CN206627220U - A kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus - Google Patents
A kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN206627220U CN206627220U CN201720299756.XU CN201720299756U CN206627220U CN 206627220 U CN206627220 U CN 206627220U CN 201720299756 U CN201720299756 U CN 201720299756U CN 206627220 U CN206627220 U CN 206627220U
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Abstract
The utility model provides a kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus.The pulse laser of pulse laser transmitting is through plane sampling spectroscope light splitting；Enter photomultiplier after reflection optical attenuation, exported after photomultiplier is converted to voltage signal to the capture card of computer；Transmitted light is transported to energy meter, and energy meter detects transmitted light energy signal and is transported to computer；The energy signal that Survey Software in computer detects according to the input signal and energy meter of capture card, data processing is carried out, obtains the photoelectric conversion rate of photomultiplier.The voltage signal that the photomultiplier obtained according to photomultiplier service factor and capture card exports carries out data processing, obtains reaching the pulsed light subnumber to be measured of photomultiplier.The utility model overcomes the discriminator dead time limitation in conventional photonic counting technology and the deficiency of multiplier tube output pile-up effect, can be achieved to measure the number of photons of nanosecond micro-energy pulsed laser signal.
Description
Technical field
The utility model relates to technical field of photoelectric detection, especially a kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement
Device.
Background technology
Traditional photon counting technique, as detector, is being detected typically using photomultiplier by differentiating single photon
The photoelectronic pulse ejected in device, optical signal is extracted in a manner of digitized from thermal noise.Generally,
Low light signals are relatively scattered in time, thus by detector output are discrete electric signals.For this feature, put using pulse
Greatly, pulse height screens sum word counting techniques and carries out single photon counting.The step-by-step counting of accumulative output is the light detected
Subnumber.For discrete low light signals, traditional single-photon counting method is preferably.But during for short pulse low-light photon counting,
This method loses practical value.Its reason is primarily present in two each side：
1st, the discriminator dead time limits：When the amplitude of input pulse is more than the examination level of pulse height discriminator, discriminate
Other device exports a calibration pulse for having certain amplitude and shape, and discriminator can not receive follow-up arteries and veins before it restores to the original state
Punching, is referred to as the dead time this period, the dead time of general discriminator is in 10ns or so；Therefore, if within the discriminator dead time
(number ns) has multiple photons to reach photomultiplier photocathode, and counting rate will be caused to lose.
2nd, multiplier tube output pile-up effect：The pulse of photomultiplier output has one fixed width tω(10ns or so),
Referred to as resolving time.When follow-up photoelectronic pulse and the time interval of previous pulse are less than tωWhen, anode loop only exports one
Pulse, this phenomenon are referred to as pile-up effect.When pulse pile-up occurs, multiple pulses that system can not be differentiated while reached are believed
Number, so as to cause counting rate to lose.
The two aspect reasons based on more than, surveyed for nanosecond (ns) the level even number of photons of femtosecond (fs) level short-pulse laser
Amount, traditional Photoncounting methods are no longer applicable.
Utility model content
The purpose of this utility model, aiming at the deficiency present in prior art, and a kind of micro-energy pulse is provided and swashed
Light number of photons measurement apparatus, the program are used by pulse laser, spectroscope, energy meter, plane total reflective mirror, attenuator, shielding
The measurement apparatus of cylinder, photomultiplier and computer composition carries out photon counting, overcomes the Zhen in conventional photonic counting technology
Other device dead time limitation and the deficiency of multiplier tube output pile-up effect, it is possible to achieve to nanosecond micro-energy pulse laser
Number of photons measures.Under conditions of capture card sample rate and computer cache allow, Microsecond grade is also extended to millisecond
The number of photons measurement of level micro-energy pulse laser, and can also realize that number of photons measures to continuous pole weak laser signal.
This programme is achieved by the following technical measures：
A kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus, includes pulse laser, spectroscope, energy meter, plane
Total reflective mirror, attenuator, shielding cylinder, photomultiplier and computer；The laser beam that pulse laser is sent divides after spectroscope
Projected for transmitted light and reflected light；Optical transport is transmitted to energy meter；Energy meter connects with Computer signal；Reflected light passes through plane
Enter photomultiplier after sequentially passing through attenuator and shielding cylinder after total reflective mirror reflection；Photomultiplier connects with computer data
It is logical.
As the preferred of this programme：It is non-interference between light path when reflected light and transmitted light are launched at spectroscope.
As the preferred of this programme：Between the light path of light path and transmitted light of the reflected light after the reflection of plane total reflective mirror mutually not
Interference.
As the preferred of this programme：Aperture is provided with light path between spectroscope and plane mirror.
As the preferred of this programme：Pulse laser, spectroscope, energy meter, plane total reflective mirror, attenuator, shielding cylinder, light
Electric multiplier tube is arranged in darkroom.
A kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measuring method, includes following steps：
A. pulse laser emission pulse laser, pulse laser through plane sampling spectroscope be divided, obtain reflected light and thoroughly
Light is penetrated, it is η that plane, which samples the ratio between spectroscopical reflectivity and transmissivity,；
B. reflected light enters photomultiplier after aperture, completely reflecting mirror, attenuator and shielding cylinder, through opto-electronic conversion
Afterwards, voltage signal is obtained, voltage signal is exported to the capture card of computer, the transmission of attenuator by the photocathode of photomultiplier
Rate is T；
C. transmitted light is transported to energy meter, and energy meter detects transmitted light energy signal and is transported to computer, energy meter
The energy detected is E0；
D. the laser single-pulse energy E of photomultiplier is enterediFor：
Ei=η TE0 (1.1)
If photon energy is εi, then incident light subnumber be：
E., the operating voltage of photomultiplier is set；
F., the sample frequency of computer acquisition card is set, with the voltage of 2ns time interval collection photomultiplier output
Signal；
G. the Survey Software in computer reads the photomultiplier output voltage values that capture card is sent, and is obtained with step d
Incident light subnumber be divided by, the ratio between number of photons of voltage signal and input photomultiplier, the i.e. opto-electronic conversion of photomultiplier
Rate, represented with k；If sampling frame number is N, photomultiplier output single frames voltage signal intensity is Ii, from statistical analysis,
Photomultiplier photoelectric conversion rate is expressed as：
H. after the average photoelectric conversion rate for obtaining photomultiplier, it is possible in the situation that incident laser intensity is unknown
Under, the number of photons for reaching photomultiplier is calculated, the Survey Software in computer being put down according to the step g photomultipliers obtained
The voltage signal for the photomultiplier output that equal photoelectric conversion rate obtains with capture card is multiplied, you can obtains reaching photomultiplier transit
Pipe treats single survey pulsed light subnumber；
To reduce the randomness response error of photomultiplier, measurement accuracy is improved, N frame sampling values are united in measurement
Meter is average, can obtain pulse number of photons to be measured：
I. it is also different, it is necessary to measure respectively for different wave length pulse laser, the photoelectric conversion rate of photomultiplier.
As the preferred of this programme：In step g, pulse laser exports several different-energy pulse lasers, and computer is adopted
200 impulsive measurements are carried out to every kind of energy condition with formula (1.3), obtain the photomultiplier under each energy condition respectively
Photoelectric conversion rate, then average, you can obtain average photoelectric conversion rate.
As the preferred of this programme：In step d, when laser Output of laser wavelength is 532nm, photon energy εi≈
3.6×10-19, when laser emission wavelength is other wavelength, photon energy εiCan be according to Planck's constant and photon frequency
Carry out corresponding physical conversion.
As the preferred of this programme：In step h, photoelectric conversion rate matches with micro-energy pulse laser wavelength to be measured.
Micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measuring method of the present utility model overcomes the Zhen in conventional photonic counting technology
Other device dead time limitation and the deficiency of multiplier tube output pile-up effect, it is possible to achieve to nanosecond micro-energy pulse laser
Number of photons measures.Under conditions of capture card sample rate and computer cache allow, Microsecond grade is also extended to millisecond
The number of photons measurement of level micro-energy pulse laser, and can also realize that number of photons measures to continuous pole weak laser signal.The utility model
Available for the scattering section characteristic research to special material under pulsed laser irradiation；It can also be used in molecular physics research field
Dyestuff stimulated emission spectral characteristic research；In military affairs, implement micro light detecting available for remote weak signal target.
As can be seen here, the utility model compared with prior art, has substantive distinguishing features and progress, its beneficial effect implemented
Fruit is also obvious.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is structural representation of the present utility model；
Fig. 2 is the typical single frames pulse voltage signal figure for the photomultiplier output that the utility model method obtains；
Fig. 3 is the frame number of photons distribution map of statistics 200 that the utility model method obtains；
Fig. 4 is the statistics umber of pulse and number of photons relative standard deviation graph of a relation that the utility model method obtains.
In figure, 1 is darkroom, and 2 be pulse laser, and 3 be spectroscope, and 4 be energy meter, and 5 be computer, and 6 are all-trans for plane
Mirror, 7 be attenuator, and 8 be shielding cylinder, and 9 be photomultiplier.
Embodiment
All features disclosed in this specification, or disclosed all methods or during the step of, except mutually exclusive
Feature and/or step beyond, can combine in any way.
Any feature disclosed in this specification (including any accessory claim, summary and accompanying drawing), except non-specifically chatting
State, can alternative features equivalent by other or with similar purpose replaced.I.e., unless specifically stated otherwise, each feature
It is an example in a series of equivalent or similar characteristics.
As described in Figure, this programme includes pulse laser, spectroscope, energy meter, plane total reflective mirror, attenuator, shielding
Cylinder, photomultiplier and computer；The laser beam that pulse laser is sent is divided into transmitted light after spectroscope and reflected light is penetrated
Go out；Optical transport is transmitted to energy meter；Energy meter connects with Computer signal；Reflected light is worn successively after the reflection of plane total reflective mirror
Enter photomultiplier after overdamping device and shielding cylinder；Photomultiplier connects with computer data.Reflected light and transmitted light from
It is non-interference between light path when launching at spectroscope.The light of light path and transmitted light of the reflected light after the reflection of plane total reflective mirror
It is non-interference between road.Aperture is provided with light path between spectroscope and plane mirror.Pulse laser, spectroscope,
Energy meter, plane total reflective mirror, attenuator, shielding cylinder, photomultiplier are arranged in darkroom.
The measuring method of this programme is：
A. pulse laser emission pulse laser, pulse laser through plane sampling spectroscope be divided, obtain reflected light and thoroughly
Light is penetrated, it is η that plane, which samples the ratio between spectroscopical reflectivity and transmissivity,；
B. reflected light enters photomultiplier after aperture, completely reflecting mirror, attenuator and shielding cylinder, through opto-electronic conversion
Afterwards, voltage signal is obtained, voltage signal is exported to the capture card of computer, the transmission of attenuator by the photocathode of photomultiplier
Rate is T；
C. transmitted light is transported to energy meter, and energy meter detects transmitted light energy signal and is transported to computer, energy meter
The energy detected is E0；
D. the laser single-pulse energy E of photomultiplier is enterediFor：
Ei=η TE0 (1.1)
If photon energy is εi, then incident light subnumber be：
In embodiment in the utility model, laser Output of laser wavelength is 532nm, photon energy εi≈
3.6×10-19, when laser emission wavelength is other wavelength, photon energy εiCan be according to Planck's constant and photon frequency
Carry out corresponding physical conversion；
E. it is 800V DC voltages to set photomultiplier operating voltage；
F. it is 500MHz to set computer acquisition card sample frequency, with 2ns time interval collection photomultiplier output
Voltage signal；
G. the Survey Software in computer reads the photomultiplier output voltage values that capture card is sent, and is obtained with step d
Incident light subnumber be divided by, under the conditions of obtaining 800V operating voltages and 500MHz sample frequencys, voltage signal and input photoelectricity times
Increase the ratio between number of photons of pipe, the i.e. photoelectric conversion rate of photomultiplier, represented with k；
Photomultiplier photoelectric conversion rate：The green anode output voltage intensity that photomultiplier produces in response to single photon, claim
For photomultiplier photoelectric conversion rate, photomultiplier transit tube anode output signal strength integrated value and input number of photons summation are shown as
The ratio between, unit mV/Photon.Same photomultiplier is also different to the photoelectric conversion rate of different wave length laser.
From statistical optics principle, the multiplication constant of each dynode of photomultiplier is not steady state value, is generally obeyed
The statistical distribution of Poisson distribution, therefore, the measurement result of single laser pulse can not accurately reflect the photoelectricity of photomultiplier
Conversion ratio.To improve measurement accuracy, the utility model method takes the average value of 200 frame sampling measurement results as photomultiplier
Photoelectric conversion rate；
If sampling frame number is N (N=200 being taken in the utility model, sampled to a light pulse per frame), photomultiplier transit
Pipe output single frames voltage signal intensity is Ii, from statistical analysis, photomultiplier photoelectric conversion rate is expressed as：
Pulse laser exports several different-energy pulse lasers, and computer is using formula (1.3) to every kind of energy condition
200 impulsive measurements are carried out, obtain the photoelectric conversion rate of the photomultiplier under each energy condition respectively, then are averaged,
Average photoelectric conversion rate can be obtained.
H. after the average photoelectric conversion rate for obtaining photomultiplier, it is possible in the situation that incident laser intensity is unknown
Under, the number of photons for reaching photomultiplier is calculated, the Survey Software in computer being put down according to the step g photomultipliers obtained
The voltage signal for the photomultiplier output that equal photoelectric conversion rate obtains with capture card is multiplied, you can obtains reaching photomultiplier transit
Pipe treats single survey pulsed light subnumber.
To reduce the randomness response error of photomultiplier, measurement accuracy is improved, N frame sampling values are united in measurement
Meter is average, can obtain pulse number of photons to be measured：
I. it is also different, it is necessary to measure respectively for different wave length pulse laser, the photoelectric conversion rate of photomultiplier.
Photoelectric conversion rate in step h needs consistent with micro-energy pulse laser wavelength to be measured.
The embodiment of this programme：
Pulse laser 1 export pulse energy be normally controlled within 3mJ, the optics OD values of attenuator more than 13,
The pulse number of photons for entering photomultiplier can be decayed in theory within 1000 photons.
In Fig. 1, measuring method adopts 532nm solid pulse lasers as transmitting light source, and (half-power is complete by pulsewidth 13ns
It is wide), energy stability 5%；The CR131 type side window type photomultipliers that detector produces for Beijing Bin Song companies, photocathode pair
532nm photo-quantum efficiencies about 14%, response time 2.2ns.
It is synchronously defeated to each pulse energy and photomultiplier using the data collecting card on computer in measurement process
The signal gone out carries out data acquisition and handled.
Unknown micro-energy pulse laser number of photons to be measured is measured preceding, it is necessary to turn to the photoelectricity of photomultiplier carrying out
The rate of changing measures.
Regulation photomultiplier operating voltage is 800V, and pulse laser exports 5 kinds of different-energy pulse lasers, computer
200 impulsive measurements are carried out to every kind of energy condition, the photoelectricity for obtaining the photomultiplier under each energy condition respectively turns
Rate is changed, then is averaged, obtains average photoelectric conversion rate.The average photoelectricity that photomultiplier is calculated according to Survey Software turns
It is 2.58mV/Photon to change rate, and measurement record is shown in Table 1.
The photoelectric conversion rate of table 1 measurement record
After completing photoelectric conversion rate measurement, you can treat micrometer energy pulse laser light incident number of photons and measure.
Still it is laid out using shown in Fig. 1, photomultiplier operating voltage 800V, pulse laser 4 kinds of different-energies of output
Pulse laser, the energy value of energy meter measurement are transported to computer, the only reference frame as confirmatory measurement method accuracy, no
Design conditions as Survey Software.To every kind of energy condition, the pulse laser after photomultiplier receiving attenuation, output voltage
Signal is averaged to computer acquisition card, computer to collecting 200 frame pulse voltage signals, is obtained further according to above measurement
Average photoelectric conversion rate, you can calculate the pulsed light subnumber of micro-energy pulse laser to be measured under current measuring condition.Fig. 2 is light
The typical single frames pulse voltage signal figure of electric multiplier tube output, transverse axis is acquisition time, and the longitudinal axis is signal intensity, represents current energy
The size of the voltage signal intensity of photomultiplier output is excited under the conditions of amount per pulse laser.Fig. 3 is the statistics of 200 pulses
Number of photons distribution map, its transverse axis represent umber of pulse, and the longitudinal axis is calculated according to the signal intensity of average photoelectric conversion rate and collection
The pulsed light subnumber arrived.
Table 2 show 4 different-energy pulsed light subnumber measurement results.Wherein, " actually entering number of photons " is 200 arteries and veins
Rush the average value that energy value is converted into obtained by number of photons." measurement number of photons " is the to be measured of the utility model measuring method acquisition
Pulsed light subnumber.Calculate each secondary experimental error.The nonlinearity erron of measurement in table 2 is up to 8.7%.Error main source
In systematic error.
Pulse low-light number of photons measurement record during 2 operating voltage 800V of table
From statistical optics principle, the multiplication constant of each dynode of photomultiplier is not fixed value, is generally obeyed
Poisson distribution.It is poor to the measurement accuracy of pulse, it is necessary to which that multiple pulse datas are united when input number of photons is less
Meter, obtained data are just significant.Fig. 4 is statistics umber of pulse and number of photons relative standard deviation graph of a relation, it is seen then that to pulse
The relative standard deviation of measurement is up to more than 70%, and with increasing for statistics umber of pulse, deviation reduces, when statistics umber of pulse is 120
Relative standard deviation is about 1%.It can be seen that the measurement result obtained by this Setup Experiments statistics umber of pulse is 200 is reliable.
The utility model is not limited to foregoing embodiment.The utility model expands to any in this specification
The new feature of middle disclosure or any new combination, and disclose any new method or process the step of or any new group
Close.
Claims (5)
1. a kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus, it is characterized in that：Include pulse laser, spectroscope, energy
Meter, plane total reflective mirror, attenuator, shielding cylinder, photomultiplier and computer；The laser beam that the pulse laser is sent passes through
It is divided into transmitted light after spectroscope and reflected light projects；The optical transport that transmits is to energy meter；The energy meter and Computer signal
Connection；The reflected light enters photomultiplier after sequentially passing through attenuator and shielding cylinder after the reflection of plane total reflective mirror；Institute
Photomultiplier is stated to connect with computer data.
2. a kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The reflected light
It is non-interference between light path when launching with transmitted light at spectroscope.
3. a kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The reflected light
By plane total reflective mirror reflection after light path and transmitted light light path between it is non-interference.
4. a kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The spectroscope
Aperture is provided with light path between plane total reflective mirror.
5. a kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus according to claim 1, it is characterized in that：The pulse swashs
Light device, spectroscope, energy meter, plane total reflective mirror, attenuator, shielding cylinder, photomultiplier are arranged in darkroom.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106768401A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus and method |
| CN108827478A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 迪瑞医疗科技股份有限公司 | A kind of photon measurement system based on the wide range of linearity of two-photon counter |
| CN110376678A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-25 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Weak coherent pulse rectifier based on timing synthetic technology |
| CN117664324A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Online X-ray light intensity real-time high-speed monitoring system |
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2017
- 2017-03-24 CN CN201720299756.XU patent/CN206627220U/en active Active
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106768401A (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2017-05-31 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | A kind of micro-energy pulse laser number of photons measurement apparatus and method |
| CN106768401B (en) * | 2017-03-24 | 2023-03-21 | 中国工程物理研究院应用电子学研究所 | Micro-energy pulse laser photon number measuring device and method |
| CN108827478A (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2018-11-16 | 迪瑞医疗科技股份有限公司 | A kind of photon measurement system based on the wide range of linearity of two-photon counter |
| CN110376678A (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2019-10-25 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Weak coherent pulse rectifier based on timing synthetic technology |
| CN110376678B (en) * | 2019-07-11 | 2020-12-11 | 军事科学院系统工程研究院网络信息研究所 | Weak coherent pulse rectification method and device based on time sequence synthesis technology and storage medium |
| CN117664324A (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-03-08 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Online X-ray light intensity real-time high-speed monitoring system |
| CN117664324B (en) * | 2024-01-31 | 2024-04-12 | 中国科学院上海高等研究院 | Online X-ray light intensity real-time high-speed monitoring system |
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