CN206724681U - A kind of controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere - Google Patents
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Abstract
A kind of controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere is the utility model is related to, belongs to ceramic sintering technical field.Ceramic sintering kiln of the present utility model includes firing the gas passage between region and atmosphere control area, mainly includes gas passage between region, fresh air air inlet, gas air draft, inner air circulation path, air-flow external circulation path etc..The utility model solves the problems, such as that stably and controllable reducing atmosphere can not be generated inside electrical kiln, compared with traditional wood kiln, the utility model once-firing need to only use minimal amount of charcoal or other carbon component reactants, control energy loss, reduce substantial amounts of carbon dioxide and other noxious gas emissions, it can make to reach higher temperature in stove simultaneously, increase ceramic performance, lifting process fine arts characteristic.And gas kiln conventional in the market is contrasted, and security is not only increased, decreases waste gas discharge, and atmosphere generation and stove temp are separate, and user is easy to operate, the lifting of ceramic product yield maximization.
Description
Technical field
A kind of controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere is the utility model is related to, belongs to ceramic sintering technical field.
Background technology
The firing temperature of high-temperature technology ceramics is more in 1200 DEG C to 1350 DEG C sections at present, and ceramic need are burnt till according to different
Asking needs to be controlled the atmosphere of ceramic firing, and such as existing most of reducing atmosphere burns till porcelain and needed at 980 DEG C to 1020
Conversion (the note from oxidizing atmosphere to reducing atmosphere is completed between DEG C：The property of firing atmosphere is by institute in the fuel Products in kiln
What the free oxygen and the percentage of reducing component contained determined.Firing atmosphere can be typically divided into oxidizing atmosphere and reducing atmosphere two
Kind.Free oxygen content is referred to as strong oxidizing atmosphere, referred to as general oxic gas of the free oxygen content 4%~5% 8%~10%
Atmosphere, free oxygen content 1%~1.5% are referred to as neutral atmosphere；When the content of free oxygen is less than 1%, and CO contents 1%~
When less than 2.5%, referred to as weakly reducing atmosphere, CO contents are referred to as strongly reducing atmosphere more than 3%~7%.).In ceramic firing
Temperature schedule and atmosphere system be to influence the key factor during ceramic firing, therefore just needed during ceramic firing pair
Temperature and atmosphere in ceramic kiln are accurately controlled.With the development of productivity, control ability of the people to temperature
It is greatly improved, but the control to kiln furnace atmosphere particularly reducing atmosphere is still relatively difficult to achieve.
Gas burning kiln is the main flow kiln of current Production of Ceramics because it can produce high temperature and reduction firing environment simultaneously.By
Not only to be burnt as energy source in reaction gas, while also to rely on its different burning degree to control the atmosphere in kiln
Environment, this just causes thermal field and the close coupling phenomenon of atmosphere concentration field in kiln so that kiln homeostasis is very poor, general next
Say what gas concentration can only just rely on firing personnel personal experience to determine substantially.Existing gas-combustion kiln reaction gas is mostly butane decile
Son measures larger gas, extremely easily decomposes at high temperature and produces simple substance carbon component, it is very unfavorable that the firing to porcelain has
Influence.And more traditional wood kiln also has considerable influence in addition to gentle kiln is equally unmanageable to environment, at present except a small number of special
Outside different handicraft article firing, do not use.Current more promising ceramic kiln is the ceramic electrical using resistance heating manner
Stove, and the extensive use in the preparation of modern industry ceramic material of the electric furnace of the form.Can using electrically heated ceramic kiln
To possess highly stable temperature field, temperature fluctuation can be controlled within ± 5 DEG C by typically optimizing later electric furnace, special applications
The uniform performance of electric furnace thermal field of occasion reaches less than ± 2 DEG C.It is especially advantageous for firing the good pottery of uniformity.But electric furnace is also same
There is the significant deficiency of uncontrollable atmosphere in sample, so more porcelain that oxidizing atmosphere is fired using electric furnace at present.Also ceramics grind
Also Primordial Qi that hair personnel have been configured by being passed through into electric furnace forms required reducing atmosphere, but this way first, and ten
Divide danger, careless manipulation is very easy to cause fryer；Second, gas effciency is extremely low, and loss is very big；3rd, control stability
Deficiency, although being capable of the accurate proportioning of control input, gas concentration actual inside kiln can not be known.And this kind improves
Type electric furnace is difficult operation, so in addition to a small number of scientific research personnel are tested with it, other application face is very narrow.Current ceramics
For firing technology just because of lacking effectively reliable control climate method, the yield rate for causing high-quality pottery to burn till is very low,
Many ceramic practitioners are also constantly looking for rational solution method.
In patent application《A kind of Beijing enamel electrical kiln for producing bavin and burning atmosphere》In propose a kind of rationally effective two-chamber kiln
Furnace structure (patent publication No. CN105910437A), it has the function of producing reproducibility firing atmosphere.With double cavity structure
It is the basic place for enabling electrical kiln to produce reducing atmosphere that bavin, which is electrically coupled kiln, but the patent application is not directed to ceramic firing process
In control to kiln atmosphere etc..
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model is the ceramic sintering kiln for proposing that a kind of firing atmosphere is controllable, to existing ceramic kiln
Structure make improvements, with realize while stability contorting temperature, moreover it is possible to effectively regulation and control kiln internal atmosphere, be easy to
Fire the target of variety classes chinaware article.
The utility model proposes the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere, including insulation outer wall, fire area and atmosphere
Area is generated, fires area and atmosphere generation area in the inner chamber of insulation outer wall, is fired in the gas and atmosphere generation area in area
Gas is connected by porous barrier, is fired and is respectively equipped with that gas circulation passage is gentle to be followed in vitro between area and atmosphere generation area
Ring path, gas circulation passage are provided with interior circulation flashboard；The described wall of firing area interior edge four is provided with upper heater, fires area
Interior to be provided with support refractory slab, base substrate to be burnt till is placed on support refractory slab, and the top for firing area is provided with carbonmonoxide detector and circulation
Gas exports, and circulating air outlet is provided with air bleeding valve；Described atmosphere generation area is provided with charcoal frame, and the bottom of charcoal frame is provided with lower heating
Device, the bottom of lower heater are provided with a wind pipe, and a wind pipe passes through First air control valve and gas external circulation path phase
Connection, gas external circulation path are provided with circulating air master control valve；The side in atmosphere generation area is provided with secondary air duct, atmosphere life
It is connected into area by Secondary Air control valve with gas external circulation path, fresh air pipeline passes through Xingfeng capsule valve and gas outer circulation
Path is connected.
The utility model proposes the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere, its advantage is：
Ceramic kiln of the present utility model solves and stably and controllable reducing atmosphere can not be generated inside the electrical kiln of prior art
The problem of, and compared with traditional wood kiln, the utility model once-firing need to only use minimal amount of charcoal or other carbon groups
Divide reactant, control energy loss, reduce substantial amounts of carbon dioxide and other noxious gas emissions, while can make in stove
Reach higher temperature, improve ceramic performance, lifting process fine arts characteristic.Compared with gas kiln conventional in the market, not only
Security is improved, decreases waste gas discharge, and atmosphere generation and stove temp are separate, and user is easy to operate, pottery
Porcelain products yield maximization is lifted.And improve the flexibility of pottery equipment operation and the convenience of operation.Therefore, this practicality
The ceramic sintering kiln of new proposition, there is extremely wide application prospect for ceramic particularly craft artistic pottery and porcelain industry.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the utility model proposes the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere structural representation, wherein 1 is burn
Area processed, 2 be that atmosphere generates area, and 3 be insulation outer wall, and 4 be upper heater, and 5 be air bleeding valve, and 6 be circulating air master control valve, and 7 be interior
Flashboard is circulated, 8 be support refractory slab, and 9 be gas circulation passage, and 10 be lower heater, and 11 be Xingfeng capsule valve, and 12 is once
Wind control valve, 13 be Secondary Air control valve, and 14 be charcoal frame, and 15 be gas external circulation path, and 16 be porous barrier, and 17 be an oxidation
Carbon detector.
Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 is the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of the utility model firing atmosphere when using the work of Xingfeng capsule method
Control principle drawing, wherein Fig. 2 be ceramic sintering kiln in gas flow figure, Fig. 3 be using Xingfeng capsule method work when control
FB(flow block) processed.
Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 is the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of the utility model firing atmosphere when using inner air circulation control
Control principle drawing, wherein Fig. 4 be ceramic sintering kiln in gas flow figure, Fig. 5 be using inner air circulation control when control
FB(flow block) processed.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of the utility model firing atmosphere when using air-flow outer circulation control
Control principle drawing, wherein Fig. 6 be ceramic sintering kiln in gas flow figure, Fig. 7 be using air-flow outer circulation control when control
FB(flow block) processed.
Embodiment
The utility model proposes the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere, its structure is as shown in figure 1, outer including being incubated
Wall 3, area 1 and atmosphere generation area 2 are fired, fire area 1 and atmosphere generation area 2 in the inner chamber of insulation outer wall 3, fire area 1
Interior gas is connected with the gas in atmosphere generation area 2 by porous barrier 16, is fired and is divided between area 1 and atmosphere generation area 2
Not She You the gentle extracorporal circulatory system path 15 of gas circulation passage 9, gas circulation passage 9 be provided with it is interior circulation flashboard 7.Burn
The wall of 1 interior edge of area four processed is provided with upper heater 4, fires in area and is provided with support refractory slab 8, and base substrate to be burnt till is placed on support refractory slab 8, burns
The top in area 1 processed is provided with carbonmonoxide detector 17 and circulating air exports, and circulating air outlet is provided with air bleeding valve 5.Atmosphere generates
Area 2 is provided with charcoal frame 14, and the bottom of charcoal frame 14 is provided with lower heater 10, and the bottom of lower heater 10 is provided with a wind pipe, once
Wind pipeline is connected by First air control valve 12 with gas external circulation path 15, and gas external circulation path 15 is provided with circulating air
Master control valve 6.The side in atmosphere generation area 2 is provided with secondary air duct, and atmosphere generation area 2 passes through Secondary Air control valve 13 and gas
Extracorporal circulatory system path 15 is connected, and fresh air pipeline is connected by Xingfeng capsule valve 11 with gas external circulation path 15.
Kiln involved by the utility model is typically made up of two major parts, i.e. firing zone and atmosphere generation area.This
The main contents of utility model are exactly by controlling furnace gas to circulate the combustion that circulation collaboration atmosphere generates area between different zones
Reaction is burnt to produce the carbonomonoxide concentration (i.e. firing atmosphere) needed for firing zone.Furnace gas circulates circulation between different zones
The schemes such as including but not limited to interior circulation and outer circulation.
Reacting to each other between furnace gas component is predominantly following several：
C+O2=CO2(fresh air air inlet is sufficient, or oxygen content is higher in circulating air) (1)
2C+O2=2CO (it is relatively low that fresh air enters oxygen content in unsaturated vapor, or circulating air) (2)
C+CO2=2CO (circulating air and carbon source reaction) (3)
2CO+O2=2CO2(also Primordial Qi consumption) (4)
Pass through the intensity of several groups of reactions more than controlling, so that it may so that furnace atmosphere is maintained at a kind of state of stabilization, pass through
Algorithm control changes to correct the atmosphere brought after glaze and tire are chemically reacted in gas component and stove.
The utility model is achieved through the following technical solutions the control to above-mentioned chemical equation：
The first is control fresh air charge flow rate and intake channel.By controlling fresh air air inlet total amount, and by pipeline
Valve size be divided in portion fresh air to its corresponding intake channel, formula (1) and formula (2) can be controlled, while can also make
The formula that reacted in stove (3) or (4)；
For second the size for controlling internal circulating load in gas, by the flashboard in circulation passage can control in be circulated throughout
Cheng Zhong, furnace atmosphere turn again to the amount in atmosphere generation area, so as to control the intensity of reaction equation (3), and controlled to a certain degree
Reaction equation (1) and the progress of (2).
The third is by forcing air draft to promote furnace gases flowing towa taud, can discharge kiln by Valve control gas first
Or into gas circulation, so as to control the response intensity of reaction equation (3)；And by the control valve on external circulation path,
, according to circulating air and the contact situation in charcoal source, can be by reaction side to control whole circulating air with distribution circulation gas in-position
Formula (3) carries out raising and goes back original content or go back original content by the further consumption reduction of equation (4).
Corresponding flowed by gas controls the method for carbonomonoxide concentration in stove including but not limited to following three kinds：
Xingfeng capsule method, control resh air requirement big by adjusting fresh air air intake valve, an air valve and secondary air valve
It is small, so as to control carbon monoxide.
Interior loop control method, by opening and controlling air bleeding valve and interior circulation flashboard to control gas burner hearth internal gas to follow
The size of circular rector, so as to control carbonomonoxide concentration.
Outer circulation control methods, by controlling circulating flow rate and being divided in portion circulating air, by with charcoal reacting dose come
Control carbonomonoxide concentration.
By the code test of Lang Hong glaze in art ceramics, these three control methods can be adjusted effectively inside kiln
Carbon monoxide component concentration, condition perfection porcelain can be burnt out.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, structure and control mode of the present utility model is discussed in detail.
In ceramic sintering kiln of the present utility model, fire and use dividing plate 16 between area 1 and atmosphere generation 2 two, area region
Separate, 16 principal security of dividing plate, two respective operating temperatures in region, will not interact.Also it is distributed with dividing plate 16 simultaneously small
Hole so that atmosphere caused by atmosphere generation area 2, which can enter, fires area 1.The current path between two regions leads to simultaneously
Runner design and different Valve controllings are crossed, each valve adjacent is mounted on flowmeter to feed back real-time gas flow.
Ceramic kiln of the present utility model is exactly to generate area by controlling furnace gas to turn collaboration atmosphere in different zones inner recirculation flow
Combustion reaction, to produce required carbonomonoxide concentration, i.e. firing atmosphere.The measuring point of carbonomonoxide concentration detector 17 is arranged on kiln
Stove fires area 1.
The first control embodiment of ceramic sintering kiln of the present utility model is directly to use as shown in Figures 2 and 3
Xingfeng capsule method controls the working method of carbonomonoxide concentration, i.e., controls carbonomonoxide concentration by way of fresh air distribution, its
Middle Fig. 2 is gas flow figure in ceramic sintering kiln, and Fig. 3 is to utilize the control flow block diagram during work of Xingfeng capsule method.
As shown in Fig. 2 firing area 1 in kiln loads device to be painted enamel metal ware, it is simultaneously gentle by heating firing area 1 after fire door to close
Atmosphere generates area 2, it is heated up by predetermined process.
Reach preset temperature when firing the temperature of area 1, open the atmosphere generation fire door of area 2, by charcoal or other for producing one
The reactant (such as coke, machine-made carbon, firewood etc.) of carbonoxide loads on the atmosphere generation inner carbon frame 14 of area 2 as carbon source, afterwards
Close the atmosphere generation fire door of area 2.Outer loop valve 6 and interior circulation flashboard 7 are closed afterwards.It is stable to fire the temperature of area 1, and gradually rise
High atmosphere generates area's temperature.Open Xingfeng capsule valve 11, it is ensured that a certain amount of fresh air enters atmosphere generation area 2, keeps whole stove
It is interior that malleation is formed to the external world, prevent extraneous gas component enters uncontrolledly from firing region.Into atmosphere reaction zone 2 fresh air and
Charcoal reacts, and partial oxidation is converted into carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide.
Wherein fresh air air inflow needs to reach a certain specific threshold, and when resh air requirement is too small, caused CO content is then
It is not enough to replace the original gas fired in area 1 within a certain period of time.The threshold value is that expression can produce within the unit interval
The fresh air air inflow of most carbon monoxide.
Carry out in control climate, when to reduce fire 1 carbonomonoxide concentration of area when, can be with by driving big Xingfeng capsule valve 11
Increase fresh air air inflow, reaction equation is developed to carbon dioxide direction is produced, while excessive free oxygen may also be directly entered
Area 1 is fired, and carbon monoxide is reacted, the same can reduce of this process fires the carbonomonoxide concentration of area 1.When increasing again
When adding carbonomonoxide concentration in firing area 1, then resh air requirement is reduced, makes carbonomonoxide concentration close to the threshold of reaction.
By the feedback of carbon monoxide transducer, to control the size of Xingfeng capsule valve 11, so as to adjust fresh air air inflow
Size, realize control fire the carbonomonoxide concentration of area 1 (i.e. reducing atmosphere intensity) function.
Fresh air distribution system can also be introduced simultaneously, and directly control is partly into atmosphere generation into the flow direction of fresh air
Area 2 participates in charcoal reaction, and another part avoids its reaction with charcoal from realizing the effect of regulation as Secondary Air.
The process of the lifting of above-mentioned control carbonomonoxide concentration can realize Automated condtrol by computer.Pass through an oxygen
Change carbon sensor feedback and fire the concentration of area 1, and using designed algorithm output air inlet path and the circulation of exhaust line, Ke Yiyou
The control carbonomonoxide concentration amount of changing with time of effect, so as to meet whole ceramic firing process.Treat ceramic firing process knot
Shu Hou, the temperature for firing area 1 and atmosphere generation area 2 is reduced by technological requirement, and remove remaining charcoal, and keep a certain amount of new
Wind inputs, and furnace atmosphere is rapidly converted into the oxidation atmosphere needed for technique.Whole ceramic sintering process is subsequently completed, is managed
The ceramic thought.
As shown in Figure 4 and Figure 5, Fig. 4 is ceramics to second of control embodiment of ceramic sintering kiln of the present utility model
Gas flow figure in kiln is fired, Fig. 5 is to utilize control flow block diagram during inner air circulation control.This control mode uses gas
The working method of free convection loop control in body stove.
The temperature-rise period of early stage and load charcoal and to reach the process that reduction requires identical with the first control mode.Surely
Surely the temperature of area 1 is fired, and gradually rises the temperature in atmosphere generation area 2.Open the entrance of Xingfeng capsule valve 11, it is ensured that a certain amount of new
Wind enters atmosphere generation area 2, keeps forming malleation to the external world in whole stove, prevents extraneous gas component enters uncontrolledly from firing
Region.Gas circulation flashboard 7 is opened, forms the temperature difference between the high temperature of area 1 and airflow path due to firing, gas density becomes
Change, so as to form gas flowing as shown in Figure 4.Fire the gas of area 1 and atmosphere reaction zone 2, and wood are entered by gas flow
The secondary contact of charcoal, and react at high temperature, so as to which a certain amount of carbon dioxide component in gaseous mixture is converted into an oxidation
Carbon, and be again introduced into and fire area 1.With this reciprocal carbonomonoxide concentration improved in firing region, make up in ceramic sintering
Required reducing atmosphere environment.
After reducing environment atmosphere meets firing condition, the temperature for firing area 1 and atmosphere generation area 2 is entered by technological requirement
Row control.During firing temperature is ensured, also need to detect carbonomonoxide concentration (the i.e. reducing atmosphere fired in area 1 simultaneously
Intensity), after carbonomonoxide concentration meets and exceeds preset value, by reducing the passage sections of gas circulation flashboard 7, increase simultaneously
Add the opening of top vent 5, reduce internal circulating load, so as to reduce the carbonomonoxide concentration for firing area 1.
The process of the lifting of above-mentioned control carbonomonoxide concentration can realize Automated condtrol by computer.Pass through an oxygen
Change carbon sensor feedback and fire the concentration of area 1, and using designed algorithm output circulation road and the circulation of exhaust line, Ke Yiyou
The control carbonomonoxide concentration amount of changing with time of effect, so as to meet whole ceramic firing process.
Burn till and temperature-fall period is identical with the first control mode.
As shown in Figure 6 and Figure 7, Fig. 6 is ceramics to the third control embodiment of ceramic sintering kiln of the present utility model
Gas flow figure in kiln is fired, Fig. 7 is to utilize control flow block diagram during air-flow outer circulation control.
Present embodiment uses the working method of the outer forced convection loop control of gas stove, while passes through what circulating air distributed
Mode controls carbonomonoxide concentration.
Early stage heats up, and the process above two control mode for loading charcoal and reaching reduction requirement is identical, such as Fig. 6 institutes
Show, be first shut off air bleeding valve 5, interior circulation flashboard 7, open circulation road and control, 6, gas is entered outer circulation working method.
When to reduce firing 1 carbonomonoxide concentration of area, by controlling circulating air to dispense valve, i.e. a He of air valve 12
Secondary air valve 13 is adjusted, and reduces primary air flow, that is, reduces the circulating flow rate with charcoal contact, while Secondary Air is passed through
Atmosphere generation area's top-side, which is introduced directly into, fires area 1.The gas of this part is not engaged in CO production reactions, simultaneously because bottom
Leads to new breeze and the synergy of exhaust so that firing the carbonomonoxide concentration in area 1 reduces.The oxidation of area 1 one is fired when to increase
During concentration of carbon, increase an aperture of air valve 12, improve primary air flow, that is, increase the reacting dose of charcoal and circulating air；Subtract simultaneously
Few secondary aperture of air valve 13, that is, reduce circulating air and be directly entered the tolerance into firing area 1.Pass through the anti-of carbon monoxide transducer
Feedback, and the control to air valve 12 of circulating air and secondary air valve 13, it can effectively adjust one fired inside area 1
Aoxidize concentration of carbon (i.e. reducing atmosphere intensity).
Burn till and temperature-fall period is also identical with the first control mode.
Claims (1)
1. the controllable ceramic sintering kiln of a kind of firing atmosphere, it is characterised in that including insulation outer wall, fire area and atmosphere generation
Area, area and atmosphere generation area are fired in the inner chamber of insulation outer wall, fire the gas in the gas and atmosphere generation area in area
It is connected by porous barrier, being respectively equipped with the gentle extracorporal circulatory system of gas circulation passage between firing area and atmosphere generation area leads to
Road, gas circulation passage are provided with interior circulation flashboard；The described wall of firing area interior edge four is provided with upper heater, fires and is set in area
There is support refractory slab, base substrate to be burnt till is placed on support refractory slab, and the top for firing area goes out provided with carbonmonoxide detector and circulating air
Mouthful, circulating air outlet is provided with air bleeding valve；Described atmosphere generation area is provided with charcoal frame, and the bottom of charcoal frame is provided with lower heater, under
The bottom of heater is provided with a wind pipe, and a wind pipe is connected by First air control valve with gas external circulation path,
Gas external circulation path is provided with circulating air master control valve；The side in atmosphere generation area is provided with secondary air duct, atmosphere generation area
It is connected by Secondary Air control valve with gas external circulation path, fresh air pipeline passes through Xingfeng capsule valve and gas external circulation path
It is connected.
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| CN201720204212.0U CN206724681U (en) | 2017-03-03 | 2017-03-03 | A kind of controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106839757A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-13 | 杭州志在材料科技有限公司 | A kind of controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere |
| CN108362133A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-03 | 鲁山县段店花瓷非物质文化遗产开发有限公司 | The energy conservation and environmental protection kiln furnitures of flower porcelain firing |
| CN110173992A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-27 | 韩国(株)Sti | A kind of electric kiln |
-
2017
- 2017-03-03 CN CN201720204212.0U patent/CN206724681U/en active Active
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106839757A (en) * | 2017-03-03 | 2017-06-13 | 杭州志在材料科技有限公司 | A kind of controllable ceramic sintering kiln of firing atmosphere |
| CN108362133A (en) * | 2018-03-19 | 2018-08-03 | 鲁山县段店花瓷非物质文化遗产开发有限公司 | The energy conservation and environmental protection kiln furnitures of flower porcelain firing |
| CN110173992A (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2019-08-27 | 韩国(株)Sti | A kind of electric kiln |
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