CN106838852A - A kind of membrane type steam generator - Google Patents
A kind of membrane type steam generator Download PDFInfo
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- CN106838852A CN106838852A CN201710141957.1A CN201710141957A CN106838852A CN 106838852 A CN106838852 A CN 106838852A CN 201710141957 A CN201710141957 A CN 201710141957A CN 106838852 A CN106838852 A CN 106838852A
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- Prior art keywords
- film
- water
- steam
- pipe
- feedwater
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/48—Devices for removing water, salt, or sludge from boilers; Arrangements of cleaning apparatus in boilers; Combinations thereof with boilers
- F22B37/54—De-sludging or blow-down devices
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22D—PREHEATING, OR ACCUMULATING PREHEATED, FEED-WATER FOR STEAM GENERATION; FEED-WATER SUPPLY FOR STEAM GENERATION; CONTROLLING WATER LEVEL FOR STEAM GENERATION; AUXILIARY DEVICES FOR PROMOTING WATER CIRCULATION WITHIN STEAM BOILERS
- F22D5/00—Controlling water feed or water level; Automatic water feeding or water-level regulators
- F22D5/26—Automatic feed-control systems
- F22D5/28—Automatic feed-control systems responsive to amount of steam withdrawn; responsive to steam pressure
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
- Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier
- Y02P80/15—On-site combined power, heat or cool generation or distribution, e.g. combined heat and power [CHP] supply
Abstract
The present invention relates to membrane type steam generator, by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipe, go out vapour water return pipeline and constitute, the feedwater piping includes water main and subfeeder, and feedwater flow to subfeeder end from water main entrance point；Going out vapour water return pipeline includes vapour return main and goes out vapour return branch；Water main and/or subfeeder are accepted in one end of film-type evaporation pipe, and the other end connects out vapour return main and/or goes out vapour return branch；The up output from high-order steam output end of steam gone out in vapour return branch imports out vapour return main, and backwater is descending to import out vapour return main from low level backwater end；The steam that goes out in vapour return main is further up to be separated with backwater, is finally exported by steam outlet, and backwater is further descending to be separated with steam, and finally exporting output by backwater collects into watering cycle tank, then realizes make-up cooling water after being supplemented.The advantage of drum formula boiler and once-through boiler has been taken into account, while their shortcoming is turn avoid, with promotional value.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to steam generating equipment technical field, and in particular to a kind of membrane type steam generator.
Background technology
The energy has critical role in national economy life, and all trades and professions all be unable to do without the energy.Industrial water steam（One
Steam is referred to as down）It is a kind of main energy carrier（Heat energy, potential energy, kinetic energy）；The equipment of steam production is mainly industrial pot
The various fuel such as coal, combustion gas, fuel oil or biomass are converted into heat energy, potential energy by stove by Industrial Boiler by chemical energy（Kinetic energy）,
For production equipment, facility and living facilities etc. provide heat energy；Power plant, for steam turbine provides potential energy heat energy, is converted into hair by boiler
The kinetic energy power generation of group of motors.So, the Industrial Boiler as production steam plays an important roll in the industrial production.
Existing Industrial Boiler vaporization mode of being heated with feeding water point mainly has drum boiler, nature（Or force）It is circulating
Boiler, single flow（Horizontal type, vertical-type, three kinds of forms of horizontal vertical mixed type）In boiler, such as accompanying drawing 1 to 3 and accompanying drawing 4 to 6
Five kinds of shown situations.Drum boiler and nature（Or force）The drum that circulation boiler all with steam separate, so system
Referred to as drum formula boiler；Drum formula boiler will accomplish safe and reliable operation under HTHP due to the major diameter long length of drum
Cylinder wall thickness, equipment manufacturing cost high cost must just be increased；During boiler operatiopn, system must keep certain water；With a life
Produce as a example by the drum formula boiler of 10t/h steam, water drum and the tubulation total measurement (volume) that is heated are 12m thereon3, steamdrum during normal operation
Interior liquid level maintains 40~80%, system liquid holdup about 10~11t water, and black furnace starts to normal supply steam after parking every time, needs
Consume 1~2 hour and this 10~11t water is first heated to saturation point more than demand steam pressure, could normal steam supply；Blowing out
Then need cooling step-down in 18~24 hours.It is natural（Or force）Circulation boiler complex structure, to avoid being brought into boiler feedwater
Salt in header enrichment method, it is necessary to set many places emission point periodical blowdown.Drum formula boiler in steam supply load variations,
Need to be adjusted integrated water-feeding, lifting load needs a slow process.Direct current cooker does not have drum, system liquid holdup
Only the 1/2~1/4 of drum formula boiler, it is only necessary to which absorbing less heat can just make feedwater reach the boiling under pressure of steam supply
Point；Black furnace is lighted a fire and can be supplied within about 40~45 minutes the steam of rated temperature and pressure；Blowing out needs about 25 minutes.Direct current cooker
There is no a circulatory function, feedwater disposably passes through from going out system to steam into system, and heating, vaporization, mistake are completed in heat pipe
Thermal process, this requires that heating tubulation need to accomplish that sufficient length could be realized；Need to set special system, to start pot
There are enough feedwater during stove by heat pipe, saturation heat pipe will not burn out because of overheat；Direct current cooker is in heat pipe heating procedure
In the case of fixation, if fuel and feedwater are out of proportion, direct current cooker cannot ensure to supply qualified steam；Therefore, direct current pot
Stove to automatically adjust and control system requirement it is higher；Due to being disposably to pass through, direct current cooker can not carry out blowdown, in feedwater
Salt branch influences economy, the safe operation of boiler in heat pipe encrustation, therefore, direct current cooker feedwater requires high, water process
Investment and operating cost are higher；Due to being disposably to pass through in direct current cooker heat pipe, working medium（Industrial soft water）Fully rely on to
The pressure of water pump flows through all heating surfaces, and with larger mass flow；So, feedwater pump discharge pressure is very higher,
Consumption power is big.
In summary described, existing Industrial Boiler has following deficiency：
1st, drum formula boiler due to drum it is heavy, specialty metal consumption is big；Drum is heavy, manufacture, installation, transport inconvenience；
2nd, drum formula steam generator system liquid holdup is huge, and the driving and parking time is long；
3rd, the reaction of drum formula boiler lifting load is slow, and driving and parking energy waste is big；
4th, drum formula boiler structure is complicated, and system circulation has dead angle, it is necessary to set many places emission point blowdown；
5th, the driving and parking energy waste of drum formula boiler is big；
6th, direct current cooker heat pipe long flow path；
7th, direct current cooker needs to set heat pipe when specialized system treatment is driven and burns pipe problem；
8th, direct current cooker to automatically adjust and control system requirement it is higher；
9th, direct current cooker is invested to water process and operating cost is high；
10th, direct current cooker feed pump power consumption is big.
The content of the invention
Present invention aim to overcome that existing Industrial Boiler equipment is heavy, cost is high, the driving and parking time is long, driving and parking
Energy waste is big, load response is slow, complex structure, heat pipe long flow path, automatically adjust and control system requirement is high, water process
Investment and the deficiency such as operating cost is high, feed pump power consumption is big, there is provided a kind of to have the one of drum formula boiler and direct current cooker advantage concurrently
Kind of membrane type steam generator, with light-duty, specialty metal consumption it is few, the driving and parking time is short, structure rapid to load response is simple
Single, driving and parking energy waste is small, heat pipe stream is not grown, to automatically adjusting and control system requirement is general, feedwater is required and expense
The main operation characteristic such as typically, feed pump power consumption is general.
The present invention the used technical scheme that solves the above problems is：A kind of membrane type steam generator, mainly by feed pipe
Road, film-type evaporation pipe, go out vapour water return pipeline composition, the feedwater piping includes water main and subfeeder, and feedwater is from feedwater
House steward's entrance point flow to subfeeder end, keeps a direction flowing, does not have dead angle；It is described go out vapour water return pipeline include vapour
Return main and go out vapour return branch；Accept water main and/or subfeeder, another termination in one end of the film-type evaporation pipe
Pass-out vapour return main and/or go out vapour return branch, feedwater is assigned to film-type evaporation pipe by water main or subfeeder, feed water
Flowed along tube wall in liquid film in film-type evaporation inside pipe wall, film-type evaporation pipe is heated, liquid film heats up and is directly vaporized into saturated vapor, steamed
Vapour flows into out vapour return main or goes out vapour return branch with liquid film, and unboiled feedwater is used as backwater；Go out vapour backwater
The mixture of steam or steam and part backwater in branch pipe is up to import out vapour return main, backwater from the output of high-order steam output end
Or the mixture of backwater and some vapor descending imports out vapour return main from low level backwater end；Going out vapour return main has a high position
Steam outlet, and low level backwater outlet, the steam that goes out in vapour return main is further up to be separated with backwater, finally by
Steam outlet is exported, and backwater is further descending to be separated with steam, is finally collected into watering cycle tank by backwater outlet output, then
Make-up cooling water is realized after to supplement.
The above-mentioned external condensate make-up piping of watering cycle tank, backwater and supplement water（Industrial soft water）Mixed in watering cycle tank
Close, water main is delivered to constant flow and pressure by feed pump, so circulation.
Preferably, sewage draining exit is provided with water return pipeline, blowdown can be implemented according to the concrete condition of backwater water quality, in evaporation
During, impurity content can be gradually risen in feedwater, be to constantly update based on liquid film, constantly flow, and impurity is difficult in tube wall
Interior formation salt efflorescence, but backwater, compared to feedwater, its salinity or impurity content are higher, therefore, it is right depending on specific actual job situation
It is just very necessary that backwater regularly carries out purification blowdown.
Preferably, feed pressure with go out vapour return main output saturated vapor pressure difference be constant, pressure difference control range
In 0.1~0.4MPa, feed-water quality flow is controlled to 2~5 times of rated capacity；Feedwater is preferably controlled with saturated vapor pressure difference
In 0.2~0.3MPa.So, the power consumption of feed pump is steady, less, adds small pump power consumption, and total power consumption is only than drum formula boiler
About 10~25% are had more, and evaporates 5~8 times of the direct current cooker feed pump power consumption about drum formula boiler of scale on an equal basis.
Different pressures heat energy distribution closeness residing for the pipe according to residing for film-type evaporation pipe each point in systems is different,
The film-type evaporation pipe of multi-form and different size is set；The flow and pressure provided due to feed pump are constant, evaporators
The film-type evaporation intraluminal fluid film distribution of each point is also stabilization.Because kestner long-tube evaporator feedwater is excessive, so, in heat pipe
Wall liquid film stabilization, will not rupture or stop, and in the absence of heat transfer deterioration phenomenon, any variation of load does not interfere with system peace
Row for the national games, so, evaporator system does not need once-through boiler strict control system accurate like that.
The membrane type steam generator of the application only by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipeline, go out vapour water return pipeline and constitute, do not have
Heavy drum, in coal burner, the evaporator system of gas fuel burner heat supply, can use light-duty framework, will be whole
Individual steam generator system lightweight is set；Due to no evaporator and drum inner storing water, during start-stop, steam generation
Device each several part is heated and cooling is all more easily reachd uniformly；In the case of cold conditions driving, after fuel normal combustion heat supply, evaporator
The steam of qualified temperature and pressure is normally provided by only needing 2~5 minutes；Because feedwater is circulating-heating in evaporator system
, so, evaporation tube need not be needed as direct current cooker sufficiently long heating, vaporescence and heating very long is set
Pipe.Feedwater is distributed with 0.1~0.3mm thick film state in film-type evaporation pipe, so, liquid holdup is considerably less in whole evaporator；With
As a example by the membrane type steam generator of 10t/h evaporation capacity, liquid holdup about 0.2~0.3m in whole evaporator3, liquid holdup in evaporation tube
About 0.03~0.06m3, and 10t/h drum formula boilers total liquid inventory is 10.2~11.2m3, tubulation liquid holdup about 5.7m3, membrane type
Evaporator synthesis liquid holdup is only the 1/100~1/200 of drum formula boiler, and heat-energy losses are little during system driving and parking.By
Few in the heating target water of film-type evaporation pipe, vaporization capacity is big, is balanced between heat energy supply and soft water vaporization in evaporator
Rapidly, evaporator is fast to outside load variations strain responses；By the output steam pressure of generator and fuel feedstock Combustion System
Interlocking, can be according to output pressure change control fuel supply immediately, you can reach the linear control realized between fuel-load
System, steady steam supply can be accomplished in the case of the larger and frequent variation of outside load change.
Further, the feedwater of the application film-type evaporation generator is to enter steam backwater house steward by water main to go out, and is
One one-way process, does not have dead angle, whole smooth in water flow circulation；Backwater after concentration can go out returning for vapour return main rear end
Blowdown is carried out in water lines, it is not necessary to separately set multiple blowdown points；Because the feedwater with dirt eliminating function, kestner long-tube evaporator can hold
Row drum formula boiler feedwater standard, it is not necessary to the water processing establishment investment of high request and operating cost.Membrane type steam generator system
Watering cycle and heat energy supply are only required in system driving, relatively easy, it is not necessary to separately to set driving processing system.To auxiliary equipment
It is required that low.
Film-type evaporation pipe is by top feedwater distribution cloth film section, middle part film-type evaporation section and bottom vapor-liquid separation section composition.
Feedwater distribution cloth film section in top includes filming device, is made directly by filming device control feedwater feedstock direction and inlet amount
Connect along wall film forming, or combine the uniform cloth film of equal membrane device reallocation, liquid film is contacted along wall under initial flow rate and Action of Gravity Field
Heating surface is flowed down with uniform moisture film shape.
Middle part film-type evaporation section, heat pipe provides heat energy to radiate in pipe external heat source with convection current conduction pattern, and liquid film is continuous
Alternately flow so that liquid film entirety thermally equivalent, it is direct by liquid phase carburation by evaporation, the vapour phase steam of vaporization after feedwater absorption heat energy
Heat pipe central space is diffused into, the resistance without overcoming liquid phase moisture film.
Bottom vapor-liquid separation section is made up of vapor phase exit and liquid-phase outlet, and vapor phase exit is opened on the top of liquid-phase outlet
Mouth direction is different；Vapor is guided with unboiled water to different directions, forms steam stream and fluid course.Vapour-liquid is avoided to mix
Influence each other, be beneficial to steam and water quick separating and circulation in the confined space.Phase is efficiently separated there is sufficient space
In the case of, this bottom segregation section can be omitted, and water vapour and water are directly exported by evaporation tube.
The filming device of the application mainly has several forms：Plate hole formula filming device, pitting filming device, plate ring type filming device and
Spiral filming device.
Plate hole formula filming device is to be distributed 2~20 inlet openings, water inlet downwards along heat pipe tangential direction on the shrouding of top
Hole is circular, square or rectangle, and its sectional area is suitable with the circular hole of 0.5~5mm of Φ, and the quantity and specification of water inlet are according to this
The evaporation task setting of heat pipe.
Pitting filming device is below the shrouding of top, along the distribution 2~20 downwards of heat pipe tangential direction on heat pipe
Individual inlet opening；Inlet opening can be circular, square or rectangle, and its sectional area is suitable with the circular hole of 0.5~5mm, inlet opening
The evaporation task setting of quantity and specification according to the heat pipe.
Plate ring type filming device is to set a ring formula water inlet to the tube wall direction that is heated on the shrouding of top, is received according to this
The evaporation load of heat pipe sets lower end discharge ring gap in 0.02~0.5mm.
Spiral filming device is to set a circle of 0.5~10mm according to the heat pipe evaporation load on the shrouding of top
Hole inlet opening, the spiral spray thrower of corresponding specification is set in the circular hole lower end, top water inlet is ejected into umbrella covering of the fan and is received
Heat pipe inner wall face.
For common job state, the cloth film effect that several filming devices of the above are ejected into the water of wall has reached and has applied mesh
's；Can also be several more than, the filming device lower end increases the equal film ring of setting, it would be possible to the liquid outside wall is splashed to because of high speed
Drop guiding is to wall so that feedwater is flowed down with ring-shaped liquid film along wall.
Further, the specification of membrane type steam-generating tube is the boiler special steel pipe of DN20~DN200, and draw ratio l/d exists
Between 50~200；Top feedwater distribution cloth film section and the shared length ratio of bottom vapor-liquid separation section are the 1~2% of entire length,
Water is full of in filming device and with upper bit, all liquid films of the following tubulation inwall of filming device are covered, and thickness of liquid film is in 0.05~1mm
Between, thickness of liquid film is average between 0.1~0.2mm under common situation.
The film-type evaporation pipe of the application has that disengagement area is big, heat transfer coefficient is big, heat transfer efficiency is stable（Will not conduct heat
Corruptions）, heat pipe wall temperature relative constancy and low（See patent：One film-type evaporation pipe）, for producing same specification and product
Lower than existing boiler to the requirement of burner heat supply temperature in the steam of amount, kestner long-tube evaporator system, existing boiler is due to heat transfer
Corruptions cause overall heat transfer efficiency not high, and disengagement area is small, can only be by improving temperature come quasi-complement heat transfer efficiency
With the deficiency of disengagement area；The fire box temperature of existing boiler is normally controlled in 900~1100 DEG C, sometime up to 1200~1300
DEG C, it is seen that the ignition temperature of flame can be very high；The combustion chamber temperature of kestner long-tube evaporator is only 500~800 DEG C, and flame temperature is relatively low
Much, low-temperature burning can effectively suppress NO in combustion gasXGeneration；And low-temperature burning reduces the volatilization of fuel lime-ash, so as to subtract
Few heat pipe surface accumulated slag, it is to avoid heat transfer deterioration between combustion gas and heat pipe.
The film-type evaporation pipe that the application is used has independence, can independent assortment as needed so that evaporator can be with
Different types of heat supply condition is adapted to, grate firing type coal or biomass chain boiler heat supply can be used, it can also be used to coal dust, combustion gas, combustion
Oil burner heat supply.
In summary, kestner long-tube evaporator of the invention and drum formula boiler and once-through boiler are advised by production same specification is same
The steam of mould is converted into same specification and is contrasted with the steam of scale, contrasts as follows：
The membrane type steam generator of the application has taken into account the advantage of drum formula boiler and once-through boiler, while turn avoid them
Shortcoming, with promotional value.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is drum boiler steam generation structure；
Fig. 1：1 heating tube, 2 combustion chambers
Fig. 2 is nature（Force）Combined-circulation once-through boiler；
Fig. 2：1 drum, 2 downflow heated tubes, 3 headers, 4 rise heat pipe
Fig. 3 is spirally wound tubes formula direct current cooker；
Fig. 3：1 combustion chamber, 2 horizontal heat pipes
Fig. 4 is to rewind pipeloop formula direct current cooker；
Fig. 5 is another structure for rewinding pipeloop formula direct current cooker；
Fig. 4-5：1 horizontal heat pipe, 2 heated vertical pipes, 3 headers
Fig. 6 is Vertical Water-wall Once-through Boiler；
Fig. 6：1 heated vertical pipe, 2, header
Fig. 7 is the typical curve that saturation water seethes with excitement on horizontal heating surface；
Fig. 8 is the structural representation of first kind heat transfer deterioration；
Fig. 9 is the structural representation of Equations of The Second Kind heat transfer deterioration；
Figure 10 is the structural representation of the application film-type evaporation；
Figure 11 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Single venthole type）Sectional view；
Figure 12 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Single venthole type）Side view；
Figure 13 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Double venthole types）Sectional view；
Figure 14 is steam-generating tube in the embodiment of the present application（Double venthole types）Side view；
Figure 15 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 16 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 17 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 18 is plate hole formula filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 15-18：1 tube wall, 2 distribution grids, 3 inlet openings, 4 equal film rings
Figure 19 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 20 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 21 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 22 is pitting filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 19-22：1 tube wall, 2 shroudings, 3 inlet openings, 4 equal film rings
Figure 23 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 24 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 25 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 26 is plate ring type filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 23-26：Water ring, 4 equal film rings are entered in 1 tube wall, 2 distribution grids, 3
Figure 27 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 28 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（Without equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 29 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Vertical cross-sectional；
Figure 30 is spiral filming device in the embodiment of the present application（With equal film ring）Transverse sectional view；
Figure 27-30：1 tube wall, 2 distribution grids, 3 inlet openings, 4 equal film rings, 5 spray heads, 6 gussets, 7 balance pipes
Figure 31 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Grate firing type）Side view；
Figure 32 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Grate firing type）Stereogram；
Figure 31-32：1 water main, 2 subfeeders, 3 film-type evaporation pipes, 4 go out vapour return branch, 5 go out vapour return main, 6 circulation
Tank, 7 feed pumps.
Figure 33 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Coal dust firing formula heat supply）Stereogram；
Figure 34 is kestner long-tube evaporator in the embodiment of the present application（Gas fuel heat-supply type）Stereogram.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is described in further detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing embodiment.
As shown in figure 1, the membrane type steam generator in the present embodiment, mainly by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipe 3, go out vapour
Water return pipeline is constituted, and feedwater piping includes water main 1 and subfeeder 2, and feedwater flow to feedwater branch from the entrance point of water main 1
The end of pipe 2, keeps a direction flowing, does not have dead angle.Going out vapour water return pipeline includes vapour return main 5 and goes out vapour return branch
4.Water main 1 and/or subfeeder 2 are accepted in one end of film-type evaporation pipe 3, and the other end connects out vapour return main 5 and goes out vapour and returns
Water branch pipe 4, feedwater is assigned to film-type evaporation pipe 3 by water main 1 and subfeeder 2, and feedwater is in liquid in the inwall of film-type evaporation pipe 3
Film flows along tube wall, and film-type evaporation pipe 3 is heated, and liquid film heats up and is directly vaporized into saturated vapor, steam with liquid film flow into
Enter out vapour return main or go out vapour return branch, unboiled feedwater is used as backwater；The steam or steam gone out in vapour return branch
It is up with the mixture of part backwater to import out vapour return main from the output of high-order steam output end, backwater or backwater and some vapor
Mixture is descending to import out vapour return main from low level backwater end；Going out vapour return main has high-order steam outlet, and low
The backwater outlet of position, the steam gone out in vapour return main is further up to be separated with backwater, is finally exported by steam outlet, is returned
Water is further descending to be separated with steam, is finally collected into watering cycle tank 6, the external supplement of watering cycle tank 6 by backwater outlet output
Waterpipe, backwater and supplement water（Industrial soft water）The mixing in watering cycle tank 6, by feed pump 7 with constant flow and pressure
Water main is delivered to, so circulation.
Sewage draining exit is provided with water return pipeline, blowdown can be implemented according to the concrete condition of backwater water quality.
Feed pressure be with the saturated vapor pressure difference for going out vapour return main output it is constant, pressure difference control range 0.1~
0.4MPa, feed-water quality flow is controlled to 2~5 times of rated capacity；Feedwater and saturated vapor pressure difference be preferably controlled in 0.2~
0.3MPa.So, the power consumption of feed pump is steady, less, adds small pump power consumption, and total power consumption only has more about 10 than drum formula boiler
~25%, and 5~8 times of the direct current cooker feed pump power consumption about drum formula boiler of scale are evaporated on an equal basis.
As shown in Figure 11 to 14, the membrane type steam-generating tube in the present embodiment, it distributes cloth film section I by top feedwater, in
Portion film-type evaporation section II and bottom vapor-liquid separation section III compositions.
Top feedwater distribution cloth film section I includes filming device 1, controls feedwater feedstock direction and the inlet amount to make directly by filming device 1
Connect along wall film forming, liquid film is flowed down with uniform moisture film shape along wall contact heating surface under initial flow rate and Action of Gravity Field.
Middle part film-type evaporation section II, heat pipe provides heat energy, inside pipe wall to radiate in pipe external heat source with convection current conduction pattern
Liquid film constantly alternately flow so that liquid film entirety thermally equivalent, feedwater absorb heat energy after by liquid phase carburation by evaporation, the steaming of vaporization
Vapour is directly diffused into heat pipe central space, and the resistance without overcoming liquid phase moisture film, steam drills conduit running with liquid film.
Bottom vapor-liquid separation section III is made up of vapor phase exit a and liquid-phase outlet b, and vapor phase exit and liquid-phase outlet can set
More than one is put, two or more.Vapor phase exit a is on the top of liquid-phase outlet b, and opening direction is different；Vapor with
Unboiled water is guided to different directions, forms steam stream and fluid course.
It should be noted that in the case where there is sufficient space to efficiently separate phase, this bottom segregation section can be omitted,
Water vapour and backwater are directly exported by evaporation tube.
The filming device that feedwater distribution cloth film section in top is set mainly has several forms：Plate hole formula filming device, pitting cloth film
Device, plate ring type filming device and spiral filming device.
As shown in Figure 15 to 18, plate hole formula filming device be on the shrouding of top along heat pipe tangential direction downwards distribution 2~
20 inlet openings, inlet opening is circular, square or rectangle or other shapes, and sectional area is suitable with the circular hole of 0.5~5mm of Φ,
Evaporation task setting of the quantity and specification of water inlet according to the heat pipe.Plate hole formula filming device film-type evaporation in the present embodiment
Pipe, evaporation tube 76 × 4mm of specification, inlet opening bore 1mm, intake hole number n=7, evaporation tube overall length l=15m.
As shown in Figure 19 to 22, pitting filming device is below the shrouding of top, along heat pipe tangent line side on heat pipe
To 2~20 inlet openings of distribution downwards；Inlet opening can be circular, square or rectangle or other shapes, sectional area and Φ 0.5
The circular hole of~5mm quite, the evaporation task setting of the quantity and specification of inlet opening according to the heat pipe.Pitting filming device membrane type
Evaporation tube, evaporation tube 51 × 3mm of specification, inlet opening bore 0.5mm, intake hole number n=3, evaporation tube overall length l=3m.
As shown in Figure 23 to 26, plate ring type filming device is to set a ring formula to the tube wall direction that is heated on the shrouding of top
Water inlet, the evaporation load according to the heat pipe sets lower end discharge ring gap in 0.02~0.5mm.In the present embodiment, plate ring
Formula filming device film-type evaporation pipe, evaporation tube 89 × 5mm of specification, circumferential weld 0.04mm wide, circumferential weld diameter 70, evaporation tube overall length l=
16m。
As shown in Figure 27 to 30, spiral filming device is to set one according to the heat pipe evaporation load on the shrouding of top
The circular hole inlet opening of 0.5~10mm of Φ, the spiral spray thrower of corresponding specification is set in the circular hole lower end, by top water inlet with umbrella
Shape covering of the fan is ejected into heat pipe internal face.In the present embodiment, spiral filming device film-type evaporation pipe, evaporation tube specification 51 ×
3mm, inlet opening bore 2mm, evaporation tube overall length l=2.8m, evaporation tube head and the tail set pipe screw thread.
The lower end of filming device 1 increases the equal film ring of setting（Equal membrane device）, it would be possible to the drop guiding outside wall is splashed to because of high speed
To wall so that feedwater is flowed down with ring-shaped liquid film along wall.
In membrane type steam-generating tube, as shown in Figure 10, feedwater is evaporated biography with the state of very thin moisture film, flowing
Heat, maximum is performed to by heat transfer coefficient, reaches 30000~40000W/m2·℃.Liquid phase gasifying surface area in evaporation tubulation
Maximum is performed to, is 50~500 times of lateral cross-sectional area.Be heated the vapour of water in tubulation in contrast to drum formula and once-through boiler
Change form, same area is heated tubulation, in the case of same phase temperature difference, vaporization capacity be approximately their 250~
2500 times；Feedwater does not have the vaporization of fluidized state with vapour phase in liquid film state direct boiling to pipe in membrane type steam-generating tube, gives
Water rises rate of heat transfer decline with the temperature difference that tube wall will not occur as shown in Figure 7 and first kind heat transfer deterioration shown in accompanying drawing 8 is existing
As.Also, the heat transfer coefficient of film-type evaporation is not influenceed by vapour phase pressure change, the evaporating temperature of liquid in pipe with it only than connecing
Tactile saturated-steam temperature is high 0.5~2 DEG C；In film-type evaporation pipe, industrial soft water is constantly supplied from top spray, liquid film flow
Much larger than in-tube evaporation amount, so, liquid film breakage, cutout phenomenon are not had in film-type evaporation pipe；The inside pipe wall that is heated is protected by liquid film
Protect, high and stabilization rate of heat transfer vaporization is maintained all the time, heat transfer deterioration phenomenon will not occur.
The application is in production instance
1st, production steam 10t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators, grate firing type chain furnace heat supply, its structure such as accompanying drawing
31st, shown in 32；Feedwater pump discharge 20t/h, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.2MPa, water main specification 108 × 5, subfeeder specification
51 × 3, go out vapour return main specification 219 × 7, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4, caliber 51mm, l=2.8m membrane type steam
Hair pipe 140, caliber 51mm, l=2.5m film-type evaporation pipe 759, total heat exchange area 330m2。
2nd, production steam 20t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators, coal burner heat supply, its structure such as accompanying drawing
Shown in 33；Feedwater pump discharge 40t/h, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.3MPa, water main specification 159 × 6, subfeeder specification 51
× 3, go out vapour return main specification 273 × 8, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4,133 × 6, caliber 76mm, l=15m film
Formula evaporation tube 200, caliber 51mm, l=3m film-type evaporation pipe 1155, total heat exchange area 1140m2。
3rd, production steam 5t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators, fuel-firing gas-firing burner heat supply, its structure is such as
Shown in accompanying drawing 34；Feedwater pump discharge 10t/h, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.2MPa, water main specification 89 × 5, subfeeder specification
51 × 3, go out vapour return main specification 159 × 6, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4, caliber 51mm, l=2.1m membrane type steam
Hair pipe 150, caliber 51mm, l=1.8m film-type evaporation pipe 420, total heat exchange area 155m2。
Production steam 10t/h, steam pressure 1.25MPa kestner long-tube evaporators, gas burner heat supply, feedwater pump discharge 10t/
H, inlet outlet pressure differential 0.2MPa, water main specification 89 × 5, subfeeder specification 51 × 3 go out vapour return main's specification
159 × 6, go out vapour return branch specification 76 × 4, caliber 51mm, l=2.1m film-type evaporation pipe 150, caliber 51mm, l=
1.8m film-type evaporations pipe 420, total heat exchange area 155m2。
, only wherein there is principle, the process at steam position to its system in a kind of membrane type steam generator described in this patent
It is illustrated with characteristic, the expressed intact of intention of the present invention is not influenceed and by its characteristic and corresponding work(in existing boiler
Can partly be contrasted；To other parts in generator system such as overall architecture, fuel system, combustion type, supply air system, tail
Gas disposal etc., is same as corresponding known structure, system in existing boiler, repeats no more here.
Evaporation structure shown in this patent, only illustrates the signal of its principle, process and characteristic, and actual production is manufactured not only
It is limited to this.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of membrane type steam generator, it is characterised in that：It is main by feedwater piping, film-type evaporation pipe, go out vapour water return pipeline group
Into,
The feedwater piping includes water main and subfeeder, and feedwater flow to subfeeder end from water main entrance point；
It is described go out vapour water return pipeline include vapour return main and going out vapour return branch；It is total that feedwater is accepted in one end of the film-type evaporation pipe
Pipe and/or subfeeder, the other end connect out vapour return main and/or go out vapour return branch, and feedwater is by water main or feedwater branch
Pipe is assigned to film-type evaporation pipe, and feedwater is flowed in liquid film in film-type evaporation inside pipe wall along tube wall, and film-type evaporation pipe is heated, liquid film liter
Warm direct boiling is into saturated vapor, and steam flows into out vapour return main or goes out vapour return branch with liquid film, unboiled
Feedwater as backwater；
The up output from high-order steam output end of steam or steam and the mixture of part backwater gone out in vapour return branch imports out vapour
The mixture of return main, backwater or backwater and some vapor is descending to import out vapour return main from low level backwater end；Go out vapour to return
Supply mains has a high-order steam outlet, and low level backwater outlet, the steam gone out in vapour return main further it is up with
Backwater separate, finally by steam outlet export, backwater further it is descending is separated with steam, finally by backwater export output collect into
Watering cycle tank, then make-up cooling water is realized after being supplemented.
2. membrane type steam generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The film-type evaporation pipe is by top to moisture
Film section, middle part film-type evaporation section and bottom vapor-liquid separation section composition are allocated,
The top feedwater distribution cloth film section includes filming device, is made directly by filming device control feedwater feedstock direction and inlet amount
Connect along wall film forming, or combine the uniform cloth film of equal membrane device reallocation, liquid film is contacted along wall under initial flow rate and Action of Gravity Field
Heating surface is flowed down with uniform moisture film shape；
The middle part film-type evaporation section, heat pipe provides heat energy to radiate in pipe external heat source with convection current conduction pattern, and liquid film is continuous
Alternately flow so that liquid film entirety thermally equivalent, it is direct by liquid phase carburation by evaporation, the vapour phase steam of vaporization after feedwater absorption heat energy
It is diffused into heat pipe central space；
The bottom vapor-liquid separation section is made up of vapor phase exit and liquid-phase outlet, and vapor phase exit is opened on the top of liquid-phase outlet
Mouth direction is different；Vapor is guided with unboiled water to different directions, forms steam stream and fluid course.
3. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The filming device mainly has several forms：
Plate hole formula filming device, pitting filming device, plate ring type filming device and spiral filming device；Plate hole formula filming device is in top shrouding
On along heat pipe tangential direction downwards distribution 2~20 inlet openings, inlet opening be circular, square or rectangle, its sectional area with
The circular hole of 0.5~5mm of Φ quite, the evaporation task setting of the quantity and specification of water inlet according to the heat pipe；
Pitting filming device is that below the shrouding of top, along heat pipe tangential direction, distribution 2~20 is entered downwards on heat pipe
Water hole；Inlet opening can be circular, square or rectangle, and its sectional area is suitable with the circular hole of 0.5~5mm, the quantity of inlet opening
With specification according to the evaporation task setting of the heat pipe；
Plate ring type filming device is to set a ring formula water inlet to the tube wall direction that is heated on the shrouding of top, according to the heat pipe
Evaporation load set lower end discharge ring gap in 0.02~0.5mm；
Spiral filming device is that the circular hole for setting a 0.5~10mm according to the heat pipe evaporation load on the shrouding of top enters
Water hole, the spiral spray thrower of corresponding specification is set in the circular hole lower end, and top water inlet is ejected into heat pipe with umbrella covering of the fan
Internal face.
4. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The thickness of the film-type evaporation inside pipe wall moisture film
It is 0.1~0.3mm to spend.
5. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The specification of the film-type evaporation pipe is DN20
The boiler special steel pipe of~DN200, draw ratio l/d is between 50~200；Top feedwater distribution cloth film section and bottom vapor-liquid separation
Duan Suozhan length ratios are the 1~2% of entire length.
6. membrane type steam generator according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The film-type evaporation pipe can with system in combination
Be welding or screw connection structure.
7. membrane type steam generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The external supplement water pipe of watering cycle tank
Road, backwater, in watering cycle in-tank mixing, is delivered to water main, so circulation with supplement water by feed pump.
8. the membrane type steam generator according to claim 1 or 7, it is characterised in that：Sewage draining exit is provided with water return pipeline,
Blowdown can be implemented according to the concrete condition of backwater water quality.
9. membrane type steam generator according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Feed pressure is exported with vapour return main is gone out
Saturated vapor pressure difference be constant, pressure difference control range is controlled to rated capacity in 0.1~0.4MPa, feed-water quality flow
2~5 times；Feedwater is preferably controlled in 0.2~0.3MPa with saturated vapor pressure difference.
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| CN201710141957.1A CN106838852B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | Membrane type steam generator |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710141957.1A CN106838852B (en) | 2017-03-10 | 2017-03-10 | Membrane type steam generator |
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Citations (7)
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1815439A (en) * | 1926-01-04 | 1931-07-21 | La Mont Corp | Steam generator or the like |
| US5624531A (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1997-04-29 | Tampella Power Oy | Evaporator operating on falling film principle |
| CN102171513A (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2011-08-31 | 西门子公司 | Waste heat steam generator |
| CN103791479A (en) * | 2014-01-18 | 2014-05-14 | 西安交通大学 | Novel full tube panel type efficient oil and gas fired boiler |
| CN204756853U (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-11-11 | 河北中然制药设备有限公司 | Pure steam generator |
| US20160356550A1 (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Advanced Technology Management Group LLC | Passive heat and mass transfer system |
| CN206656331U (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-11-21 | 高峰 | A kind of membrane type steam generator |
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2017
- 2017-03-10 CN CN201710141957.1A patent/CN106838852B/en active Active
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1815439A (en) * | 1926-01-04 | 1931-07-21 | La Mont Corp | Steam generator or the like |
| US5624531A (en) * | 1993-04-01 | 1997-04-29 | Tampella Power Oy | Evaporator operating on falling film principle |
| CN102171513A (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2011-08-31 | 西门子公司 | Waste heat steam generator |
| CN103791479A (en) * | 2014-01-18 | 2014-05-14 | 西安交通大学 | Novel full tube panel type efficient oil and gas fired boiler |
| CN204756853U (en) * | 2015-05-11 | 2015-11-11 | 河北中然制药设备有限公司 | Pure steam generator |
| US20160356550A1 (en) * | 2015-06-05 | 2016-12-08 | Advanced Technology Management Group LLC | Passive heat and mass transfer system |
| CN206656331U (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-11-21 | 高峰 | A kind of membrane type steam generator |
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| CN106838852B (en) | 2023-02-28 |
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