CN2066175U - L-w type multi-functional polarizing testing demonstrating instrument - Google Patents
L-w type multi-functional polarizing testing demonstrating instrument Download PDFInfo
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- CN2066175U CN2066175U CN 89200974 CN89200974U CN2066175U CN 2066175 U CN2066175 U CN 2066175U CN 89200974 CN89200974 CN 89200974 CN 89200974 U CN89200974 U CN 89200974U CN 2066175 U CN2066175 U CN 2066175U
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Abstract
The utility model relates to a stress testing and optics experiment demonstration device. Elements of a polarizer, a 1/4 wave plate, a square guide bar, an extended light source box and others are combined into a building block type miniature multifunctional polarization demonstrating and measuring instrument for solving the problems that the demonstration of the polarization experiment of the university does not have forming fixed instruments and the mechanics measuring experiment does not have miniature and economic testers. The instrument can do twelve demonstrations of physical experiments and various stress measurements.
Description
The utility model is the instrument of a kind of multi-functional polarisation measurement and optical characteristics experimental demonstration.
The utility model is to consider at present to lack small-sized, cheap photo-elastic instrument in mechanical meaurement; And in Experiment of College Physics, do not demonstrate the integrated instrument of all characteristics of polarized light and design.Consult interrelated datas such as the U.S., Britain, Germany, Taiwan and domestic Beijing University, Fudan University, Nanjing University, central TV university and there is no analogous instrument.
The stress measurement instrument that provides a kind of economy small-sized is provided fundamental purpose of the present utility model.
Another purpose of the present utility model is to provide a kind of comprehensive multi-functional polarisation demonstrator, to reduce experimental cost, minimizing teacher's the duplication of labour.
Other purposes and the characteristics of the utility model are by following clear with reference to obtaining in the detailed description of accompanying drawing.
The utility model (seeing accompanying drawing 1) is to go up two round mirror holders of device (a) (b) at a square guide rod (1).Mirror holder is made up of bracing frame (2) and rotating bezel (3).0 ° of-360 ° of scale is arranged on the bracing frame, and its integral body can be slided along guide rod, by the trip bolt on the mirror holder (4) it is fixed.Polariscope (5) and quarter wave plate (6) are loaded on the rotating bezel.This frame can be around the optical axis rotation that is parallel to guide rod on mirror holder.The above-mentioned guide rod that has all devices vertically places on the light-source box (7).Guide rod and light-source box adopt pegs graft, fixing by trip bolt (8).The light source casing is the light-proof material manufacturing, and 3 watts of daylight lamps that two parallel arrangements, level installation wherein are set are light source.Luminous tube pin is fixed by the pressing plate of band trip bolt.The casing upper surface is a frosted glass, have in addition one can place on the light-source box more than with loading frame (9).Loading frame is made up of square framework, loading screw rod etc.
Use this loading frame, be equipped with different accessories, can realize drawing, pressing and loading form such as bending.When using epoxy resin (the also available synthetic birefringence material that other the are demarcated) disk of standard component on the standard photo-elastic instrument, can carry out quantitative test to the load of exerting pressure.
When carrying out stress measurement with it, (220V AC) can obtain a uniform diffuse reflection light field to energized on light-source box.Loading frame is placed (a) (b) between, and apply certain load, light obtains circularly polarized light field during by (a), again by stress model, and observes by (b), just can see the interference fringe of representing deviator stress on the birefringence model.Fig. 2 is seen in the light path arrangement.(1) light source (2) (6) polaroid (3) (5) quarter wave plate (4) model
Use one one of this instrument or all, and be equipped with other annexes and can carry out:
1. measure stressed object intermediate principal stress direction
2. decision factor of stress concentration
3. calculate the stress of interior of articles point
4. measure the object receiving force strain
Deng the mensuration of four kinds of mechanical quantities, and
1. light wave is the demonstration of shear wave
2. checking Brewster
3. observe birefringence and play inclined to one side phenomenon
4. scattering produces polarization
5. circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light
6. rotatory polarization
7. colour developing polarization
8. the interference of convergent polarized light
9. photoelastic experiment demonstration
10. the observation of Faraday effect
11. the observation of Kerr effect
12. quartzy optical characteristics
Deng 12 kinds of Physical Experiment demonstrations.
Why we develop this instrument, be because:
1. Experimental Mechanics is the novel crossed science of one as one in conjunction with mechanics, optics, physics and computer science, and development in recent years is very fast, has become a branch of solid mechanics, is a powerful measure that solves engineering problem, biomechanical issues.Because Experimental Mechanics is a new discipline, so in the course of the non-mechanics specialty of general universities and colleges, experiment condition is incomplete, often can only be dictated by the teacher, can't do experiment, its reason is to lack corresponding experimental facilities.
The polarization photo-elastic instrument is one of key instrument that is used for Analysis of Experimental Stress, and product is all arranged both at home and abroad.But because light field is big, higher to the quality requirements of polaroid, quarter wave plate, collimating mirror etc., cost an arm and a leg, use complexity, must be through certain professional training, so can only use for some specialized laboratories.
2. in the present Experiment of College Physics, all adopt resolution element, piece together light path, single experiment, single light path is occupied a large amount of elements and device, and needs frequent conversion light path, and the cost height is adjusted trouble, loses time.
The utility model is the above-mentioned shortcoming of solution and designs, and its principle is consistent with the polarization photo-elastic instrument.Owing to dwindle light field, reduced cost, and guaranteed its multiple use.As survey that isoclinic line, isodiff, stress are concentrated, moire etc., and be used with each annex and can carry out 12 kinds of polarisation physics experimental demonstrations.
The guide rod of the utility model, mirror holder, rotating bezel should adopt the metal with sufficient intensity to make.Light-source box then can adopt other materials such as metal, plastics or timber to make.But need adopt hard metal material with the guide rod interface, polarizing component can adopt polariscope or polaroid, and quarter wave plate is a crystalline material, and light source then adopts general daylight lamp to get final product.
Four kinds of mechanical measurements and 12 kinds of Physical Experiment demonstrations as following of utilizing this instrument to carry out:
One. stress measurement
1. determine stressed object intermediate principal stress direction
Light path is seen Fig. 3.(1) light source (2) (4) polaroid (3) model
Natural light is by above optical system, and the light distribution on viewing plane can show as:
I＝2a
2sin
22asin
2φ （1）
A-illumination light amplitude in the formula
α-principal direction of stress and polaroid polarization axle angulation
The phasic difference of φ-cause by synthetic birefringence
Can in plane polarized light field, observe blackstreak by above light path.When synchronous rotatory polarization sheet (2) and (4), can see mobile blackstreak.From formula (1) as can be known, when the direction of the principal direction of stress of blackstreak place's point and polarization axle is consistent (α=0 °, 90 °), light intensity is zero, blackstreak occurs.Therefore can judge each point principal direction of stress in the stress model from blackstreak.Very important in the engineering problems such as intensity of this cloth muscle, mechanical component at reinforced concrete.
2. decision factor of stress concentration
Light path is seen Fig. 2 (1) light source (2) (6) polaroid
(3) (5) quarter wave plate (4) model
Natural light is by above optics system, and its light distribution is
I＝2a
2sin
2φ／2 （2）
A-illumination light amplitude in the formula
The phasic difference of φ-cause owing to synthetic birefringence, φ and principle stress σ
1And σ
2The pass be φ=K(σ
1-σ
2)
K is and thickness, wavelength, the relevant constant of material.
So when φ=2n π, interference fringe will appear in I=0.Thereby can calculate σ by the level time n of interference fringe
1-σ
2Value.Under having aperture, groove, breach or crackle situation in the mechanical component, when being subjected to load, the then local stress concentration phenomenon that produces.In the circular polarization field, can see than the much intensive interference fringe in other zones.On the border that the stress concentration phenomenon takes place, σ
1And σ
2Must there be one to be zero, thereby can compares with mean stress, can obtain factor of stress concentration by the direct calculated stress of fringe order.
3. calculate the stress of interior of articles point
By light path arrangement shown in Figure 3, can obtain each point etc. the inclination angle number of degrees, can obtain the principle stress difference of each point and the stress value of free boundary by light path arrangement shown in Figure 2.Can use equilibrium equation
Carry out integration, obtain:
Obtain the stress of internal point.
4. measure the object receiving force strain
Light path is seen Fig. 4 (1) light source (2) test specimen
Stressed test specimen surface is stained with stressed grating (producing same distortion with test specimen), reference grating is close on the test specimen, like this after test specimen is stressed, light sees through the test specimen grating that has been out of shape and undeformed with reference to producing light and dark striped behind the grating, is referred to as moire.Moire fringes figure is stressed object at the contour of equal displacement perpendicular to the grid line direction, from the moire pattern of object, can obtain the strain of stressed object each point.
U.v in the formula can from experimental observation to moire fringes progression obtain, that is:
u＝n.p
v＝m.p （5）
N.m-moire fringes progression in the formula
The p-grating constant
Two. the Physical Experiment demonstration
1. shear wave demonstration
Light path is seen accompanying drawing 5.(1) slide projector or laser instrument (2) (3) polaroid (4) screen
During to (2) // (3), can shield the light intensity maximum by the rotatory polarization sheet, during to (2) ⊥ (3), light intensity is zero.
2. checking Brewster
Light path is seen accompanying drawing 6.(1) slide projector or laser instrument (2) catoptron (3) polaroid (4) screen
Making incident angle is Brewster angle, the rotatory polarization sheet, and light intensity changes on the screen, and minimum is zero.Change incident angle, light intensity never is zero on the screen.
3. observation birefringent phenomenon
Light path is seen Fig. 7.(1) laser instrument or slide projector (2) Nicol (3) analyzer (4) screen
The rotatory polarization sheet, spot intensity is cyclical variation on the screen.
4. scattering produces polarization
Light path is seen Fig. 8.(1) slide projector or laser instrument (2) polarizer (3) is equipped with pipe (4) analyzer (5) screen of particulate
From front observation tube, rotation (4), the light intensity that can see on the screen is changing.This explanation YZ plane is partially complete, and YX, ZX two sides are partial poolarized lights.
5. circularly polarized light and elliptically polarized light
Light path is seen Fig. 9.(1) slide projector or laser instrument (2) optical filter (3) (6) polaroid (4) (5) quarter wave plate (7) screen
A. make (3) ⊥ (6) insertion and rotate (4), making screen go up light intensity is zero, and commentaries on classics is (4) 45 ° then, and it is constant that light intensity is then shielded in commentaries on classics (6).
B. insert on above-mentioned light path (5), the orientation is any, and outgoing is that line is inclined to one side.Revolve light intensity variation on (6) screen, delustring is arranged.
C.(3) ⊥ (6), the orientation of (4) is 45 ° or 90 °, and then outgoing is elliptic polarization, and light intensity changes on the screen, not delustring.
D. utilize above-mentioned light path also can observe the character of λ/2.
6. rotatory polarization
Light path is seen Figure 10.(1) slide projector or laser instrument (2) color filter (3) (6) polaroid (4) half shady sheet (5) is contained solution conduit (7) screen
(5) before putting into sucrose in, make the light field delustring, and write down the extinction position, inject sucrose solution then, rotation (6) is write down the extinction position again and is write down △ φ.
With diluted acid the sugar of dextrorotation is hydrolyzed to left-handed sugar, operates it again.
7. colour developing polarization
Light path is seen Figure 11.(1) slide projector or laser instrument (2) (4) polaroid (3) wafer (5) imaging lens (6) screen
Regulating (5), make (3) go up clear imaging in (6), is colored on the screen.(2) ⊥ (4) and (2) // (4), color complementation on the screen.Remove (6), image is colourless on the screen.
8. the interference of convergent polarized light
Light path is seen Figure 12.(1) light source (2) diaphragm (3) (6) polaroid (4) collector lens (5) wafer (7) screen
Make (3) ⊥ (6), can on screen, observe color pattern.
9. photoelastic experiment demonstration
Light path is seen Figure 13.(1) slide projector (2) (4) polaroid (3) luggage carrier (5) lens (6) screen
Make (2) ⊥ (4), sample on the luggage carrier is added a little stress, and make its clear imaging on screen.Can be observed colored interference striped and black isoclinic line.Can infer stress distribution by fringe density.Add λ/4 wave plates at test specimen both sides branch, blackstreak can disappear.
10. the observation of Faraday effect
Light path such as Figure 14.(1) light source (2) polarizer (3) analyzer (4) glass rod (5) solenoid
Plane of polarization rotational angle theta=WlB
B-magnetic flux density in the formula
The l-medium length
The W-Verdet constant
Make (2) ⊥ (3) delustring, revolve (3) behind the making alive to delustring, then (3) institute gyration is θ.
11. the observation of Kerr effect
Light path such as Figure 15.(1) telescope (2) analyzer (3) λ/4 wave plates (4) Kerr cells (5) polarizers (6) sodium vapor lamp
(4) are put between (2) (5), make incident light polarization face on (4) and the electric field line between (4) electrode slit be 45 °.
The potential difference (PD) that adds certain limit on (4), the plane of polarization rotation angle that is produced by (4) is measured in (5) of rotatable band scale.
Make the axle of λ/4 wave plates be 45, δ/λ=0lE is then arranged with electric field line
2
C-Kerr constanr in the formula
The length of electric field in the l-Kerr cell
The intensity of electric field in the E-Kerr cell
360 ° of δ/λ one are in the rotational angle theta of degree
12. quartzy optical property
Light path such as Figure 16.(1) quartzy (4) polarizer (5) lens (6) light sources (7) diaphragm of the parallel light tube of spectrometer (2) analyzer (3)
Along the rotation of optical axis direction observation plane of polarization, along the destructive interference in the both direction observation transmitted light of ⊥ optical axis.
Claims (1)
- The utility model is the instrument of a kind of mechanical meaurement and optical characteristics demonstration, it is characterized by two mirror holders that can slide along guide rod are housed on a square guide rod, rotating rotating bezel is arranged on the mirror holder, polariscope and quarter wave plate are housed on it, the mirror holder periphery indicates 0 ° of-360 ° of scale, above-mentioned guide rod is loaded on the light-source box, light-source box wall and bottom are made by light-proof material, above attached with frosted glass, be light source with the daylight lamp in the case, tool one loading frame in addition, loading frame can place and carry out stress measurement on the light-source box, complete machine is that brick pattern connects, and is convenient to dismounting, cooperates with miscellaneous part to carry out multiple measurement and Physical Experiment demonstration.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89200974 CN2066175U (en) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-01-26 | L-w type multi-functional polarizing testing demonstrating instrument |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89200974 CN2066175U (en) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-01-26 | L-w type multi-functional polarizing testing demonstrating instrument |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN2066175U true CN2066175U (en) | 1990-11-21 |
Family
ID=4858962
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89200974 Withdrawn CN2066175U (en) | 1989-01-26 | 1989-01-26 | L-w type multi-functional polarizing testing demonstrating instrument |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN2066175U (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102147302B (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-02-20 | 中国人民解放军总装备部航天医学工程研究所 | Building-block-type polariscope |
| CN110349486A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 南开大学 | A kind of large-scale demonstrator for light polarization phenomenon |
| CN113096505A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-09 | 安徽新华学院 | Malus law demonstration device |
-
1989
- 1989-01-26 CN CN 89200974 patent/CN2066175U/en not_active Withdrawn
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102147302B (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2013-02-20 | 中国人民解放军总装备部航天医学工程研究所 | Building-block-type polariscope |
| CN110349486A (en) * | 2019-07-23 | 2019-10-18 | 南开大学 | A kind of large-scale demonstrator for light polarization phenomenon |
| CN113096505A (en) * | 2021-05-11 | 2021-07-09 | 安徽新华学院 | Malus law demonstration device |
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|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| C19 | Lapse of patent right due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
| CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |