker
62 / 780,391, filed on 12/17/2018: See-Through Modulated Near Eye Display With Light Emission Away From The Eye of a Wearer Reduced or Blocked
62 / 780,396, filed on 12/17/2018: Modulated MLA and / or Near Eye Display Having Light Emission Away From The Eye of a Wearer Reduced or Blocked
62 / 783,596, filed on 12/21/2018: Modulated MLA and / or Near Eye Display With Light Emission Away From Eye of User
62 / 783,603 filed on 12/21/2018: Improved Modulated MLA and / or Near Eye Display With Light Emission Away From Eye of User
62 / 785,284, filed on 12/27/2018: Advanced See-Through Modulated Near Eye Display With Outward Light Emission Reduced or Blocked
62 / 787,834, filed on 01/03/2018: Advanced Integrated Lens with NSR Optical Combiner
62 / 788,275 filed on 01/04/2019: Advanced See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 788,993, filed on 01/07/2019: Fabricating an Integrated Lens with See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 788,995, filed on 01/07/2019: Further Advanced See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 790,514 filed on 01/10/2019: Further, Further Advanced See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 790,516 filed on 01/10/2019: Advanced, Advanced See-Through Near Eye Display Optical Combiner
62 / 793,166 filed on 01/16/2019: Near Eye Display See-Through Module for XR
62 / 794,779 filed on 01/21/2019: Near Eye Module Invention Summary
62 / 796,388, filed on 01/24/2019: Transparent Near Eye Display Invention Summary
Application submitted on 01/24/2019 62 / 796,410: Transparent Near Eye Module Summary

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention. It should be understood that the following discussion of the exemplary embodiments is not intended as a limitation of the present invention. Rather, the following discussion is provided to give the reader a more detailed understanding of one of the specific aspects and features of the invention.

According to an embodiment of the present invention (see FIG. 1 a and FIG. 1 b), a transparent near-eye optical module includes: a transparent near-eye display including a plurality of pixels, and the plurality of pixels are sometimes configured as pixel patches across the near-eye display; And a microlens array spaced apart from one or more pixels (or pixel patches) of the near-eye display and positioned to be optically aligned with the one or more pixels (or pixel patches). A light block is optionally placed behind each pixel and on the side furthest from the eyes of a user. The transparent near-eye optical module may be sealed. By way of example only, the seal may be one or more of the following: hermetically sealed, embedded in the spectacle lens and overcoated, embedded in the spectacle lens resin, and cured to contact the lens matrix system continuously. By way of example only, a multilayer coating may be applied to the transparent near-eye optical module as needed to provide a hermetic seal. By way of example only, this coating may be a sealant such as a plurality of paralyne-C and SiOx layers deposited alternately. Typically, 5 to 12 layers are applied, providing a total thickness of about 25 microns [range 10 to 30 microns]. The hermetic seal can cover the entire outer surface area or a part of the transparent near-eye optical module. The sealant can also play a role in reducing light reflection from the external surface of the optical module of the transparent near-eye display. The transparent near-eye optical module is activated by means of an electrical connection (by way of example only, a thin flexible cable or printed circuit). By way of example only, the transparent near-eye optical module may also contain sensors, electrical connectors, material spacers, air gaps, light-shielding apertures, nano-holes, optics around the base of one or more pixel patches, as appropriate. Optical (such as by way of example only) blocks of components, extra lenslets, or pixel patches or pixels.

In the present invention, a near-eye display (NED) is defined as an electronic or mechanical display placed at a distance from the main plane of the optical system of the eye, where the retinal image produced by the NED is blurred regardless of the eye's capacity. , Making the image blurry beyond the image recognition threshold. As used herein, a NED is generally a transparent electronic microdisplay. (The term "transparent" as used herein is intended to include translucency).

By way of example only, any of the following light sources or illuminants can be used with a near-eye display, or any of the following light sources or illuminants can be used as a near-eye display: OLED microdisplay, iLED (microLED), TOLED ( Transparent organic light emitting diode), PHOLED (phosphorescent OLED), FOLED (flexible OLED), WOLED (white OLED), ELD (electroluminescent display), TFEL (thin film electroluminescence), TDEL (thick dielectric electroluminescence) ) Or a combination of any of the above.

The transparent near-eye display is a see-through type near-eye display. The transparent near-eye display uses a transparent substrate. The transparent substrate supports a pixel or a light emitter of the transparent near-eye display. The guidance system of the transparent near-eye display is transparent. By way of example only, these conductors are made of ITO. The transparent near-eye display can transmit light rays originating at a distance in front of the transparent near-eye module (farthest from the user's eyes) through the near-eye display to reach the eyes of one of the users of the transparent near-eye module to form A real image perceived by the user. These light rays forming a real image pass through both the near-eye display and the microlens array. The near-eye display can further generate light rays generated by the active pixels of the near-eye display to form a virtual image perceived by a user. The light rays forming the virtual image are emitted by means of a near-eye display and further pass through one or more microlenses of the microlens array before entering one of the eyes of the user.

The transparent near-eye display may include transparent pixels and / or where light is blocked or reduced on the furthest side from the eye of a wearer and has between the pixels and / or pixel patches a device that will allow real-world light rays to pass through. Pixels in the transparent or translucent section of the display. The pixels or pixel patches are supported by a transparent substrate. In a particular embodiment, an opaque feature called a light block is used to reduce light projected away from the eyes of a user of a transparent near-eye display. The light block may be located on the side of the pixel or pixel patch furthest from the user's eyes. A light block may be located behind a pixel. A light block may be located behind a pixel patch. One light block can be separated from adjacent light blocks at a distance to allow light from the real world to pass through, thus making the transparent near-eye display transparent.

In a specific embodiment, the pixels of the near-eye display may be transparent. In a specific embodiment, the pixels of the near-eye display may be opaque, however, the space between the pixels may be transparent. In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display may include a pixel patch, each pixel patch having an opaque light block behind the pixel patch on an opaque side of the pixel patch furthest from the user's eyes , Wherein the section of the transparent near-eye display is transparent between adjacent light blocks. In other embodiments, the near-eye display may include a pixel, each pixel having an opaque light block located behind the pixel on the farthest side of the pixel from the user's eye, wherein the transparent near-eye display section It is transparent between adjacent light blocks. The near-eye display may be translucent. The near-eye display may be transparent. The near-eye display may be translucent. The transparent near-eye display may be made of a passive matrix or an active matrix.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display may have its pixels or pixel patches positioned in the optical well located on or in the transparent near-eye display facing the user's eyes. The pixels or their pixel patches are recessed in the wells. The shape of the wells causes light rays to be projected towards the user's eyes in a largely collimated manner. In another embodiment, the transparent near-eye display may have its pixels or pixel patches positioned in the optical well located on or in the transparent near-eye display facing the user's eyes. The pixels or their pixel patches are recessed in the wells. A microlens covering of each well can cause the light rays to be projected towards the user's eyes in a collimated manner. In another embodiment, the transparent near-eye display may have its pixels or pixel patches positioned in the optical well located on or in the transparent near-eye display facing the user's eyes. The pixels or their pixel patches are recessed in the wells. Attachment (directly or indirectly) to an aligned microlens array of the transparent near-eye display may cause the light rays to be projected towards the user's eyes in a collimated manner. In another embodiment, the transparent near-eye display includes a microlens that is aligned and attached (directly or indirectly) to the transparent near-eye display such that the light rays are projected toward the user's eye in a collimated manner. One or more microlenses of the array are pixels or pixel patches spaced apart. In most, but not all embodiments, disclosed herein, a microlens is somehow separated from a pixel (with the microlens aligned therein) in a certain distance.

A microlens array may be a microlens array formed on a transparent substrate. By way of example only, each microlens including the microlens array may be one or more of the following: plano-convex, Biconvex, aspheric, achromatic, diffraction, refraction, phase-wound Fresnel lens, Fresnel lens or one of the positive and negative lenses forming a Gaber perfect lens, one lens and one A combination or a GRIN lens. (See, for example, Figures 2a, 2b, 2c.) In most, but not all cases, MLA (Microlens Array) is anti-reflective coated on one or both sides.

One of the transparent near-eye modules taught herein includes any near-eye display (with or without an associated lens array) capable of transmitting / transmitting real-world light rays through it to form a real image as perceived by the eyes of a user. ), And also generates or emits a light ray forming a virtual image from the near-eye display, thus allowing a user or a wearer to see the augmented reality or mixed reality. The lens array may be a micro lens array or a micro optical array. One or more pixel patches may be located within a block of the near-eye display. By way of example only, a single pixel patch may include 9 pixels. (See Figures 3a and 3b.) By way of example only, a block may include a 64 pixel patch. (See FIGS. 4a and 4b.) The transparent near-eye display may have a plurality of squares each having one or more pixel patches, wherein each pixel patch has a plurality of pixels.

In one embodiment, a transparent near-eye display optical module is used, wherein the module includes a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display spaced from one or more optically aligned microlens arrays (only by way of example, this The interval may be an air gap or a material spacer), wherein the sparsely filled active-pixel density of the near-eye display (by way of example only, OLED and / or iLED) represents less than 50% and less than 35% of the area of the transparent near-eye display , Less than 25%, less than 15%, less than 10%, or less than 5%. In an embodiment, a light ray from the real world that forms a real image passes through the see-through near-eye display, the space between the near-eye display and the microlens array, and the microlens array, wherein the light travels between the near-eye display and the microlens array. The space and then the one or more microlenses of the microlens array form a virtual image of light rays generated by sparsely filling the active pixels of the near-eye display, and the near-eye display is structured to reduce emission outwards away from the wearer's eyes Light. When the user's eyes (when looking at infinity) need to correct the optical power to focus the light on their retina, this correction lens can be located between the user's eyes and the microlens array. The use of the term "active pixel" as used herein is intended to be a pixel that is activated to emit light at any one time. The wording gap, as used herein, is a space or distance between a pixel of a transparent near-eye display and the aligned microlenses of a microlens array. The gap can be filled with a material, air or a gas. The gap may have a distance ranging from 25 microns to 2 mm.

In other embodiments involving transparent pixels (by way of example only, such as TOLED), the pixel density may be the pixel density of a sparsely filled near-eye display (less than 100% of a fully filled near-eye display) or a fully filled Pixel density of the near-eye display (this limits the active pixels of a fully-filled near-eye display at any one time such that the fully-filled near-eye display acts as a sparsely filled near-eye display). By limiting the number of active pixels of a TOLED display, an appropriate amount of light rays from the real world can be transmitted through the TOLED display to form a real image as seen by the user's eyes, while allowing the TOLED display to provide / produce an appropriate amount of light rays To form a virtual image as seen by the user's eyes.

In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sparsely filled with pixels. In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is sufficiently filled with pixels. In a particular embodiment, the material or element (light block) is positioned behind the pixel (or pixel patch) (further away from the user's eyes) to reduce and, if possible, eliminate the outward from the pixel away from the user's eyes The amount of light. By way of example only, this material may be an opaque material or element (light block). In other embodiments, only by way of example, when a TOLED is used as a near-eye display, this opaque material or element (light block) blocks both outward light and inward light from the real world. Light and inward light can pass through a transparent pixel patch without this opaque material or element (light block), and then pass through one of the microlens arrays to be aligned with the microlenses.

In these embodiments, when using this opaque material or element (light block), by way of example only, the size of the material or element (light block) may be the size of the pixel or pixel patch or slightly Larger, or microlens aligned with pixels or pixel patches, or slightly larger. By way of example only, the perimeter shape of the opaque material or element (light block) can be the shape of a pixel or pixel patch or a microlens aligned with the pixel patch. An opaque material or element (light block) can be separated from the next closest opaque material or element (light block). Therefore, by using a plurality of opaque shapes that are shaped, sized, and aligned with their corresponding pixels or pixel patches (pixel patches) and further aligned with the microlenses (which are aligned with corresponding pixels or pixel patches) Materials or components (light blocks) may maintain high transparency of one of the transparent near-eye optical modules.

The light blocks used are located on the back side of each pixel or pixel patch. The light block is located on the back side of the pixel or pixel patch farthest from the user's eyes. In a particular embodiment, the light block is located directly behind and adjacent to the pixel or pixel patch. In other embodiments, the light block is located on a transparent substrate supporting the pixel or pixel patch and is located directly behind the pixel or pixel patch. In still other embodiments, the light block is located in a transparent substrate supporting the pixel or pixel patch and is located directly behind the pixel or pixel patch. By way of example only, the light block may be one of a film, paint, ink, coating, etch, or opaque material layer.

In yet other embodiments, a transparent near-eye display may be modulated and have a duty cycle of on and off to allow real images to be seen in only one time period (e.g., when no pixel generates light) and Seen in only one time period (for example, when most pixels produce light). This duty cycle can be in the range of 1% to 50%. When using this embodiment, the associated aligned microlens array can also be adjusted so as to have a duty cycle (off and on) that mimics the duty cycle of the near-eye display and is synchronized with the duty cycle of the near-eye display. When the microlens array is turned off, it has almost no optical magnification and light rays from the real world can pass through largely unchanged (meaning that light rays from the real world pass through without being engaged by a microlens) .

For clarity, the front of the transparent near-eye module is the part farthest from the wearer / user's eyes. The back of the transparent near-eye module is the part closest to the eyes of the wearer / user. Therefore, by way of example only, if a transparent near-eye display is embedded in or attached to the front side of an eyeglass lens, the front of the transparent near-eye display will be on the side of the eyeglass lens furthest from the wearer / user's eyes The back of the top and near-eye display will be closest to the eye of the wearer / user (similar to the case of spectacle lenses). For clarity, the front surface of the near-eye optical module is the farthest part from the wearer / user's eyes. The rear surface of the near-eye optical module is the portion closest to the eye of the wearer / user. This is easy to confuse because the back of the near-eye display can form the front of the near-eye display optical module and the back of the microlens array can form the back of the near-eye display optical module. When the transparent near-eye module is embedded in the front surface of a spectacle lens, the front surface of the transparent near-eye optical module (which is the back of the near-eye display) can conform to the front surface of the spectacle lens, and the front surface of the transparent near-eye optical module is embedded or attached. To the front surface of the spectacle lens (see, for example, Figures 5a, 5b, 5c). The back of the near-eye display may be curved to reflect the front surface base arc of the ophthalmic lens when it is one of the following; embedded in the eyeglass frame, attached to or fixed to the eyeglass frame, and positioned on an eyeglass lens ( (Eg, spectacle lenses or head-mounted lenses). The ophthalmic lens may have optical correction power or no optical correction power (plane power). As used herein, a pixel is a light emitter and a pixel may also be referred to as a sub-pixel emission area. Therefore, both a pixel and a sub-pixel emission area may be the same.

A transparent near-eye optical module may include a near-eye display and an optically aligned microlens array (MLA) spaced from the near-eye display. This interval may be by means of an air gap and / or a layer of material (see FIGS. 16a to 16d). The near-eye display may be sparsely pixelated to reproduce transparency (see FIGS. 6a to 6d). The near-eye display may consist of a sparse filling icon of a TOLED, OLED or micro LED. The near-eye display may be composed of sparsely filled pixel patches. The near-eye display may be composed of sparsely filled pixels. The near-eye display may consist of sparse filling icons. The microlens array can be attached and optically aligned with the transparent near-eye display. The plurality of pixels of the transparent near-eye display can be optically aligned with and optically communicate with the plurality of microlenses (see FIGS. 2a, 2b, 2c, 7a, 7b, and 7c). The microlens array may be attached to the transparent near-eye display such that the plurality of microlenses of the microlens array are aligned with the plurality of pixels of the transparent near-eye display, and the plurality of microlenses are aligned with the plurality of pixels, thereby One or more microlenses are aligned with and optically communicate with one or more pixels. The microlens array may be attached to the transparent near-eye display such that the plurality of microlenses of the microlens array are aligned with the plurality of pixel patches of the transparent near-eye display. This aligns a micro-lens with a single pixel patch (pixel patch) and optically communicates. By way of example only, a single pixel patch may include 9 pixels. By way of example only, a block may include a 64 pixel patch.

In a specific embodiment, the microlens array is placed between a near-eye display and a spectacle lens. In other embodiments, the microlens array can be placed between the near-eye display and the real environment and a second microlens array can be placed between the near-eye display and the ophthalmic lens. The microlens array can be configured to form an infinite or finite conjugate optics. One embodiment of the present invention disclosed herein may be an embodiment of a transparent near-eye optical module that includes a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display that is spaced apart from one or more optically aligned microlens arrays. The micro lens array can be directly or indirectly attached to a transparent near-eye display with a space therebetween. The space or gap may be an air gap or a material-filled gap / spacer. In a particular embodiment, the space or gap is filled with a layer of low refractive index material, by way of example only, such as polysilicon with a refractive index in the range of 1.41 to 1.45.

In an embodiment, the active pixel density of the sparsely filled near-eye display indicates that the area of the transparent near-eye display is less than 50% or less than 40%, and a real image (as seen by one of the eyes of a user) from the real world is formed. The light rays pass through the transparent near-eye display, and the light rays forming a virtual image (as seen by the eyes of a user) are generated by the sparsely filled active pixels of the near-eye display. The transparent near-eye display is optionally configured to reduce the emission of light away from the wearer's eyes. (See Figures 1a, 2a, 2c, 3b, 6d, 7c, and 8). The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have an active pixel density that is less than 30% or 20% of the area of the transparent near-eye display, where light rays from the real world that form a real image (as seen by a user's eye) pass through the The see-through type near-eye display, and the light rays forming a virtual image (as seen by the user's eyes) are generated by the sparsely filled active pixels of the near-eye display. The near-eye display is optionally configured to reduce the emission of light away from the wearer's eyes. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have an extremely sparseness, so it has an active pixel density of less than 15%, less than 10%, or less than 5% of the area of the transparent near-eye display, so as to form a real image (as seen by the eyes of a user) The light rays from the real world pass through the perspective state of the transparent near-eye display and form a virtual image (as seen by the eyes of a user) by means of the sparsely filled active pixels of the near-eye display. The transparent near-eye display is optionally configured to reduce the light emitted from the eyes of the wearer (see, for example, Figs. 2a, 2c, and 3b).

In most but not all embodiments, the near-eye optical module is hermetically sealed. Therefore, the near-eye display and the microlens array are attached, and the air gap or material spacer is enclosed and sealed. In other words, the front (most if not all) of the transparent near-eye display (which faces the user's eye) and the segment of the microlens array (farthest from the user's eye) with the air gap or material spacer between Surrounded by a wall of material and sealed. The seal may be a hermetic seal. (See, for example, Figures 1a and 1b.)

In particular, FIG. 6c shows one embodiment of one mode of active pixel modulation with a virtual image (active pixels are "multi-color or monochrome"). This mode shows the light rays from the real world forming a real image as seen by the eyes of a user and the light rays generated by the light rays from active pixels passing through the microlenses of the microlens array as seen by the eyes of a user A virtual image. This figure shows a plurality of squares, opaque parts or components, a pixel patch, and a microlens in which one microlens is aligned with a single pixel patch (pixel patch). It also shows an opaque part or element aligned with a microlens and single-pixel patch (which in this case is indicated by a box around the microlens and pixel patch). It is important to note that an opaque part or element shaped into a frame may also have a shape outside the perimeter of the microlenses (hence a circular or some other shape). Both the virtual image (as seen by the user's eyes) and the real image (as seen by the user's eyes) are periodically seen at the same time, where in the embodiment, the real image is seen more than the virtual image . For clarity, the transparent near-eye display always transmits light rays from the real world that form a real image (as seen by the user's eyes) through the transparent near-eye display, whether it is modulated by turning on or off its working cycle. However, the same transparent near-eye display only generates light that forms a virtual image (as seen by the user's eyes) when the transparent near-eye display is turned on with its duty cycle to modulate. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display can be extremely sparse. In this embodiment, the filling factor of the transparent pixels of the transparent near-eye display by the active pixels is 15% or less. This transparent space of the transparent near-eye display allows light rays from the outside of the module to pass through. The diagram with this embodiment shows that the OLED pixel is turned on. (See, for example, Figure 6c.)

FIG. 6d shows an embodiment of an active pixel "off" modulation (active pixel "opaque") mode with a virtual image. This figure shows a plurality of squares, opaque parts or components, pixel patches and microlenses in which one microlens is aligned with a single pixel patch (pixel patch). It also shows an opaque part or element aligned with a microlens and single-pixel patch (which in this case is indicated by a box around the microlens and pixel patch). Opaque parts or components that have been shaped into a frame (light block) can also have a perimeter shape outside the microlens (hence a circular or some other shape), or only by way of example, with pixels, pixel stickers The shape of one of a sheet or microlens (the opaque part or element is positioned behind it). The size of this light block may be equal to or slightly larger than the size of one of a pixel, a pixel patch, or a microlens. This mode further shows the light rays from the real world forming a real image as seen by the eyes of a user, which light rays pass around the OLED pixels. A user's eye does not see a virtual image because the OLED pixels are turned off, and light from the real world passes through the transparent area of the transparent near-eye display and passes between the microlenses of the microlens array. This figure shows OLED pixels that are turned off when light rays from the outside of the module can pass in a transparent space. In this embodiment, the pixel density of the filled transparent near-eye display is extremely sparse, and the filling factor of the active pixel to the transparent space is 15% or less. In certain other embodiments where the pixel density of the filled transparent near-eye display is extremely sparse, the sparse filled transparent near-eye display may have an active pixel density of 10% or less of the area of the transparent near-eye display, where a real image (such as a The light rays seen by the eyes of the person from the real world pass through the see-through near-eye display and form a virtual image (as seen by a user's eyes). The light rays are generated by sparsely filling the active pixels of the transparent near-eye display. The transparent near-eye display is optionally configured to reduce light emitted from one or more pixel patches away from the user's eyes, and in certain embodiments, reduces or eliminates transparent pixel patches that can penetrate the transparent near-eye display. Real-world light rays that then pass through the microlenses of the microlens array.

In a particular embodiment, a single pixel is in optical communication with individual microlenses of a microlens array. In a particular embodiment, the pixel patch is in optical communication with a single microlens. In a particular embodiment, a single pixel patch is in optical communication with a single microlens of one of the microlens arrays. In a specific embodiment, a pixel patch is in optical communication with a plurality of microlenses of a microlens array. In a particular embodiment, multiple pixel patches are aligned with a single microlens. In a particular embodiment, a single pixel is aligned with the microlenses of a microlens array. In a particular embodiment, multiple pixel patches are aligned with a single microlens. In a particular embodiment, a single pixel patch is optically aligned with a plurality of microlenses of a microlens array. In a particular embodiment, multiple pixel patches are aligned with a single microlens. In other embodiments, a pixel patch is aligned with a microlens.

The microlens array may be sparsely filled. By way of example only, in a specific embodiment, when the filling factor of the total area of the microlens to the microlens array is less than 75% but not less than 50%, a microlens array may have a medium sparsity. The microlens array may have sections between the microlenses of the microlens array, in which light rays from the real world can pass largely unchanged. By way of example only, in a specific embodiment, when the filling factor of the total area of the microlens to the microlens array is less than 50% but not less than 25%, a microlens array may have a significant sparsity. By way of example only, in a specific embodiment, when the fill factor of the overall area of the microlens to the microlens array is less than 25% but greater than 0%, a microlens array may have an extremely sparsity. In a specific embodiment, a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may include a plurality of pixels. In a specific embodiment, a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may include a plurality of pixel patches. In a specific embodiment, the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have a fill factor of one of the pixel patches of 50% but not less than 25%, so it is significantly sparse. In a specific embodiment, the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have a fill factor of one of the pixel patches less than 25% but greater than 0%, and thus is extremely sparse. In a specific embodiment, the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have a fill factor of one of the pixel patches of 10% or less. In a particular embodiment, the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have a fill factor of one of the pixel patches of 5% or less. The areas not filled with pixel patches may be transparent. The areas not filled with pixel patches may be translucent. The areas that are not filled with pixel patches may be translucent. A pixel patch may be located in a range of 3 to 1,000 microns from the next closest pixel patch. A pixel patch can range from 15 microns to 500 microns from the next closest pixel patch. The areas not filled with pixels may be transparent. The areas not filled with pixels may be translucent. Areas that are not filled with pixels may be translucent. The area of the microlens array that is not filled with microlenses may allow light from the real world to pass through largely unchanged and focused by the eyes of the wearer / user. The transparent near-eye display may be a TOLED display. The transparent near-eye display may be an OLED display. The near-eye display may be a miniature OLED display. The transparent near-eye display can be a miniature iLED display. The transparent near-eye display may be composed of TOLED. The transparent near-eye display may be composed of an OLED. The transparent near-eye display may be composed of iLEDS (Micro LED). The transparent near-eye display may have a transparent electrode section. The near-eye display may have a half-through electrode section. The near-eye display may have transparent or translucent sections between the pixel patches. The near-eye display may have transparent or translucent sections between pixels. The near-eye display may have transparent or translucent sections that are opaque on the side away from the wearer's eyes between the pixels. The near-eye display may have transparent or translucent sections that are opaque on the side away from the wearer's eyes between the pixels. The pixels may be transparent or translucent, but have an opaque part or element (light block) that reduces the emission of light away from the wearer's eyes. The pixels may be transparent or translucent, but have an opaque component or element (light block) that blocks light emitted from the wearer's eyes (see, for example, FIG. 8).

The pixels may be transparent or translucent, but have one opaque part or element that blocks inward light from the real world from passing through the microlenses aligned with the or the associated pixels. A pixel patch is composed of a plurality of pixels. The pixel patch can be transparent, translucent, or translucent. The individual pixels may have, on the farthest side from the user's eyes opposite each pixel, blocking light rays away from the user's eyes and blocking light rays from the real world from passing through in alignment with the associated pixel patch. An opaque part or element (light block) of one or several microlenses. One light block is separated from the adjacent light block at a distance, thus forming a certain amount of transparency in a pixel patch. In addition, a pixel patch is separated from an adjacent pixel patch at a distance, thus forming an additional amount of transparency. In a particular embodiment, the plurality of light blocks are located behind each of the plurality of pixels of a pixel patch (farthest away from the user's eyes), or behind each of the plurality of pixel patches. In other embodiments, the plurality of light blocks are located behind each of the plurality of pixel patches (farthest from the user's eyes).

In an embodiment having light blocks that are located behind individual pixels of a pixel patch, the pixel patch is transparent or translucent, because the pixels are separated from each other by distance and the plurality of light blocks are similarly Separate from each other. In this embodiment, light from the real world can be seen between pixels and additionally between pixel patches. In an embodiment, when a single light block is behind a single pixel patch, the pixel patch is opaque, and the transparency of the transparent near-eye display is obtained by seeing between adjacent pixel patches or adjacent light blocks. Realized by the light of the real world.

In other embodiments, a patch including a plurality of pixels may be aligned with one or more microlenses or a microlens array. (See, for example, Figures 2a, 2b, 2c, 7a, 7b, and 7c.) In particular, Figure 14 shows a single lenslet assembly surrounding a microlens array ( ie, an OLED-MLA unit). An embodiment of generating an alignment of one of the OLED patches (left) corresponding to the subretinal image (right). By way of example only, exemplary sizes of OLED patches (200 microns / side) and small lenses (microlenses) with a diameter of 450 microns are shown. In this embodiment, each OLED patch is aligned with a microlens, whereby the interval therebetween is 2.5 mm. By way of example only, the exemplary size of the corresponding retinal image is 64 pixels, +/- 2.5 degrees or 65 pixels, +/- 2.4 degrees, this covering or mostly covering the fovea of the user's eyes and showing To the right of the picture. FIG. 6a shows an embodiment of a plurality of TOLED-MLA units (only by way of example) that produces a full retinal image (right side) in a 5 × 5 layout (left side). In particular, Fig. 6a shows the alignment of a pixel patch relative to a plurality of individual microlenses (lenslets) separated by distance from the MLA. These microlenses are separated from each other and are also aligned as indicated and spaced apart from their corresponding pixel patches. Figure 6a shows a sparsely filled near-eye display aligned with a sparsely filled microlens array while being spaced apart from each other. In this embodiment, the filling factor of the active pixels to the transparent space is less than 50%, thereby promoting transparency. On the right side of the figure, a retinal image generated from (by way of example only) a 5 × 5 retinal sub-image is shown. Because TOLED displays are sparsely filled, a pixel patch produces each subretinal image. The overall retinal image shown corresponds to a field of view of +/- 2.5 degrees (or 5 degrees). Figure 6b shows that OLED and MLA units can be more densely packed (only by way of example, 650 micrometers between the center of each pixel patch). There are 9 pixels in a block that produce a retinal sub-image. A group of patches, where this group produces a sub-image with increased brightness.

Figures 7a and 7b show a pixel patch that is spaced apart from and aligned with a microlens and additionally has an aperture therebetween that surrounds the pixel patch. The pore structure is located around the pixel patch and is distantly spaced from the surface of the display toward the surface of the aligned microlenses. Merely by way of example, the aperture may be a protruding open ring approximately one of the outer diameter of the aligned microlens, a protruding open ring slightly larger than an outer diameter of the aligned microlens, or an open cylinder. The protruding ring may be transparent and have an optical magnification that redirects light rays that are not required so as not to penetrate one of the microlenses of the microlens array. The protruding ring may be translucent and have an optical magnification that redirects light rays that are not required so as not to penetrate one of the microlenses of the microlens array. The protruding ring may be opaque and have an optical magnification that redirects light rays that are not needed so as not to penetrate one of the microlenses of the microlens array. The inner walls of the open pores may be opaque. The inner wall of the open pore may be an optical design that extinguishes the light ray trying to penetrate it. In a particular embodiment, the aperture has a thickness on the z-axis that fills one of the spaces or gaps between the near-eye display and the microlens array while being limited along the x and y axes to areas around the pixel patch. In a particular embodiment, the aperture allows light from the pixel patch to enter and travel through an open aperture of one of the aligned microlenses. In a particular embodiment, the aperture system allows light from multiple pixels to enter and travel through one of the aligned microlenses to open the aperture. In a particular embodiment, the aperture system allows light from a pixel to enter and travel through one of the aligned microlenses to open the aperture. The perimeter outside the floor around the aperture can be of any shape; by way of example only, circular, oval, square or rectangular.

Figures 6c and 6d show an embodiment for modulating a virtual image with an active pixel patch to provide color or monochrome, where the ring represents a micro-alignment aligned with a single active pixel patch that is centered and formed on a square. One of a single lens in a lens array. Although most illustrations show a single pixel patch per square for simplicity and clarity, in certain embodiments, there are multiple pixel patches per square such that each pixel patch is one of a microlens array Microlenses aligned. Figure 7c shows a single pixel patch aligned with a single microlens, whereby an opaque backing exists in the form of a square behind and around the pixel patch.

Figure 6c shows a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display aligned with a sparsely filled microlens array (not shown) and spaced apart. By way of example only, the pixel fill factor of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display is less than 5%. For example only, the microlens fill factor of the aligned microlens array is less than 50%. Figure 6c illustrates the duty cycle when the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display is turned on. When the working cycle of the transparent near-eye display is turned on, there are a plurality of pixel patches that are active and aligned with a plurality of distantly spaced microlenses. A frame around the base of each pixel patch indicates an opaque backing that blocks or reduces light from the real world from traveling through the pixel patch and further blocks or reduces light from the pixel patch from projecting away from the user's eyes. Although Figure 6c shows a pixel patch that is active and transmits light to form a virtual image for the user's eyes, it also shows that light from the real world passes between the pixel patches and also between the microlenses of the microlens array The transparent space thus forms a real image as seen by the user's eyes. Figure 6d illustrates the duty cycle of the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display system being turned off. When the working cycle of the transparent near-eye display is turned off, the plurality of pixel patches are turned off, but they remain aligned with the plurality of distantly separated microlenses of the sparsely filled microlens array. (See also Figure 3a, Figure 3b.) The box around the base of each pixel patch indicates that when the pixel system is active, blocking or reducing light from the real world travels through the pixel patch and further blocks or reduces the pixel patch The light is projected away from the user's eyes to an opaque backing. Figure 6d shows a pixel patch that is inactive and therefore does not transmit light to form a virtual image for the user's eyes, however, it further shows that light from the real world passes between non-active pixel patches and also in the microlens array The transparent space between the microlenses thus forms a real image as seen by the user's eyes. Figure 6d shows only the opaque backing (component or element) behind the pixel patch. The opaque backing (component or element) blocks or reduces light that passes through the pixel patches or pixels and through the microlenses of the microlens array. In addition, the opaque backing (component or element) blocks or reduces light from projecting away from the user's eyes. It should be noted that the opaque backing can be of any shape. The opaque backing (component or element) may be in the shape of a circle, an oval, a square, a rectangle or a triangle.

As shown in Fig. 2a, Fig. 2b and Fig. 2c, when seeing the transparent near-eye optical module, the light forming the real image is seen 100% of the time. However, in certain embodiments, the virtual image can be modulated to a real image that appears all the time in a time series that allows the modulation to appear seamless to the user. This can be done by turning the transparent near-eye display on and off.

The following items represent various "exemplary types" of modulation of near-eye display optical modules:
a. Use a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display (by way of example only, such as a TOLED) and a fully filled and aligned MLA, so that electronically switchable optics are used to turn on and off the MLA and the near-eye display electronically Modulated by its on / off duty cycle. When the MLA is electronically turned off, the wearer's eyes see the real image with increased fidelity.
b. Using a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display (by way of example only, such as a TOLED) and a sparsely filled and aligned MLA, so that electronically switchable optics are used to turn the MLA on and off electronically and the near-eye display Modulated by its on / off duty cycle. When the MLA is electronically turned off, the wearer's eyes see the real image with increased fidelity.
c. Using a fully filled transparent near-eye display (by way of example only, such as a TOLED) and a sparsely filled and aligned MLA, so that electronically switchable optics are used to turn the MLA on and off electronically and the near-eye display Modulated by its on / off duty cycle. When the MLA is turned off electronically and the near-eye display is turned off at the same time, the wearer's eyes see the real image with increased fidelity. When the MLA is turned on electronically and the near-eye display is turned on at the same time, the wearer's eyes see a virtual image.
d. using a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display (by way of example only, such as a TOLED) and a sparsely filled and aligned MLA, so that electronically switchable optics are used to turn the MLA on and off and the near-eye display Modulated by its on / off duty cycle. When the MLA is turned off electronically and the near-eye display is turned off at the same time, the wearer's eyes see the real image with increased fidelity. When the MLA is turned on electronically and the near-eye display is turned on at the same time, the wearer's eyes see a virtual image.
e. Utilizing a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display (by way of example only, such as a TOLED) and a fully filled and aligned MLA, so that electronically switchable optics are used to turn on and off the MLA and the near-eye display electronically Modulated by its on / off duty cycle. When the MLA is turned off electronically and the near-eye display is turned off at the same time, the wearer's eyes see the real image with increased fidelity. When the MLA is turned on electronically and the near-eye display is turned on at the same time, the wearer's eyes see a virtual image.
f. Use a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display (by way of example only, such as an OLED or micro LED display) and a sparsely filled and aligned MLA.
g. Use a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display (by way of example only, such as a TOLED display) and a sparsely filled and aligned MLA.

The minimum time that a retinal image will temporarily store a neural response is 13 milliseconds. This means that the renewal of transparent near-eye displays can be at a maximum rate of 77 Hz. This retinal image should not last more than 40 milliseconds for it to blend smoothly into the next picture. Therefore, if the virtual image is modulated, the time modulation or duration of the virtual image ranges from 13 ms to 40 ms, or from 25 Hz to 77 Hz. If the real image is modulated, the same range applies to the real image. In the aspect, the duty cycle controls the brightness of real and virtual images and must total 100%. If both the real image and the virtual image are being adjusted, a suitable range may be one of 5% to 25% for the virtual image and 5% to 75% for the real image, which depends on the environmental exposure level, and therefore, for the virtual image system 25% to 95%. However, in the embodiment where the virtual image is modulated and the real image is constantly seen, the virtual image should have one duty cycle of 50% or less of the time; in other embodiments 40% or less of the time. In yet other embodiments, 30% or less of the time. In a particular embodiment, 20% or less of the time. And in other embodiments, 10% or less of the time. By way of example only, this embodiment can be used when viewing AR / MR to enhance real images.

This modulation can also occur in the same way by turning on and off pixels, pixel patches or pixel patch blocks or, for this purpose, any one or more of the near-eye displays. This modulation can make the wearer's eyes see the virtual image 50% or more, 40% or more, 30% or more, 20% or more or 10% or more or 5% or more of the time. Assuming the fact that both the near-eye display and the microlens array are sparsely filled in most but not all embodiments, 100% of the time the real-world light that forms the real image is seen. By way of example only, an embodiment in which a real image is not seen 100% of the time is when a liquid crystal shutter is used to block light rays from the real world from passing through or a fully-filled electron-switchable microlens array is used. When the light from the real world is not seen 100% of the time, the light modulation of the light forming the near-eye display in a manner to form a real image allows the user's eye perception to be a constant virtual image combined with a real image, so the perception is amplified Reality or mixed reality.

In a particular embodiment, the microlens array is modulated and the electronic near-eye display is not modulated (other than the normal renewal rate of the electronic display). In other embodiments, the electronic near-eye display is modulated and the microlens array is not modulated. In yet other embodiments, both the microlens array and the electronic near-eye display are modulated. And in still other embodiments, neither the micro lens array nor the electronic near-eye display is modulated. When this happens (not modulating virtual or real images), augmented reality / mixed reality is achieved by combining virtual and real images with the eyes and brain. When stating modulated electronic near-eye displays, the meaning of modulation as used herein is different from the standard renewal rate of electronic near-eye displays. Although the meaning is different, the modulation rate and the standard renewal rate may be the same.

In yet another embodiment, the modulation of the virtual image is performed by turning on a plurality of patches or pixel patch blocks aligned with the plurality of microlenses of the MLA (in color or monochrome (for example, see FIG. 6c)) And then turn off these tiles or pixel tile blocks (see Figure 6d). In this embodiment, when a virtual image is displayed to the eyes of a user, a real image also exists. When the virtual image is not displayed to the eyes of a user, only the real image is displayed.

The transparent near-eye optical module can be a photon optical module. The transparent near-eye optical module can be attached to a spectacle frame by means of a track. The transparent near-eye optical module may be attached to one or more of a front face, a bridge, and / or a temple of the eyeglass frame (see, for example, FIGS. 9, 10, and 11). A temple, a bridge, or a ridge on the front of the frame can tie a track. The transparent near-eye optical module may be embedded in or attached to a front surface of a spectacle lens (see, for example, FIGS. 3H to 3I). The transparent near-eye display optical module can be attached to the rim of the spectacle frame and inserted into the spectacle lens (for example, see FIGS. 5a, 5b, and 5c). The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may consist of a TOLED. The transparent near-eye display may consist of a see-through miniature iLED display. The transparent near-eye display may be composed of a see-through type micro LED display. The see-through type near-eye display may be composed of any light source, wherein a real image can be seen when the near-eye display is seen through. The see-through near-eye display can be sparsely filled. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may include a plurality of pixel patches spaced apart. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may include a plurality of pixel patch blocks. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may include a plurality of pixel patches spaced apart, and the distance between the pixel patches is in a range of 150 micrometers to 750 micrometers. The pixels in the pixel patch may have a size in a range of 1.5 micrometers to 10 micrometers. The pixel size can be more preferably in the range of 1.5 micrometers to 5 micrometers. A pixel can be aligned with a micro lens. A pixel patch can be aligned with a microlens. The plurality of pixels may be aligned with a micro lens.

A microlens can have a size in the range of 25 microns to 750 microns. The plurality of microlenses may be part of a microlens array. The microlens array can be a sparsely filled microlens array. A micro lens can be the same size as a pixel patch. A micro lens can be larger than a pixel patch. By way of example only, a 150 micron by 150 micron pixel patch can optically communicate with and align with a microlens (small lens) with a diameter of 450 micron. Therefore, by way of example only, a micro lens can be 1.5 to 5 times the size of a pixel patch. By having a microlens larger than the pixel patch aligned with it, the diffraction is reduced. Regarding the embodiment of the transparent near-eye optical module including a static microlens array, it is preferable that the microlens of the microlens array is larger than the pixel patch aligned with the microlens. (See, for example, Figures 12, 13, and 14.) However, in order to allow real-world light rays to pass between the sparsely packed microlens arrays, the size of the microlenses should be sized to be larger than the aligned pixel patches. Film, but not too much to interface with real-world light rays. Regarding an embodiment of a transparent near-eye display optical module including a dynamically switchable (on / off) microlens, the overall size of the microlens may be larger.

In FIG. 33, the fovea has an angular dimension of 5 degrees (+/- 2.5 degrees) and is used for fixing. It has the highest resolution and is needed for visual tasks that require the finest resolution. Visual perception extends over a much larger area (macular with an angular dimension of 20 degrees (+/- 10 degrees)), even if the image resolution decreases sharply as the distance from the fovea increases.

The structure and size of the fovea and macular are shown in FIG. 33 and FIG. 34. The fovea is responsible for sharp central vision (also known as foveal vision), which is essential for human activities in which visual details are important, such as reading and driving. The fovea is surrounded by a near foveal zone and an outer foveal area. Near central fossa system, where the ganglion cell layer is composed of more than five unit rows and the highest density cone; the outermost region of the paracentral fossa system, where the ganglion cell layer contains two to four unit columns and the visual The sensitivity is below the optimal value. The paraconcave contains a cone density that is even lower than 50 cones per 100 micrometers in most foci (with 12 cones per 100 micrometers). This is again surrounded by a larger peripheral region that follows the compression mode in foveal imaging and delivers highly compressed information at low resolution.

Therefore, if the virtual image is allowed to completely occupy the central and peripheral vision, the maximum size of the virtual image that the eye can see is about +/- 10 degrees. For most applications, an angular width of +/- 5 degrees is sufficient for virtual images, where the real image occupies the remainder of the macula. A virtual image with a width greater than +/- 5 degrees will cause eye movements because the eye will try to look at each part of the virtual image.

In Fig. 34, it is shown that the density of the viewing cone varies with the angular interval from the dimple.
Table 1 above shows the pixel sizes that the display needs at various distances from the eye in order to achieve a specified level of retinal image quality. For a near-eye display at a distance of 25 mm from the eye, a minimum pixel size of 60 to 90 microns is required to achieve an image quality in the range of 20/40 to 20/60.

By way of example only, as shown above, if all the optical states of the transparent near-eye optical module are perfect and the diffraction is not achieved to achieve 20/20 vision only by the example method, they will each need to have a plurality of pixels A plurality of squares of the patch, each pixel patch has a plurality of 3 micron pixels (a total of 3,300 pixels). By way of example only, as shown above, if all the optical states of the transparent near-eye optical module are perfect and only the example method does not cause diffraction to achieve 20/40 vision, it will need to have multiple pixels each. A plurality of tiles of the patch, each pixel patch has a plurality of 6 micron pixels (a total of 1,650 pixels).

The microlens array can be in optical communication with a plurality of pixels. A microlens of the microlens array can optically communicate with a specific pixel patch. The microlens array can optically communicate with a specific pixel block. The microlenses of the microlens array may be located within a range of 75 micrometers to 1 mm from each other. A pixel patch or block can be a number of pixels in the range of 2,500 to 10,000 pixels. The pixels in the pixel patches or blocks may be located within a range of 1 micrometer to 5 micrometers. The spacing between pixel patches or pixel blocks is determined as needed to minimize stray light from adjacent pixel patches or blocks. A pixel patch or block may be a size within a range of 150 μm × 150 μm to 750 μm × 750 μm. Pixels or pixel patches can range from 150 microns x 150 microns to 750 microns x 750 microns.

As seen in Figures 6a and 6b, by increasing the number of pixels in a patch or moving the several pixel patches or blocks closer together (thus reducing the interval between pixel patches), it may increase The brightness level on the retina of a wearer's eye also increases the orbit.

An eye tracker can be utilized in association with a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display involving a large orbit. When the eye moves across a near-eye display, one or more of a particular active pixel, pixel patch, or pixel block or icon is turned on and certain others can be turned off. Do this to prevent two or more overlapping images from forming on the retina at one time. Sparsely filled transparent near-eye displays can provide virtual images with magnifications in the range of 1 to 10.

The transparent near-eye optical module can increase its vertical and horizontal size without increasing the thickness. The area of the transparent optical module can be as small as the pupil of the wearer's eyes (only by way of example, 5mm × 5mm) or as large as the front surface of a head-mounted goggle. Depending on the size, the weight of the transparent near-eye display optical module can be as small as 2 grams or less. The transparent near-eye display optical module can be embedded in the front surface of a spectacle lens and has a size smaller than the surface area before the spectacle lens. The transparent near-eye display optical module can be embedded in the front surface of a head-mounted goggle and has a smaller surface area than that of the front surface of the head-mounted goggle.

In a particular embodiment, the transparent near-eye display optical module may provide more than 15 nits in the pupils of the eyes of the user and 1 to 8 nits in other cases. In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye display optical module may provide 1 to 15 nits in the pupil of the user's eyes and 1 to 8 nits in other cases. Assuming that the transparent near-eye module is located at a distance of 30 mm or less from the user's eyes in most cases, the light efficiency of the light emitted by the transparent near-eye module to the pupil of the user's eyes can be greater than 80%. In a specific embodiment, the light efficiency of the light emitted by the transparent near-eye module reaching the pupil of the user's eyes may be greater than 90%.

The transparent near-eye module can be bent to the base arc before the spectacle lens in optical communication with it. The transparent near-eye display optical module can be bent in the horizontal direction to the horizontal curve of the spectacle lens in optical communication therewith. The transparent near-eye display may include a pixel patch block that spans a segment of the spectacle lens or has facets or tilts in front of a spectacle lens to allow the wearer's sight to follow the wearer when viewing a segment of a pixel patch. The eye's line of sight moves horizontally across a section of the transparent near-eye display to within zero to 10 degrees of the vertical line. (See, for example, FIGS. 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, and 15g.) The transparent near-eye optical module may include an air gap cavity. As shown in FIGS. 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f, and 15g, the air gap is between the transparent near-eye display and the microlens array. Air gaps or material layer spacers can be in the range of 25 microns and 2.0 mm. Air gaps or material layer spacers can be in the range of 50 microns and 150 microns. The microlens array may have a thickness in a range between 0.3 mm and 2.0 mm. The transparent near-eye display may have a thickness in a range between 0.3 mm and 2.0 mm. The transparent near-eye module may have a thickness within a range of 1.0 mm and 4.0 mm.

The transparent near-eye display may be a faceted display. The transparent near-eye display may have a plurality of pixel blocks that are tilted (see FIGS. 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d). The transparent near-eye display may have a plurality of pixel patches or squares with facets attached (see FIGS. 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d). Transparent near-eye displays can have sparsely filled pixels and pixel blocks that are tilted and have small faces. The transparent near-eye display may include a plurality of integrators that integrate colors from a plurality of color pixels. A single integrator can optically communicate with a plurality of color pixels. Multiple integrators may be located between the MLA and the plurality of pixels (see FIGS. 16b and 16c).

FIG. 1a shows a top view of an embodiment of a transparent near-eye optical module. As shown in Figure 15a, Figure 15b, Figure 15c, Figure 15d, Figure 15e, Figure 15f, Figure 15g, Figure 16a, Figure 16b, Figure 16c, and Figure 16d, the component is configured such that the frontmost component (from the wearer's eye) Farthest) is shown at the top of the figure, where additional component layers are arranged towards the bottom of the figure so that the bottom layer is closest to the wearer's eyes. As shown, the top section represents a transparent near-eye optical module in which a near-faceted sparse filling near-eye display is positioned in front of the microlens array, so the transparent near-eye optical module is positioned in front of the ophthalmic lens with a gap (air Gap or material spacer). The transparent near-eye optical module itself may have an air gap or material layer spacer disposed between the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display and the sparsely filled microlens array, as shown, for example, in Figure 1b.

Figures 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d illustrate an inclined and faceted pixel patch array in a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display assembly, where the transparent space allows light transmission from outside the module between individual patches. In a specific embodiment, the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display system includes an inclined one of the pixel patches and an array of facet squares, wherein the transparent space allows light to be transmitted from the outside of the module between individual patches. Individual sparsely filled microlens array assemblies are shown with individual microlenses or lenslets aligned with individual pixel patches of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display placed in front of the sparsely filled microlens array and in optical communication. This alignment with the line of sight of the wearer is illustrated by dashed lines in Figs. 16a, 16b, 16c and 16d. FIG. 16b shows an embodiment in which a color integrator is disposed between each of the individual lenslets and each of the pixel patches in the near-eye display. Figures 7a, 16d, 17a and 17b show an embodiment in which an opaque micro-aperture is disposed between each of individual microlenses or lenslets and each of the pixel patches spaced apart. In addition, those skilled in the art will understand that other variations of the above embodiments belong to the scope of the present invention, such as incorporating a micro-aperture and a color integrator, one or more additional air gaps, and so on. The solid lines in Figures 16a, 16b, 16c, and 16d illustrate that when the wearer's eyes see through the near-eye display and rotate horizontally, the sight of one of the wearers' eyes is shifted between the pixels as the wearer's eyes move. Within zero to 10 degrees of the horizontal line.

The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display can provide monochromatic light. The near-eye display can provide multiple colors. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display can provide a quarter video graphics array (QVGA). This sparsely filled transparent near-eye display can provide better results than QVGA. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display can provide a full video graphics array (VGA). The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have a one-pixel fill factor ranging between 0.50% and 50%. Preferably, the pixel fill factor is between 1% and 10%.

Figures 5a, 16a, 16b, 16c and 16d show that the transparent near-eye display optical module and its components can be bent to the base arc before the spectacle lens in optical communication therewith. The transparent near-eye display optical module and its components can be flat and tiled. The transparent near-eye display optical module and its components can be bent in the horizontal direction to the horizontal curve of the spectacle lens which is in optical communication with it. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may consist of faceted or tilted pixels so as to allow the wearer's eyes to move horizontally across a section of the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display while seeing through a pixel section. Within zero to 10 degrees of the vertical line, more preferably within zero to 5 degrees. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may include a plurality of pixel patches or pixel patch blocks spaced apart, wherein one eye of the wearer can see 16 to 36 pixel patches at a time. An optional eye tracker can be utilized in association with the near-eye display so that certain active pixels or pixel patches are turned off when the eye moves across the near-eye display. The transparent near-eye display optical module may include an air gap cavity between the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display and the spaced apart but aligned sparsely filled microlens array. The transparent near-eye display optical module may include a material spacer (a space filled with a medium having a refractive index different from that of the material including the sparsely filled microlens array). The transparent near-eye display optical module may include a material spacer between the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display and the spaced apart but aligned sparsely filled microlens array. The transparent near-eye display optical module may be one of the following; located in front of, attached to, or embedded in the front surface of one of the spectacle lenses worn by a user.

The air gap thickness (between the transparent near-eye display and the microlens array) can be in the range of 25 microns and 2.0 mm. Gap (air gap or material layer spacer) thickness can be in the range of 25 microns and 150 microns. The microlens array thickness can be in the range of 0.2 mm and 2.0 mm. The microlens array thickness can be in the range of 0.5 mm and 1.0 mm. The microlens array may have an anti-reflection coating on one or both sides. The near-eye display can be between 0.3 mm and 2.0 mm thick. The near-eye display thickness can be in the range of 0.35 mm and 1.0 mm. The thickness of the entire module (including the air gap between the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display and the sparsely filled microlens array) can be in the range of 1.0 mm and 3.0 mm.

The thickness of the entire module (including the air gap between the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display and the sparsely filled microlens array) can range between 1.0 mm and 3.0 mm, and preferably between 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may be a faceted display. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have a plurality of pixel patches that are tilted and have a small facet. The transparent near-eye optical module near-eye display may have a plurality of pixel patch blocks that are tilted and have small faces.

Although the above embodiment teaches a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display, the same method can be used with a fully filled transparent near-eye display with a tilted and faceted pixel patch or pixel patch block.

The transparent near-eye optical module can be releasably attached to the frame. The transparent near-eye optical module can be embedded in the front surface of the spectacle lens. A low-index adhesive can be used to bond the transparent near-eye optical module to the ophthalmic lens. This low-index adhesive can be used to reduce the diffraction efficiency of microlens arrays. In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye optical module may be bonded to the spectacle lens by using an adhesive or a resin having a refractive index between the refractive index of the transparent near-eye optical module and the refractive index of the spectacle lens. In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye optical module may be bonded to the spectacle lens by using an adhesive or a resin having a refractive index of 50% between the refractive index of the transparent near-eye optical module and the refractive index of the spectacle lens. .

The transparent near-eye optical module may be attached to the frame and spatially separated from the ophthalmic lens (for example, see FIGS. 1 and 2). The transparent near-eye optical module can be embedded or attached to the front surface of a lens or spectacle lens. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display of the transparent near-eye optical module may consist of a plurality of sparsely filled pixel patches, where the plurality of pixel patches are controlled by an eye tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes along and along Turn off a specific pixel patch when viewing a section of a sparsely filled transparent eye display. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may consist of a plurality of sparsely filled pixel patches, where the plurality of pixel patches are controlled by an eye tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes along the sparsely filled transparent eye display Turn on a specific pixel patch when looking at a segment.

The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display of the transparent near-eye optical module may consist of a plurality of sparsely filled pixels, where the plurality of pixels are controlled by an eye tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes and fill the sparsely filled transparent eyes A section of the display turns off certain pixels when viewed. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may consist of a plurality of sparsely filled pixels, wherein the plurality of pixels are controlled by an eye tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes and look along a section of the sparsely filled transparent eye display To turn on a specific pixel.

Fully-filled transparent near-eye optical module The transparent near-eye display can be composed of a plurality of fully-filled pixel patches, where the plurality of pixel patches are controlled by an eye-tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes along the Fully fill a section of the transparent eye display to turn off specific pixel patches when viewing. The eye tracking component can be an eye tracking device. The eye tracking component may be a plurality of sensors integrated into a transparent near-eye optical module. The eye tracking component may be a plurality of sensors integrated into a transparent near-eye display. The fully-filled transparent near-eye display may be composed of a plurality of fully-filled pixel patches, wherein the plurality of pixel patches are controlled by an eye tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes and move along the fully-filled transparent eye display When a segment is viewed, a specific pixel patch is turned on.

Fully-filled transparent near-eye optical moduleThe transparent near-eye display can be composed of a plurality of fully-filled pixels, where the plurality of pixels are controlled by an eye tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes along the fully-filled transparent eyes A section of the display turns off certain pixels when viewed. A fully-filled transparent near-eye display may consist of a plurality of sparsely filled pixels, wherein the plurality of pixels are controlled by an eye tracking component, so that when the wearer's eyes move his or her eyes and look along a section of the fully-filled transparent eye display To turn on a specific pixel.

The lower edge of the transparent near-eye optical module may be located above the upper edge of the pupil of a user's eye (see Figure 18a), or one edge of the transparent near-eye optical module may be temporarily positioned to the pupil of a user's eye, or One edge of the transparent near-eye optical module can be positioned at the nose of a user's eye, or one edge of the transparent near-eye optical module can be positioned at the lower portion of the eye of a user's eye, or a transparent near-eye optical module It may be partially or completely in front of the pupils of the eyes of a user. In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye optical module is adjustable relative to the pupil system of the wearer's eyes when attached to a spectacle frame (see FIG. 18b and FIG. 18c). The transparent near-eye optical module can be adjusted relative to the pupil system of the wearer's eyes along the X and Y axes. The transparent near-eye display optical module can be adjusted relative to the pupil of the wearer's eyes along the X, Y, and Z axes. The transparent near-eye display optical module can be dual-purpose. The transparent near-eye display optical module may be a single purpose. One transparent near-eye display optical module can be releasably attached to a plurality of different eyeglass frames.

Figures 9, 10, 11a and 11b show a transparent near-eye optical module and an attachment member from one to a spectacle frame according to an embodiment. A side view of one of the modules is shown in FIGS. 9 and 10. The module includes an attachable / detachable AR / MR transparent near-eye display optical module disposed on the top of the side of the frame. Figures 9 and 10 show only one example of an attachable / detachable AR / MR unit including a transparent near-eye optical module attached to a spectacle frame that extends beyond the top of the rim of the frame so that the sparsely filled transparent near eye The display and the sparsely filled microlens array may extend vertically downward from the AR / MR unit and parallel to a top portion of one of the ophthalmic lenses. In other embodiments not shown, the transparent near-eye display optical module can completely cover the ophthalmic lens. The transparent near-eye optical module may be held together by means of a fastener such as a screw, bolt or pin and attached to the ophthalmic lens. The transparent near-eye optical module can be attached to the front surface of a spectacle lens. The transparent near-eye display optical module can be magnetically attached to a spectacle lens. The transparent near-eye optical module may extend downward relative to the wearer. The transparent near-eye optical module can extend from the temples of the glasses toward the wearer's eyes. The transparent near-eye optical module may extend upward from the glasses frame toward the wearer's eyes. The transparent near-eye optical module may extend down the front surface of the spectacle lens relative to the wearer or in front of the front surface of the spectacle lens. The transparent near-eye optical module may extend along the front surface of the spectacle lens or in front of the spectacle lens from the spectacle temple toward the wearer's eyes. The transparent near-eye optical module may extend from the spectacle frame toward the wearer's eye along or in front of the spectacle lens front surface. As shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, the module may have a spacer between the ophthalmic lens and the microlens array and in communication with the ophthalmic lens and the microlens array to facilitate attachment to the lens. The spacer can be connected to the transparent near-eye optical module or a part of the transparent near-eye optical module. In a particular embodiment, the spacer may be absent and the transparent near-eye optical module may rest on a front surface of a spectacle lens. In both FIG. 9 and FIG. 10, there may be a space or an air gap between the spectacle lens and the transparent near-eye optical module. The ophthalmic lens may be a lens that does not have or has prescription power. The transparent near-eye display may include an electrical connection as shown.

11a and 11b show a front view of one embodiment of a transparent near-eye optical module, which shows an AR device that can be releasably attached. Figures 11a and 11b show a spectacle frame with an AR / MR unit mounted on it. In FIGS. 5b, 5c and 5d, the AR / MR unit may include a microcontroller, a rechargeable battery, a memory, and a radio frequency identification (RFID). Each figure also includes a graphics processing unit (GPU) configured to drive a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display. By way of example only, the sparsely filled transparent near-eye display is a transparent organic light-emitting display (TOLED), An OLED or one of iLEDs (micro-LEDs) on a transparent substrate. The attachable / detachable embodiment is located in front of the ophthalmic lens (front side farthest from the wearer's eyes). The AR / MR unit may optionally include one camera as shown or several cameras as not shown. A transparent near-eye display disposed in front of the ophthalmic lens may include an eye tracking component for each lens of the eyeglasses as shown.

By way of example only, one microlens of a microlens array may be a sphere lens, a lenticular lens, a lenticular lens, a compound lens, two or more component optics, an aspheric lens, a Fresnel lens, Radiation optics, refractive optics, achromatic optics, chirped optics, Gabber perfect lenses, GRIN lenses, patterned electrodes or liquid lenses. In an embodiment in which each microlens of a microlens array is in optical communication with each pixel of a transparent near-eye display, the fill factor ratio of the microlenses in the microlens array is approximately the same as the fill factor of the corresponding pixel in the transparent near-eye display . In one embodiment in which the microlens array is in optical communication with a pixel patch, the fill factor ratio of the microlenses in the microlens array is greater than the fill factor of the corresponding pixel in the transparent near-eye display. In an embodiment in which one microlens array is in optical communication with a plurality of pixel patches, the fill factor ratio of the microlenses in the microlens array is greater than the fill factor of the corresponding pixel in the transparent near-eye display. The microlens array can be a sparsely filled microlens array.

In a particular embodiment in which a pixel is one size larger than the size of a microlens, an aperture may be placed over the pixel to shut off light from the pixel so that the light can be optically transmitted through the microlens in an appropriate manner. The microlens array can be a sparsely filled microlens array. In a specific embodiment in which a pixel is one size larger than the size of a microlens, an aperture array may be placed over the pixel to shutter off the light from the pixel, so that it can be optically transmitted through the aligned microlens in an appropriate manner. Pass the light. The microlens array can be a sparsely filled microlens array. In a specific embodiment in which a pixel patch is one size larger than the size of a microlens, an aperture array may be placed over the pixel patch to shut off the light from the pixel patch with a shutter so that it can be transmitted through the lens. The microlenses optically transmit this light.

The microlens array can be a fully filled microlens array. In a specific embodiment in which a pixel is one size larger than the size of a microlens, an aperture array may be placed over the pixel to shutter off the light from the pixel, so that it can be optically transmitted through the aligned microlens in an appropriate manner. Pass the light. (See, for example, Figure 8). The microlens array can be a fully filled microlens array. In a specific embodiment in which a pixel patch is one size larger than the size of a microlens, an aperture array may be placed over the pixel patch to shut off the light from the pixel patch with a shutter so that it can be transmitted through the lens. The microlenses optically transmit this light.

FIG. 17b shows a top view of a structure of an open aperture light shield according to an embodiment, and FIG. 17a shows a side view of the embodiment. Illustrating a pixel-by-pixel structure that will be replicated pixel-by-pixel, patch-by-tile, or block-by-block across a near-eye display. In a particular embodiment, the open-pore hood covers a pixel patch (as opposed to covering only one pixel). As shown in Figure 17a, a microlens and light-shielding material surround the pixels in the center of the illustration. A hole in the light-shielding material forms a vertical cylinder starting at or near the transparent near-eye display. The inner wall of the cone may be absorbent or opaque as is the case. In addition, in a specific embodiment, an aperture shading hole can provide light from a pixel patch to a micro lens. One pixel of the near-eye display is aligned with the lens of the microlens array, wherein the hole is disposed in the aperture light-shielding material, thereby forming a vertical cone starting at or near the near-eye display between the pixel and the lens. For clarity, the hood can start at the transparent near-eye display and extend halfway without touching the MLA, or it can extend the full distance and touch the microlens array. The aperture shading material forms an aperture shading array when formed around a plurality of pixels or pixel patches. However, when the aperture shading material is formed as an aperture shading array, the sections of the aperture shading array between the pixel patches are transparent.

In Figures 1a and 1b, and in the transparent near-eye display optical module shown in Figures 15a, 15b, 15c, 15d, 15e, 15f and 15g, the device may be on its outer surface The seal consists of several layers or components. The seal may be hermetically sealed. The backing or substrate to which the luminous body (or pixel) is deposited may be a transparent material. The light blocking layer reduces or blocks light emitted from the illuminated pixels away from the eyes of a wearer / user. By way of example only, this light block may be covered by an opaque material, opaque element, deposited opaque material, shutter (such as a liquid crystal shutter), a layer of added material, or an opaque illuminant at a distance from the wearer / user The farthest side is implemented.

The light-blocking layer (opaque part or element) is located behind the light-emitting body on the farthest side of the light-emitting body from the user's eyes. The light blocking layer may be the size of a pixel or pixel patch aligned to the corresponding microlens. The light-blocking layer may be aligned to the size of the perimeter of the corresponding microlens along the x / y plane. The light-blocking layer may be aligned along the x / y plane outside the perimeter shape of the corresponding microlens (see FIGS. 2a, 2c, 3a, and 3b). The light blocking layer may be 5% to 20% larger than the size of the aligned corresponding microlenses. The light blocking layer may be 5% to 20% larger on the outer periphery than the size of the aligned corresponding microlens along the x / y plane. Although the shape of the light blocking layer may be circular, it may be any shape, and by way of example only, rectangular, square, oval, or triangular. A material gap or air gap may be placed between the transparent near-eye display and the aligned microlens array. (See, for example, Figure 15a, Figure 15b, Figure 15c, Figure 15d, Figure 15e, Figure 15f, and Figure 15g.) These figures illustrate other light block configurations, near-eye display hoods, material gaps, and transparent near-eye displays and Different embodiments of air gaps or cavities between microlens arrays include the use of multiple components placed between the near-eye display and the microlens array and / or behind the microlens array (closest to the eye).

In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of light blocks separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of light emitters separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of light shields separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of color integrators separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of microlenses separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of small lenses separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of air gaps separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of material spacers separated from each other by a transparent region. In a specific embodiment, a sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes an air gap between a plurality of pixels or pixel patches and each of the aligned corresponding microlenses. Those skilled in the art can expect that other configurations not illustrated in this document also fall within the scope of the present invention.

In a specific embodiment where one pixel is one size larger than the size of a microlens, an aperture array can be placed over the pixel to shutter off the light from the pixel, so that the light can be optically transmitted through the microlens in an appropriate manner . An array of pores may consist of a plurality of pores. The apertures may be aligned micro-apertures over a plurality of pixels. For example, an aperture may be aligned per pixel for reducing the aperture of pixel light to the diameter of the aperture and directing light to a microlens of a microlens array, or a microaperture may be above a pixel patch Aligned to stop the light from the pixel patch and direct the light to a microlens in a microlens array. As indicated in FIGS. 17a and 17b, in a specific embodiment, a micro-pore array may have micro-pores with height. The micro-hole array can be mounted on a pixel or a pixel patch. The micro-aperture array can be assembled near or adjacent to a pixel or pixel patch. The microporous array can be assembled near or adjacent to the microlens array. A micro-aperture can be aligned with a pixel and a micro lens. A micro-aperture can be aligned with a pixel patch and a micro lens. In other embodiments, a micropore array may have micropores, which does not have a height, but only a thin layer of material, and by way of example only, a film or a coating.

In addition to pores, the micropore array can also be opaque. The micro-aperture may have an optical structure that prevents light from passing through one of the walls of the open pore or pore. The optical structure may be on the pore or on the outside of the pore. The optical structure may be on the inside of the aperture or pore. The optical structure may be on a pore or a hole. The micropores may have a coating that prevents light from passing through one of the walls of the open or pores. The coating may be on the pores or on the outside of the pores. The coating may be on the inside of the pores or pores. The micro-aperture may have a protective layer that prevents light from passing through the wall of the open pore or pore. The protective layer may be on the pore or on the outside of the pore. The protective layer may be on the inside of the pore or pore.

In a specific embodiment, a fully pixelated TOLED near-eye display may be utilized. However, by turning off a specific TOLED pixel at any given time, the pixelated TOLED near-eye display can be made to mimic a sparsely filled pixelated near-eye display. The same pixel filling factor of "active" pixels at any one time can be achieved by turning off various pixels or pixel patches when the transparent near-eye display is in use as a sparse filling pixel filling factor of the near-eye display. Therefore, each of the sparsely filled pixelated near-eye displays embodiments and examples disclosed herein can be fully filled with a pixelated TOLED or a transparent OLED at any one time by turning off a specific number of its pixels or pixel patches. Or iLED near-eye display to imitate. A transparent OLED or iLED (micro-LED) display includes a transparent substrate on a backing to which the OLED or iLED is deposited.

In a specific embodiment of a fully pixelated transparent near-eye display, different pixels or pixel patches are turned off and remain turned off specific to a plurality of different locations within the near-eye display. The active pixel used is always the active pixel being used. The corresponding aligned microlens array is customized and static to align with the active pixels. In another embodiment, as opposed to the active pixel or pixel patch being turned off and remaining turned off, the active pixel or pixel patch is periodically turned on and off. In this embodiment, the corresponding and aligned micro lenses are switchable on and off. Each aligned microlens may be on and off to coordinate with a corresponding and aligned pixel or pixel patch. Therefore, if the pixel or pixel patch is turned on, the switchable microlens is turned on, and when the pixel or pixel patch is turned off, the switchable microlens is turned off.

By way of example only, an embodiment may be a transparent near-eye optical module, wherein the transparent near-eye optical module includes a transparent TOLED, OLED, or iLED near-eye display and one or more optically aligned microlens arrays. One, where the "illuminated / active pixel density" of the transparent near-eye display represents 50% or less of the area of the transparent near-eye display, and the light rays from the real world that form a real image pass through the transparent near-eye display and form a virtual image The light rays are generated by means of illuminated active pixels of a transparent near-eye display. An embodiment may be a transparent near-eye optical module, wherein the transparent near-eye optical module includes one of a transparent TOLED, OLED, or iLED near-eye display and one or more optically aligned microlens arrays, among which the near-eye display The "illuminated pixel density" represents 25% or less of the area of the transparent near-eye display, and the light rays from the real world that form a real image pass through the transparent near-eye display and the light rays that form a virtual image are made by the transparent near-eye display It is produced by illuminating pixels. An embodiment may be one of a transparent near-eye display optical module, wherein the module includes a transparent TOLED, OLED, or iLED near-eye display and one or more optically aligned microlens arrays. "Illuminated pixel density" means 20% or less of the area of the transparent near-eye display, and the light rays from the real world that form a real image pass through the transparent near-eye display and the light rays that form a virtual image are aided by the transparent near-eye display. Light up the pixels to produce.

An embodiment may be one of a transparent near-eye module, wherein the transparent near-eye optical module includes a transparent TOLED, OLED, or iLED near-eye display and one or more optically aligned microlens arrays. "Illuminated / active pixel density" means that 15% or less of the area of a transparent near-eye display and a real image of light rays from the real world pass through a see-through transparent near-eye display and form a virtual image of light rays by means of transparent near-eye The illuminated pixels of the display are generated. An embodiment may be one of a transparent near-eye optical module, wherein the transparent near-eye optical module includes a transparent TOLED, OLED, or iLED near-eye display and one or more optically aligned microlens arrays, among which the transparent near-eye display "Illuminated / Active Pixel Density" means 5% or less of the area of a transparent near-eye display, and light rays from the real world that form a real image pass through the see-through transparent near-eye display and form a virtual image. Generated by illuminated pixels of a transparent near-eye display. In each of these previous examples, a near-eye display can be made such that light emitted away from the wearer's eyes is reduced. In each of these previous examples, a transparent near-eye display can be made such that light that is emitted away from the wearer's eyes is blocked. A transparent near-eye display as disclosed herein may have an opaque section behind a pixel or pixel patch on the side of the pixel or pixels that is furthest from the wearer's eye and have a transparent Segments between equal pixels and / or pixel tiles. A transparent near-eye display as disclosed herein may have an opaque section of a transparent near-eye display behind a pixel or pixel patches on the farthest side of that pixel or pixel patches from the wearer's eye and wherein The segments between the pixels and / or pixel patches are translucent or transparent.

FIG. 8 shows an active pixel patch (a pixel patch that can be illuminated) covered by a light block seen from the front of a transparent near-eye display as someone who is looking at the wearer / user of the transparent near-eye display Eyes watching. This mode shows the light rays from the real world (forming a real image as seen by a user's eyes) through the transparent section to the wearer's / user's eyes, while a virtual image passes through the microlens from a self-transparent near-eye display Light is emitted from the array towards the eyes of the wearer / user. As seen in this illustration, light is blocked from emitting forward away from the eyes of the wearer / user. Each component of the array (shown as an individual square, but can be circular or any shape) is displayed in the center to cover a light block of a pixel patch, where the transparent space around the pixel patch makes it from the real The rays of light of the world pass around each block. As just one example, the filling factor of the active pixel to the transparent space may be less than 15%.

The near-eye display may have a pixelated liquid crystal shutter located on the farthest side of the near-eye display from the wearer's eyes, which pixelated liquid crystal shutter blocks or reduces outbound light from the display outwards away from the wearer's eyes, thus reducing Light being emitted by a near-eye display viewed by an observer rather than a wearer. In a specific embodiment, the near-eye display may have a pixelated liquid crystal shutter located on the farthest side of the near-eye display from the wearer's eyes, the pixelated liquid crystal shutter blocking or reducing outbound light from a pixel or pixel patch Outwardly away from the wearer's eyes, thereby reducing light emitted from a near-eye display that is being viewed by a viewer rather than the wearer. Pixelated liquid crystal shutters are coordinated to become opaque or almost opaque when a pixel or pixel patch is turned on and illuminated.

As shown in FIG. 35a to FIG. 35c, the transparent near-eye display can be made in such a way that the bus of the near-eye display does not cross the bottom edge or bottom perimeter of the near-eye display. In other words, a transparent near-eye display can be made so that the edge of the pupil closest to the user's eyes will not have an electronic bus. The transparent near-eye display can be made with one of one or more vertical buses. A transparent near-eye display can be made so that the bottom part of the near-eye display does not have an electrical bus. The transparent near-eye display can be made such that when the transparent near-eye display is first seen, there is no busbar on the side of the display that will cross the pupil of the user's eyes. The transparent near-eye display can be made so that there is no electrical bus on one or more sides of the transparent near-eye display.

The transparent near-eye display may have a flexible printed circuit or a flexible cable attached vertically to the near-eye display. The transparent near-eye display may have a flexible printed circuit or a flexible cable attached horizontally to the near-eye display at the nose. The transparent near-eye display may have a flexible printed circuit or a flexible cable temporarily horizontally attached to the near-eye display. Assuming that in a preferred embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is located at or above the upper edge of the pupil of the wearer's eye, the important point is that when the wearer's head is tilted, the eyes easily and quickly pass over the bottom of the transparent near-eye display. Edge and start seeing virtual images as fast as possible. Therefore, this is the reason for the vertical orientation of one or several bus bars. However, if the transparent near-eye display is positioned at the nose, temporarily, or underneath, a transparent near-eye display can be made to ensure that the pupils of the user's eyes are quickly translated across the closest edge of the transparent near-eye display without crossing an electrical bus.

When the eyes are facing forward with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module may be located within the sight of one of the eyes of the user. When the eyes are facing forward with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module may be located outside the line of sight of one of the users' eyes. When the eyes are facing forward with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module may be located outside the line of sight of one of the users' eyes, but within 10 degrees of the line of sight. When the eyes are facing forward with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module may be located outside the line of sight of one of the users' eyes, but within 5 degrees of the line of sight. When the eyes are facing forward with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module may be located outside the line of sight of one of the users' eyes, but within 2.5 degrees of the line of sight. The transparent near-eye optical module can be located within 30 mm or less of the wearer's eyes. The transparent near-eye optical module can be located within 20 mm or less of the wearer's eyes. The transparent near-eye optical module can be located within 15 mm or less of the wearer's eyes.

As an illustrative embodiment, FIGS. 35a, 35b, and 35c show various configurations of different electrical connections to a transparent near-eye display. As shown in the two embodiments (left and right) of FIGS. 35a and 35b, the busbars are oriented in a vertical direction, so that there is no busbar at the bottom edge of the near-eye display and therefore allow easy and immediate access to the transparent near-eye display and Visual interference is minimized, although the embodiment in FIG. 35b provides such advantages by orienting the busbar horizontally at the upper portion of the near-eye display. The embodiment shown on the left side of Figs. 35a and 35c additionally shows a flexible printed circuit or flat flexible cable placed in electrical communication with the transparent near-eye display and placed on top of the transparent near-eye display, and to the right of Fig. 35b The illustrated embodiment shows a flexible printed circuit or a flat flexible cable disposed in electrical communication with a transparent near-eye display and disposed at a side of the transparent near-eye display.

The smaller the pixel size, the higher the pixel packaging can be positioned within a pixel patch. The higher the number of pixels, the higher the resolution of the display. Therefore, a pixel having a size of 5 micrometers or less is preferred. The foveal area of the eye of a wearer / user is approximately +/- 2 or 4 degrees. The foveal size is approximately 500 microns by 500 microns. A pixel patch can be 1.03 mm high by 1.03 mm long to cover the central concave area of an eye. Therefore, by way of example only, if 2 micron × 2 micron pixels are used, one of 25K 2 micron × 2 micron patches can cover the entire foveal area.

In one embodiment, a sparsely filled near-eye display with iLEDs (micro-LEDs) is aligned with a sparsely filled microlens array. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display has a fill factor for the near-eye display of less than 25% of one pixel. The sparsely filled microlens array has a microlens-to-microlens array fill factor of less than 50%. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display is composed of blocks each including one or more pixel patches (pixel patches). Each pixel patch includes 1.5 micron to 3.0 micron light emitting pixels. These light emitting systems are iLEDs (micro LEDs). A square may have between 1 pixel patch and 64 pixel patches. In aspects, each pixel patch is spaced apart and aligned with a microlens. The distance between the pixel patch and the microlens is a gap (air gap or material layer spacer). The distance is in the range of 50 microns and 2 microns. In this embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is adjusted in such a way that it has a duty cycle so that the user's eyes see a virtual image less than 50% of the time. In other embodiments, the duty cycle allows the user's eyes to see a virtual image less than 25% of the time. And in still other embodiments, the duty cycle enables a user's eyes to see a virtual image in less than 12.5% of the time.

In a specific embodiment (but not all embodiments), an intensity reduction filter is used to reduce the brightness level of the virtual image. The intensity reduction filter can be placed anywhere in the optical system between the iLED (micro LED) and the eyes of the user. The intensity reduction filter may be located on the front surface of the iLED (micro LED). The intensity reduction filter may be located between the micro lens of the micro lens array and the iLED (micro LED). The intensity reduction filter may be a filter that reduces the transmission of light passing through the microlens and / or the microlens array by a tone in the microlens and / or the microlens array. In other embodiments, enabling the electronic device allows to turn off the light intensity of the iLED (micro LEDS) of the transparent near-eye display, thereby reducing the brightness intensity of the virtual image. In yet other embodiments, enabling the tunable electronics allows tuning the light intensity of the iLED (micro LEDS) of the transparent near-eye display, thus making the brightness level intensity of the virtual image tunable.

In one embodiment, a sparsely filled near-eye display has an OLED aligned with a sparsely filled microlens array. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display has a fill factor for the near-eye display of less than 25% of one pixel. The sparsely filled microlens array has a microlens-to-microlens array fill factor of less than 50%. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display is composed of blocks each including one or more pixel patches (pixel patches). Each pixel patch includes a light emitter (s) sized between 3 microns and 8 microns. In this case, the light-emitting systems are OLEDs. A square may have between 1 pixel patch and 64 pixel patches. Each pixel patch is spaced apart and aligned with a microlens. The distance between the pixel patch and the microlens is a gap (air gap or material layer spacer). The distance is in the range of 25 microns and 2 mm. In this embodiment, the transparent near-eye display is adjusted in such a way that it has a duty cycle so that the user's eyes see a virtual image less than 50% of the time. In other embodiments, the duty cycle allows the user's eyes to see a virtual image less than 25% of the time. And in still other embodiments, the duty cycle enables a user's eyes to see a virtual image in less than 12.5% of the time.

As shown in FIG. 2a and FIG. 2b, when the divergent light rays from the near-eye display are used in a specific embodiment, infinite conjugate optics are used, and the microlens array is used to collimate these light rays, if the user needs to correct With his or her refraction error, the light rays will hit an ophthalmic lens, or if the user's cornea does not need to correct the glasses, the light rays remain almost parallel to each other. However, due to the magnification of the image caused by the microlens array, a smaller number of pixels per patch can be used to cover the concave area of the eye of a wearer / user. By way of example only, with only a 7x magnification factor of one of the images, 1K 2 micron x 2 micron pixels per patch can be used to cover the entire foveal area of the eye of a wearer / user. Therefore, in most cases, it is desirable to use small pixels for several reasons. There are reasons to increase the resolution of the near-eye display, pack more pixels into a pixel patch, and minimize the efficiency of magnification and therefore allow the maximum number of pixels to be used when covering the concave area of the eye of a wearer / user . It is better to see that the micro lens array has an image magnification effect of less than 10 times and more preferably less than 6 times. The macula is 5 mm in diameter or +/- 12.5 degrees or 25 degrees. In a particular embodiment of the present invention in which small pixels are used, the number of pixels packed into a pixel patch covering the fovea may be bright, so that when the resolution is very acceptable, the brightness may be Too bright for eyes. In this case, by way of example only, one of the following may be used; a filter, a hue, or a tunable electron irradiation. By way of example only, a pixel patch composed of iLED (micro LED) can provide acceptable resolution, but has the advantages of The eyes are too strong for one brightness.

In yet other embodiments, using finite conjugate optics, light rays from the microlens array form an image in front of the user's eyes and are seen by the user's eyes. When this happens, the magnification of the image is negligible, but the image can be reversed. When this happens, the display image is reversed by software or hardware so that the image is perceived by the wearer / user as facing up.

In a preferred embodiment, a single pixel patch is imaged on the central fovea and a plurality of pixel patches separated with a transparent or translucent space between them are imaged on the non-concave macular area. In another preferred embodiment, a single pixel patch or more adjacent pixel patches are imaged on the fovea and a plurality of pixel patches separated with a transparent or translucent space between them are arranged on the non-concave Imaging on macular areas. The microlens array can use collimation optics, focusing optics, or a combination of both. The microlens array can be a sparsely filled microlens array. The sparsely filled microlens array can be aligned with and optically communicate with a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display. Sparsely filled transparent near-eye displays may have less than 2.5% of the pixels occupying the display surface. The sparsely filled transparent near-eye display may have less than 5% of the pixels occupying the display surface. Sparsely filled transparent near-eye displays may have less than 10% of the pixels occupying the display surface. Sparsely filled transparent near-eye displays may have less than 20% of the pixels occupying the display surface. The sparsely filled microlens array may have microlenses that occupy less than 60% of the microlens array. The sparsely filled microlens array may have microlenses that occupy less than 50% of the microlens array. The sparsely packed microlens array may have microlenses that occupy less than 40% of the microlens array.

19, 20, 21, 22 and 23 present a side view showing a ray trace demonstrating how light from a transparent near-eye module is projected onto a user's retina to form an image. FIG. 19 shows a single light-emitting pixel of a transparent near-eye display optically aligned with a single microlens of a microarray at the far left of the figure, the single light-emitting pixel itself being placed in front of an ophthalmic lens without optical magnification in this embodiment . The figure shows a single lenslet (microlens) and a single point source using infinite optical conjugates to deliver light to the eye. In particular, individual microlenses transmit parallel collimated light rays to the eye, which is represented schematically on the right side of the figure. The collimated light rays pass through the cornea of the eye, then pass through an aquifer, then the lens (the main plane containing the lens), and finally pass through the vitreous body, where the light rays are focused on the fovea of the retina. Figure 20 shows light from a transparent near-eye optical module from a single pixel patch of a transparent near-eye display. One or more micro-lenses of a micro-lens array collimates light rays from the pixel patch, while Figure 21 shows Light partially filled with several patches of a single light source. FIG. 22 shows a ray trace from a complete ray set of a plurality of patches / sub-images (+/- 2 degrees or 4 degrees in total).

Figure 23 shows an infinitely conjugated Zemax ™ ray formed by three spaced apart pixel patches with a 750 micron pixel patch pitch between each other and each aligned with a different microlens of a microlens array. trace. Three pixels are shown on the left of the diagram, with the bottom pixel being centered. The diagram shows three collimated beams (one collimated beam from each pixel at the center of a different pixel patch). Collimation occurs due to a microlens array. The beam is focused on the fovea of the retina due to the optical magnification of the eye structure.

Although most of the illustrations and examples disclosed herein utilize infinite conjugate optics, the transparent near-eye optical module may utilize infinite conjugate optics or finite conjugate optics. The optical system design can be changed to suit any one.

In a particular embodiment, the virtual image seen by an eye is pre-processed with respect to color, spatial frequency, duty cycle, resolution, or other features (without limitation). In other embodiments, the virtual image seen by an eye is not preprocessed and is an original virtual image obtained from a transparent near-eye display after being optically impacted by one or more microlenses of a microlens array.

Figures 12a, 12b, and 13 show how light from a near-eye display (represented by a grating on the left) can form an image on a user's retina (represented by a grating on the right). In particular, the raster representation of the retina on the right side of the figure shows a +/- 12.5 degree (or 25 degree) field of view. Each individual square of the grating indicates a +/- 2.0 degree (or 4 degree) coverage field of view. Figure 12a shows an embodiment in which a single light source (single pixel) of a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display is on the left. This is due to the magnification of the image, a magnified image of a single pixel on the right retina is generated by the microlens. FIG. 13 shows a 9-pixel patch of one of the sparsely filled transparent near-eye displays on the left. Due to the magnification, the microlens produces a single foveal image from one of the 9-pixel patches on the right. Figure 12b shows a sparse fill 9-pixel patch reproduced across a sparse fill transparent near-eye display on the left. This produces a pixel patch image that replicates across the retina +/- 12.5 degrees or 25 degrees to cover the entire fovea and macular portion. .

Tables and diagrams are shown in FIGS. 24 to 34, which show an exemplary description of a transparent near-eye optical module. These tables are intended to show additional examples of ways in which transparent near-eye optical modules can be implemented and are not intended to be limiting. FIG. 24 is a table showing various properties and values of an OLED display, MLA optics, and retinal images according to an embodiment. Figure 25 provides specific example values for various properties. FIG. 26 is an example of various types of light emitters and / or display types that can be used. FIG. 27 shows example lenslets (or microlenses) that can be used individually or in combination. Figure 28 shows various exemplary combinations of near-eye displays and microlens arrays. Figure 29 shows an example of switchable optics (switchable optical magnification on and off). FIG. 30 is a table showing exemplary characteristics and ranges according to various embodiments. FIG. 31 is a table showing a modulation range and a duty cycle of a transparent near-eye display and a microlens array according to an embodiment. FIG. 32 is a list of examples of various transparent near-eye display optical modules including different components. FIG. 33 illustrates one of the dimensions of the foveal, subconvex, and macular regions of the human retina. Figure 34 is a graphical illustration of the cone density as a function of the angular distance from the dimples.

According to an embodiment, the modulation of the transparent near-eye display and the modulation of the MLA may be the same and synchronized. The modulation of the near-eye display and MLA may be different. The working cycle of the transparent near-eye display and MLA can be the same and synchronized. The working cycle of the transparent near-eye display and MLA can be different. In a preferred embodiment, the duty cycles of the transparent near-eye display and the MLA are the same and synchronized.

An embodiment includes a see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display module, which is a see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display module. The see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display includes pixels or pixel patches and a micro lens including a micro lens. An array in which the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is aligned with and separated from the micro lens array, in which the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye optical module is sealed and in which the see-through transparent near-eye optical module Includes an electrical connector.

An embodiment includes a see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display module, which is a see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display module. The see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display includes pixels or pixel patches and a micro lens including a micro lens. An array, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is aligned with and separated from the microlens array, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of light blocks, wherein the see-through transparent Or the translucent near-eye optical module is sealed and the see-through transparent near-eye optical module includes an electrical connector.

An embodiment includes a see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display module, which is a see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display module. The see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display includes pixels or pixel patches and a micro lens including a micro lens. Array, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is aligned with and separated from the microlens array, and the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye optical module includes a plurality of light blocks, wherein one light block and The adjacent light blocks are separated at a distance, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye optical module is sealed and wherein the see-through transparent near-eye optical module includes an electrical connector.

The transparent near-eye display may consist of a pixel patch providing a field of view of +/- 2.5 degrees (5 degrees or less) or a block providing a field of view of +/- 12.5 degrees or less. The transparent near-eye display may be composed of a pixel block or a pixel patch block including a plurality of pixels. In a specific embodiment, the pixel patch provides a concave center coverage area for the virtual image. In a particular embodiment, a pixel patch or pixel block provides central and peripheral vision of the virtual image.

In a specific embodiment, the transparent near-eye optical module is located directly in front of the eyes of the user when the user is looking straight ahead with the normal gaze. In other embodiments, when the user looks straight ahead with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module is located at a line of sight slightly away from the user's eyes and the user moves his eyes less than 10 degrees to the transparent near-eye optical module group. In still other embodiments, when the user looks straight ahead with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module is located at a line of sight slightly away from the user's eyes and the user moves his eyes more than 10 degrees to reach the transparent near-eye Optical module. And in still other embodiments, when the user looks straight ahead with the normal gaze, the transparent near-eye optical module is located at a line of sight slightly away from the user's eyes and the user can tilt his chin by 10 degrees or less to Access to the transparent near-eye optical module.

In aspects, the transparent near-eye display has a transparency of 80% or more. The pixels each include an opaque light block behind each pixel, the opaque light block reducing light directed forward away from the user's eyes. The transparent near-eye display is sparsely filled with pixels. In aspects, the transparent near-eye display has a pixel fill factor of 10% or less of the transparent near-eye display. In aspects, the transparent near-eye display has a pixel fill factor of 5% or less of the transparent near-eye display. The microlens array is sparsely filled with microlenses. In aspects, the microlens array has a microlens fill factor that is one of 50% or less of the microlens array. In aspects, the microlens array may have a microlens fill factor of one of the microlens arrays that is 40% or less. In one aspect, the microlens array has a plurality of microlenses that are lenticular microlens arrays. In one aspect, the microlens array may have a plurality of microlenses that are aspherical microlens arrays. The microlenses are each aligned with a plurality of pixels of a transparent near-eye display. Each of the plurality of microlenses is aligned with a corresponding pixel patch of one of the plurality of pixel patches of the transparent near-eye display. In one aspect, a microlens is larger than the size of the aligned pixel patch. The transparent near-eye display is aligned with and separated from the microlens array and is directly or indirectly attached to the microlens array. The pixels of the transparent near-eye display are composed of one or more of the following: OLED, iLED (micro LED) or TOLED. The transparent near-eye display is modulated between 30 Hz and 100 Hz and has a duty cycle of 50% or less. The sealing of the transparent near-eye optical module is an air-tight seal.

The pixels of the transparent near-eye display may be contained in the pixel patch. A plurality of pixel patches are contained in a square. For a user's eye, the block is faceted across a section of the lens, thereby providing a curvature to the transparent near-eye optical module. The transparent near-eye display optical module can be embedded in the front surface of one of the following; a spectacle lens, goggles or face shield. The transparent near-eye optical module includes a space between the transparent near-eye display and the microlens array, and the space is an air gap or a material spacer. The pixel size is between 1.5 microns and 8 microns. The transparent near-eye optical module transmits light from the real world to a user's eye to form a real image, and the transparent near-eye optical module emits light generated in the transparent near-eye optical module to the user's eye to form a real image. Virtual image.

The transparent optical module magnifies the image seen by the user's eyes. This magnification is in the range of 2 times and 8 times of the original image produced by the transparent near-eye display of the transparent near-eye optical module. The pixel patch has a size in a range of 15 μm × 15 μm and 750 μm × 750 μm. The number of pixels in a pixel patch is in the range of 3 pixels × 3 pixels and 64 pixels × 64 pixels. The size of the microlenses is in the range of 50 microns and 800 microns. The distance between the transparent near-eye display and the microlens array is between 25 microns and 2 mm.

Non-limiting examples of implementations of transparent near-eye displays are provided below in Examples 1 to 3.

Example 1: Specifications

Transparent AMOLED display (sparsely filled OLED display with segments that are transparent or translucent between pixels or pixel patches)

Resolution: QVGA (400 × 300 pixels)

Size: 16 mm × 12 mm (hence 40 um × 40 um pixels) (the size can be as small as 6 mm × 6 mm or as large as 60 mm × 60 mm)

Sub-pixel emission area (referred to herein as the pixel size) = 5 um × 5 um (1.51% of the display area emits light)

Emission distribution type: most of the energy is focused on the cavity in the forward direction (preferably 60% +, 75% +, 85% +, etc.)

Display transparency:> 60% (preferably greater than 70%, more preferably greater than 80%)

Color: green (530 to 550 nm) or full color display

Brightness = 10,000 cd / m ² or more at the active area

Frame rate: 90 Hz; should be able to overdrive to achieve sharp cutoff.

Encapsulated thickness including electrical connection <0.5mm: The physical distance from the emitting pixel to its outer barrier layer should be the smallest-preferably 50 to 100 um, no more

Substrate: plastic or glass

Flexible: The display can be bent in one direction to a radius of curvature of at least 150 mm

Curvature: In most, but not all cases, curvature is the curvature of the base arc of the spectacle lens

Encapsulation: hermetically sealed by a conformal barrier coating

Thickness: less than 1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.50 mm or less

Example 2: Specifications

Transparent iLED (micro LED) display with sparsely filled micro LED displays that are transparent or translucent segments between pixels or pixel patches

Resolution: QVGA (400 × 300 pixels)

Size: 16 mm × 12 mm (hence 40 um × 40 um pixels) (size can be any size as small as 6 mm × 6 mm or as large as 60 mm × 60 mm)

Sub-pixel emission area (referred to herein as the pixel size) = 2 um or less × 2 um or less (1.51% or less of the display area emits light)

Emission distribution type: most of the energy is focused in the cavity in the forward direction (preferably 60% +, 75% +, 85% +, etc.)

Display transparency:> 60% (preferably greater than 70%, more preferably greater than 80%)

Color: green (535 to 550 nm) or full color display

Brightness = up to 100,000 cd / m ² at the active area

Frame rate: 90 Hz; should be able to overdrive to achieve sharp cutoff.

Encapsulated thickness including electrical connections <0.5 mm: The physical distance from the emitting pixel to its outer barrier layer should be the smallest-preferably 50 to 100 um, no more

Substrate: plastic or glass

Flexible: The display can be bent in one direction to a radius of curvature of at least 150 mm

Curvature: In most, but not all cases, curvature is the curvature of the base arc of the spectacle lens

Encapsulation: hermetically sealed by a conformal barrier coating

Thickness: less than 1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.50 mm or less

Example 3: Specifications

Transparent TOLED display, TOLED display with transparent pixels that are not illuminated to provide proper transparency

Resolution: QVGA (400 × 300 pixels)

Size: 16 mm × 12 mm (hence 40 um × 40 um pixels) (size can be any size as small as 6 mm × 6 mm or as large as 60 mm × 60 mm)

Sub-pixel emission area (referred to herein as the pixel size) = 2 um or less × 2 um or less (1.51% or less of the display area emits light)

Emission distribution type: most of the energy is focused in the cavity in the forward direction (preferably 60% +, 75% +, 85% +, etc.)

Display transparency:> 60% (preferably greater than 70%, more preferably greater than 80%)

Color: green (535 to 550 nm) or full color display

Brightness = up to 100,000 cd / m ² at the active area

Frame rate: 90 Hz; should be able to overdrive to achieve sharp cutoff.

Encapsulated thickness including electrical connection <0.5mm: The physical distance from the emitting pixel to its outer barrier layer should be the smallest-preferably 50 to 100 um, no more

Substrate: plastic or glass

Flexible: The display can be bent in one direction to a radius of curvature of at least 150 mm

Curvature: In most, but not all cases, curvature is the curvature of the base arc of the spectacle lens

Encapsulation: hermetically sealed by a conformal barrier coating

Thickness: less than 1.0 mm, and more preferably 0.50 mm or less

The invention has been described with reference to specific embodiments having various features. In view of the disclosure provided above, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and changes can be made in the practice of the invention without departing from the scope or spirit of the invention. Those skilled in the art will recognize that the disclosed features may be used individually, in combination, or omitted based on the requirements and specifications of a given application or design. When an embodiment refers to "including" a particular feature, it should be understood that the embodiment may alternatively "consist of" or "consisting essentially of" any one or more of the features. Those skilled in the art will understand other embodiments of the present invention after considering the specification and practicing the present invention.

It should be noted that where a range of values is provided in this specification, each value between the upper and lower limits of that range is also specifically disclosed. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may also be independently included in this range. Unless the context clearly indicates otherwise, the singular forms "a", "the" and "the" include plural referents. The description and examples are intended to be regarded as illustrative in nature and variations that do not depart from the essence of the invention belong to the scope of the invention. In addition, all references cited in the present invention are individually incorporated herein by their entire citations and are thus intended to provide an effective way to supplement the authorized disclosure of the present invention and to provide a general technical level detailing the technology Background.

The drawings illustrate specific aspects of embodiments of the invention and should not be used to limit the invention. The drawings, together with the written description, illustrate specific principles of the invention.

FIG. 1a is a schematic diagram showing a top view of a sealed transparent near-eye module according to an embodiment.

FIG. 1b is a schematic diagram showing a side view of a transparent near-eye module according to an embodiment.

FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram of a side view showing how a filled transparent near-eye module works according to another embodiment. The filled transparent near-eye module includes a pixel patch, light blocks for individual pixels, pixels and Distance-aligned aligned microlenses, spectacle lenses with optical magnification, and eye retina.

FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram showing a side view of how a filled transparent near-eye module works according to another embodiment when it is not used with an eyeglass lens having optical power.

2c is a schematic view showing a side view of a transparent near-eye module according to another embodiment, which shows how a sparsely filled transparent near-eye display and a sparsely filled microlens array form a virtual image and make a real image from the real world Light passes.

Figure 3a is a front view showing one of the blocks of a single pixel patch with 9 pixels (each with its own light block) and showing how each pixel and light block are separated from each other by a distance according to an embodiment schematic diagram.

Figure 3b shows a front view of an embodiment of a pixel patch with 9 pixels (each with its own light block) and shows how each pixel and light block are separated from each other by a distance .

FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of a front view of one embodiment of four blocks of a single pixel patch with 9 pixels each.

FIG. 4b is a diagram of a front view of one embodiment of 16 blocks of a single pixel patch with 9 pixels each.

5a is a side view of an embodiment of a transparent near-eye display optical module embedded in the front surface of an eyeglass lens.

FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a front view of each part of the front surface of a pair of spectacle lenses of a pair of transparent near-eye optical modules and a pair of spectacle frames including an enabling electronic device.

FIG. 5c is a diagram of one embodiment of a front view of two transparent near-eye optical modules. Each transparent near-eye optical module is embedded in the front surface of a pair of spectacle lenses including an spectacle frame with an enabled electronic device.

5d is a diagram of one embodiment of a front view of two transparent near-eye optical modules. Each transparent near-eye optical module is attached to the front surface of a pair of spectacle lenses containing a spectacle frame with enabled electronics.

FIG. 6a is a front view diagram of one of the embodiments of the 25 blocks and shows the retinal image generated therefrom. Each block includes a single pixel patch aligned with a spaced microlens.

Figure 6b is a front view diagram of one embodiment of a block with a 9-pixel patch and shows the retinal image generated from it. Each of the 9-pixel patches provides one of the higher resolution and brightness. The microlenses are spaced apart to align.

Figure 6c is a front view diagram of one of the embodiments of 25 blocks and shows how light from the real world passes between pixel patches and between microlenses. Each block includes the pixel patches being individually "on" A single-pixel patch aligned with a micro-lens spaced apart (where the light block is directly behind).

Figure 6d is a top plan view of one of the embodiments of the 25 blocks and shows that light from the real world passes between the pixel patches and between the microlenses. Each block includes the pixel patch being "turned off" It is aligned with a single-pixel patch (with the light block directly behind it) aligned with a micro lens separated at a distance.

7a is a front view diagram of an embodiment surrounding a light-shielding aperture of a pixel patch aligned with a microlens of a microlens array.

FIG. 7b is a front view diagram of one embodiment with three-pixel patches each aligned with a microlens, showing a transparent area around the pixels and between the pixels.

FIG. 7c is a front view diagram of an embodiment of a single pixel patch aligned on a top of an optical block with a micro lens separated at a distance.

FIG. 8 is a rear view showing one embodiment of a plurality of light blocks separated by distance (as seen from the eyes of someone looking at the eyes of a user of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module) , Which shows how light from the real world passes between light blocks.

FIG. 9 is a side view showing an embodiment of an AR / MR unit including a releasably attachable one of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module spaced apart from a front surface of a spectacle lens.

FIG. 10 is a side view showing one embodiment of an AR / MR unit including a releasably attachable one of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module resting on the front surface of an eyeglass lens.

11a is a front view of one embodiment of an eyeglass frame supporting an AR / MR unit with one of two transparent near-eye optical modules that can be releasably attached.

FIG. 11b is a front view of another embodiment of an eyeglass frame supporting an AR / MR unit with one of two transparent near-eye optical modules that can be releasably attached, showing each of the transparent eye optical modules The bottom edge of the wearer is located on the top edge of the pupil of the wearer's eyes.

FIG. 12a is a diagram showing how a single pixel light and a single point light are enlarged on a retina of a user's eye after passing through a micro lens.

Figure 12b is a diagram of one embodiment of 25 blocks (5 x 5), each block having a 9 pixel patch that passes light through a microlens array and a +/- 12.5 degree or 25 degree synthesis of the retina Image coverage.

FIG. 13 is a diagram of one embodiment of a block with a 9-pixel patch and shows how an image from a 9-pixel patch will cover a foveal +/- 2 degrees or 4 after passing through a microlens array degree.

Figure 14 is an implementation of a single pixel patch of 65 pixels with a specified size aligned with a 2.5 mm distance microlens aligned with one of the specified size and composite sub-images (if 65 such pixels are used). Example of a schema.

15a is a side view of an embodiment of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module including a specific element.

15b is a side view of an embodiment of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module including a specific element.

15c is a side view of an embodiment of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module including a specific element.

15d is a side view of an embodiment of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module including a specific element.

15e is a side view of an embodiment of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module including a specific element.

15f is a side view of an embodiment of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module including a specific element.

15g is a side view of an embodiment of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module including a specific element.

FIG. 16a is a side view of a faceted embodiment showing a transparent near-eye optical module including various elements scattered across the front surface of an eyeglass lens.

Figure 16b is a side view of one of the faceted embodiments, showing one of the various elements (including a color integrator that provides a distance between the near-eye display and the microlens array) including the elements scattered across the front surface of a spectacle lens. Transparent near-eye optical module.

FIG. 16c is a side view of one embodiment with a facet, showing various elements including a color integrator that provides a distance between a near-eye display and a microlens array and an air element that are spread across the front surface of a spectacle lens Gap) is a transparent near-eye optical module.

FIG. 16d is a side view of one embodiment with a facet, showing one of various elements (including a light-shielding aperture that provides a distance between the near-eye display and the microlens array) that is spread across the front surface of a spectacle lens. Small face transparent near-eye optical module.

FIG. 17a is a side view of an embodiment of a small segment limited to a single pixel of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module. The sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes a vertical portion between a pixel and a microlens. One of the holes shields the pores.

17b is a front view diagram of one embodiment of a small segment limited to a single pixel of a sealed transparent near-eye optical module, the sealed transparent near-eye optical module includes One of the vertical holes is a light-shielding hole.

FIG. 18a is a front view showing one embodiment of two transparent optical modules, in which the bottom edge of each transparent optical module is located above the top edge of a pupil of a user's eye.

Figure 18b is a front view drawing showing one embodiment of two transparent optical modules attached to a spectacle frame, each of the two transparent optical modules being capable of being independently horizontally aligned.

18c is a front view drawing showing one embodiment of two transparent optical modules attached to a spectacle frame, each of the two transparent optical modules being capable of being independently horizontally aligned.

FIG. 19 shows an exemplary ray tracing embodiment of a point source, one of its aligned microlenses in optical communication, how the microlenses collimate light rays, and how the eye focuses light on the retina.

Figure 20 shows an example ray of a single pixel patch, one or more aligned microlenses of one of the microlens arrays in optical communication with it, how the microlenses collimate light rays and how the eye focuses light on the retina. Tracking examples.

FIG. 21 shows how a plurality of pixel patches, a plurality of aligned microlenses that belong to a microlens array and are in optical communication with the pixel patches, how the microlenses collimate light rays and how the eyes focus light on the retina One example ray tracing embodiment.

FIG. 22 shows how a plurality of pixel patches, a plurality of aligned microlenses that belong to a microlens array and are in optical communication with the pixel patches, how the microlenses collimate light rays and how the eyes focus light on the retina One example ray tracing embodiment.

FIG. 23 shows an exemplary ray tracing embodiment of three distance-separated pixel patches, each aligned with a different microlens of a microlens array, and shows three results obtained through the eye, each focusing on the fovea Collimated beam.

FIG. 24 is a table showing various aspects of an OLED display.

FIG. 25 is a table showing various aspects of a microlens array and a near-eye display.

FIG. 26 is a table of exemplary near-eye displays and / or luminaires.

FIG. 27 is a table of exemplary lenslets or microlenses.

FIG. 28 is a table of various exemplary combinations of near-eye displays and associated aligned microlens arrays.

FIG. 29 is a table of different exemplary switchable microlens arrays (on and off) and different exemplary enabling components.

Figure 30 is a table of different characteristics and their ranges.

FIG. 31 is a table of an exemplary embodiment of a modulation range and a duty cycle range of a near-eye display and a switchable on / off microlens array that should be used by someone alone.

FIG. 32 is a table of an exemplary embodiment of a transparent near-eye display module each including different components.

FIG. 33 is a diagram illustrating one of the sizes of the macular, near foveal, parafocal, and foveal regions of the human retina.

Figure 34 is a graphical illustration showing the density of the viewing cone as a function of the angular distance from the fovea.

Figure 35a is an illustration of one example of a transparent near-eye display having a vertically aligned and separated bus bar as part of a transparent near-eye optical module with a flexible cable or flat printed circuit oriented vertically and vertically. Instructions.

Figure 35b is another example of a transparent near-eye display having a vertically aligned and separated bus as part of a transparent near-eye optical module with a flexible cable or flat printed circuit temporarily and horizontally oriented. Graphic illustration.

Figure 35c is an example of a transparent near-eye display with a horizontally aligned and separated busbar on the top as part of a transparent near-eye optical module with a flexible cable or flat printed circuit oriented vertically and vertically. An illustration.

Claims (30)

A see-through near-eye optical module includes: A see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display including pixels and / or pixel patches and a micro-lens array including microlenses, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is aligned with and separated from the microlens array ; An electrical connector; and The see-through near-eye optical module is hermetically sealed. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display has a transparency of 80% or more. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein one or more of the pixels include a light block behind each pixel, wherein the light block can reduce the number of light from the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye The light of the display is directed away from one of the eyes of a user. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is partially filled with the pixels or pixel patches. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein a fill factor of a pixel of the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is 10% or less. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein a fill factor of a pixel of the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is 5% or less. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the microlens array is partially filled with the microlenses. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein a filling factor of a microlens of one of the microlens arrays is 50% or less. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein a microlens filling factor of one of the microlens arrays is 40% or less. For example, the see-through type near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of micro lenses are biconvex. For example, the see-through type near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of microlenses are aspherical. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of microlenses are aligned with the plurality of pixels or pixel patches of the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the plurality of microlenses are aligned with one or more of the pixels or the pixel patches of the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the size of one of the micro lenses is larger than the size of an aligned pixel or a pixel patch. The see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display is aligned with and separated from the micro lens array and is directly or indirectly attached to the micro lens array. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the pixels or pixel patches are composed of OLED, iLED (micro LED) and / or TOLED. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display can be adjusted between 30 Hz and 100 Hz and has a duty cycle of 50% or less on. The see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the seal is an air-tight seal. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the pixels are contained in the pixel patches. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 19, wherein a plurality of these pixel patches are contained in a square. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 20, wherein a plurality of these blocks are faceted across a section of a spectacle lens for one eye of a user, thereby providing a curvature to the see-through near-eye Optical module. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the see-through near-eye optical module is embedded in the front surface of one of one or more of spectacle lens, goggles, or a face shield. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display and the microlens array are separated by a distance between the see-through transparent or translucent near-eye display and the microlens array. They are separated by a distance, and wherein the distance interval includes an air gap or a layer of material. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein one of the pixels has a pixel size between 1.5 microns and 8 microns. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the see-through near-eye optical module is capable of transmitting light from an environment to an eye of a user to form a real image, and wherein the see-through near-eye optical module enables The light generated by the see-through near-eye optical module is transmitted to the eye of the user to form a virtual image. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the optical device of the see-through near-eye optical module can magnify an image seen by one of the eyes of a user, and the magnification is determined by the see-through near-eye optical module The perspective transparent or translucent near-eye display produces a range between 2 and 8 times of an original image. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein one of the pixel patches has a size in a range of 15 μm × 15 μm and 750 μm × 750 μm. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein the number of one of the pixels in one of the pixel patches is in a range of 3 pixels × 3 pixels and 64 pixels × 64 pixels. For example, the see-through near-eye optical module of claim 1, wherein one or more of the microlenses have a size in the range of 50 microns and 800 microns. The see-through near-eye optical module of claim 23, wherein the distance is spaced between 25 microns and 2 mm.