CN206656331U - A kind of membrane type steam generator - Google Patents

Abstract

Membrane type steam generator is the utility model is related to, by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipe, goes out vapour water return pipeline and forms, the feedwater piping includes water main and subfeeder, feeds water and flow to subfeeder end from water main entrance point；Going out vapour water return pipeline includes vapour return main and goes out vapour return branch；Water main is accepted in one end of film-type evaporation pipe and/or subfeeder, the other end connect out vapour return main and/or go out vapour return branch；Up exported from high-order steam output end of steam gone out in vapour return branch imports out vapour return main, and backwater is descending to import out vapour return main from low level backwater end；The steam gone out in vapour return main is further up to be separated with backwater, is finally exported by steam outlet, and backwater is further descending to be separated with steam, is finally collected by backwater outlet output into watering cycle tank, then realize make-up cooling water after being supplemented.The advantages of having taken into account drum formula boiler and once-through boiler, while the shortcomings that turn avoid them, there is promotional value.

Description

A kind of membrane type steam generator

Technical field

The utility model belongs to steam generating equipment technical field, and in particular to a kind of membrane type steam generator.

Background technology

The energy has critical role in national economy life, and all trades and professions all be unable to do without the energy.Industrial water steam（One Steam is referred to as down）It is a kind of main energy carrier（Heat energy, potential energy, kinetic energy）；The equipment of steam production is mainly industrial pot Stove, the various fuel such as coal, combustion gas, fuel oil or biomass are converted into heat energy, potential energy by chemical energy by Industrial Boiler（Kinetic energy）, Heat energy is provided for production equipment, facility and living facilities etc.；Power plant provides potential energy heat energy by boiler for steam turbine, is converted into hair The kinetic energy power generation of group of motors.So the Industrial Boiler as production steam plays an important roll in the industrial production.

Existing Industrial Boiler is divided in a manner of heated vaporization of feeding water mainly drum boiler, nature（Or force）It is circulating Boiler, single flow（Three kinds of horizontal type, vertical-type, horizontal vertical mixed type forms）Boiler, in accompanying drawing 1 to 3 and accompanying drawing 4 to 6 Five kinds of shown situations.Drum boiler and nature（Or force）Drum of the circulation boiler all with steam separation, so system Referred to as drum formula boiler；Drum formula boiler will accomplish safe and reliable operation under HTHP due to the major diameter long length of drum Cylinder wall thickness must be just increased, equipment manufacturing cost cost is high；During boiler operatiopn, system must keep certain water；With a life Exemplified by the drum formula boiler for producing 10t/h steam, water drum and heated tubulation total measurement (volume) are 12m thereon³, steamdrum during normal operation Interior liquid level maintains 40~80%, and system liquid holdup about 10~11t water, black furnace starts to normal supply steam after parking every time, needs Consume 1~2 hour and this 10~11t water is first heated to saturation point more than demand steam pressure, could normal steam supply；Blowing out Then need cooling decompression in 18~24 hours.It is natural（Or force）Circulation boiler is complicated, to avoid bringing into boiler feedwater Salt in header enrichment method, it is necessary to set many places emission point periodical blowdown.Drum formula boiler in steam supply load variations, Need that integrated water-feeding is adjusted, lifting load needs a slow process.Direct current cooker does not have drum, system liquid holdup Only the 1/2~1/4 of drum formula boiler, it is only necessary to which absorbing less heat just can make feedwater reach the boiling under pressure of steam supply Point；It is the steam that can be supplied to rated temperature and pressure that black furnace, which is lighted a fire about 40~45 minutes,；Blowing out needs about 25 minutes.Direct current cooker There is no circulatory function, feed water and go out system disposably by completing heating, vaporization, mistake in heat pipe from into system to steam Thermal process, this requires that heating tubulation need to accomplish that sufficient length could be realized；Need to set special system, to start pot There are enough feedwater not burnt out by heat pipe, saturation heat pipe because of overheat during stove；Direct current cooker is in heat pipe heating procedure In the case of fixation, if fuel and feedwater are out of proportion, direct current cooker cannot ensure to supply qualified steam；Therefore, direct current pot Stove to automatically adjust and control system require it is higher；Due to being disposably by the way that direct current cooker can not carry out blowdown, in feedwater Salt branch influences economy, the safe operation of boiler in heat pipe encrustation, and therefore, direct current cooker feedwater requires high, water process Investment and operating cost are higher；Due to being disposably by working medium in direct current cooker heat pipe（Industrial soft water）Fully rely on to The pressure of water pump flows through all heating surfaces, and has larger mass flow；So feedwater pump discharge pressure is very higher, It is big to consume power.

In summary described, existing Industrial Boiler has following deficiency：

1st, drum formula boiler due to drum it is heavy, specialty metal dosage is big；Drum is heavy, manufacture, installation, transport inconvenience；

2nd, drum formula steam generator system liquid holdup is huge, driving and parking time length；

3rd, the reaction of drum formula boiler lifting load is slow, and driving and parking energy waste is big；

4th, drum formula boiler structure is complicated, and system circulation has dead angle, it is necessary to set many places emission point blowdown；

5th, the driving and parking energy waste of drum formula boiler is big；

6th, direct current cooker heat pipe long flow path；

7th, direct current cooker needs to set specialized system to handle heat pipe burning pipe problem when driving；

8th, direct current cooker to automatically adjust and control system require it is higher；

9th, direct current cooker is invested to water process and operating cost is high；

10th, direct current cooker feed pump power consumption is big.

Utility model content

The utility model aims to overcome that existing Industrial Boiler equipment is heavy, cost is high, the driving and parking time is long, opened Parking energy waste is big, load response is slow, complicated, heat pipe long flow path, automatically adjusts and control system requires high, water The deficiencies of processing investment and operating cost are high, feed pump power consumption is big, there is provided one kind has drum formula boiler and direct current cooker advantage concurrently A kind of membrane type steam generator, have it is light-duty, specialty metal dosage is few, the driving and parking time is short, structure rapid to load response Simply, driving and parking energy waste is small, heat pipe stream is not long, to automatically adjusting and control system requirement is general, feedwater requires and expense With the main operation characteristic such as general, feed pump power consumption is general.

The technical scheme in the invention for solving the above technical problem is：A kind of membrane type steam generator, mainly by Waterpipe, film-type evaporation pipe, go out vapour water return pipeline composition, the feedwater piping includes water main and subfeeder, feed water from Water main entrance point flow to subfeeder end, a direction flowing is kept, without dead angle；It is described go out vapour water return pipeline include Go out vapour return main and go out vapour return branch；Water main and/or subfeeder are accepted in one end of the film-type evaporation pipe, another Terminate pass-out vapour return main and/or go out vapour return branch, feed water and film-type evaporation pipe is assigned to by water main or subfeeder, Feedwater is flowed in film-type evaporation inside pipe wall in liquid film along tube wall, and film-type evaporation pipe is heated, and liquid film heating is directly vaporized into saturation steaming Vapour, steam flow into out vapour return main with liquid film or go out vapour return branch, and unboiled feedwater is as backwater；Go out vapour The mixture of steam or steam and part backwater in return branch is up to import out vapour return main from the output of high-order steam output end, The mixture of backwater or backwater and some vapor is descending to import out vapour return main from low level backwater end；Going out vapour return main has High-order steam outlet, and the backwater outlet of low level, the steam gone out in vapour return main is further up to be separated with backwater, most Being exported afterwards by steam outlet, backwater is further descending to be separated with steam, is finally collected by backwater outlet output into watering cycle tank, Make-up cooling water is realized after being supplemented again.

The above-mentioned external condensate make-up piping of watering cycle tank, backwater and supplement water（Industrial soft water）Mixed in watering cycle tank Close, water main is delivered to constant flow and pressure by feed pump, so circulation.

Preferably, sewage draining exit is provided with water return pipeline, blowdown can be implemented according to the concrete condition of backwater water quality, evaporated During, impurity content can gradually rise in feedwater, be to constantly update based on liquid film, constantly flow, impurity is not easy in tube wall Interior formation salt efflorescence, but backwater, compared to feedwater, its salinity or impurity content are higher, therefore, right depending on specific actual job situation It is just very necessary that backwater regularly carries out purification blowdown.

Preferably, feed pressure and the saturated vapor pressure difference for going out vapour return main output are constant, pressure difference control ranges In 0.1~0.4MPa, the control of feed-water quality flow is 2~5 times of rated capacity；Feedwater preferably controls with saturated vapor pressure difference In 0.2~0.3MPa.So the power consumption of feed pump is steady, less, plus small pump power consumption, total power consumption is only than drum formula boiler About 10~25% are had more, and the direct current cooker feed pump power consumption for evaporating scale on an equal basis is about 5~8 times of drum formula boiler.

Different pressures heat energy distribution closeness residing for the pipe according to residing for film-type evaporation pipe each point in systems is different, The film-type evaporation pipe of multi-form and different size is set；The flow and pressure provided due to feed pump is constant, evaporator The film-type evaporation intraluminal fluid film distribution of each point is also stable.Because kestner long-tube evaporator feedwater is excessive, so, in heat pipe Wall liquid film is stable, will not rupture or stop, and in the absence of heat transfer deterioration phenomenon, any variation of load does not interfere with system peace Row for the national games, so, evaporator system does not need once-through boiler strict control system accurate like that.

The membrane type steam generator of the application only by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipeline, go out vapour water return pipeline and form, do not have Bulky drum, coal burner, gas fuel burner heat supply evaporator system in, light-duty framework can be used, will be whole Individual steam generator system lightweight is set；Due to no evaporator and drum inner storing water, during start-stop, steam generation Device each several part heats and cooling all more easily reachs uniformly；In the case of cold conditions driving, after fuel normal combustion heat supply, evaporator Only need 2~5 minutes steam that qualified temperature and pressure can be normally provided；Because feedwater is circulating-heating in evaporator system , so, evaporation tube need not be needed as direct current cooker it is sufficiently long heating, vaporescence and very long heating is set Pipe.Feedwater is distributed with film state thick 0.1~0.3mm in film-type evaporation pipe, so, liquid holdup is considerably less in whole evaporator；With Exemplified by the membrane type steam generator of 10t/h evaporation capacity, liquid holdup about 0.2~0.3m in whole evaporator³, liquid holdup in evaporation tube About 0.03~0.06m³, and 10t/h drum formula boiler total liquid inventories are 10.2~11.2m³, tubulation liquid holdup about 5.7m3, membrane type Evaporator synthesis liquid holdup is only the 1/100~1/200 of drum formula boiler, and heat-energy losses are seldom during system driving and parking.By Few in the heating target water of film-type evaporation pipe, vaporization capacity is big, is balanced in evaporator between heat energy supply and soft water vaporization Rapidly, evaporator is fast to outside load variations strain responses；By the output steam pressure of generator and fuel feedstock Combustion System Interlocking, control fuel supply immediately can be changed according to output pressure, you can reach the linear control realized between fuel-load System, can accomplish steady steam supply in the case of the larger and frequent variation of outside load change.

Further, the feedwater of the application film-type evaporation generator is to enter steam backwater house steward by water main to go out, and is One one-way process, without dead angle, whole smooth in water flow circulation；Backwater after concentration can go out returning for vapour return main rear end Blowdown is carried out in water lines, it is not necessary to separately set multiple blowdown points；Because the feedwater with dirt eliminating function, kestner long-tube evaporator can be held Row drum formula boiler feedwater standard, it is not necessary to the water processing establishment investment of high request and operating cost.Membrane type steam generator system Watering cycle and heat energy supply are only required in system driving, relatively easy, it is not necessary to separately to set driving processing system.To auxiliary equipment It is it is required that low.

Film-type evaporation pipe is fed water by top distributes cloth film section, middle part film-type evaporation section and bottom vapor-liquid separation section composition.

Top feedwater distribution cloth film section includes filming device, controls feedwater feedstock direction and inlet amount to make directly by the filming device Connect along wall film forming, or the uniform cloth film of the equal membrane device reallocation of combination, liquid film is contacted under initial flow rate and Action of Gravity Field along wall Heating surface is flowed down with uniform moisture film shape.

Middle part film-type evaporation section, heat pipe provide heat energy to radiate in pipe external heat source with convection current conduction pattern, and liquid film is continuous Alternately flow so that liquid film entirety thermally equivalent, feedwater absorb heat energy after it is direct by liquid phase carburation by evaporation, the vapour phase steam of vaporization Heat pipe central space is diffused into, without overcoming the resistance of liquid phase moisture film.

Bottom vapor-liquid separation section is made up of vapor phase exit and liquid-phase outlet, and vapor phase exit is opened on the top of liquid-phase outlet Mouth direction is different；Vapor guides with unboiled water to different directions, forms steam stream and fluid course.Vapour-liquid is avoided to mix Influence each other, in favor of the steam in the confined space and water quick separating and circulation.Phase is efficiently separated there is sufficient space In the case of, this bottom segregation section can be omitted, and water vapour and water are directly exported by evaporation tube.

The filming device of the application mainly has several forms：Plate hole formula filming device, pitting filming device, plate ring type filming device and Spiral filming device.

Plate hole formula filming device is to be distributed 2~20 inlet openings, water inlet downwards along heat pipe tangential direction on the shrouding of top Hole is circular, square or rectangle, and its sectional area is suitable with 0.5~5mm of Φ circular hole, and the quantity and specification of water inlet are according to this The evaporation task setting of heat pipe.

Pitting filming device is below the shrouding of top, along the distribution 2~20 downwards of heat pipe tangential direction on heat pipe Individual inlet opening；Inlet opening can be circular, square or rectangle, and its sectional area is suitable with 0.5~5mm circular hole, inlet opening Quantity and specification are according to the evaporation task setting of the heat pipe.

Plate ring type filming device be on the shrouding of top to heated tube wall direction set a ring formula water inlet, according to this by The evaporation load of heat pipe sets lower end discharge ring gap in 0.02~0.5mm.

Spiral filming device is the circle for setting a 0.5~10mm according to the heat pipe evaporation load on the shrouding of top Hole inlet opening, the circular hole lower end set corresponding specification spiral spray thrower, by top intake with umbrella covering of the fan be ejected into by Heat pipe inner wall face.

For common job state, the cloth film effect that several filming devices of the above are ejected into the water of wall has reached using mesh 's；Can also be several more than, the filming device lower end increase sets equal film ring, it would be possible to because of the liquid being splashed at a high speed outside wall Drop is guided to wall so that feedwater is flowed down with ring-shaped liquid film along wall.

Further, the specification of membrane type steam-generating tube is DN20~DN200 boiler special steel pipe, and draw ratio l/d exists Between 50~200；Length ratio shared by top feedwater distribution cloth film section and bottom vapor-liquid separation section is the 1~2% of entire length, Water is full of in filming device and with upper bit, all liquid film coverings of the following tubulation inwall of filming device, thickness of liquid film is in 0.05~1mm Between, thickness of liquid film is average between 0.1~0.2mm under common situation.

The film-type evaporation pipe of the application has that disengagement area is big, heat transfer coefficient is big, heat transfer efficiency is stable（It will not conduct heat Corruptions）, heat pipe wall temperature relative constancy and low（See patent：One film-type evaporation pipe）, for producing same specification and production The steam of amount, kestner long-tube evaporator system is interior to require lower than existing boiler to burner heat supply temperature, and existing boiler is due to heat transfer Corruptions cause overall heat transfer efficiency not high, and disengagement area is small, can only be by improving temperature come quasi-complement heat transfer efficiency With the deficiency of disengagement area；The fire box temperature of existing boiler is normally controlled in 900~1100 DEG C, sometime up to 1200~1300 DEG C, it is seen that the ignition temperature of flame can be very high；The combustion chamber temperature of kestner long-tube evaporator is only 500~800 DEG C, and flame temperature is relatively low Much, low-temperature burning can effectively suppress NO in combustion gas_XGeneration；And low-temperature burning reduces the volatilization of fuel lime-ash, so as to subtract Few heat pipe surface accumulated slag, avoids heat transfer deterioration between combustion gas and heat pipe.

The film-type evaporation pipe that the application uses has independence, can independent assortment as needed so that evaporator can be with Different types of heat supply condition is adapted to, grate firing type coal or biomass chain boiler heat supply can be used, it can also be used to coal dust, combustion gas, combustion Oil burner heat supply.

In summary, by kestner long-tube evaporator of the present utility model and drum formula boiler and once-through boiler by production same specification With scale steam or be converted into same specification and contrasted with the steam of scale, contrast is as follows：

The advantages of membrane type steam generator of the application has taken into account drum formula boiler and once-through boiler, turn avoid simultaneously They the shortcomings that, there is promotional value.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 is drum boiler steam generation structure；

Fig. 1：1 heating tube, 2 combustion chambers

Fig. 2 is nature（Force）Combined-circulation once-through boiler；

Fig. 2：1 drum, 2 downflow heated tubes, 3 headers, 4 rise heat pipe

Fig. 3 is spirally wound tubes formula direct current cooker；

Fig. 3：1 combustion chamber, 2 horizontal heat pipes

Fig. 4 is to rewind pipeloop formula direct current cooker；

Fig. 5 is another structure for rewinding pipeloop formula direct current cooker；

Fig. 4-5：1 horizontal heat pipe, 2 heated vertical pipes, 3 headers

Fig. 6 is Vertical Water-wall Once-through Boiler；

Fig. 6：1 heated vertical pipe, 2, header

Fig. 7 is the typical curve that saturation water seethes with excitement on horizontal heating surface；

Fig. 8 is the structural representation of first kind heat transfer deterioration；

Fig. 9 is the structural representation of the second class heat transfer deterioration；

Figure 10 is the structural representation of the application film-type evaporation；

Figure 11 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Single venthole type）Sectional view；

Figure 12 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Single venthole type）Side view；

Figure 13 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Double venthole types）Sectional view；

Figure 14 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Double venthole types）Side view；

Figure 15 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 16 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 17 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 18 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 15-18：1 tube wall, 2 distribution grids, 3 inlet openings, 4 equal film rings

Figure 19 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 20 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 21 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 22 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 19-22：1 tube wall, 2 shroudings, 3 inlet openings, 4 equal film rings

Figure 23 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 24 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 25 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 26 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 23-26：Water ring, 4 equal film rings are entered in 1 tube wall, 2 distribution grids, 3

Figure 27 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 28 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 29 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；

Figure 30 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；

Figure 27-30：1 tube wall, 2 distribution grids, 3 inlet openings, 4 equal film rings, 5 spray heads, 6 gussets, 7 balance pipes

Figure 31 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Grate firing type）Side view；

Figure 32 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Grate firing type）Stereogram；

Figure 31-32：1 water main, 2 subfeeders, 3 film-type evaporation pipes, 4 go out vapour return branch, 5 go out vapour return main, 6 Circulating tank, 7 feed pumps.

Figure 33 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Coal dust firing formula heat supply）Stereogram；

Figure 34 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Gas fuel heat-supply type）Stereogram.

Embodiment

The utility model is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.

As shown in figure 1, the membrane type steam generator in the present embodiment, mainly by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipe 3, go out vapour Water return pipeline forms, and feedwater piping includes water main 1 and subfeeder 2, feeds water and flow to feedwater branch from the entrance point of water main 1 The end of pipe 2, a direction flowing is kept, without dead angle.Going out vapour water return pipeline includes vapour return main 5 and goes out vapour return branch 4.Water main 1 and/or subfeeder 2 are accepted in one end of film-type evaporation pipe 3, and the other end connects out vapour return main 5 and goes out vapour and returns Water branch pipe 4, feed water and film-type evaporation pipe 3 is assigned to by water main 1 and subfeeder 2, it is in liquid to feed water in the inwall of film-type evaporation pipe 3 Film flows along tube wall, and film-type evaporation pipe 3 is heated, and liquid film heating is directly vaporized into saturated vapor, steam with liquid film flow into Enter out vapour return main or go out vapour return branch, unboiled feedwater is as backwater；The steam or steam gone out in vapour return branch With the mixture of part backwater is up imports out vapour return main, backwater or backwater and some vapor from the output of high-order steam output end Mixture is descending to import out vapour return main from low level backwater end；Going out vapour return main has high-order steam outlet, and low The backwater outlet of position, the steam gone out in vapour return main is further up to be separated with backwater, is finally exported, returned by steam outlet Water is further descending to be separated with steam, is finally collected by backwater outlet output into watering cycle tank 6,6 external supplement of watering cycle tank Waterpipe, backwater and supplement water（Industrial soft water）Mixed in watering cycle tank 6, by feed pump 7 with constant flow and pressure Water main is delivered to, so circulation.

Sewage draining exit is provided with water return pipeline, blowdown can be implemented according to the concrete condition of backwater water quality.

Feed pressure and go out vapour return main output saturated vapor pressure difference be it is constant, pressure difference control range 0.1~ 0.4MPa, the control of feed-water quality flow are 2~5 times of rated capacity；Feedwater and saturated vapor pressure difference be preferably controlled in 0.2~ 0.3MPa.So the power consumption of feed pump is steady, less, plus small pump power consumption, total power consumption only has more about 10 than drum formula boiler ~25%, and the direct current cooker feed pump power consumption for evaporating scale on an equal basis is about 5~8 times of drum formula boiler.

As shown in Figure 11 to 14, the membrane type steam-generating tube in the present embodiment, it is fed water by top and distributes cloth film section I, in Portion film-type evaporation section II and bottom vapor-liquid separation section III compositions.

Top feedwater distribution cloth film section I includes filming device 1, controls feedwater feedstock direction and inlet amount to make directly by filming device 1 Connect along wall film forming, liquid film is contacted heating surface along wall with uniform moisture film shape stream under initial flow rate and Action of Gravity Field.

Middle part film-type evaporation section II, heat pipe provide heat energy, inside pipe wall to radiate in pipe external heat source with convection current conduction pattern Liquid film constantly alternately flow so that liquid film entirety thermally equivalent, feedwater absorb heat energy after by liquid phase carburation by evaporation, the steaming of vaporization Vapour is directly diffused into heat pipe central space, and without overcoming the resistance of liquid phase moisture film, steam drills conduit running with liquid film.

Bottom vapor-liquid separation section III is made up of vapor phase exit a and liquid-phase outlet b, and vapor phase exit and liquid-phase outlet can be set More than one is put, two or more.Vapor phase exit a is open towards different on liquid-phase outlet b top；Vapor with Unboiled water guides to different directions, forms steam stream and fluid course.

It should be noted that in the case where there is sufficient space to efficiently separate phase, this bottom segregation section can omit, Water vapour and backwater are directly exported by evaporation tube.

The filming device that feedwater distribution cloth film section in top is set mainly has several forms：Plate hole formula filming device, pitting cloth film Device, plate ring type filming device and spiral filming device.

As shown in Figure 15 to 18, plate hole formula filming device be on the shrouding of top along heat pipe tangential direction downwards distribution 2~ 20 inlet openings, inlet opening are circular, square or rectangle or other shapes, and sectional area is suitable with 0.5~5mm of Φ circular hole, The quantity and specification of water inlet are according to the evaporation task setting of the heat pipe.Plate hole formula filming device film-type evaporation in the present embodiment Pipe, evaporation tube 76 × 4mm of specification, inlet opening bore 1mm, water inlet hole number n=7, evaporation tube overall length l=15m.

As shown in Figure 19 to 22, pitting filming device is below the shrouding of top, along heat pipe tangent line side on heat pipe To 2~20 inlet openings of downward distribution；Inlet opening can be circular, square or rectangle or other shapes, sectional area and Φ 0.5 ~5mm circular hole is suitable, and the quantity and specification of inlet opening are according to the evaporation task setting of the heat pipe.Pitting filming device membrane type Evaporation tube, evaporation tube 51 × 3mm of specification, inlet opening bore 0.5mm, water inlet hole number n=3, evaporation tube overall length l=3m.

As shown in Figure 23 to 26, plate ring type filming device is to set a ring formula to heated tube wall direction on the shrouding of top Water inlet, lower end discharge ring gap is set in 0.02~0.5mm according to the evaporation load of the heat pipe.In the present embodiment, plate ring Formula filming device film-type evaporation pipe, evaporation tube 89 × 5mm of specification, the wide 0.04mm of circumferential weld, circumferential weld diameter 70, evaporation tube overall length l= 16m。

As shown in Figure 27 to 30, spiral filming device is to set one according to the heat pipe evaporation load on the shrouding of top 0.5~10mm of Φ circular hole inlet opening, the spiral spray thrower of corresponding specification is set in the circular hole lower end, top is intake with umbrella Shape covering of the fan is ejected into heat pipe internal face.In the present embodiment, spiral filming device film-type evaporation pipe, evaporation tube specification 51 × 3mm, inlet opening bore 2mm, evaporation tube overall length l=2.8m, evaporation tube head and the tail set pipe screw thread.

The increase of the lower end of filming device 1 sets equal film ring（Equal membrane device）, it would be possible to because of the drop guiding being splashed at a high speed outside wall To wall so that feedwater is flowed down with ring-shaped liquid film along wall.

In membrane type steam-generating tube, as shown in Figure 10, feed water and biography is evaporated with the state of very thin moisture film, flowing Heat, heat transfer coefficient is performed into maximum, reaches 30000~40000W/m^2·℃.Evaporate liquid phase gasifying surface area in tubulation Maximum is performed to, is 50~500 times of lateral cross-sectional area.In contrast to the vapour of water in drum formula and the heated tubulation of once-through boiler Change form, same area are heated tubulation, in the case of same phase temperature difference, vaporization capacity be approximately their 250~ 2500 times；Feedwater, without the vaporization of fluidized state, is given with liquid film state direct boiling vapour phase into pipe in membrane type steam-generating tube The temperature difference that water will not occur as shown in Figure 7 with tube wall rises first kind heat transfer deterioration shown in rate of heat transfer decline and accompanying drawing 8 and showed As.Also, the heat transfer coefficient of film-type evaporation is not influenceed by vapour phase pressure change, the evaporating temperature of liquid in pipe with it only than connecing Tactile saturated-steam temperature is high 0.5~2 DEG C；In film-type evaporation pipe, industrial soft water constantly supplies from top spray, liquid film flow Much larger than in-tube evaporation amount, so, liquid film breakage, cutout phenomenon are not had in film-type evaporation pipe；Heated inside pipe wall is protected by liquid film Protect, maintain high and stable rate of heat transfer vaporization all the time, heat transfer deterioration phenomenon will not occur.

The application is in production instance

1st, production steam 10t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators, grate firing type chain furnace heat supply, its structure are for example attached Figure 31, shown in 32；The pump discharge that feeds water 20t/h, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.2MPa, water main specification 108 × 5, subfeeder rule Lattice 51 × 3, go out vapour return main specification 219 × 7, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4, caliber 51mm, l=2.8m membrane types Evaporation tube 140, caliber 51mm, l=2.5m film-type evaporations pipe 759, total heat exchange area 330m²。

2nd, steam 20t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators, coal burner heat supply, its structure such as accompanying drawing are produced Shown in 33；The pump discharge that feeds water 40t/h, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.3MPa, water main specification 159 × 6, subfeeder specification 51 × 3, go out vapour return main specification 273 × 8, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4,133 × 6, caliber 76mm, l=15m films Formula evaporation tube 200, caliber 51mm, l=3m film-type evaporations pipe 1155, total heat exchange area 1140m²。

3rd, steam 5t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators are produced, fuel-firing gas-firing burner heat supply, its structure is such as Shown in accompanying drawing 34；The pump discharge that feeds water 10t/h, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.2MPa, water main specification 89 × 5, subfeeder specification 51 × 3, go out vapour return main specification 159 × 6, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4, caliber 51mm, l=2.1m membrane types steam Send out pipe 150, caliber 51mm, l=1.8m film-type evaporations pipe 420, total heat exchange area 155m²。

Produce steam 10t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators, gas burner heat supply, feedwater pump discharge 10t/ H, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.2MPa, water main specification 89 × 5, subfeeder specification 51 × 3, vapour return main's specification is gone out 159 × 6, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4, caliber 51mm, l=2.1m film-type evaporations pipe 150, caliber 51mm, l= 1.8m film-type evaporations pipe 420, total heat exchange area 155m²。

A kind of membrane type steam generator described in this patent, only its system wherein occurs principle, the process at steam position Be illustrated with characteristic, do not influence the utility model intention expressed intact and will be relative in its characteristic and existing boiler Funtion part is answered to be contrasted；To other parts in generator system such as overall architecture, fuel system, combustion type, air-supply system System, vent gas treatment etc., known structure corresponding in existing boiler, system are same as, is repeated no more here.

Evaporation structure shown in this patent, only illustrates the signal of its principle, process and characteristic, and actual production manufactures not only It is limited to this.

Claims (8)

1. A kind of 1. membrane type steam generator, it is characterised in that：Mainly by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipe, go out vapour water return pipeline group Into,

   The feedwater piping includes water main and subfeeder, feeds water and flow to subfeeder end from water main entrance point； It is described go out vapour water return pipeline include vapour return main and going out vapour return branch；It is total that feedwater is accepted in one end of the film-type evaporation pipe Pipe and/or subfeeder, the other end connect out vapour return main and/or go out vapour return branch, feed water by water main or feedwater branch Pipe is assigned to film-type evaporation pipe, feeds water and is flowed in film-type evaporation inside pipe wall in liquid film along tube wall, and film-type evaporation pipe is heated, liquid film liter Into saturated vapor, steam flows into out vapour return main with liquid film or goes out vapour return branch, unboiled for warm direct boiling Feedwater as backwater；

   Up exported from high-order steam output end of steam or steam and the mixture of part backwater gone out in vapour return branch imports out vapour The mixture of return main, backwater or backwater and some vapor is descending to import out vapour return main from low level backwater end；Go out vapour to return Supply mains has high-order steam outlet, and a backwater outlet of low level, the steam gone out in vapour return main further it is up with Backwater separate, finally exported by steam outlet, backwater further it is descending is separated with steam, finally by backwater export output collect into Watering cycle tank, then realize make-up cooling water after being supplemented.
2. 2. membrane type steam generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The film-type evaporation pipe is by top to moisture Film section, middle part film-type evaporation section and bottom vapor-liquid separation section composition are allocated,

   The top feedwater distribution cloth film section includes filming device, controls feedwater feedstock direction and inlet amount to make directly by the filming device Connect along wall film forming, or the uniform cloth film of the equal membrane device reallocation of combination, liquid film is contacted under initial flow rate and Action of Gravity Field along wall Heating surface is flowed down with uniform moisture film shape；

   The middle part film-type evaporation section, heat pipe provide heat energy to radiate in pipe external heat source with convection current conduction pattern, and liquid film is continuous Alternately flow so that liquid film entirety thermally equivalent, feedwater absorb heat energy after it is direct by liquid phase carburation by evaporation, the vapour phase steam of vaporization It is diffused into heat pipe central space；

   The bottom vapor-liquid separation section is made up of vapor phase exit and liquid-phase outlet, and vapor phase exit is opened on the top of liquid-phase outlet Mouth direction is different；Vapor guides with unboiled water to different directions, forms steam stream and fluid course.
3. 3. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The filming device mainly has several forms： Plate hole formula filming device, pitting filming device, plate ring type filming device and spiral filming device；Plate hole formula filming device is in top shrouding On along heat pipe tangential direction, 2~20 inlet openings of distribution, inlet opening be circular, square or rectangle downwards, its sectional area and 0.5~5mm of Φ circular hole is suitable, and the quantity and specification of water inlet are according to the evaporation task setting of the heat pipe；

   Pitting filming device is below the shrouding of top, and along heat pipe tangential direction, distribution 2~20 is entered downwards on heat pipe Water hole；Inlet opening can be circular, square or rectangle, and its sectional area is suitable with 0.5~5mm circular hole, the quantity of inlet opening Evaporation task setting with specification according to the heat pipe；

   Plate ring type filming device is to set a ring formula water inlet to heated tube wall direction on the shrouding of top, according to the heat pipe Evaporation load set lower end discharge ring gap in 0.02~0.5mm；

   Spiral filming device is that the circular hole for setting a 0.5~10mm according to the heat pipe evaporation load on the shrouding of top enters Water hole, the spiral spray thrower of corresponding specification is set in the circular hole lower end, top is intake heat pipe is ejected into umbrella covering of the fan Internal face.
4. 4. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The thickness of the film-type evaporation inside pipe wall moisture film Spend for 0.1~0.3mm.
5. 5. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The specification of the film-type evaporation pipe is DN20 ~DN200 boiler special steel pipe, draw ratio l/d is between 50~200；Top feedwater distribution cloth film section and bottom vapor-liquid separation Duan Suozhan length ratios are the 1~2% of entire length.
6. 6. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The film-type evaporation pipe can with system in combination To be welding or screw connection structure.
7. 7. membrane type steam generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The external supplement water pipe of watering cycle tank Road, backwater in watering cycle in-tank mixing, are delivered to water main, so circulation with supplement water by feed pump.
8. 8. the membrane type steam generator according to claim 1 or 7, it is characterised in that：Sewage draining exit is provided with water return pipeline, Blowdown can be implemented according to the concrete condition of backwater water quality.