A kind of fibre optic gyroscope
Technical field
It the utility model is related to gyroscope technology field, and in particular to a kind of fibre optic gyroscope.
Background technology
Modern gyroscope is a kind of instrument in the orientation that can be accurately determined moving object, it be modern Aviation, navigation,
Widely used a kind of inertial navigation instrument in space flight and national defense industry, its development industry national to one, national defence and its
Its high-tech development has highly important strategic importance.
Traditional inertial gyroscope is primarily referred to as mechanical gyroscope, requirement of the mechanical gyroscope to process structure
Very high, complicated, its precision receives very many restrictions.Since eighties of last century the seventies, modern gyro
The development of instrument has come into a brand-new stage.
Fibre optic gyroscope is the sensing element based on optical fiber coil, the light court launched by laser diode
Both direction is propagated along optical fiber.The change of propagation path of light, determine the angular displacement of sensing element.
For fibre optic gyroscope compared with traditional mechanical gyroscope, advantage is all solid state, without rotary part and friction means,
Long lifespan, dynamic range is big, instantaneous starting, simple in construction, and size is small, in light weight.Compared with lasergyro, fibre optic gyroscope
There is no latch-up problem, go out light path without in quartz wedge Precision Machining, cost is low.
The realization of fibre optic gyroscope is based primarily upon Sai Genike theories:When light beam advances in an annular passage,
If circular passage has a velocity of rotation in itself, then the time required for the direction that light rotates along passage is advanced will
It is more than the time required for opposite direction advance is rotated along this passage.That is when optical loop rotates,
In different directions of advance, the light path of optical loop can all produce change relative to light path of the loop when static.Utilize light path
Change, detect the phase difference of two light paths or the change of interference fringe, it is possible to measure light path angular velocity of rotation, this is
The operation principle of fibre optic gyroscope.
Light source used in fibre optic gyroscope should also have relevant length in addition to requiring small volume, long lifespan, reliability height
Spend the features such as short, spectrum width is wider and wavelength stability is good.Due in fibre optic gyroscope optics to the dependence of optical wavelength,
Even if the good SLD light sources of spectrum, after its output light is by light path system, spectral characteristic can also deteriorate, wherein, to optical fibre gyro
Instrument performance impact it is maximum be that the modulation degree of spectrum is changed.For mixed polarisation fiber gyroscope, typically disappeared using light source
Inclined method is affected to solve spectral modulation institute.Research shows, in fiber-optic gyroscope light path, into the light wave of Y waveguide
Degree of polarization is lower, to the rear by rising, and its Spectral modulation depth institute is affected smaller.Although the depolarized light source that can reduce of light source is sent out in itself
Penetrate the degree of polarization of light wave, but it is depolarized after light wave just to enter Y waveguide after one section of non-polarization-maintaining light path (monomode coupler).Light
Ripple passes through non-polarization-maintaining light path, and the polarization state (degree of polarization) of light wave can change, and the hidden danger of depolarized failure then be present.
Utility model content
In view of this, the purpose of this utility model is overcome the deficiencies in the prior art, there is provided a kind of fibre optic gyroscope, with
The polarization state for solving the problems, such as light source light wave in the prior art changes and influences measurement accuracy.
To realize object above, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme that:
A kind of fibre optic gyroscope, including:Optical signal loop and electric signal loop, wherein,
The optical signal loop includes:Light source, detector, monomode coupler, Lyot types Fibre Optic Depolarizer, Y waveguide, polarization
Bundling device, optical fiber regulation ring, polarization beam apparatus and polarization-maintaining fiber coil, wherein, the light source and detector respectively with the single mode
The input connection of coupler, an output end of the monomode coupler be connected with turn the Lyot types Fibre Optic Depolarizer and
Y waveguide;The output end of the Y waveguide is connected with the polarization beam combiner in turn, optical fiber regulation ring connects with polarization beam apparatus, institute
Two beam splitting ports for stating polarization beam apparatus are connected with the polarization-maintaining fiber coil respectively;
The electric signal loop includes:It is connected to pre-amplification circuit, the analog-to-digital conversion of the detector output end in turn
Circuit, processor, D/A converting circuit and rearmounted amplifying circuit, wherein, the output end of the rearmounted amplifying circuit and the Y ripples
The input connection led.
Preferably, the angle that the polarization beam apparatus is connected with polarization-maintaining fiber coil is 0 degree.
Preferably, the angle that the polarization beam combiner is connected with Y waveguide is 90 degree.
Preferably, the length of the fiber lengths < 2* polarization-maintaining fiber coils of 50 meters of < optical fiber regulation rings.
Preferably, the electric signal loop also includes the communication interface being connected with the processor.
Preferably, the processor is FPGA.
Preferably, the fibre optic gyroscope, in addition to chargeable lithium cell, charging circuit and charging inlet, wherein, it is described
It is the optical signal loop and electric signal loop power supply that chargeable lithium cell, which is used for,;The charging circuit respectively with it is described chargeable
Lithium battery connects with charging inlet, and the charging circuit is used to give the electrical energy transportation of additional power source to the chargeable lithium cell.
Preferably, the fibre optic gyroscope, in addition to shell, the optical signal loop and electric signal loop are arranged on described
In shell, the charging inlet is set on the housing.
Preferably, it is additionally provided with working station indicator on the shell.
Preferably, the shell is made up of water proof and dust proof material.
The utility model uses above technical scheme, at least possesses following beneficial effect:
This fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, although light wave after monomode coupler to be present inclined for light source light wave
The risk that polarization state changes, but due to being additionally arranged Lyot type Fibre Optic Depolarizers between monomode coupler and Y waveguide, can drop
The polarization state of low light source light wave, avoid it is depolarized after light wave the hidden danger of depolarized failure occurs by monomode coupler, it is possible to increase
The stability of this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, improve the measurement accuracy of fibre optic gyroscope.
Due to the needs of signal demodulation, the length of polarization-maintaining fiber coil inner fiber is that have certain limitation, it is ensured that measurement
Precision, fiber lengths need to reach more than 150 meters, but this can cause the volume of polarization-maintaining fiber coil to become big, and many applications at present
Place, there are strict requirements to the volume size of polarization-maintaining fiber coil, this just makes between the measurement accuracy of fibre optic gyroscope and volume
Contradiction be present.This fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, set up what is be sequentially connected between Y waveguide and polarization-maintaining fiber coil
Polarization beam combiner, optical fiber regulation ring and polarization beam apparatus so that intrinsic by changing on the basis of polarization-maintaining fiber coil is not changed
Frequency is so as to ensureing required measurement accuracy.Compared with prior art, this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, it is possible to achieve
The separation of polarization-maintaining fiber coil and miscellaneous part, the light of the interior carrying both direction of part between optical fiber regulation ring and polarization-maintaining fiber coil
Transmission, fundamentally avoid to polarization-maintaining fiber coil measurement influence, expanded this optical fiber top provided by the utility model
The scope of application of spiral shell instrument, further increase the measurement accuracy and reliability of gyroscope.
Brief description of the drawings
, below will be to embodiment in order to illustrate more clearly of the utility model embodiment or technical scheme of the prior art
Or the required accompanying drawing used is briefly described in description of the prior art, it should be apparent that, drawings in the following description are only
It is some embodiments of the utility model, for those of ordinary skill in the art, is not paying the premise of creative work
Under, other accompanying drawings can also be obtained according to these accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a kind of schematic block diagram for fibre optic gyroscope that the embodiment of the utility model one provides.
Embodiment
, below will be to technology of the present utility model to make the purpose of this utility model, technical scheme and advantage clearer
Scheme is described in detail.Obviously, described embodiment is only the utility model part of the embodiment, rather than all
Embodiment.Based on the embodiment in the utility model, those of ordinary skill in the art are not before creative work is made
Resulting all other embodiment is put, belongs to the scope that the utility model is protected.
Below by drawings and examples, the technical solution of the utility model is described in further detail.
Referring to Fig. 1, a kind of fibre optic gyroscope of the embodiment of the utility model one offer, including:Optical signal loop and telecommunications
Number loop, wherein,
The optical signal loop includes:Light source 1, detector 2, monomode coupler 3, Lyot types Fibre Optic Depolarizer 4, Y waveguide
5th, polarization beam combiner 6, optical fiber regulation ring 7, polarization beam apparatus 8 and polarization-maintaining fiber coil 9, wherein, the light source 1 and detector 2 divide
Input not with the monomode coupler 3 is connected, and an output end of the monomode coupler 3 is connected with the Lyot in turn
Type Fibre Optic Depolarizer 4 and Y waveguide 5;The output end of the Y waveguide 5 is connected with the polarization beam combiner 6, optical fiber regulation ring 7 in turn
Connected with polarization beam apparatus 8, two beam splitting ports of the polarization beam apparatus 8 are connected with the polarization-maintaining fiber coil 9 respectively;
The electric signal loop includes:It is connected to the pre-amplification circuit 10 of the output end of detector 2 in turn, modulus turns
Change circuit 11, processor 12, D/A converting circuit 13 and rearmounted amplifying circuit 14, wherein, the rearmounted amplifying circuit 14 it is defeated
Go out end to be connected with the input of the Y waveguide 5.
It is understood that this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, although light source light wave couples by single mode
The risk that optical polarization changes after device be present, but due to being additionally arranged Lyot type light between monomode coupler and Y waveguide
Fine depolarizer, the polarization state of light source light wave can be reduced, avoid it is depolarized after light wave depolarized failure occurs by monomode coupler
Hidden danger, it is possible to increase the stability of this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, improve fibre optic gyroscope measurement essence
Degree.
Due to the needs of signal demodulation, the length of polarization-maintaining fiber coil inner fiber is that have certain limitation, it is ensured that measurement
Precision, fiber lengths need to reach more than 150 meters, but this can cause the volume of polarization-maintaining fiber coil to become big, and many applications at present
Place, there are strict requirements to the volume size of polarization-maintaining fiber coil, this just makes between the measurement accuracy of fibre optic gyroscope and volume
Contradiction be present.This fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, set up what is be sequentially connected between Y waveguide and polarization-maintaining fiber coil
Polarization beam combiner, optical fiber regulation ring and polarization beam apparatus so that intrinsic by changing on the basis of polarization-maintaining fiber coil is not changed
Frequency is so as to ensureing required measurement accuracy.Compared with prior art, this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, it is possible to achieve
The separation of polarization-maintaining fiber coil and miscellaneous part, the light of the interior carrying both direction of part between optical fiber regulation ring and polarization-maintaining fiber coil
Transmission, fundamentally avoid to polarization-maintaining fiber coil measurement influence, expanded this optical fiber top provided by the utility model
The scope of application of spiral shell instrument, further increase the measurement accuracy and reliability of gyroscope.
Preferably, the angle that the polarization beam apparatus 8 is connected with polarization-maintaining fiber coil 9 is 0 degree.
Preferably, the angle that the polarization beam combiner 6 is connected with Y waveguide 5 is 90 degree.
Preferably, the length of the fiber lengths < 2* polarization-maintaining fiber coils 9 of 50 meters of < optical fiber regulation ring 7.
It is understood that this fibre optic gyroscope provided by the utility model, the light beam that light source is sent passes through single mode coupling
Clutch is divided into two parts, wherein a branch of be connected with Y waveguide, light beam is polarized afterwards by Y waveguide and beam splitting, while passes through Y
Waveguide carries out the modulation of signal.Signal after modulation is after polarization beam combiner, wherein 90 degree of rotations occur for direction of vibration all the way
Turn so that the orthogonal light beam of two-way direction of vibration is included in the output end optical fiber of polarization beam combiner.Two beam direction of vibration
Orthogonal light beam is consistent to the motional induction in the external world, by entering polarization beam apparatus after optical fiber regulation ring, is polarized
The orthogonal light beam of two-way direction of vibration is changed into the consistent light beam of two-way direction of vibration by beam splitter, is then exported again to polarization-maintaining
Fiber optic loop, optic path distance is extended, so as to avoid extending the length of polarization-maintaining fiber coil inner fiber, ensure that polarization-maintaining fiber coil
Constancy of volume.
In addition, because whole light path only has the angular speed change that polarization-maintaining fiber coil is capable of sensitive sensing carrier, and optical fiber is adjusted
The orthogonal light beam of two-way direction of vibration saved in ring is strict reciprocity to the sensitivity of external information, in follow-up interference solution
During tune, optical fiber regulation ring will not send interference signal, so as to ensure that the measurement accuracy of polarization-maintaining fiber coil, solve optical fiber
Contradiction between gyroscope volume and measurement accuracy.
Polarization-maintaining fiber coil obtains carrier information, and passes sequentially through polarization beam apparatus, optical fiber regulation ring and polarization beam combiner,
Interfered at Y waveguide, interference signal is transferred to detector after monomode coupler, is handled again by electric signal loop afterwards
Obtain the angular velocity information of carrier.
Preferably, the electric signal loop also includes the communication interface being connected with the processor 12.
Preferably, the processor 12 is FPGA.
FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array), i.e. field programmable gate array, it be PAL, GAL,
The product further developed on the basis of the programming devices such as CPLD.It is as one in application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) field
Plant semi-custom circuit and occur, both solve the deficiency of custom circuit, overcoming original programming device gate circuit number again has
The shortcomings that limit.
The circuit design completed with hardware description language (Verilog or VHDL), simple synthesis and cloth can be passed through
Office, is quickly burned onto on FPGA and is tested, and is the technology main flow of modern IC designs checking.These editable elements can be by
For realizing some basic logic gates (such as AND, OR, XOR, NOT) or more more complicated combination function such as
Decoder or mathematical equation.Inside most FPGA, also for example touched comprising memory cell in these editable elements
Send out device (Flip-flop) or other more complete block of memory.
System designer can connect the logical block inside FPGA as desired by editable connection, all right
As a breadboard has been placed in a chip.One dispatch from the factory after finished product FPGA logical block and connection can be according to
Designer and change, so FPGA can complete required logic function.
Speed of the FPGA in general than ASIC (application specific integrated circuit) is slow, realizes same function than ASIC circuit face
Product is big.But they also have the advantages of many such as can quick finished product, can be modified to correct program in mistake and
Less expensive cost.
Preferably, the fibre optic gyroscope, in addition to chargeable lithium cell, charging circuit and charging inlet, wherein, it is described
It is the optical signal loop and electric signal loop power supply that chargeable lithium cell, which is used for,;The charging circuit respectively with it is described chargeable
Lithium battery connects with charging inlet, and the charging circuit is used to give the electrical energy transportation of additional power source to the chargeable lithium cell.
Preferably, the fibre optic gyroscope, in addition to shell, the optical signal loop and electric signal loop are arranged on described
In shell, the charging inlet is set on the housing.
Preferably, it is additionally provided with working station indicator on the shell.
Preferably, the shell is made up of water proof and dust proof material.
It is described above, only specific embodiment of the present utility model, but the scope of protection of the utility model is not limited to
In this, any one skilled in the art can readily occur in change in the technical scope that the utility model discloses
Or replace, it should all cover within the scope of protection of the utility model.Therefore, the scope of protection of the utility model should be with the power
The protection domain that profit requires is defined.Term " first ", " second " are only used for describing purpose, and it is not intended that instruction or hint phase
To importance.Term " multiple " refers to two or more, is limited unless otherwise clear and definite.